TY  - JOUR
A1  - Crozet, Matthieu
A1  - Hinz, Julian
A1  - Stammann, Amrei
A1  - Wanner, Joschka
T1  - Worth the pain?
BT  - firms’ exporting behaviour to countries under sanctions
JF  - European economic review
N2  - How do exporting firms react to sanctions? Specifically, which firms are willing — or capable — to serve the market of a sanctioned country? We investigate this question for four sanctions episodes using monthly data on the universe of French exporting firms. We draw on recent econometric advances in the estimation of dynamic fixed effects binary choice models. We find that the introduction of new sanctions in Iran and Russia significantly lowered firm-level probabilities of serving these sanctioned markets, while the (temporary) lifting of the U.S. sanctions on Cuba and the removal of sanctions against Myanmar had no or only small trade-inducing effects, respectively. Additionally, the impact of sanctions is very heterogeneous along firm dimensions and by case particularities. Firms that depend more on trade finance instruments are more strongly affected, while prior experience in the sanctioned country considerably softens the blow of sanctions, and firms can be partly immune to the sanctions effect if they are specialized in serving “crisis countries”. Finally, we find suggestive evidence for sanctions avoidance by exporting indirectly via neighboring countries.
KW  - sanctions
KW  - trade
KW  - foreign policy
KW  - extensive margin
KW  - firm behaviour
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103683
SN  - 0014-2921
SN  - 1873-572X
VL  - 134
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heisig, Johannes
T1  - Die Putin-Medwedjew-Rochade
JF  - WeltTrends : Zeitschrift für internationale Politik
N2  - Die Globalisierung Russlands wird durch Rohstoffexporte und hohe Investitionen des Westens in den russischen Energiesektor vorangetrieben. Gleichzeitig festigt sich ein hybrides politisches System mit sowohl autoritären als auch demokratischen Elementen. Soll Russland ein zuverlässlicher Partner des Westens bleiben, müssen die russischen Interessen sowie die neue außenpolitische Stärke berücksichtigt werden.
KW  - Russland
KW  - Außenpolitik
KW  - NATO
KW  - Russia
KW  - foreign policy
KW  - NATO
Y1  - 2008
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-21772
SN  - 0944-8101
VL  - 60
SP  - 41
EP  - 52
ER  -