TY - JOUR
A1 - Soemer, Alexander
A1 - Schiefele, Ulrich
T1 - Working memory capacity and (in)voluntary mind wandering
JF - Psychonomic bulletin & review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society
N2 - According to influential accounts of mind wandering (MW), working memory capacity (WMC) plays a key role in controlling the amount of off-task thought during the execution of a demanding task. Whereas WMC has primarily been associated with reduced levels of involuntarily occurring MW episodes in prior research, here we demonstrate for the first time that high-WMC individuals exhibit lower levels of voluntary MW. One hundred and eighty participants carried out a demanding reading task and reported their attentional state in response to random thought probes. In addition, participants' WMC was measured with two common complex span tasks (operation span and symmetry span). As a result, WMC was negatively related to both voluntary and involuntary MW, and the two forms of MW partially mediated the positive effect of WMC on reading performance. Furthermore, the negative relation between voluntary WM and reading remained significant after controlling for interest. Thus, in contrast to prior research suggesting that voluntary MW might be more closely related to motivation rather than WMC, the present results demonstrate that high-WMC individuals tend to limit both involuntary and voluntary MW more strictly than low-WMC individuals.
KW - mind wandering
KW - intention
KW - working memory
KW - executive control
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-020-01737-4
SN - 1069-9384
SN - 1531-5320
VL - 27
IS - 4
SP - 758
EP - 767
PB - Springer
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Oberauer, Klaus
A1 - Suess, Heinz-Martin
A1 - Schulze, Ralf
A1 - Wilhelm, Otto
A1 - Wittmann, W. W.
T1 - Working memory capacity - facets of a cognitive ability construct
Y1 - 2000
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Marton, Klara
A1 - Eichorn, Naomi
A1 - Campanelli, Luca
A1 - Zakarias, Lilla
T1 - Working Memory and Interference Control in Children with Specific Language Impairment
JF - Language and linguistics compass
N2 - Language and communication disorders are often associated with deficits in working memory (WM) and interference control. WM studies involving children with specific language impairment (SLI) have traditionally been framed using either resource theories or decay accounts, particularly Baddeley's model. Although significant interference problems in children with SLI are apparent in error analysis data from WM and language tasks, interference theories and paradigms have not been widely used in the SLI literature. A primary goal of the present paper is to provide an overview of interference deficits in children with SLI. Review of the extant literature on interference control shows deficits in this population; however, the source and the nature of the deficit remain unclear. Thus, a second key aim in our review is to demonstrate the need for theoretically driven experimental paradigms in order to better understand individual variations associated with interference weaknesses in children with SLI.
Y1 - 2016
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.12189
SN - 1749-818X
VL - 10
SP - 211
EP - 224
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Oberauer, Klaus
A1 - Süß, Heinz-Martin
T1 - Working memory and interference : a comment on Jenkins, Myerson, Hale, and Fry (1999)
Y1 - 2000
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Oberauer, Klaus
A1 - Schulze, Ralf
A1 - Wilhelm, Oliver
A1 - Süss, Heinz-Martin
T1 - Working memory and intelligence : their correlation and their relation ; Comment on Ackerman, Beier, and Boyle (2005)
N2 - On the basis of a mete-analysis of pairwise correlations between working memory tasks and cognitive ability measures, P. L. Ackerman. M. E. Beier, and M. O. Boyle (2005) claimed that working memory capacity (WMC) shares less than 25% of its variance with general intelligence (,;) and with reasoning ability. In this comment, the authors argue that this is an underestimation because of several methodological shortcomings and biases. A reanalysis of the data reported in Ackerman et al. using the correct statistical procedures demonstrates that g and WMC are very highly correlated. On a conceptual level. the authors point out that WMC should be regarded as an explanatory construct for intellectual abilities. Theories of working memory do not claim that WMC is isomorphic with intelligence factors but that it is a very strong predictor of reasoning ability and also predicts general fluid intelligence and g.
Y1 - 2005
SN - 0033-2909
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Erbil, Fethiye
A1 - Rogge, Lisa
A1 - Şen, Nazile
A1 - Siwick, Markus
T1 - Working in a multicultural group
JF - Potsdamer geographische Praxis
N2 - 1. Motivation 2. Requirements 3. Positive sides of multicultural group work 4. Difficulties while Working in a Multicultural Group 5. Overall Judgement of the Project 6. Long-term Effects
KW - Europäische Werteerziehung
KW - Familie
KW - Lehrevaluation
KW - Studierendenaustausch
KW - Unterrichtseinheiten
KW - Curriculum Framework
KW - European values education
KW - Family
KW - lesson evaluation
KW - student exchange
KW - teaching units
KW - curriculum framework
Y1 - 2013
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65973
SN - 2194-1599
SN - 2194-1602
IS - 3
SP - 75
EP - 81
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schad, Daniel
A1 - Nicenboim, Bruno
A1 - Bürkner, Paul-Christian
A1 - Betancourt, Michael
A1 - Vasishth, Shravan
T1 - Workflow techniques for the robust use of bayes factors
JF - Psychological methods
N2 - Inferences about hypotheses are ubiquitous in the cognitive sciences. Bayes factors provide one general way to compare different hypotheses by their compatibility with the observed data. Those quantifications can then also be used to choose between hypotheses. While Bayes factors provide an immediate approach to hypothesis testing, they are highly sensitive to details of the data/model assumptions and it's unclear whether the details of the computational implementation (such as bridge sampling) are unbiased for complex analyses. Hem, we study how Bayes factors misbehave under different conditions. This includes a study of errors in the estimation of Bayes factors; the first-ever use of simulation-based calibration to test the accuracy and bias of Bayes factor estimates using bridge sampling; a study of the stability of Bayes factors against different MCMC draws and sampling variation in the data; and a look at the variability of decisions based on Bayes factors using a utility function. We outline a Bayes factor workflow that researchers can use to study whether Bayes factors are robust for their individual analysis. Reproducible code is available from haps://osf.io/y354c/.
