TY - JOUR A1 - Luna, Lisa A1 - Korup, Oliver T1 - Seasonal landslide activity lags annual precipitation pattern in the Pacific Northwest JF - Geophysical research letters N2 - Seasonal variations in landslide activity remain understudied compared to recent advances in landslide early warning at hourly to daily timescales. Here, we learn the seasonal pattern of monthly landslide activity in the Pacific Northwest from five heterogeneous landslide inventories with differing spatial and temporal coverage and reporting protocols combined in a Bayesian multi-level model. We find that landslide activity is distinctly seasonal, with credible increases in landslide intensity, inter-annual variability, and probability marking the onset of the landslide season in November. Peaks in landslide probability in January and intensity in February lag the annual peak in mean monthly precipitation and landslide activity is more variable in winter than in summer, when landslides are rare. For a given monthly rainfall, landslide intensity at the season peak in February is up to 10 times higher than at the onset in November, underlining the importance of antecedent seasonal hillslope conditions. KW - landslide KW - seasonality KW - Pacific Northwest KW - Bayesian multi-level models KW - logistic regression KW - negative binomial regression Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098506 SN - 0094-8276 SN - 1944-8007 VL - 49 IS - 18 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lachmair, Martin A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Gerjets, Peter T1 - Action-control mappings of interfaces in virtual reality: a study of embodied interaction JF - Frontiers in virtual reality N2 - The development of interface technologies is driven by the goal of making interaction more positive through natural action-control mappings. In Virtual Reality (VR), the entire body is potentially involved for interaction, using such mappings with a maximum of degrees of freedom. The downside is the increase in interaction complexity, which can dramatically influence interface design. A cognitive perspective on detailed aspects of interaction patterns is lacking in common interface design guidelines, although it can be helpful to make this complexity controllable and, thus, make interaction behavior predictable. In the present study, the distinction between grounding, embodiment, and situatedness (the GES framework) is applied to organize aspects of interactions and to compare them with each other. In two experiments, zooming into or out of emotional pictures through changes of arm span was examined in VR. There are qualitatively different aspects during such an interaction: i) perceptual aspects caused by zooming are fundamental for human behavior (Grounding: closer objects appear bigger) and ii) aspects of gestures correspond to the physical characteristics of the agents (Embodiment: little distance of hands signals little or, in contrast, "creating more detail"). The GES-framework sets aspects of Grounding against aspects of Embodiment, thus allowing to predict human behavior regarding these qualitatively different aspects. For the zooming procedure, the study shows that Grounding can overrule Embodiment in interaction design. Thus, we propose GES as a cognitive framework that can help to inform interaction guidelines for user interface design in VR. KW - embodied interaction KW - grounded cognition KW - virtual reality KW - action-control mapping KW - zooming KW - valence KW - user interface KW - embodiment Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2022.976849 SN - 2673-4192 VL - 3 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ruszkiewicz, Joanna A1 - Papatheodorou, Ylea A1 - Jäck, Nathalie A1 - Melzig, Jasmin A1 - Eble, Franziska A1 - Pirker, Annika A1 - Thomann, Marius A1 - Haberer, Andreas A1 - Rothmiller, Simone A1 - Bürkle, Alexander A1 - Mangerich, Aswin T1 - NAD+ Acts as a protective factor in cellular stress response to DNA alkylating agents JF - Cells : open access journal N2 - Sulfur mustard (SM) and its derivatives are potent genotoxic agents, which have been shown to trigger the activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and the depletion of their substrate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). NAD+ is an essential molecule involved in numerous cellular pathways, including genome integrity and DNA repair, and thus, NAD+ supplementation might be beneficial for mitigating mustard-induced (geno)toxicity. In this study, the role of NAD+ depletion and elevation in the genotoxic stress response to SM