TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zingraff-Hamed, Aude
A1  - Hüesker, Frank
A1  - Lupp, Gerd
A1  - Begg, Chloe
A1  - Huang, Josh
A1  - Oen, Amy M. P.
A1  - Vojinović, Zoran
A1  - Kuhlicke, Christian
A1  - Pauleit, Stephan
T1  - Stakeholder mapping to co-create nature-based solutions
BT  - who is on board?
JF  - Sustainability
N2  - Nature-based solutions (NBS) are inspired and supported by nature but designed by humans. Historically, governmental stakeholders have aimed to control nature using a top-down approach; more recently, environmental governance has shifted to collaborative planning. Polycentric governance and co-creation procedures, which include a large spectrum of stakeholders, are assumed to be more effective in the management of public goods than traditional approaches. In this context, NBS projects should benefit from strong collaborative governance models, and the European Union is facilitating and encouraging such models. While some theoretical approaches exist, setting-up the NBS co-creation process (namely co-design and co-implementation) currently relies mostly on self-organized stakeholders rather than on strategic decisions. As such, systematic methods to identify relevant stakeholders seem to be crucial to enable higher planning efficiency, reduce bottlenecks and time needed for planning, designing, and implementing NBS. In this context, this contribution is based on the analysis of 16 NBS and 359 stakeholders. Real-life constellations are compared to theoretical typologies, and a systematic stakeholder mapping method to support co-creation is presented. Rather than making one-fit-all statements about the "right" stakeholders, the contribution provides insights for those "in charge" to strategically consider who might be involved at each stage of the NBS project.
KW  - ecosystem-based
KW  - natural hazard mitigation
KW  - participative planning
KW  - co-design
KW  - polycentric governance
KW  - living labs
KW  - societal resilience
KW  - sustainable development goals
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208625
SN  - 2071-1050
VL  - 12
IS  - 20
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  -