TY - JOUR A1 - Stadion, Mandy A1 - Schürmann, Annette T1 - Intermittierendes Fasten BT - was gibt es Neues aus der Wissenschaft? BT - what’s new from science? JF - Der Diabetologe N2 - Obesity increases the risk of metabolic disorders and can lead to type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the treatment and prevention of obesity represent important medical challenges. Increased physical activity and a reduction in daily caloric intake of 25-30% are often recommended. Another possibility is intermittent fasting, by limiting dietary caloric content over certain times, i.e. one or more days a week or for more than 14 h a day. Animal and human studies provide evidence that intermittent fasting in obesity leads to a reduction in body fat mass as well as to improvements of metabolic parameters and insulin sensitivity. These positive effects are mediated not only by the decrease in body mass, but also by the activation of metabolic pathways and cellular processes that are specific for fasting conditions. In this article, we describe the current knowledge about the mechanisms induced by intermittent fasting and present results from randomized controlled human trials. N2 - Übergewicht und Adipositas erhöhen die Risiken für Stoffwechselstörungen und können zu einem Typ-2-Diabetes führen. Deshalb stellen die Behandlung und Prävention von Fettleibigkeit eine große medizinische Herausforderung dar. Häufig werden eine erhöhte körperliche Aktivität und die Reduktion der täglichen Kalorienaufnahme um 25–30 % angeraten. Eine andere Möglichkeit bietet intermittierendes Fasten, also eine Kalorieneinschränkung über bestimmte Zeiten, d. h. an einem oder mehreren Tagen pro Woche oder über mehr als 14 h pro Tag. Tier- und Humanstudien lieferten Hinweise darauf, dass intermittierendes Fasten bei Adipositas zu einer Verringerung der Körperfettmasse sowie zu Verbesserungen der Stoffwechselparameter und der Insulinsensitivität führt. Diese positiven Effekte werden nicht nur allein durch die Abnahme der Körpermasse, sondern auch durch die Aktivierung von Stoffwechselwegen und zellulären Prozessen ausgelöst, die für Fastenbedingungen spezifisch sind. In diesem Artikel beschreiben wir die derzeit bekannten Mechanismen, die durch intermittierendes Fasten induziert werden, und stellen Ergebnisse aus randomisierten kontrollierten Studien am Menschen vor. T2 - Intermittent fasting KW - Glucose metabolism disorders KW - Lipid metabolism KW - Insulin sensitivity KW - Energy metabolism KW - Circadian rhythm KW - Glukosestoffwechselstörungen KW - Fettstoffwechsel KW - Insulinsensitivität KW - Energiestoffwechsel KW - Zirkadianer Rhythmus Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-020-00666-z SN - 1860-9716 SN - 1860-9724 VL - 16 IS - 7 SP - 641 EP - 646 PB - Springer Medizin CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paslakis, Georgios A1 - Buchmann, Arlette F. A1 - Westphal, Sabine A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Hohm, Erika A1 - Zimmermann, Ulrich S. A1 - Laucht, Manfred A1 - Deuschle, Michael T1 - Intrauterine exposure to cigarette smoke is associated with increased ghrelin concentrations in adulthood JF - Neuroendocrinology : international journal for basic and clinical studies on neuroendocrine relationships N2 - Background: The appetite-stimulating hormone ghrelin is a fundamental regulator of human energy metabolism. A series of studies support the notion that long-term appetite and weight regulation may be already programmed in early life and it could be demonstrated that the intrauterine environment affects the ghrelin system of the offspring. Animal studies have also shown that intrauterine programming of orexigenic systems persists even until adolescence/adulthood. Methods: We hypothesized that plasma ghrelin concentrations in adulthood may be associated with the intrauterine exposure to cigarette smoke. We examined this hypothesis in a sample of 19-year-olds followed up since birth in the framework of the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing epidemiological cohort study of the long-term outcome of early risk factors. Results: As a main finding, we found that ghrelin plasma concentrations in young adults who had been exposed to cigarette smoke in utero were significantly higher than in those without prenatal smoke exposure. Moreover, individuals with intrauterine nicotine exposure showed a significantly higher prevalence of own smoking habits and lower educational status compared to those in the group without exposure. Conclusion: Smoking during pregnancy may be considered as an adverse intrauterine influence that may alter the endocrine-metabolic status of the offspring even until early adulthood. KW - Cigarette smoke KW - Depression KW - Energy metabolism KW - Epigenetics KW - Ghrelin KW - Intrauterine exposure KW - Nicotine Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1159/000363325 SN - 0028-3835 SN - 1423-0194 VL - 99 IS - 2 SP - 123 EP - 129 PB - Karger CY - Basel ER -