TY - JOUR A1 - Scianna, Bastian Matteo T1 - Rebuilding an Austrian Army BT - The Bundesheer’s Founding Generation and the Wehrmacht Past, 1955–1970 JF - War in History N2 - After the Second World War, a new Austrian Army (the Bundesheer) was formed to guarantee the country’s armed neutrality. But the period between 1938 and 1945 remained a point of contention. While some Austrian officers had been sidelined, the majority had served in the Wehrmacht and thus shared experiences and soldierly values. As Cold War realities necessitated a professional experienced army, a group around Erwin Fussenegger (1908–1986) dominated the new Bundesheer and contemplations about reforming the military culture and value system were postponed; while at the same time, the Bundesheer managed to prevent becoming a mere continuation of the Wehrmacht. KW - Austria KW - Wehrmacht KW - Second World War KW - Cold War KW - military culture KW - Bundesheer Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344516682057 SN - 0968-3445 SN - 1477-0385 VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 105 EP - 123 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scianna, Bastian Matteo T1 - Stuck in the past? BT - British views on the Spanish army’s effectiveness and military culture, 1946-1983 JF - War & Society N2 - After the Civil War the Spanish army functioned as a guardian of domestic order, but suffered from antiquated material and little financial means. These factors have been described as fundamental reasons for the army’s low potential wartime capability. This article draws on British and German sources to demonstrate how Spanish military culture prevented an augmented effectiveness and organisational change. Claiming that the army merely lacked funding and modern equipment, falls considerably short in grasping the complexities of military effectiveness and organisational cultures, and might prove fatal for current attempts to develop foreign armed forces in conflict or post-conflict zones. KW - Spain KW - Franco KW - military effectiveness KW - military culture KW - organisational change Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2019.1524347 SN - 0729-2473 SN - 2042-4345 VL - 38 IS - 1 SP - 41 EP - 56 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Carlà-Uhink, Filippo T1 - (Re-)Founding Italy: The Social War, Its Aftermath and the Construction of a Roman-Italic Identity in the Roman Republic JF - History in Flux: Journal of the Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula N2 - The Social War (91-88 BCE) is one of the most significant episodes in Roman history: from this war, in which Rome fought against her Italic allies, emerged the elite that would lead the Republic in the last decades of its existence and that would provide the senatorial aristocracy of the early imperial age. The Italic rebels were defeated militarily, yet they achieved their political aims. As such, this war – and its elaboration and memorialization in Roman cultural memory – provides a very interesting case study about how "victory" and "defeat" are constructed discursively after a disruptive war, and how its narration is "functionalized" for a re-foundation of the civic body. KW - ancient Italy KW - ancient Rome KW - social war KW - senatorial aristocracy KW - cultural memory Y1 - 2019 UR - https://hrcak.srce.hr/230778 U6 - https://doi.org/10.32728/flux.2019.1.1 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 3 EP - 19 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - D'Aprile, Iwan-Michelangelo T1 - Grass‘ Fontane und Fontanes Hoftaller BT - Fontane-Biographik zwischen Forschung und Fiktion JF - Horst Janssen und Günter Grass Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-96289-067-4 SP - 56 EP - 71 PB - Links CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marszałek, Magdalena T1 - Transculturality and Its Discontents: Some Notes on Polish Literature “without a Fixed Abode” with a Focus on Jewish-Polish Literature between the Two World Wars JF - Slavia Iaponica N2 - Der Artikel fragt nach einem möglichen Geltungsbereich heutiger Konzeptualisierungen der literarischen Transkulturalität für die polnische(n) Literatur(en). Der Hintergrund der Überlegungen ist die ‚monokulturelle‘ Kondition der polnischen Gesellschaft nach den Katastrophen des 20. Jahrhunderts, die u.a. in den literarischen Rückgriffen auf die vergangene kulturelle Pluralität in den letzten drei Dekaden kritisch reflektiert wurde, heute aber