TY - JOUR A1 - Garcia, A. L. A1 - Steiniger, J. A1 - Reich, S. C. A1 - Weickert, M. O. A1 - Harsch, I. A1 - Machowetz, A. A1 - Mohlig, M. A1 - Spranger, Joachim A1 - Rudovich, N. N. A1 - Meuser, F. A1 - Doerfer, J. A1 - Katz, N. A1 - Speth, M. A1 - Zunft, Hans-Joachim Franz A1 - Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H. A1 - Koebnick, Corinna T1 - Arabinoxylan fibre consumption improved glucose metabolism, but did not affect serum adipokines in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance JF - Hormone and metabolic research N2 - The consumption of arabinoxylan, a soluble fibre fraction, has been shown to improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetic subjects. Soluble dietary fibre may modulate gastrointestinal or adipose tissue hormones regulating food intake. The present study investigated the effects of arabinoxylan consumption on serum glucose, insulin, lipids, leptin, adiponectin and resistin in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. In a randomized, single-blind, controlled, crossover intervention trial, 11 adults consumed white bread rolls as either placebo or supplemented with 15g arabinoxylan for 6 weeks with a 6-week washout period. Fasting serum glucose, insulin, triglycerides, unesterified fatty acids, apolipoprotein A1 and B, adiponectin, resistin and leptin were assessed before and after intervention. Fasting serum glucose, serum triglycerides and apolipoprotein A-1 were significantly lower during arabinoxylan consumption compared to placebo (p = 0.029, p = 0.047; p = 0.029, respectively). No effects of arabinoxylan were observed for insulin, adiponectin, leptin and resistin as well as for apolipoprotein B, and unesterified fatty acids. In conclusion, the consumption of AX in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance improved fasting serum glucose, and triglycerides. However, this beneficial effect was not accompanied by changes in fasting adipokine concentrations. KW - dietary fibre KW - arabinoxylan KW - adiponectin KW - resistin KW - leptin Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-955089 SN - 0018-5043 VL - 38 IS - 2 SP - 761 EP - 766 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Garcia, Ada Lizbeth A1 - Raila, Jens A1 - Koebnick, Corinna A1 - Eulenberger, Klaus A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. T1 - Great apes show highly selective plasma carotenoids and have physiologically high plasma retinyl esters compared to humans JF - American journal of physical anthropology N2 - Great apes are the closest living relatives of humans. Physiological similarities between great apes and humans provide clues to identify which biological features in humans are primitive or derived from great apes. Vitamin A (VA) and carotenoid metabolism have been only partially studied in great apes, and comparisons between great apes and humans are not available. We aimed to investigate VA and carotenoid intake and plasma concentrations in great apes living in captivity, and to compare them to healthy humans. Dietary intakes of humans (n = 20) and, among the great apes, chimpanzees (n = 15) and orangutans (n = 5) were calculated. Plasma retinol (ROH), retinol-binding protein (RBP), retinyl esters, and major carotenoids were analyzed. The great ape diet was higher in VA than in humans, due to high intake of provitamin A carotenoids. Plasma ROH concentrations in great apes were similar to those in humans, but retinyl esters were higher in great apes than in humans. Differences in plasma carotenoid concentrations were observed between great apes and humans. Lutein was the main carotenoid in great apes, while P-carotene was the main carotenoid for humans. RBP concentrations did not differ between great apes and humans. The molar ratio of ROH to RBP was close to 1.0 in both great apes and humans. In conclusion, great apes show homeostatic ROH regulation, with high but physiological retinyl esters circulating in plasma. Furthermore, great apes show great selectivity in their plasmatic carotenoid concentration, which is not explained by dietary intake. KW - vitamin A KW - diet KW - retinol-binding protein KW - chimpanzee KW - orangutan Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20428 SN - 0002-9483 VL - 131 IS - 2 SP - 236 EP - 242 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Garcia, Ada A1 - Wagner, Karen A1 - Einig, Christiana A1 - Trippo, Ulrike A1 - Koebnick, Corinna A1 - Zunft, Hans-Joachim Franz T1 - Evaluation of body fat changes during weight loss by using improved anthropometric predictive equations N2 - Background/Aim: Skinfold-based equations are widely used to evaluate body fat (BF), but over-/underestimation is often reported. We evaluate the capacity of improved skinfold-based equations to estimate BF changes during weight reduction and compare them against well-established equations. Methods: Overweight adults (n = 44) participated in a 4- month weight reduction intervention. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and anthropometric measurements were taken at baseline and after intervention. The BF% was calculated using Garcia, Peterson, and Durnin and Womersley (DW) equations. Results: Baseline and postintervention BF% measured by DXA correlated highest with BF% predicted according to Garcia (r = 0.934 and r = 0.948, respectively), followed by Peterson (r = 0.941 and r = 0.932, respectively) and DW (r = 0.557 and r = 0.402, respectively); only a slight systematic error in overestimating the BF% was observed in estimates according to Garcia (r = 0.147 and r = 0.104, respectively; p < 0.001), while increasing errors occurred using the Peterson (r = 0.624 and r = 0.712, respectively; p < 0.001) and DW (r = 0.767 and r = 0.769, respectively; p < 0.001) equations. Moderate correlations between BF changes (kg) measured by DXA and predicted by DW (r = 0.7211), Peterson (r = 0.697), and Garcia (r = 0.645) were observed. Conclusion: Improved skin-fold equations cannot accurately measure changes in BF after weight reduction Y1 - 2006 UR - http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=JournalHome&ProduktNr=223977 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1159/000092601 SN - 0250-6807 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simchen, U A1 - Koebnick, Corinna A1 - Hoyer, Stephan W. A1 - Issanchou, S A1 - Zunft, Hans-Joachim Franz T1 - Odour and taste sensitivity is associated with body weight and extent of misreporting of body weight N2 - Background: Sensory factors are important determinants of appetite and food choices but little is known about the relationship between body weight and sensory capabilities. Objective: To investigate the relationship between measured body weights, misreporting of body weight and sensory capabilities. Design: In a cross-sectional sensory study, body weight was assessed by measured and self-reported body weight in healthy men ( n = 130) and women ( n = 181). Sensory capabilities were assessed as odour detection and identification, and detection for salty, sweet, sour and bitter taste. Results: Odour detection, odour identification and taste perception scores were lower in subjects with a BMI >= 28 kg/m(2) than in subjects with a BMI < 28 kg/m(2) in the age group < 65 years whereas in subjects >= 65 years scores were higher in subjects with a BMI >= 28 kg/m(2) than in subjects with a BMI < 28 kg/m(2) ( BMI*age group: P = 0.015, 0.053 and 0.015, respectively). Independent of age, scores were highest in under reporters of body weight ( P = 0.008, 0.001 and 0.017). Differences in taste perception could be attributed to sour ( P 0.015) and bitter ( P = 0.026) perception, but not to salty or sweet perception. Conclusion: Relationship between sensory capabilities and body mass is age dependent. Compared to overweight subjects, the sensory capabilities of normal weight individuals appear to be higher ( < 65 years) and lower ( >= 65 years). At any age, however, subjects who under reported their body weight show higher sensory capabilities Y1 - 2006 ER -