TY - JOUR A1 - Kluge, Lucas A1 - Socolar, Joshua E. S. A1 - Schöll, Eckehard T1 - Random logic networks BT - from classical Boolean to quantum dynamics JF - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics N2 - We investigate dynamical properties of a quantum generalization of classical reversible Boolean networks. The state of each node is encoded as a single qubit, and classical Boolean logic operations are supplemented by controlled bit-flip and Hadamard operations. We consider synchronous updating schemes in which each qubit is updated at each step based on stored values of the qubits from the previous step. We investigate the periodic or quasiperiodic behavior of quantum networks, and we analyze the propagation of single site perturbations through the quantum networks with input degree one. A nonclassical mechanism for perturbation propagation leads to substantially different evolution of the Hamming distance between the original and perturbed states. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.104.064308 SN - 2470-0045 SN - 2470-0053 VL - 104 IS - 6 PB - American Physical Society CY - Woodbury, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Mingjun A1 - Schlaich, Christoph A1 - Zhang, Jianguang A1 - Donskyi, Ievgen A1 - Schwibbert, Karin A1 - Schreiber, Frank A1 - Xia, Yi A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja A1 - Haag, Rainer T1 - Mussel-inspired multifunctional coating for bacterial infection prevention and osteogenic induction JF - Journal of materials science & technology : JMST ; an international journal / spons. by the Chinese Society for Metals (CSM), the Chinese Materials Research Society (CMRS), Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences N2 - Bacterial infection and osteogenic integration are the two main problems that cause severe complications after surgeries. In this study, the antibacterial and osteogenic properties were simultaneously introduced in biomaterials, where copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were generated by in situ reductions of Cu ions into a mussel-inspired hyperbranched polyglycerol (MI-hPG) coating via a simple dip-coating method. This hyperbranched polyglycerol with 10 % catechol groups' modification presents excellent antifouling property, which could effectively reduce bacteria adhesion on the surface. In this work, polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun fiber membrane was selected as the substrate, which is commonly used in biomedical implants in bone regeneration and cardiovascular stents because of its good biocompatibility and easy post-modification. The as-fabricated CuNPs-incorporated PCL membrane [PCL-(MI-hPG)-CuNPs] was confirmed with effective antibacterial performance via in vitro antibacterial tests against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and multi-resistant E. coli. In addition, the in vitro results demonstrated that osteogenic property of PCL-(MI-hPG)-CuNPs was realized by upregulating the osteoblast-related gene expressions and protein activity. This study shows that antibacterial and osteogenic properties can be balanced in a surface coating by introducing CuNPs. KW - Mussel-inspired coating KW - CuNPs KW - Multi-resistant bacteria KW - Antibacterial KW - Antifouling KW - Osteogenesis Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2020.08.011 SN - 1005-0302 SN - 1941-1162 VL - 68 SP - 160 EP - 171 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chigarev, Vladimir A1 - Kazakov, Alexey A1 - Pikovskij, Arkadij T1 - Mutual singularities of overlapping attractor and repeller JF - Chaos : an interdisciplinary journal of nonlinear science N2 - We apply the concepts of relative dimensions and mutual singularities to characterize the fractal properties of overlapping attractor and repeller in chaotic dynamical systems. We consider one analytically solvable example (a generalized baker's map); two other examples, the Anosov-Mobius and the Chirikov-Mobius maps, which possess fractal attractor and repeller on a two-dimensional torus, are explored numerically. We demonstrate that although for these maps the stable and unstable directions are not orthogonal to each other, the relative Renyi and Kullback-Leibler dimensions as well as the mutual singularity spectra for the attractor and repeller can be well approximated under orthogonality assumption of two fractals. