TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Vulnerability to Sexual Victimization in Female and Male College Students in Brazil: Cross-Sectional and Prospective Evidence JF - Archives of sexual behavior : the official publication of the International Academy of Sex Research N2 - Using both cross-sectional and prospective analyses, this study examined vulnerability factors for sexual victimization in 541 female and male Brazilian college students, of whom a subgroup of 250 took part in two measurements 6 months apart. Risk factors for sexual victimization (alcohol consumption, casual sex, and ambiguous communication) in participants’ cognitive scripts for consensual sex were linked to sexual victimization via their translation into risky sexual behavior. Pornography use was indirectly linked to sexual victimization through its influence on risky sexual scripts and sexual behavior. Child sexual abuse predicted sexual victimization in the cross-sectional analysis, and victimization since age 14 predicted revictimization in the six months covered by the prospective period. Few gender differences were found. This study is the first prospective investigation of vulnerability factors for sexual victimization in Brazil, and similarities to evidence from North America are discussed. KW - Sexual victimization KW - Brazil KW - Sexual scripts KW - Pornography use KW - Childhood sexual abuse KW - Risky sexual behavior Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-014-0451-7 SN - 0004-0002 SN - 1573-2800 VL - 45 SP - 1101 EP - 1115 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Wissenschaftliche Forschungspraxis und alltagspsychologische Wirklichkeit BT - ein Beitrag zur attributionstheoretischen Methodendiskussion N2 - Ausgehend von einer Kritik der vorherrschenden attributionstheoretischen Forschungspraxis werden drei methodologische Probleme der Erfassung von Kausalattributionen als laienpsychologische Erklärungskonzepte diskutiert: — Die Angemessenheit experimenteller Methoden zur Aktualisierung der motivationalen Voraussetzungen von Attributionsprozessen — Die Untersuchung der personalen und situativen Auslösebedingungen von Kausalinterpretationen — Die Erfassung und Systematisierung der Inhaltskategorien, die zur Kausalerklärung sozialer Ereignisse herangezogen werden. Auf der Basis weniger bisher vorliegender Untersuchungen werden theoretische und empirische Lösungsansätze zusammengetragen, die zu einer methodologischen Neuorientierung der Attributionsforschung im Sinne einer stärkeren Annäherung an die alltagspsychologische Erfahrungswelt führen können. N2 - Starting from a critical evaluation of current attributional methods, three methodological problems are discussed, concerning the analysis of causal attributions as lay people's ordinary explanations: — The adequacy of experimental methods for creating the motivational basis of attributional search — The exploration of necessary and sufficient conditions for instigating attribution processes — The systematic analysis of causal categories and causal distinctions used by naive psychologists to explain social events. On the basis of the scarce evidence available, theoretical and empirical starting points are suggested for a re-orientation of attributional methodology in terms of a closer approximation of scientific research to lay people's reality. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 186 Y1 - 1984 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-44157 SP - 180 EP - 193 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Busching, Robert A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - With a little help from their peers BT - the impact of classmates on JF - Journal of youth and adolescence : a multidisciplinary research publication N2 - Peer groups are critical socialization agents for the development of social behavior in adolescence, but studies examining peer-group effects on individuals' prosocial behavior are scarce. Using a two-wave, multilevel data set (N = 16,893, 8481 male; 8412 female; mean age at Time 1: 14.0 years) from 1308 classes in 252 secondary schools in Germany, main effects of the classroom level of prosocial behavior, cross-level interactions between the classroom and the individual levels of prosocial behavior at Time 1, and the moderating role of gender were examined. The results showed that adolescents in classrooms with high collective levels of prosocial behavior at Time 1 reported more prosocial behavior at Time 2, about two years later, reflecting a class-level main effect. A significant cross-level interaction indicated that a high classroom level of prosocial behavior particularly affected individuals with lower levels of prosocial behavior at Time 1. The influence of same-gender peers was larger compared with opposite-gender peers. The findings are discussed with respect to social learning mechanisms in the development of prosocial behavior and their implications for interventions to promote prosocial behavior. KW - prosocial behavior KW - adolescence KW - development KW - gender KW - longitudinal KW - multilevel Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01260-8 SN - 0047-2891 SN - 1573-6601 VL - 49 IS - 9 SP - 1849 EP - 1863 PB - Springer Science CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Waizenhöfer, Eva A1 - Möller, Ingrid T1 - Women's sexual aggression against men : prevalence and predictors Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Skowronski, Marika A1 - Busching, Robert A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Women’s exposure to sexualized TV, self-objectification, and consideration of cosmetic surgery BT - the role of age JF - Psychology of popular media N2 - Public Policy Relevance Statement TV is full of content presenting women in a sexualized way, with a focus on their sexual appearance and appeal to others. We found that across an age spectrum from 15 to 72 years, the more women watched sexualized TV, the more concerned they were about their body; a link between watching sexualized TV and considering cosmetic surgery was found only for women above the age of 31. Adding to the evidence documenting negative consequences of sexualized media use on young women's body image, this study is a first indicator that these might also apply to women across a broader age spectrum.
Extensive research has documented links between sexualized media use and body image concerns. Previous findings are based largely on female adolescents or young adults, although objectification theory predicts changes of body image concerns with age. Therefore, the current study investigated the link of sexualized TV exposure (STE) with self-objectification and consideration of cosmetic surgery within the framework of objectification theory in a sample of 519 female participants between the age of 15 and 72 (M = 39.43 years). Participants completed measures of STE, appearance-ideal internalization, valuing appearance over competence, body surveillance, and consideration of cosmetic surgery. Structural equation modeling revealed that STE was indirectly linked with consideration of cosmetic surgery via valuing appearance over competence and body surveillance. Age was negatively related to internalization, valuing appearance over competence, and body surveillance, but did not moderate the links between STE and body image. Older women scored lower on the body-related variables, but the associations between STE and self-objectification were the same across the age spectrum. STE predicted consideration of cosmetic surgery only for women over 31 years of age. Implications concerning the role of age in linking sexualized media to self-objectification are discussed. KW - television KW - sexualization KW - age KW - body image KW - self-objectification Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000348 SN - 2160-4143 SN - 2160-4142 VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 117 EP - 124 PB - American Psychological Association CY - Washington ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Zum Stand der Diskussion um den "self-serving bias" in der Attributionsforschung N2 - The 'fact or fiction1 controversy about self-serving attributional biases is discussed under two aspects: a) The lack of a clear conceptual definition of "bias" referring to cognitive models of causal attribution which specify unbiased, rational modes of causal inference; b) The empirical evidence with regard to the decision whether attributional distortions are due to self-protective and self-enhancing motives rather than errors and biases in information processing. It is concluded that progress in self-serving bias research is conditional upon a theoretical clarification and operational definition of self-serving biases explicitly derived from a rational standard of causal inference and based on a motivational analysis of the functions of causal attributions. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 183 Y1 - 1983 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-45286 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Zur Renaissance des idiographischen Ansatzes in der Persönlichkeitsforschung : eine Zwischenbilanz T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 191 Y1 - 1991 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-45607 ER -