TY - JOUR A1 - Schaefer, Laura A1 - Dech, Silas A1 - Bittmann, Frank T1 - Adaptive force and emotionally related imaginations BT - Preliminary results suggest a reduction of the maximal holding capacity as reaction to disgusting food imagination JF - Heliyon N2 - The link between emotions and motor control has been discussed for years. The measurement of the Adaptive Force (AF) provides the possibility to get insights into the adaptive control of the neuromuscular system in reaction to external forces. It was hypothesized that the holding isometric AF is especially vulnerable to disturbing inputs. Here, the behavior of the AF under the influence of positive (tasty) vs. negative (disgusting) food imaginations was investigated. The AF was examined in n = 12 cases using an objectified manual muscle test of the hip flexors, elbow flexors or pectoralis major muscle, performed by one of two experienced testers while the participants imagined their most tasty or most disgusting food. The reaction force and the limb position were measured by a handheld device. While the slope of force rises and the maximal AF did not differ significantly between tasty and disgusting imaginations (p > 0.05), the maximal isometric AF was significantly lower and the AF at the onset of oscillations was significantly higher under disgusting vs. tasty imaginations (both p = 0.001). A proper length tension control of muscles seems to be a crucial functional parameter of the neuromuscular system which can be impaired instantaneously by emotionally related negative imaginations. This might be a potential approach to evaluate somatic reactions to emotions. KW - Adaptive Force KW - Isometric Adaptive Force KW - Holding capacity KW - Holding KW - isometric muscle action KW - Imaginations KW - Emotions KW - Motor control KW - Functional weakness KW - Manual muscle test Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07827 SN - 2405-8440 VL - 7 IS - 8 PB - Elsevier CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, Tilo A1 - Möller, Ingrid A1 - Krause, Christina T1 - Factors underlying male and female use of violent video games JF - New media & society N2 - Research has consistently shown that males play violent video games more frequently than females, but factors underlying this gender gap have not been examined to date. This approach examines the assumption that males play violent video games more because they anticipate more enjoyment and less guilt from engaging in virtual violence than females. This may be because males are less empathetic, tend to morally justify physical violence more and have a greater need for sensation and aggression in video game play than females. Results of a path model based on survey data of 444 respondents and using multi-step multiple mediation analyses confirm these assumptions. Taken together, the findings of this study shed further light on the gender gap in violent video game use. KW - Emotions KW - enjoyment KW - gender KW - guilt KW - media choice KW - media use KW - moral disengagement KW - selective exposure KW - video games KW - violence Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814533067 SN - 1461-4448 SN - 1461-7315 VL - 17 IS - 11 SP - 1777 EP - 1794 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herbert, Beate M. A1 - Pollatos, Olga T1 - The body in the mind On the relationship between interoception and embodiment JF - Topics in cognitive science N2 - The processing, representation, and perception of bodily signals (interoception) plays an important role for human behavior. Theories of embodied cognition hold that higher cognitive processes operate on perceptual symbols and that concept use involves reactivations of the sensory-motor states that occur during experience with the world. Similarly, activation of interoceptive representations and meta-representations of bodily signals supporting interoceptive awareness are profoundly associated with emotional experience and cognitive functions. This article gives an overview over present findings and models on interoception and mechanisms of embodiment and highlights its relevance for disorders that are suggested to represent a translation deficit of bodily states into subjective feelings and self-awareness. KW - Interoception KW - Interoceptive awareness KW - Emotions KW - Time perception KW - Disturbances of embodiment KW - Alexithymia KW - Eating disorder KW - Self Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2012.01189.x SN - 1756-8757 VL - 4 IS - 4 SP - 692 EP - 704 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pollatos, Olga A1 - Gramann, Klaus T1 - Electrophysiological evidence of early processing deficits in alexithymia JF - Biological psychology N2 - Alexithymia describes difficulties to identify and describe one's emotions. Previous research focused on difficulties associated with the later processing stages of appraisal in alexithymia. We tested whether early processing deficits are apparent in alexithymic persons and whether these abnormalities contribute to later processing difficulties. 20 participants were selected and identified as either having high (HDA) or low (LDA) degrees of alexithymia. IAPS pictures were presented while EEG was recorded. For HDA subjects processing of emotional pictures was accompanied by reduced P1 amplitudes most pronounced for pleasant and neutral pictures. In response to unpleasant pictures the P3 amplitudes were reduced. These amplitude modulations were predicted only by one alexithymia facet. P1 amplitudes systematically covaried with P3 amplitudes supporting the assumption that deficits in early emotional processing contribute to later processing deficits. KW - Evoked potentials KW - Emotions KW - Alexithymia KW - Perceived arousal KW - Unpleasant stimuli KW - IAPS Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.02.016 SN - 0301-0511 VL - 87 IS - 1 SP - 113 EP - 121 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER -