TY - JOUR
A1 - Xu, Ying
T1 - Study on transport mechanism of m5C-edited mRNAs
Y1 - 2022
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Adair, Gigi
A1 - McLaughlin, Carly
T1 - Beyond humanitarianism
BT - reading counternarratives of forced migration from the global south
JF - Narrating Flight and Asylum
Y1 - 2022
SN - 978-3-86821-965-4
SP - 165
EP - 182
PB - Trier
CY - WVT Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vilk, Ohad
A1 - Aghion, Erez
A1 - Avgar, Tal
A1 - Beta, Carsten
A1 - Nagel, Oliver
A1 - Sabri, Adal
A1 - Sarfati, Raphael
A1 - Schwartz, Daniel K.
A1 - Weiß, Matthias
A1 - Krapf, Diego
A1 - Nathan, Ran
A1 - Metzler, Ralf
A1 - Assaf, Michael
T1 - Unravelling the origins of anomalous diffusion
BT - from molecules to migrating storks
JF - Physical review research / American Physical Society
N2 - Anomalous diffusion or, more generally, anomalous transport, with nonlinear dependence of the mean-squared displacement on the measurement time, is ubiquitous in nature. It has been observed in processes ranging from microscopic movement of molecules to macroscopic, large-scale paths of migrating birds. Using data from multiple empirical systems, spanning 12 orders of magnitude in length and 8 orders of magnitude in time, we employ a method to detect the individual underlying origins of anomalous diffusion and transport in the data. This method decomposes anomalous transport into three primary effects: long-range correlations (“Joseph effect”), fat-tailed probability density of increments (“Noah effect”), and nonstationarity (“Moses effect”). We show that such a decomposition of real-life data allows us to infer nontrivial behavioral predictions and to resolve open questions in the fields of single-particle tracking in living cells and movement ecology.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.033055
SN - 2643-1564
VL - 4
IS - 3
PB - American Physical Society
CY - College Park, MD
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Waller, Nicole
T1 - Marronage or underground?
BT - the black geographies of Colson Whitehead's The Underground Railroad and Ta-Nehisi Coates's The Water Dancer
JF - MELUS : multi-ethnic literature of the U.S. / Society for the Study of the Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States
N2 - I combine a reading of contemporary scholarship on US maroon histories and the Underground Railroad—and the concomitant notions of marronage and the underground—with a reading of two recent works of African American literature: Colson Whitehead’s The Underground Railroad (2016) and Ta-Nehisi Coates’s The Water Dancer (2019). Foregrounding the idea of Black geographies as a form of placemaking and “thinking otherwise” about land and water, I suggest that despite the differing, and at times contrasting, trajectories of maroon histories and the histories of Black flight to the North, African American maroon experiences and the Underground Railroad are conceptually connected in contemporary African American literature. I read the two novels as recent literary expressions of this conceptual link, which is played out via representations of relating to the land. By reimagining and intertwining marronage and the underground, both novels articulate a critique of settler-colonial and plantation modes of spatial practice, modes they identify as formative for US-American nationhood. They also, tentatively but forcefully, gesture toward alternative ways of being “above” and “below” the land while affirming African American connectedness to place.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/melus/mlac021
SN - 0163-755X
SN - 1946-3170
VL - 47
IS - 1
SP - 45
EP - 70
PB - Oxford Univ. Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Penschke, Christopher
A1 - Edler von Zander, Robert
A1 - Beqiraj, Alkit
A1 - Zehle, Anna
A1 - Jahn, Nicolas
A1 - Neumann, Rainer
A1 - Saalfrank, Peter
T1 - Water on porous, nitrogen-containing layered carbon materials
BT - the performance of computational model chemistries
JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : PCCP ; a journal of European chemical societies / RSC, Royal Society of Chemistry
N2 - Porous, layered materials containing sp(2)-hybridized carbon and nitrogen atoms, offer through their tunable properties, a versatile route towards tailormade catalysts for electrochemistry and photochemistry. A key molecule interacting with these quasi two-dimensional materials (2DM) is water, and a photo(electro)chemical key reaction catalyzed by them, is water splitting into H-2 and O-2, with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as half reactions. The complexity of some C/N-based 2DM in contact with water raises special needs for their theoretical modelling, which in turn is needed for rational design of C/N-based catalysts. In this work, three classes of C/N-containing porous 2DM with varying pore sizes and C/N ratios, namely graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), C2N, and poly(heptazine imides) (PHI), are studied with various computational methods. We elucidate the performance of different models and model chemistries (the combination of electronic structure method and basis set) for water and water fragment adsorption in the low-coverage regime. Further, properties related to the photo(electro)chemical activity like electrochemical overpotentials, band gaps, and optical excitation energies are in our focus. Specifically, periodic models will be tested vs. cluster models, and density functional theory (DFT) vs. wavefunction theory (WFT). This work serves as a basis for a systematic study of trends for the photo(electro)chemical activity of C/N-containing layered materials as a function of water content, pore size and density.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cp00657j
SN - 1463-9076
SN - 1463-9084
VL - 24
IS - 24
SP - 14709
EP - 14726
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY - Cambridge
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Eccard, Jana
T1 - Can rolling composite wildflower blocks increase biodiversity in agricultural landscapes better than wildflowers strips?