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0056891 SN - 1054-1500 SN - 1089-7682 VL - 31 IS - 8 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Milde, Peter A1 - Langenhorst, Malte A1 - Hölscher, Hendrik A1 - Rottmann-Matthes, Jens A1 - Hundertmark, Dirk A1 - Eng, Lukas A1 - Hoffmann-Vogel, Regina T1 - Out-of-equilibrium optomechanical resonance self-excitation JF - Journal of applied physics N2 - The fundamental sensitivity limit of atomic force microscopy is strongly correlated to the thermal noise of cantilever oscillation. A method to suppress this unwanted noise is to reduce the bandwidth of the measurement, but this approach is limited by the speed of the measurement and the width of the cantilever resonance, commonly defined through the quality factor Q. However, it has been shown that optomechanical resonances in interferometers might affect cantilever oscillations resulting in an effective quality factor Q(eff). When the laser power is sufficiently increased cantilever oscillations might even reach the regime of self-oscillation. In this self-oscillation state, the noise of the system is partially determined by the interaction with laser light far from equilibrium. Here, we show and discuss how tuning of laser power leads to nonlinear optomechanical effects that can dramatically increase the effective quality factor of the cantilever leading to out-of-equilibrium noise. We model the effects using a fourth order nonlinearity of the damping coefficient. Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing. KW - Electrical properties and parameters KW - Ultra-high vacuum KW - Electronic noise KW - Signal processing KW - Noise floor KW - Atomic force microscopy KW - Hooke's law KW - Interferometry KW - Optical resonators KW - Thermo optic effects Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0054509 SN - 0021-8979 SN - 1089-7550 VL - 130 IS - 3 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Estival, Séverine A1 - Chevalère, Johann A1 - Laurier, Virginie A1 - Mourre, Fabien A1 - Tricot, Julie A1 - Postal, Virginie T1 - Study of the deficit in planning abilities of adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome JF - Research in developmental disabilities N2 - Background: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex developmental genetic disorder associated with intellectual disability and deficits in executive functions which result in disorganisation and poor personal autonomy. Aims: This study aimed to determine impairments in planning skills of adults with PWS, in relation with their intellectual disabilities, as well as the influence of food compulsions on their performance. Methods and procedures: A modified version of the Zoo Map from the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome was used in three groups: a group of adults with PWS in comparison with two groups both matched on chronological age, one with typical development (TD) and one with intellectual disability (ID). Outcomes and results: Compared to TD adults, both adults with PWS and ID showed increased planning time and lower raw scores on the planning task. The execution time and the number of errors were higher in the PWS group compared to the comparison groups. All three groups performed worse in the non-food condition only for number of errors and raw score. Conclusions and implications: Planning abilities were impaired in PWS adults. Results also showed that intellectual level plays a role in participants' performance. These findings are essential to understand the difficulties of people with PWS daily life. KW - Cognitive profile KW - Intellectual disability KW - Planning KW - Prader-Willi Syndrome Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104056 SN - 0891-4222 SN - 1873-3379 VL - 117 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - López-Sánchez, Aida A1 - Bareth, Georg A1 - Bolten, Andreas A1 - Rose, Laura E. A1 - Mansfeldt, Tim A1 - Sapp, Melanie A1 - Linstädter, Anja T1 - Effects of declining oak vitality on ecosystem multifunctionality BT - lessons from a Spanish oak woodland JF - Forest ecology and management N2 - Mediterranean oak woodlands are currently facing unprecedented degradation threats from oak decline. The Iberian oak decline "Seca", related to Phytophthora infection, causes crown defoliation that may adversely affect ecosystem services (ESs). We aim to improve our understanding of how Seca-induced declines in crown foliation affect the provision of multiple ecosystem services from understory vegetation. We selected holm (Quercus ilex) and cork oak (Q. suber) trees in a Spanish oak woodland and evaluated three proxies of canopy effects. One proxy (crown defoliation) solely captured Seca-dependent effects, one proxy solely captured Seca-independent effects (tree dimensions such as diameter and height), while the third proxy (tree vigor) captured overall canopy effects. We then used the best-performing proxies to assess canopy effects on key ecosystem services (ESs) such as aboveground net primary production (ANPP), grass and legume biomass, species diversity, litter decomposition rates, and a combined index of ecosystem multifunctionality.
