TY  - JOUR
A1  - Werchmeister, Rebecka Maria Larsen
A1  - Tang, Jing
A1  - Xiao, Xinxin
A1  - Wollenberger, Ulla
A1  - Hjuler, Hans Aage
A1  - Ulstrup, Jens
A1  - Zhang, Jingdong
T1  - Three-Dimensional Bioelectrodes Utilizing Graphene Based Bioink
JF  - Journal of The Electrochemical Society
N2  - Enzyme immobilization using nanomaterials offers new approaches to enhanced bioelectrochemical performance and is essential for the preparation of bioelectrodes with high reproducibility and low cost. In this report, we describe the development of new three-dimensional (3D) bioelectrodes by immobilizing a "bioink" of glucose oxidase (GOD) in a matrix of reduced graphene oxides (RGOs), polyethylenimine (PEI), and ferrocene carboxylic acid (FcCOOH) on carbon paper (CP). CP with 3D interwoven carbon fibers serves as a solid porous and electronically conducting skeleton, providing large surface areas and space for loading the bioink and diffusion of substrate molecules, respectively. RGO enhances contact between the GOD-matrix and CP, maintaining high conductivity. The composition of the bioink has been systematically optimized. The GOD bioelectrodes show linearly increasing electrocatalytic oxidation current toward glucose concentration up to 48 mM. A hybrid enzymatic biofuel cell equipped with the GOD bioelectrode as a bioanode and a platinum cathode furthermore registers a maximum power density of 5.1 mu W cm(-2) and an open circuit voltage of 0.40 V at 25 degrees C. The new method reported of preparing a bioelectrode by drop-casting the bioink onto the substrate electrode is facile and versatile, with the potential of application also for other enzymatic bioelectrodes.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0261916jes
SN  - 0013-4651
SN  - 1945-7111
VL  - 166
IS  - 16
SP  - G170
EP  - G177
PB  - The Electrochemical Society
CY  - Pennington
ER  -