Translational Abstract
In psychology and related areas, scientific hypotheses are commonly tested by asking questions like "is [some] effect present or absent." Such hypothesis testing is most often carried out using frequentist null hypothesis significance testing (NIIST). The NHST procedure is very simple: It usually returns a p-value, which is then used to make binary decisions like "the effect is present/abscnt." For example, it is common to see studies in the media that draw simplistic conclusions like "coffee causes cancer," or "coffee reduces the chances of geuing cancer." However, a powerful and more nuanced alternative approach exists: Bayes factors. Bayes factors have many advantages over NHST. However, for the complex statistical models that arc commonly used for data analysis today, computing Bayes factors is not at all a simple matter. In this article, we discuss the main complexities associated with computing Bayes factors. This is the first article to provide a detailed workflow for understanding and computing Bayes factors in complex statistical models. The article provides a statistically more nuanced way to think about hypothesis testing than the overly simplistic tendency to declare effects as being "present" or "absent".
KW - Bayes factors
KW - Bayesian model comparison
KW - prior
KW - posterior
KW - simulation-based calibration
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000472
SN - 1082-989X
SN - 1939-1463
VL - 28
IS - 6
SP - 1404
EP - 1426
PB - American Psychological Association
CY - Washington
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schulze, Gunnar
T1 - Workflow for rapid metagenome analysis
JF - Process design for natural scientists: an agile model-driven approach
N2 - Analyses of metagenomes in life sciences present new opportunities as well as challenges to the scientific community and call for advanced computational methods and workflows. The large amount of data collected from samples via next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies render manual approaches to sequence comparison and annotation unsuitable. Rather, fast and efficient computational pipelines are needed to provide comprehensive statistics and summaries and enable the researcher to choose appropriate tools for more specific analyses. The workflow presented here builds upon previous pipelines designed for automated clustering and annotation of raw sequence reads obtained from next-generation sequencing technologies such as 454 and Illumina. Employing specialized algorithms, the sequence reads are processed at three different levels. First, raw reads are clustered at high similarity cutoff to yield clusters which can be exported as multifasta files for further analyses. Independently, open reading frames (ORFs) are predicted from raw reads and clustered at two strictness levels to yield sets of non-redundant sequences and ORF families. Furthermore, single ORFs are annotated by performing searches against the Pfam database
Y1 - 2014
SN - 978-3-662-45005-5
SN - 1865-0929
IS - 500
SP - 88
EP - 100
PB - Springer
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kleßmann, Christoph
T1 - Workers in the workers' state : German traditions, the Soviet model and the magnetic attraction of West Germany
Y1 - 2001
SN - 1-85973-511-8
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Voltmer, Edgar
A1 - Spahn, Claudia
A1 - Schaarschmidt, Uwe
A1 - Kieschke, Ulf
T1 - Work-related behavior and experience patterns of entrepreneurs compared to teachers and physicians
JF - International archives of occupational and environmental health
N2 - Purpose This study examined the status of health-related behavior and experience patterns of entrepreneurs in comparison with teachers and physicians to identify specific health risks and resources.
Methods Entrepreneurs (n = 632), teachers (n = 5,196), and physicians (n = 549) were surveyed in a cross-sectional design. The questionnaire Work-related Behavior and Experience Patterns (AVEM) was used for all professions and, in addition, two scales (health prevention and self-confidence) from the Checklist for Entrepreneurs in the sample of entrepreneurs.
Results The largest proportion of the entrepreneurs (45%) presented with a healthy pattern (compared with 18.4% teachers and 18.3% physicians). Thirty-eight percent of entrepreneurs showed a risk pattern of overexertion and stress, followed by teachers (28.9%) and physicians (20.6%). Unambitious or burnout patterns were seen in only 9.3/8.2% of entrepreneurs, respectively, and 25.3/27.3% of teachers, and 39.6/21.5% of physicians. While the distribution of patterns in teachers and physicians differed significantly between genders, a gender difference was not found among entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs with the risk pattern of overexertion scored significantly (P < 0.01) lower in self-confidence and health care than those with the healthy pattern.
Conclusions The development of a successful enterprise depends, in part, on the health of the entrepreneur. The large proportion of entrepreneurs with the healthy pattern irrespective of gender may support the notion that self-selection effects of healthy individuals in this special career might be important. At the same time, a large proportion was at risk for overexertion and might benefit from measures to cope with professional demands and stress and promote a healthy behavior pattern.
KW - Entrepreneurs
KW - Physicians
KW - Teachers
KW - Occupational stress
KW - Psychosocial health risks and resources
Y1 - 2011
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-011-0632-9
SN - 0340-0131
VL - 84
IS - 5
SP - 479
EP - 490
PB - Springer
CY - New York
ER -