TY - JOUR
A1 - Weigl, Johannes
A1 - Gafus, Tobias
T1 - Übungsfall: Schlüssel zum Glück
JF - Zeitschrift für das juristische Studium
Y1 - 2021
UR - https://www.zjs-online.com/dat/artikel/2022_4_1658.pdf
SN - 1865-6331
IS - 4
SP - 598
EP - 607
PB - T. Rotsch
CY - Gießen
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weilandt, Maria
T1 - The Water Exhales
BT - zur Evokation von Atem in Comics von Chris Ware, Tillie Walden und Craig Thompson
JF - Atem : Gestalterische, ökologische und soziale Dimensionen
JF - Breath : Morphological, Ecological and Social Dimensions
N2 - Atemdarstellungen im Medium Comic sind ein durchaus ambivalentes Thema. Meines Wissens ist es einerseits recht selten, dass Figuren in Comics atmend gezeigt werden bzw. genauer: dass ihre reguläre Atmung explizit thematisiert wird. Andererseits beinhaltet fast jeder Comic Motive oder Praktiken, die mit dem Einsaugen und Ausstoßen von Atemluft zu tun haben: erleichtertes Seufzen etwa, sich Räuspern, Husten, Keuchen, Rauchen oder Riechen. Da in solchen Panels oder Panelsequenzen Atem bzw. Spielarten desselben besonders markiert sind, bietet es sich an, diese Szenen genauer zu analysieren und sich zu fragen, welchen Effekt Atemmotive an dieser Stelle für die Geschichte haben und auf welche Weise Atem jeweils sichtbar gemacht wird. Der Beitrag verfolgt das Ziel, exemplarisch Atemmotive zu diskutieren, um das vielfältige Spektrum ästhetisch-narrativer Atemdarstellungen in Comics anzudeuten.
KW - Comic Studies
KW - Comicwissenschaft
KW - Komparatistik
KW - Kulturwissenschaft
KW - Kunstwissenschaft
Y1 - 2021
UR - https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110701876/html
SN - 978-3-11070-183-8
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110701876
SP - 69
EP - 83
PB - De Gruyter
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weitkunat, Karolin
A1 - Bishop, Christopher Allen
A1 - Wittmüss, Maria
A1 - Machate, Tina
A1 - Schifelbein, Tina
A1 - Schulze, Matthias Bernd
A1 - Klaus, Susanne
T1 - Effect of microbial status on hepatic odd-chain fatty acids is diet-dependent
JF - Nutrients / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
N2 - Odd-chain fatty acids (OCFA) are inversely associated with type-2-diabetes in epidemiological studies. They are considered as a biomarker for dairy intake because fermentation in ruminants yields high amounts of propionate, which is used as the primer for lipogenesis. Recently, we demonstrated endogenous OCFA synthesis from propionate in humans and mice, but how this is affected by microbial colonization is still unexplored. Here, we investigated the effect of increasing microbiota complexity on hepatic lipid metabolism and OCFA levels in different dietary settings. Germ-free (GF), gnotobiotic (SIH, simplified human microbiota) or conventional (CONV) C3H/HeOuJ-mice were fed a CHOW or high-fat diet with inulin (HFI) to induce microbial fermentation. We found that hepatic lipogenesis was increased with increasing microbiota complexity, independently of diet. In contrast, OCFA formation was affected by diet as well as microbiota. On CHOW, hepatic OCFA and intestinal gluconeogenesis decreased with increasing microbiota complexity (GF > SIH > CONV), while cecal propionate showed a negative correlation with hepatic OCFA. On HFI, OCFA levels were highest in SIH and positively correlated with cecal propionate. The propionate content in the CHOW diet was 10 times higher than that of HFI. We conclude that bacterial propionate production affects hepatic OCFA formation, unless this effect is masked by dietary propionate intake.
KW - pentadecanoic acid (C15:0)
KW - heptadecanoic acid (C17:0)
KW - type-2-diabetes
KW - fatty acid synthesis
KW - acetate
KW - propionate
KW - probiotics
KW - gut microbiota
KW - prebiotics
KW - inulin
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051546
SN - 2072-6643
VL - 13
IS - 5
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weiß, Norman
T1 - How to integrate environmental law into constitutional law
BT - the German experience
JF - Revue juridique de l’Océan Indien
N2 - This chapter consists of three parts. In the first part, I will give a short overview about the integration of the protection of the environment into German constitutional law. This section will start with the presentation of the relevant provision, Art. 20a BL. Then, I will elaborate on its legal character. In the second part, I will make some brief remarks on the practical implications of Art. 20a BL. Finally, I will present some preliminary conclusions.