derivatives, i.e., the monofunctional agent 2-chloroethyl-ethyl sulfide (CEES) and the crosslinking agent mechlorethamine (HN2), was investigated with the use of NAD+ booster nicotinamide riboside (NR) and NAD+ synthesis inhibitor FK866. The effects were analyzed in immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) or monocyte-like cell line THP-1. In HaCaT cells, NR supplementation, increased NAD+ levels, and elevated PAR response, however, did not affect ATP levels or DNA damage repair, nor did it attenuate long- and short-term cytotoxicities. On the other hand, the depletion of cellular NAD+ via FK866 sensitized HaCaT cells to genotoxic stress, particularly CEES exposure, whereas NR supplementation, by increasing cellular NAD+ levels, rescued the sensitizing FK866 effect. Intriguingly, in THP-1 cells, the NR-induced elevation of cellular NAD+ levels did attenuate toxicity of the mustard compounds, especially upon CEES exposure. Together, our results reveal that NAD+ is an important molecule in the pathomechanism of SM derivatives, exhibiting compound-specificity. Moreover, the cell line-dependent protective effects of NR are indicative of system-specificity of the application of this NAD+ booster. KW - nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide KW - NAD booster; KW - mustard agents KW - nicotinamide riboside KW - DNA damage KW - sulfur mustard KW - poly(ADP-ribosylation) KW - PARP Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12192396 SN - 2073-4409 VL - 12 IS - 19 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sagu Tchewonpi, Sorel A1 - Rawel, Harshadrai M. A1 - Rohn, Sascha T1 - Targeted bottom-up mass spectrometry approach for the relative quantification of post-translational modification of bovine κ-casein during milk fermentation JF - Molecules N2 - kappa-casein (kappa-CN) is one of the key components in bovine milk, playing a unique role in the structuration of casein micelles. It contains in its chemical structure up to sixteen amino acid residues (mainly serine and threonine) susceptible to modifications, including glycosylation and phosphorylation, which may further be formed during milk processing. In this study, changes in post-translational modification (PTM) of kappa-CN during bovine milk fermentation were investigated. One-to-five-day fermented milk samples were produced. A traditional bottom-up proteomics approach was used to establish a multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) method for relative quantification of kappa-CN PTM. Endoproteinase Glu-C was found to efficiently digest the kappa-CN molecule. The developed LC-MS method was validated by performing assessments of linearity, precision, repeatability, reproducibility, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). Among the yielded peptides, four of them containing serine and threonine residues were identified and the unmodified as well as the modified variants of each of them were relatively quantified. These peptides were (1) IPTINTIASGEPTSTTE ([140, 158]), (2) STVATLE ([162, 168]), (3) DSPE ([169, 172]), and (4) INTVQVTSTAV ([180, 190]). Distribution analysis between unmodified and modified peptides revealed that over 50% of kappa-CN was found in one of its modified forms in milk. The fermentation process further significantly altered the composition between unmodified/modified kappa-CN, with glycoslaytion being predominant compared to phosphorylation (p < 0.01). Further method development towards alpha and beta-CN fractions and their PTM behavior would be an asset to better understand the changes undergone by milk proteins and the micellar structure during fermentation. KW - bovine milk KW - fermentation KW - kappa-casein KW - post-translational modifications KW - glycosylation KW - phosphorylation KW - mass spectrometry Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27185834 SN - 1420-3049 VL - 27 IS - 18 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shlapunov, Alexander A. A1 - Tarchanov, Nikolaj Nikolaevič T1 - Inverse image of precompact sets and regular solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations JF - Vestnik Udmurtskogo Universiteta. Matematika, mechanika, kompʹjuternye nauki N2 - We consider the initial value problem for the Navier-Stokes equations over R-3 x [0, T] with time T > 0 in the spatially periodic setting. We prove that it induces open injective mappings A(s): B-1(s) -> B-2(s-1) where B-1(s), B-2(s-1) are elements from scales of specially constructed function spaces of Bochner-Sobolev typeparametrized with the smoothness index s is an element of N. Finally, we prove that a map