JF - Journal of applied ecology : an official journal of the British Ecological Society
N2 - Biodiversity and abundance of wildlife has dramatically declined in agricultural landscapes. Sown, short-lived wildflower (WF) strips along the margins of crop fields are a widespread and often subsidised in agri-environmental schemes, intended to enhance biodiversity, provide refuges for wild plant and arthropod populations and to provide ecosystem services to crops. Meanwhile, WF elements are also criticised, since their functionality decreases with plant succession, the removal of aged WF strip poses an ecological trap for the attracted arthropod populations and only common and mobile species benefit. Further, insects in WF strips are impacted by pesticides from agricultural fields due to shared boundaries with crop fields and by edge effects. The performance of the measure could be improved by combining several WF strips of different successional stages, each harbouring a unique community of plants and arthropods, into persistent, composite WF block, where successional stages exist in parallel. Monitoring data on many taxa in the literature shows, that a third of species are temporarily present in an ageing WF stip, thus offering composite WF blocks should increase cumulative species richness by 28%-39% compared to annual richness in WF strips. Persistence of composite WF blocks would offer reliable refuge for animal and plant populations, also supporting their predators and herbivores. Further, WF blocks have less boundaries to crops compared to WF strips of the same area, and are less impacted by edge effects and pesticides. Policy implications. Here I suggest a change of conservation practice changing from successional WF strips to composite WF blocks. By regular removal and replacement of aged WF strips either within the block (rotational) or at its margins (rolling), the habitat heterogeneity in composite WF block could be perpetuated. Rolling composite WF blocks change locations over years, and the original location can be reconverted to arable land while a nearby WF block is still available to wildlife. A change in agricultural schemes would be necessary, since in some European countries clustered WF strips are explicitly not subsidised.
KW - AES
KW - agriculture
KW - biodiversity
KW - CAP
KW - conservation scheme
KW - field margins
KW - insects
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14147
SN - 0021-8901
SN - 1365-2664
VL - 59
IS - 5
SP - 1172
EP - 1177
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lood, Kajsa
A1 - Tikk, Triin
A1 - Krüger, Mandy
A1 - Schmidt, Bernd
T1 - Methylene capping facilitates cross-metathesis reactions of enals
BT - a short synthesis of 7-methoxywutaifuranal from the xylochemical isoeugenol
JF - The journal of organic chemistry
N2 - Four combinations of type-I olefins isoeugenol and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyrene with type-II olefins acrolein and crotonaldehyde were investigated in cross-metathesis (CM) reactions. While both type-I olefins are suitable CM partners for this transformation, we observed synthetically useful conversions only with type-II olefin crotonaldehyde. For economic reasons, isoeugenol, a cheap xylochemical available from renewable lignocellulose or from clove oil, is the preferred type-I CM partner. Nearly quantitative conversions to coniferyl aldehyde by the CM reaction of isoeugenol and crotonaldehyde can be obtained at ambient temperature without a solvent or at high substrate concentrations of 2 mol.L-1 with the second-generation Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst. Under these conditions, the ratio of reactants can be reduced to 1:1.5 and catalyst loadings as low as 0.25 mol % are possible. The high reactivity of the isoeugenol/crotonaldehyde combination in olefin metathesis reactions was demonstrated by a short synthesis of the natural product 7-methoxywutaifuranal, which was obtained from isoeugenol in a 44% yield over five steps. We suggest that the superior performance of crotonaldehyde in the CM reactions investigated can be rationalized by "methylene capping", i.e., the steric stabilization of the propagating Ru-alkylidene species.
KW - Aldehydes
KW - Catalysts
KW - Hydrocarbons
KW - Metathesis
KW - Mixtures
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.1c02851
SN - 0022-3263
SN - 1520-6904
VL - 87
IS - 5
SP - 3079
EP - 3088
PB - American Chemical Society
CY - Washington
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mattis, Toni
A1 - Beckmann, Tom
A1 - Rein, Patrick
A1 - Hirschfeld, Robert
T1 - First-class concepts
BT - Reified architectural knowledge beyond dominant decompositions
JF - Journal of object technology : JOT / ETH Zürich, Department of Computer Science
N2 - Ideally, programs are partitioned into independently maintainable and understandable modules. As a system grows, its architecture gradually loses the capability to accommodate new concepts in a modular way. While refactoring is expensive and not always possible, and the programming language might lack dedicated primary language constructs to express certain cross-cutting concerns, programmers are still able to explain and delineate convoluted concepts through secondary means: code comments, use of whitespace and arrangement of code, documentation, or communicating tacit knowledge.