wieder – in der populistisch-nationalistischen Politik – affirmiert wird. Dabei ermöglicht eine historische Perspektive auf die kulturellen Verflechtungen des literarischen Schreibens in der polnischen Sprache einen Einblick in die historisch heterogenen Formen literarischer Transkulturalität, die von den jeweiligen politischen und sozialen Kontexten abhängen. Eine umfassende Behandlung des Schreibens in der polnischen Sprache unter Bedingungen des Sprachwechsels bzw. der Mehrsprachigkeit seit der frühen Neuzeit bis zum 20. Jh. bleibt ein Desiderat. Den Höhepunkt einer auf diese Art gedachten Literaturgeschichte bildet – so die These des Artikels – die spezifische Ausprägung der polnisch-jüdischen Literatur in der Zwischenkriegszeit, in welcher Konzepte einer hybriden Doppelzugehörigkeit in linguistischen und topographischen Chiasmen dramatisch auf die Spitze getrieben werden und somit die ungelösten Probleme der Zeit spiegeln. Y1 - 2019 SN - ISSN 0913-0586 VL - 2019 IS - 22 SP - 31 EP - 44 CY - Tokio ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marszałek, Magdalena ED - Nicolosi, Riccardo ED - Obermayr, Brigitte ED - Weller, Nina T1 - Zeugnis und kontrafaktisches Erzählen JF - Interventionen in die Zeit : Kontrafaktisches Erzählen und Erinnerungskultur Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-506-78733-0 SP - 35 EP - 46 PB - Ferdinand Schöningh CY - Paderborn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lotz, Almuth T1 - Libanius and Theodoret of Cyrrhus on Accusations of Magic BT - Between Legal Norm and Legal Practice in Late Antiquity JF - Magic ritual and witchcraft N2 - Both Libanius in his Autobiography (ca. 374) and Theodoret in his biographical sketch of the monk Macedonius in his Religious History (ca. 444) draw their readers’ attention to the accusations of magic as an everyday event in Late Antiquity. Yet there are differences between the ways in which they present their theme. Some of these differences pertain to genre conventions of autobiography and Christian hagiographic writing, but these are further conditioned by the concrete expectations of the intended audience and the authors’ different religious beliefs. While both are primarily engaged in creating different types of role models, the charge of magic functions as a narrative moment that shapes the character of the relevant hero differentially. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1353/mrw.2019.0024 SN - 1556-8547 SN - 1940-5111 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 211 EP - 229 PB - University of Pennsylvania Press CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scianna, Bastian Matteo T1 - A predisposition to brutality? BT - german practices against civilians and francs-tireurs during the Franco-Prussian war 1870-1871 and their JF - Small wars and insurgencies N2 - The German Sonderweg thesis has been discarded in most research fields. Yet in regards to the military, things differ: all conflicts before the Second World War are interpreted as prelude to the war of extermination between 1939-1945. This article specifically looks at the Franco-Prussian War 1870-71 and German behaviour vis-a-vis regular combatants, civilians and irregular guerrilla fighters, the so-called francs-tireurs. The author argues that the counter-measures were not exceptional for nineteenth century warfare and also shows how selective reading of the existing secondary literature has distorted our view on the war. KW - Francs-tireurs KW - levee en masse KW - myth of Franktireurkrieg KW - Franco-Prussian War KW - Geneva convention of 1864 KW - Landwehr KW - siege of Paris 1870 Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2019.1638551 SN - 0959-2318 SN - 1743-9558 VL - 30 IS - 4-5 SP - 968 EP - 993 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altieri, Riccardo T1 - Luxemburg oder Lenin? BT - die unterschiedlichen Positionen von Rosi Wolfstein und Paul Fröhlich zur Revolution in Russland JF - Die Wahrnehmung der Russischen Revolutionen 1917 : Zwischen utopischen Träumen und erschütterter Ablehnung (2019) Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-86331-469-9 SP - 31 EP - 56 PB - Metropol CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altieri, Riccardo A1 - Jacob, Frank T1 - Vorwort JF - Revolution : Beiträge zu einem historischen Phänomen der globalen Moderne Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-96138-158-6 SP - 7 EP - 10 PB - wvb Wissenschaftlicher Verlag CY - Berlin ER -