TY - JOUR A1 - Garcia, Rowena A1 - Dery, Jeruen E. A1 - Roeser, Jens A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Word order preferences of Tagalog-speaking adults and children JF - First language N2 - This article investigates the word order preferences of Tagalog-speaking adults and five- and seven-year-old children. The participants were asked to complete sentences to describe pictures depicting actions between two animate entities. Adults preferred agent-initial constructions in the patient voice but not in the agent voice, while the children produced mainly agent-initial constructions regardless of voice. This agent-initial preference, despite the lack of a close link between the agent and the subject in Tagalog, shows that this word order preference is not merely syntactically-driven (subject-initial preference). Additionally, the children’s agent-initial preference in the agent voice, contrary to the adults’ lack of preference, shows that children do not respect the subject-last principle of ordering Tagalog full noun phrases. These results suggest that language-specific optional features like a subject-last principle take longer to be acquired. KW - Child language acquisition KW - sentence production KW - Tagalog acquisition KW - voice KW - word order Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723718790317 SN - 0142-7237 SN - 1740-2344 VL - 38 IS - 6 SP - 617 EP - 640 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - THES A1 - Garcia, Rowena T1 - Thematic role assignment and word order preferences in the child language acquisition of Tagalog T1 - Zuweisung thematischer Rollen und Wortstellungspräferenz im kindlichen Spracherwerb von Tagalog N2 - A critical task in daily communications is identifying who did what to whom in an utterance, or assigning the thematic roles agent and patient in a sentence. This dissertation is concerned with Tagalog-speaking children’s use of word order and morphosyntactic markers for thematic role assignment. It aims to explain children’s difficulties in interpreting sentences with a non-canonical order of arguments (i.e., patient-before-agent) by testing the predictions of the following accounts: the frequency account (Demuth, 1989), the Competition model (MacWhinney & Bates, 1989), and the incremental processing account (Trueswell & Gleitman, 2004). Moreover, the experiments in this dissertation test the influence of a word order strategy in a language like Tagalog, where the thematic roles are always unambiguous in a sentence, due to its verb-initial order and its voice-marking system. In Tagalog’s voice-marking system, the inflection on the verb indicates the thematic role of the noun marked by 'ang.' First, the possible basis for a word order strategy in Tagalog was established using a sentence completion experiment given to adults and 5- and 7-year-old children (Chapter 2) and a child-directed speech corpus analysis (Chapter 3). In general, adults and children showed an agent-before-patient preference, although adults’ preference was also affected by sentence voice. Children’s comprehension was then examined through a self-paced listening and picture verification task (Chapter 3) and an eye-tracking and picture selection task (Chapter 4), where word order (agent-initial or patient-initial) and voice (agent voice or patient voice) were manipulated. Offline (i.e., accuracy) and online (i.e., listening times, looks to the target) measures revealed that 5- and 7-year-old Tagalog-speaking children had a bias to interpret the first noun as the agent. Additionally, the use of word order and morphosyntactic markers was found to be modulated by voice. In the agent voice, children relied more on a word order strategy; while in the patient voice, they relied on the morphosyntactic markers. These results are only partially explained by the accounts being tested in this dissertation. Instead, the findings support computational accounts of incremental word prediction and learning such as Chang, Dell, & Bock’s (2006) model. N2 - Eine zentrale Anforderung in der täglichen Kommunikation ist es, in Äußerungen zu identifizieren, wer was wem getan hat, sprich, die thematischen Rollen des Agens und Patiens in einem Satz zuzuweisen. Diese Dissertation behandelt die Nutzung der Wortstellung und morphosyntaktischer Markierungen für diese Zuweisung thematischer Rollen durch Tagalog sprechende Kinder. Das Ziel ist es zu klären, wieso Kinder Schwierigkeiten im Verständnis von Sätzen mit nicht-kanonischer Argumentstellung (z.B., Patiens-vor-Agens) haben. Hierfür wurden die Vorhersagen folgender Modelle getestet: der frequenzbasierte Ansatz (Demuth, 1989), das Konkurrenzmodell (Competition Model; MacWhinney & Bates, 1989), und die Annahme inkrementeller Verarbeitung (Trueswell & Gleitman, 2004). In erster Linie untersuchen die durchgeführten Experimente, die Auswirkungen einer möglichen wortstellungsbasierten Strategie in einer Sprache wie Tagalog, in der die thematische Rollen eines Satzes aufgrund der verbinitialen Wortstellung und der transparenten Diathesemarkierungen immer eindeutig bestimmbar sind. In der Diathesemarkierung in Tagalog deutet die Flexion am Verb die thematische Rolle des Nomens an, das mit 'ang' markiert ist. Zunächst wurde die mögliche Grundlage einer wortstellungsbasierten Strategie in Tagalog ermittelt. Zu diesem Zweck wurde neben einem Satzvervollständigungsexperiment mit Erwachsenen und 5- und 7-jährigen Kindern (Kapitel 2) auch die Analyse eines kindgerichteten Sprachkorpus durchgeführt. Grundsätzlich wiesen die Erwachsenen und Kinder eine Agens-vor-Patiens-Präferenz auf, wobei die Präferenz der Erwachsenen durch die Satzdiathese beeinflusst wurde. Die Verständnisfähigkeiten der Kinder wurde mithilfe einer selbstgesteuerten Hör- und Bildverifizierungsaufgabe (Kapitel 3), und einer Bildauswahlaufgabe mit Blickbewegungsmessung (Kapitel 4) bestimmt. In der letzteren Aufgabe, wurden Wortstellung (Agens-initial oder Patiens-initial) und Diathese (Agens-Diathese oder Patiens-Diathese) manipuliert. Offline- (d.h., Akkuratheit) und Online-Messungen (d.h., Hördauer, Blickdauer) zeigten, dass 5- und 7-jährige, Tagalog sprechende Kinder dazu neigen, das erste Nomen als Agens zu interpretieren. Darüber hinaus wurde