Asis surjective if and only if the inverse image A(s)(- 1) (K) of any pre compact set K from the range of the map Asis bounded in the Bochner space L-s([0, T], L-r(T-3))with the Ladyzhenskaya-Prodi-Serrin numbers s, r. KW - Navier-Stokes equations KW - regular solutions Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.35634/vm220208 SN - 1994-9197 SN - 2076-5959 VL - 32 IS - 2 SP - 278 EP - 297 PB - Udmurtskij gosudarstvennyj universitet CY - Iževsk ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steinrötter, Björn A1 - Schauer, Lina Marie T1 - Lauterkeitsrechtliche Behandlung von Dark Patterns JF - Wettbewerb in Recht und Praxis N2 - Online-Nutzer begegnen regelmäßig unterschwelligen manipulativen Designstrategien von Anbietern digitaler Produkte, welche sie zu rechtsgeschäftlich relevanten Entscheidungen bewegen sollen, die sie womöglich nicht - oder zumindest nicht so - beabsichtigt haben. Man spricht in diesem Zusammenhang von (vielgestaltig denkbaren) „Dark Patterns“ (dt. „dunkle Muster“). Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, inwiefern diese insbesondere lauterkeitsrechtlich zulässig sind. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.juris.de/r3/document/jzs-WRP-2024-08-002-873 SN - 0172-049X SN - 1435-3059 VL - 38 IS - 8 SP - 873 EP - 882 PB - Deutscher Fachverlag CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lück, Erika A1 - Guillemoteau, Julien A1 - Tronicke, Jens A1 - Rummel, Udo A1 - Hierold, Wilfried T1 - From point to field scale-indirect monitoring of soil moisture variations at the DWD test site in Falkenberg JF - Geoderma : an international journal of soil science N2 - Information regarding the spatial distribution of soil water content is key in many disciplines and applications including soil and atmospheric sciences, hydrology, and agricultural engineering. Thus, within the past decades various experimental methods and strategies have been developed to map spatial variations in soil moisture distribution and to monitor temporal changes. Our study examines the combination of electrical resistivity mapping and point observations of soil moisture to infer the spatial and the temporal variability of soil moisture. Over a period of around two years, we performed field measurements on six days to collect repeated electrical resistivity mapping data for a nine-hectare test site south-east of Berlin, Germany. Permanently installed TDR probes, temporary TDR measurements within permanently installed tubes, and gravimetric measurements using soil samples provided soil moisture data at various selected points. In addition, soil analysis and classification results are available for 132 regularly distributed positions up to depths of 1.2 m. We compare and link three-dimensional resistivity models obtained via data inversion to soil composition and soil moisture as provided by our point data. Both the soil samples and the resistivity models indicate a two-layer medium characterized by a sandy top layer with varying thickness and a loamy bottom soil. For all six field campaigns, we observe similar resistivity patterns reflecting the temporally stable influence of soil texture. While the overall patterns are stable, the range of resistivity values changes with soil moisture. Finally, to estimate spatial models of soil moisture, we link our soil moisture and resistivity data using empirical petrophysical models relying on a second order polynomial function. We observe a mean prediction error for soil moisture of +/-0.034 m3 & BULL; m? 3 using all observation points while we notice that point-specific models further reduce the error. Thus, we conclude that our experimental and data analysis strategies represent a reliable approach to establish site-specific models and to estimate three-dimensional moisture distribution including temporal variations. KW - earth boundary layer KW - electrical conductivity KW - electrical resistivity KW - near-surface geophysics KW - soil moisture at field scale Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116134 SN - 0016-7061 SN - 1872-6259 VL - 427 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stein, Lina A1 - Mukkavilli, Surya Karthik A1 - Wagener, Thorsten T1 - Lifelines for a drowning science - improving findability and synthesis of hydrologic publications JF - Hydrological processes N2 - Increasing publication numbers make it difficult to keep up with knowledge evolution in a science like hydrology. Here we give recommendations to authors and journals for writing future-proof articles that contribute to knowledge accumulation and synthesis. KW - findability KW - hydrology KW - knowledge synthesis KW - natural language processing KW - scholarly publishing KW - text mining Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14742 SN - 0885-6087 SN - 1099-1085 VL - 36 IS - 11 PB - Wiley CY - New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pasechnik, Sergey V. A1 - Shmeleva, Dina A1 - Saidgaziev, Ayvr Sh. A1 - Kharlamov, Semen A1 - Vasilieva, Aleksandra A. A1 - Santer, Svetlana T1 - Shear flows induced by electro-osmotic pumps in optofluidic liquid crystal cell for modulation of visible light and THz irradiation JF - Liquid Crystals and their Application : Russian Journal N2 - The work is devoted to the use of electrokinetic phenomena in liquid crystals to create a new class of microfluidics devices - optofluidics, designed to control electromagnetic radiation, including the THz frequency range. To achieve the goal, an optical method is used to study changes in the orientational structure in LC layers caused by a shear flow generated by electroosmotic pumps. Simula-tion of LC behaviour in an experimental cell containing electroosmotic pumps and flat layers of a nematic liquid crystal is fulfilled. The experimental depend-ences of the intensity of polarized radiation passing through flat LC layers on the control voltage applied to the electroosmotic pump and the results of calcu-lations of the hydrodynamic and mechano-optical characteristics of the experi-mental LC cell are presented. The propagation of THz irradiation across the multilayer structure of the optofluidic cell is considered taking into account the minimum number of re-reflections of waves from different layers and the ab-sorption of THz irradiation in a propylene and a liquid crystal. N2 - Работа посвящена использованию электрокинетических явлений в жидких кристаллах для создания нового класса микрофлюидных устройств – опто- флюидики, предназначенных для управления электромагнитным излуче- нием, в том числе терагерцового диапазона частот. Для достижения цели оптическим методом исследуются изменения ориентационной структуры в слоях ЖК, вызванные сдвиговым течением, генерируемым электроосмоти- ческими насосами. Проведено моделирование поведения ЖК в эксперимен- тальной ячейке, содержащей электроосмотические насосы и плоские слои нематического жидкого кристалла. Представлены экспериментальные за- висимости интенсивности поляризованного излучения, проходящего через плоские слои ЖК, от управляющего напряжения, подаваемого на электро- осмотический насос, и результаты расчетов гидродинамических и механо- оптических характеристик экспериментальной ЖК-ячейки. Рассмотрено распространение ТГц излучения по многослойной структуре оптофлюид- ной ячейки с учетом минимального числа переотражений волн от разных слоев и поглощения ТГц излучения в пропилене и жидком кристалле. KW - nematic liquid crystal KW - terahertz range KW - electrokinetic phenomena KW - osmotic flow KW - director configuration KW - optical irradiation intensity KW - E7 KW - polypropylene Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18083/LCAppl.2022.3.49 SN - 1991-3966 SN - 2499–9644 VL - 22 IS - 3 SP - 49 EP - 57 PB - Nanomaterials Research Institute CY - Ivanovo ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abramova, Olga A1 - Gladkaya, Margarita T1 - Behind videoconferencing fatigue at work JF - Business & information systems engineering N2 - A remarkable peculiarity of videoconferencing (VC) applications – the self-view – a.k.a. digital mirror, is examined as a potential reason behind the voiced exhaustion among users. This work draws on technostress research and objective self-awareness theory and proposes the communication role (sender vs. receiver) as an interaction variable. We report the results of two studies among European employees (n1 = 176, n2 = 253) with a one-year time lag. A higher frequency of self-view in a VC when receiving a message, i.e., listening to others, indirectly increases negative affect (study 1 & 2) and exhaustion (study 2) via the increased state of public self-awareness. Self-viewing in the role of message sender, e.g., as an online presenter, also increases public self-awareness, but its overall effects are less harmful. As for individual differences, users predisposed to public self-consciousness were more concerned with how other VC participants perceived them. Gender effects were insignificant. KW - videoconferencing KW - self-view KW - Zoom fatigue KW - emote work KW - technostress KW - self-awareness Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-024-00874-7 SN - 2363-7005 SN - 1867-0202 PB - Springer Fachmedien CY - Wiesbaden ER -