TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brenner, Leon S.
T1  - The autistic mirror in the real
BT  - Autism in Lacan’s mirror stage
JF  - Theory & psychology
N2  - The mirror stage is one of Jacques Lacan's most well-received metapsychological models in the English-speaking world. In its many renditions Lacan elucidates the different forms of identification that lead to the construction of the Freudian ego. This article utilizes Lacan's mirror stage to provide a novel perspective on autistic embodiment. It develops an integrative model that accounts for the progression of four distinct forms of autistic identification in the mirror stage; these forms provide the basis for the development of four different clinical trajectories in the treatment of autism. This model is posed as an alternative to the clinical and diagnostic framework associated with the autistic spectrum disorder.
KW  - autism
KW  - Lacan
KW  - mirror stage
KW  - psychoanalysis
KW  - theory
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/09593543211034569
SN  - 0959-3543
SN  - 1461-7447
VL  - 31
IS  - 6
SP  - 950
EP  - 972
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schneider, Jan Niklas
A1  - Brick, Timothy R.
A1  - Dziobek, Isabel
T1  - Distance to the neutral face predicts arousal ratings of dynamic facial expressions in individuals with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Arousal is one of the dimensions of core affect and frequently used to describe experienced or observed emotional states. While arousal ratings of facial expressions are collected in many studies it is not well understood how arousal is displayed in or interpreted from facial expressions. In the context of socioemotional disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, this poses the question of a differential use of facial information for arousal perception. In this study, we demonstrate how automated face-tracking tools can be used to extract predictors of arousal judgments. We find moderate to strong correlations among all measures of static information on one hand and all measures of dynamic information on the other. Based on these results, we tested two measures, average distance to the neutral face and average facial movement speed, within and between neurotypical individuals (N = 401) and individuals with autism (N = 19). Distance to the neutral face was predictive of arousal in both groups. Lower mean arousal ratings were found for the autistic group, but no difference in correlation of the measures and arousal ratings could be found between groups. Results were replicated in an high autistic traits group. The findings suggest a qualitatively similar perception of arousal for individuals with and without autism. No correlations between valence ratings and any of the measures could be found, emphasizing the specificity of our tested measures. Distance and speed predictors share variability and thus speed should not be discarded as a predictor of arousal ratings.
KW  - arousal
KW  - face tracking
KW  - facial expression
KW  - autism
KW  - perception
KW  - perception differences
KW  - measure development
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577494
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 11
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  -