We found that both types of canopy effects (i.e. Seca-dependent and Seca-independent effects) were related, indicating that ANPP was disproportionally more affected by Seca when defoliated trees were large. Responses of other ESs were mostly not significant, although lower species diversity was found under trees with intermediate vigor. Our results underline that a Seca-related decline in canopy density triggered a homogenization of ecosystem service delivery on the ecosystem scale. The ecosystem functions (EFs) under trees of low vigor are similar to that in adjacent open microsites indicating that the presence of vigorous (i.e. old and vital) trees is critical for maintaining EFs at a landscape level. Our results also highlight the importance of quantifying not only defoliation but also tree dimensions as both factors jointly and interactively modify canopy effects on ecosystem multifunctionality. KW - ANPP KW - Decomposition KW - Microsite degradation KW - Herb diversity KW - Seca Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.118927 SN - 0378-1127 SN - 1872-7042 VL - 484 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nguyen, Dong Hai Phuong A1 - Georgie, Yasmin Kim A1 - Kayhan, Ezgi A1 - Eppe, Manfred A1 - Hafner, Verena Vanessa A1 - Wermter, Stefan T1 - Sensorimotor representation learning for an "active self" in robots BT - a model survey JF - Künstliche Intelligenz : KI ; Forschung, Entwicklung, Erfahrungen ; Organ des Fachbereichs 1 Künstliche Intelligenz der Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V., GI / Fachbereich 1 der Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V N2 - Safe human-robot interactions require robots to be able to learn how to behave appropriately in spaces populated by people and thus to cope with the challenges posed by our dynamic and unstructured environment, rather than being provided a rigid set of rules for operations. In humans, these capabilities are thought to be related to our ability to perceive our body in space, sensing the location of our limbs during movement, being aware of other objects and agents, and controlling our body parts to interact with them intentionally. Toward the next generation of robots with bio-inspired capacities, in this paper, we first review the developmental processes of underlying mechanisms of these abilities: The sensory representations of body schema, peripersonal space, and the active self in humans. Second, we provide a survey of robotics models of these sensory representations and robotics models of the self; and we compare these models with the human counterparts. Finally, we analyze what is missing from these robotics models and propose a theoretical computational framework, which aims to allow the emergence of the sense of self in artificial agents by developing sensory representations through self-exploration. KW - Developmental robotics KW - Body schema KW - Peripersonal space KW - Agency KW - Robot learning Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-021-00703-z SN - 0933-1875 SN - 1610-1987 VL - 35 IS - 1 SP - 9 EP - 35 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lazarides, Rebecca A1 - Dicke, Anna-Lena A1 - Rubach, Charlott A1 - Oppermann, Elisa A1 - Eccles, Jacquelynne S. T1 - Motivational profiles across domains and academic choices within Eccles et al.’s situated expectancy BT - value theoretical framework JF - Developmental psychology N2 - This longitudinal person-centered study aimed to identify profiles of subjective task values and ability self-concepts of adolescents in the domain of mathematics, English, biology, and physics in Grades 10 and 12. We were interested in gendered changes of profile membership, and in relations between profile membership and educational and occupational outcomes in adulthood. Data were drawn from the Michigan Study of Adolescent and Adult Life Transitions. We focused on students who participated in the data collection in Grades 10 and 12 (N = 911; 56.1% female; M-age = 16.49, SD = .63; 91.2% European American, 4.6% African American, and 2.1% other ethnic groups such as Hispanic, Asian, Native American). Data on subsequent college majors were assessed 2, 6, and 10 years after finishing high school and data on occupational outcomes was assessed up to 22 years after high school. Using Latent Profile Analyses, our findings revealed five profiles in grade 10 and four profiles in grade 12, which were meaningfully related to student gender. Latent Transition Analyses showed that motivational beliefs became more hierarchical over time. Gendered changes in profile membership occurred, with