TY  - JOUR
A1  - Weitkunat, Karolin
A1  - Bishop, Christopher Allen
A1  - Wittmüss, Maria
A1  - Machate, Tina
A1  - Schifelbein, Tina
A1  - Schulze, Matthias Bernd
A1  - Klaus, Susanne
T1  - Effect of microbial status on hepatic odd-chain fatty acids is diet-dependent
JF  - Nutrients / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
N2  - Odd-chain fatty acids (OCFA) are inversely associated with type-2-diabetes in epidemiological studies. They are considered as a biomarker for dairy intake because fermentation in ruminants yields high amounts of propionate, which is used as the primer for lipogenesis. Recently, we demonstrated endogenous OCFA synthesis from propionate in humans and mice, but how this is affected by microbial colonization is still unexplored. Here, we investigated the effect of increasing microbiota complexity on hepatic lipid metabolism and OCFA levels in different dietary settings. Germ-free (GF), gnotobiotic (SIH, simplified human microbiota) or conventional (CONV) C3H/HeOuJ-mice were fed a CHOW or high-fat diet with inulin (HFI) to induce microbial fermentation. We found that hepatic lipogenesis was increased with increasing microbiota complexity, independently of diet. In contrast, OCFA formation was affected by diet as well as microbiota. On CHOW, hepatic OCFA and intestinal gluconeogenesis decreased with increasing microbiota complexity (GF > SIH > CONV), while cecal propionate showed a negative correlation with hepatic OCFA. On HFI, OCFA levels were highest in SIH and positively correlated with cecal propionate. The propionate content in the CHOW diet was 10 times higher than that of HFI. We conclude that bacterial propionate production affects hepatic OCFA formation, unless this effect is masked by dietary propionate intake.
KW  - pentadecanoic acid (C15:0)
KW  - heptadecanoic acid (C17:0)
KW  - type-2-diabetes
KW  - fatty acid synthesis
KW  - acetate
KW  - propionate
KW  - probiotics
KW  - gut microbiota
KW  - prebiotics
KW  - inulin
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051546
SN  - 2072-6643
VL  - 13
IS  - 5
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Haß, Ulrike
A1  - Herpich, Catrin
A1  - Norman, Kristina
T1  - Anti-Inflammatory Diets and Fatigue
JF  - Nutrients
N2  - Accumulating data indicates a link between a pro-inflammatory status and occurrence of chronic disease-related fatigue. The questions are whether the observed inflammatory profile can be (a) improved by anti-inflammatory diets, and (b) if this improvement can in turn be translated into a significant fatigue reduction. The aim of this narrative review was to investigate the effect of anti-inflammatory nutrients, foods, and diets on inflammatory markers and fatigue in various patient populations. Next to observational and epidemiological studies, a total of 21 human trials have been evaluated in this work. Current available research is indicative, rather than evident, regarding the effectiveness of individuals’ use of single nutrients with anti-inflammatory and fatigue-reducing effects. In contrast, clinical studies demonstrate that a balanced diet with whole grains high in fibers, polyphenol-rich vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acid-rich foods might be able to improve disease-related fatigue symptoms. Nonetheless, further research is needed to clarify conflicting results in the literature and substantiate the promising results from human trials on fatigue.
KW  - chronic fatigue
KW  - cancer
KW  - fatigue reduction diet
KW  - probiotics
KW  - polyphenols
KW  - omega-3 fatty acids
KW  - anti-inflammatory nutrition
KW  - cytokines
KW  - inflammation
KW  - myalgic encephalomyelitis
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102315
SN  - 2072-6643
VL  - 11
IS  - 10
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  -