Y1 - 2021
UR - https://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-03328965
SN - 1630-6910
VL - 26
IS - 31
SP - 171
EP - 175
PB - Université de La Réunion
CY - Saint-Denis
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wendt, Martin
A1 - Bouche, Nicolas F.
A1 - Zabl, Johannes
A1 - Schroetter, Ilane
A1 - Muzahid, Sowgat
T1 - MusE GAs FLOw and Wind V. The dust/metallicity-anisotropy of the circum-galactic medium
JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
N2 - We investigate whether the dust content of the circum-galactic medium (CGM) depends on the location of the quasar sightline with respect to the galaxy major-axis using 13 galaxy-Mg II absorber pairs (9-81 kpc distance) from the MusE GAs FLOw and Wind (MEGAFLOW) survey at 0.4 < z < 1.4. The dust content of the CGM is obtained from [Zn/Fe] using ultraviolet and visual echelle spectrograph data. When a direct measurement of [Zn/Fe] is unavailable, we estimate the dust depletion from a method that consists in solving for the depletion from multiple singly ionized ions (e.g. Mn II, Cr II, and Zn II) since each ion depletes on dust grains at different rates. We find a positive correlation between the azimuthal angle and [Zn/Fe] with a Pearson's gamma = 0.70 +/- 0.14. The sightlines along the major axis show [Zn/Fe] < 0.5, whereas the [Zn/Fe] is > 0.8 along the minor axis. These results suggest that the CGM along the minor axis is on average more metal enriched (by approximate to 1 dex) than the gas located along the major axis of galaxies provided that dust depletion is a proxy for metallicity. This anisotropic distribution is consistent with recent results on outflow and accretion in hydro-dynamical simulations.
KW - galaxies: evolution
KW - galaxies: formation
KW - intergalactic medium
KW - quasars:
KW - absorption lines
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab049
SN - 0035-8711
SN - 1365-2966
VL - 502
IS - 3
SP - 3733
EP - 3745
PB - Oxford Univ. Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wendt, Martin
A1 - Senftleben, Nele
A1 - Gros, Patrick
A1 - Schmitt, Thomas
T1 - Coping with environmental extremes
BT - population ecology and behavioural adaptation of Erebia pronoe, an Alpine butterfly species
JF - Insects : open access journal
N2 - Simple Summary:& nbsp;High alpine meadows are home to numerous endemic butterfly species. A combination of climate change and changes in agricultural practices has led to a severe decline in many species. A seemingly unaffected representative of this habitat is Erebia pronoe. We studied the behaviour, resource use and population structure of this species to explain its resilience and estimate its future survival potential. This species shows pronounced protandry in combination with serial eclosion. Males were significantly more active and mobile and were also caught significantly more often than females, resulting in a pronounced shift in sex ratio in the predicted population structure. The adults use a wide range of nectar plants and establish homeranges in areas of high habitat quality. Thus, Erebia pronoe adults use a wide array of resources combined with a slight specialisation to avoid niche overlap with closely related species. The resulting ecological flexibility seems to be an adaptation to unpredictable environmental conditions, which should be the result of a long-lasting adaptation process. Moreover, the combination of opportunism and modest specialisation should also be a good basis for coping with future changes caused by climate and land-use change.
A mark-recapture study of the nominotypical Erebia pronoe in the Alps was conducted to survey its ecological demands and characteristics. Population structure analysis revealed a combination of protandry (one-week earlier eclosion of males) and serial eclosion. Significant differences between both sexes were found in population density (males: 580/ha & PLUSMN; 37 SE; females: 241/ha & PLUSMN; 66 SE), sex-ratio (2.4) and behaviour (57.7 vs. 11.9% flying). Both sexes used a wide range of nectar plants (Asteraceae, 77.3%; Dipsacaceae, 12.3%; Gentianaceae, 9.7%). The use of nectar plants shows a non-specific spectrum, which, however, completely avoids overlap with the locally co-occurring species Erebia nivalis. Movement patterns show the establishment of homeranges, which significantly limits the migration potential. Due to its broad ecological niche, E. pronoe will probably be able to react plastically to the consequences of climate change. The formation of high population densities, the unconcerned endangerment status, the unspecific resource spectrum and the sedentary character of the species make E. pronoe a potential indicator of the quality and general resource occurrence of alpine rupicolous grasslands.
KW - mark-release-recapture
KW - movement patterns
KW - opportunistic behaviour
KW - partial protandry
KW - population demography
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12100896
SN - 2075-4450
VL - 12
IS - 10
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Werfelli, Hanen
A1 - Hammami, Raouf
A1 - Selmi, Mohamed Amine
A1 - Selmi, Walid
A1 - Gabrilo, Goran
A1 - Clark, Cain C. T.
A1 - Duncan, Michael
A1 - Sekulic, Damir
A1 - Granacher, Urs
A1 - Rebai, Haithem
T1 - Acute Effects of Different Plyometric and Strength Exercises on Balance Performance in Youth Weightlifters
JF - Frontiers in Physiology
N2 - Background: High-intensity muscle actions have the potential to temporarily improve the performance which has been denoted as postactivation performance enhancement.
Objectives: This study determined the acute effects of different stretch-shortening (fast vs. low) and strength (dynamic vs. isometric) exercises executed during one training session on subsequent balance performance in youth weightlifters.
Materials and Methods: Sixteen male and female young weightlifters, aged 11.3±0.6years, performed four strength exercise conditions in randomized order, including dynamic strength (DYN; 3 sets of 3 repetitions of 10 RM) and isometric strength exercises (ISOM; 3 sets of maintaining 3s of 10 RM of back-squat), as well as fast (FSSC; 3 sets of 3 repetitions of 20-cm drop-jumps) and slow (SSSC; 3 sets of 3 hurdle jumps over a 20-cm obstacle) stretch-shortening cycle protocols. Balance performance was tested before and after each of the four exercise conditions in bipedal stance on an unstable surface (i.e., BOSU ball with flat side facing up) using two dependent variables, i.e., center of pressure surface area (CoP SA) and velocity (CoP V).
Results: There was a significant effect of time on CoP SA and CoP V [F(1,60)=54.37, d=1.88, p<0.0001; F(1,60)=9.07, d=0.77, p=0.003]. In addition, a statistically significant effect of condition on CoP SA and CoP V [F(3,60)=11.81, d=1.53, p<0.0001; F(3,60)=7.36, d=1.21, p=0.0003] was observed. Statistically significant condition-by-time interactions were found for the balance parameters CoP SA (p<0.003, d=0.54) and CoP V (p<0.002, d=0.70). Specific to contrast analysis, all specified hypotheses were tested and demonstrated that FSSC yielded significantly greater improvements than all other conditions in CoP SA and CoP V [p<0.0001 (d=1.55); p=0.0004 (d=1.19), respectively]. In addition, FSSC yielded significantly greater improvements compared with the two conditions for both balance parameters [p<0.0001 (d=2.03); p<0.0001 (d=1.45)].
Conclusion: Fast stretch-shortening cycle exercises appear to be more effective to improve short-term balance performance in young weightlifters. Due to the importance of balance for overall competitive achievement in weightlifting, it is recommended that young weightlifters implement dynamic plyometric exercises in the fast stretch-shortening cycle during the warm-up to improve their balance performance.
KW - postural stability
KW - conditioning exercise
KW - adolescents
KW - performance
KW - weightlifting
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.716981
SN - 1664-042X
VL - 12
PB - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Werhahn, Maria
A1 - Pfrommer, Christoph
A1 - Girichidis, Philipp
T1 - Cosmic rays and non-thermal emission in simulated galaxies - III. Probing cosmic-ray calorimetry with radio spectra and the FIR-radio correlation
JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
N2 - An extinction-free estimator of the star formation rate (SFR) of galaxies is critical for understanding the high-redshift universe. To this end, the nearly linear, tight correlation of far-infrared (FIR), and radio luminosity of star-forming galaxies is widely used. While the FIR is linked to massive star formation, which also generates shock-accelerated cosmic-ray (CR) electrons and radio synchrotron emission, a detailed understanding of the underlying physics is still lacking. Hence, we perform three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations of isolated galaxies over a broad range of halo masses and SFRs using the moving-mesh code AREPO, and evolve the CR proton energy density self-consistently. In post-processing, we calculate the steady-state spectra of primary, shock-accelerated and secondary CR electrons, which result from hadronic CR proton interactions with the interstellar medium. The resulting total radio luminosities correlate with the FIR luminosities as observed and are dominated by primary CR electrons if we account for anisotropic CR diffusion. The increasing contribution of secondary emission up to 30 per cent in starbursts is compensated by the larger bremsstrahlung and Coulomb losses. CR electrons are in the calorimetric limit and lose most of their energy through inverse Compton interactions with star light and cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons while less energy is converted into synchrotron emission. This implies steep steady-state synchrotron spectra in starbursts. Interestingly, we find that thermal free-free emission flattens the total radio spectra at high radio frequencies and reconciles calorimetric theory with observations while free-free absorption explains the observed low-frequency flattening towards the central regions of starbursts.