boys experiencing a process of specialization into mathematics domains. We were also able to show that gender-specific intraindividual hierarchies of motivational beliefs were related to gender-specific specialization processes in adolescence and to subsequent gendered choices throughout the life course. KW - task value KW - self-concept KW - gender KW - intraindividual hierarchies of motivation KW - latent transition analysis Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001250 SN - 0012-1649 SN - 1939-0599 VL - 57 IS - 11 SP - 1893 EP - 1909 PB - American Psychological Association CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kutzschbach, Martin A1 - Wunder, Bernd A1 - Wannhoff, Iris A1 - Wilke, Franziska Daniela Helena A1 - Couffignal, Frédéric A1 - Rocholl, Alexander T1 - Raman spectroscopic quantification of tetrahedral boron in synthetic aluminum-rich tourmaline JF - American mineralogist : an international journal of earth and planetary materials N2 - The Raman spectra of five B-[4]-bearing tourmalines of different composition synthesized at 700 degrees C/4.0 GPa (including first-time synthesis of Na-Li-B-[4]-tourmaline, Ca-Li-B-[4]-tourmaline, and Ca-bearing square-B-[4]-tourmaline) reveal a strong correlation between the tetrahedral boron content and the summed relative intensity of all OH-stretching bands between 3300-3430 cm(-1). The band shift to low wavenumbers is explained by strong O3-H center dot center dot center dot O5 hydrogen bridge bonding. Applying the regression equation to natural B-[4]-bearing tourmaline from the Koralpe (Austria) reproduces the EMPA-derived value perfectly [EMPA: 0.67(12) B-[4] pfu vs. Raman: 0.66(13) B-[4] pfu]. This demonstrates that Raman spectroscopy provides a fast and easy-to-use tool for the quantification of tetrahedral boron in tourmaline. The knowledge of the amount of tetrahedral boron in tourmaline has important implications for the better understanding and modeling of B-isotope fractionation between tourmaline and fluid/melt, widely used as a tracer of mass transfer processes. KW - Tourmaline KW - high pressure KW - synthesis KW - tetrahedral boron KW - Raman KW - SIMS KW - Lithium KW - Beryllium and Boron: Quintessentially Crustal Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2021-7758 SN - 0003-004X SN - 1945-3027 VL - 106 IS - 6 SP - 872 EP - 882 PB - Mineralogical Society of America CY - Washington, DC [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilhelmi, Ilka A1 - Neumann, Alexander A1 - Jähnert, Markus A1 - Ouni, Meriem A1 - Schürmann, Annette T1 - Enriched alternative splicing in islets of diabetes-susceptible mice JF - International journal of molecular sciences N2 - Dysfunctional islets of Langerhans are a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We hypothesize that differences in islet gene expression alternative splicing which can contribute to altered protein function also participate in islet dysfunction. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data from islets of obese diabetes-resistant and diabetes-susceptible mice were analyzed for alternative splicing and its putative genetic and epigenetic modulators. We focused on the expression levels of chromatin modifiers and SNPs in regulatory sequences. We identified alternative splicing events in islets of diabetes-susceptible mice amongst others in genes linked to insulin secretion, endocytosis or ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathways. The expression pattern of 54 histones and chromatin modifiers, which may modulate splicing, were markedly downregulated in islets of diabetic animals. Furthermore, diabetes-susceptible mice carry SNPs in RNA-binding protein motifs and in splice sites potentially responsible for alternative splicing events. They also exhibit a larger exon skipping rate, e.g., in the diabetes gene Abcc8, which might affect protein function. Expression of the neuronal splicing factor Srrm4 which mediates inclusion of microexons in mRNA transcripts was markedly lower in islets of diabetes-prone compared to diabetes-resistant mice, correlating with a preferential skipping of SRRM4 target exons. The repression of Srrm4 expression is presumably mediated via a higher expression of miR-326-3p and miR-3547-3p in islets of diabetic mice. Thus, our study suggests that an altered splicing pattern in islets of diabetes-susceptible mice may contribute to an elevated T2D risk. KW - alternative splicing KW - epigenetic KW - MicroRNA KW - RNAseq KW - diabetes KW - beta-cell KW - failure Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168597 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 22 IS - 16 PB - Molecular Diversity Preservation International CY - Basel ER -