Secondary constructs are easy to change and provide high flexibility in communicating cross-cutting concerns and other concepts among programmers. However, such secondary constructs usually have no reified representation that can be explored and manipulated as first-class entities through the programming environment.
In this exploratory work, we discuss novel ways to express a wide range of concepts, including cross-cutting concerns, patterns, and lifecycle artifacts independently of the dominant decomposition imposed by an existing architecture. We propose the representation of concepts as first-class objects inside the programming environment that retain the capability to change as easily as code comments. We explore new tools that allow programmers to view, navigate, and change programs based on conceptual perspectives. In a small case study, we demonstrate how such views can be created and how the programming experience changes from draining programmers' attention by stretching it across multiple modules toward focusing it on cohesively presented concepts. Our designs are geared toward facilitating multiple secondary perspectives on a system to co-exist in symbiosis with the original architecture, hence making it easier to explore, understand, and explain complex contexts and narratives that are hard or impossible to express using primary modularity constructs.
KW - software engineering
KW - modularity
KW - exploratory programming
KW - program
KW - comprehension
KW - remodularization
KW - architecture recovery
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5381/jot.2022.21.2.a6
SN - 1660-1769
VL - 21
IS - 2
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - ETH Zürich, Department of Computer Science
CY - Zürich
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kaya, Adem
A1 - Freitag, Melina A.
T1 - Conditioning analysis for discrete Helmholtz problems
JF - Computers and mathematics with applications : an international journal
N2 - In this paper, we examine conditioning of the discretization of the Helmholtz problem. Although the discrete Helmholtz problem has been studied from different perspectives, to the best of our knowledge, there is no conditioning analysis for it. We aim to fill this gap in the literature. We propose a novel method in 1D to observe the near-zero eigenvalues of a symmetric indefinite matrix. Standard classification of ill-conditioning based on the matrix condition number is not true for the discrete Helmholtz problem. We relate the ill-conditioning of the discretization of the Helmholtz problem with the condition number of the matrix. We carry out analytical conditioning analysis in 1D and extend our observations to 2D with numerical observations. We examine several discretizations. We find different regions in which the condition number of the problem shows different characteristics. We also explain the general behavior of the solutions in these regions.
KW - Helmholtz problem
KW - Condition number
KW - Ill-conditioning
KW - Indefinite
KW - matrices
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.camwa.2022.05.016
SN - 0898-1221
SN - 1873-7668
VL - 118
SP - 171
EP - 182
PB - Elsevier Science
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Giraudier, Manon
A1 - Ventura-Bort, Carlos
A1 - Burger, Andreas M.
A1 - Claes, Nathalie
A1 - D'Agostini, Martina
A1 - Fischer, Rico
A1 - Franssen, Mathijs
A1 - Kaess, Michael
A1 - Koenig, Julian
A1 - Liepelt, Roman
A1 - Nieuwenhuis, Sander
A1 - Sommer, Aldo
A1 - Usichenko, Taras
A1 - Van Diest, Ilse
A1 - von Leupoldt, Andreas
A1 - Warren, Christopher Michael
A1 - Weymar, Mathias
T1 - Evidence for a modulating effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on salivary alpha-amylase as indirect noradrenergic marker: A pooled mega-analysis
JF - Brain Stimulation
N2 - Background
Non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has received tremendous attention as a potential neuromodulator of cognitive and affective functions, which likely exerts its effects via activation of the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline (LC-NA) system. Reliable effects of taVNS on markers of LC-NA system activity, however, have not been demonstrated yet.
Methods
The aim of the present study was to overcome previous limitations by pooling raw data from a large sample of ten taVNS studies (371 healthy participants) that collected salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) as a potential marker of central NA release.
Results
While a meta-analytic approach using summary statistics did not yield any significant effects, linear mixed model analyses showed that afferent stimulation of the vagus nerve via taVNS increased sAA levels compared to sham stimulation (b = 0.16, SE = 0.05, p = 0.001). When considering potential confounders of sAA, we further replicated previous findings on the diurnal trajectory of sAA activity.
Conclusion(s)
Vagal activation via taVNS increases sAA release compared to sham stimulation, which likely substantiates the assumption that taVNS triggers NA release. Moreover, our results highlight the benefits of data pooling and data sharing in order to allow stronger conclusions in research.
KW - Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation
KW - tVNS
KW - sAA
KW - Noradrenaline
KW - Biomarker
KW - Data pooling
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2022.09.009
SN - 1876-4754
VL - 15
SP - 1378
EP - 1388
PB - Elsevier
CY - New York, NY, USA
ET - 6
ER -