KW - MHD
KW - methods: numerical
KW - cosmic rays
KW - galaxies: magnetic fields
KW - galaxies: starburst
KW - radio continuum: galaxies
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2535
SN - 0035-8711
SN - 1365-2966
VL - 508
IS - 3
SP - 4072
EP - 4095
PB - Oxford Univ. Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Werhahn, Maria
A1 - Pfrommer, Christoph
A1 - Girichidis, Philipp
A1 - Puchwein, Ewald
A1 - Pakmor, Rüdiger
T1 - Cosmic rays and non-thermal emission in simulated galaxies
BT - I. Electron and proton spectra compared to Voyager-1 data
JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
N2 - Current-day cosmic ray (CR) propagation studies use static Milky Way models and fit parametrized source distributions to data. Instead, we use three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of isolated galaxies with the moving-mesh code arepo that self-consistently accounts for hydrodynamic effects of CR protons. In post-processing, we calculate their steady-state spectra, taking into account all relevant loss processes. We show that this steady-state assumption is well justified in the disc and generally for regions that emit non-thermal radio and gamma rays. Additionally, we model the spectra of primary electrons, accelerated by supernova remnants, and secondary electrons and positrons produced in hadronic CR proton interactions with the gas. We find that proton spectra above 10 GeV only weakly depend on galactic radius, while they acquire a radial dependence at lower energies due to Coulomb interactions. Radiative losses steepen the spectra of primary CR electrons in the central galactic regions, while diffusive losses dominate in the outskirts. Secondary electrons exhibit a steeper spectrum than primaries because they originate from the transported steeper CR proton spectra. Consistent with Voyager-1 and AMS-02 data, our models (i) show a turnover of proton spectra below GeV energies due to Coulomb interactions so that electrons start to dominate the total particle spectra and (ii) match the shape of the positron fraction up to 10 GeV. We conclude that our steady-state CR modelling in MHD CR galaxy simulations is sufficiently realistic to capture the dominant transport effects shaping their spectra, arguing for a full MHD treatment to accurately model CR transport in the future.
KW - astroparticle physics
KW - MHD
KW - methods: numerical
KW - cosmic rays
KW - local
KW - interstellar matter
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1324
SN - 0035-8711
SN - 1365-2966
VL - 505
IS - 3
SP - 3273
EP - 3294
PB - Oxford University Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wessig, Pablo
A1 - Krebs, Saskia
T1 - N-aroylsulfonamide-photofragmentation (ASAP)
BT - a versatile route to biaryls
JF - European journal of organic chemistry
N2 - The photochemical fragmentation of N-aroylsulfonamides 9 (ASAP) is a powerful method for the preparation of various biaryls. Compounds 9 are easily accessible in two steps from amines by treatment with arenesulfonyl chlorides and aroyl chlorides. Many of these compounds were prepared for the first time. The irradiation takes place in a previously developed continuous-flow reactor using inexpensive UVB or UVC fluorescent lamps. Isocyanates and sulphur dioxide are formed as the only by-products. The ASAP tolerates a variety of functional groups and is even suited for the preparation of phenylnaphthalenes and terphenyls. The ASAP mechanism was elucidated by interaction of photophysical and quantum chemical (DFT) methods and revealed a spirocyclic biradical as key intermediate.
KW - Biaryls
KW - Fragmentation
KW - Isocyanates
KW - Photochemistry
KW - Sulfonamides
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202100955
SN - 1434-193X
SN - 1099-0690
VL - 2021
IS - 46
SP - 6367
EP - 6374
PB - Wiley-VCH
CY - Weinheim
ER -