festgestellt, dass die Verwendung der Wortstellung und morphosyntaktischer Markierungen durch die Diathese moduliert wird. In der Agens-Diathese verließen sich die Kinder dabei mehr auf die wortstellungsbasierte Strategie, während sie sich in der Patiensdiathese vermehrt auf morphosyntaktische Markierungen stützten. Diese Ergebnisse sind nur teilweise durch die in dieser Dissertation getesteten Ansätze erklärbar. Stattdessen scheinen die Ergebnisse computerbasierte Theorien inkrementeller Wortvorhersage und ihres Erwerbs, wie etwa das Modell von Chang, Dell, & Bock (2006), zu stützen. KW - thematic role assignment KW - Zuweisung thematischer Rollen KW - Tagalog acquisition KW - sentence processing KW - production KW - word order KW - voice KW - Erwerb des Tagalog KW - Satzverarbeitung KW - Produktion KW - Wortstellung KW - Diathese KW - eye-tracking KW - Blickbewegungsmessung Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-421742 CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Garcia, Rowena A1 - Roeser, Jens A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Thematic role assignment in the L1 acquisition of Tagalog BT - use of word order and morphosyntactic markers T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - It is a common finding across languages that young children have problems in understanding patient-initial sentences. We used Tagalog, a verb-initial language with a reliable voice-marking system and highly frequent patient voice constructions, to test the predictions of several accounts that have been proposed to explain this difficulty: the frequency account, the Competition Model, and the incremental processing account. Study 1 presents an analysis of Tagalog child-directed speech, which showed that the dominant argument order is agent-before-patient and that morphosyntactic markers are highly valid cues to thematic role assignment. In Study 2, we used a combined self-paced listening and picture verification task to test how Tagalog-speaking adults and 5- and 7-year-old children process reversible transitive sentences. Results showed that adults performed well in all conditions, while children's accuracy and listening times for the first noun phrase indicated more difficulty in interpreting patient-initial sentences in the agent voice compared to the patient voice. The patient voice advantage is partly explained by both the frequency account and incremental processing account. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 491 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420598 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 491 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Garcia, Rowena A1 - Roeser, Jens A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Children's online use of word order and morphosyntactic markers in Tagalog thematic role assignment BT - an eye-tracking study T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - We investigated whether Tagalog-speaking children incrementally interpret the first noun as the agent, even if verbal and nominal markers for assigning thematic roles are given early in Tagalog sentences. We asked five- and seven-year-old children and adult controls to select which of two pictures of reversible actions matched the sentence they heard, while their looks to the pictures were tracked. Accuracy and eye-tracking data showed that agent-initial sentences were easier to comprehend than patient-initial sentences, but the effect of word order was modulated by voice. Moreover, our eye-tracking data provided evidence that, by the first noun phrase, seven-year-old children looked more to the target in the agent-initial compared to the patient-initial conditions, but this word order advantage was no longer observed by the second noun phrase. The findings support language processing and acquisition models which emphasize the role of frequency in developing heuristic strategies (e.g., Chang, Dell, & Bock, 2006). T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 673 KW - Tagalog acquisition KW - sentence comprehension KW - word order KW - morphosyntax KW - thematic role assignment Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469678 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 673 SP - 533 EP - 555 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kidd, Evan A1 - Garcia, Rowena T1 - How diverse is child language acquisition research? JF - First language N2 - A comprehensive theory of child language acquisition requires an evidential base that is representative of the typological diversity present in the world's 7000 or so languages. However, languages are dying at an alarming rate, and the next 50 years represents the last chance we have to document acquisition in many of them. Here, we take stock of the last 45 years of research published in the four main child language acquisition journals: Journal of Child Language, First Language, Language Acquisition and Language Learning and Development. We coded each article for several variables, including (1) participant group (mono vs multilingual), (2) language(s), (3) topic(s) and (4) country of author affiliation, from each journal's inception until the end of 2020. We found that we have at least one article published on around 103 languages, representing approximately 1.5% of the world's languages. The distribution of articles was highly skewed towards English and other well-studied Indo-European languages, with the majority of non-Indo-European languages having just one paper. A majority of the papers focused on studies of monolingual children, although papers did not always explicitly report participant group status. The distribution of topics across language categories was more even. The number of articles published on non-Indo-European languages from countries outside of North America and Europe is increasing; however, this increase is driven by research conducted in relatively wealthy countries. Overall, the vast majority of the research was produced in the Global North. We conclude that, despite a proud history of crosslinguistic research, the goals of the discipline need to be recalibrated before we can lay claim to truly a representative account of child language acquisition. KW - linguistic diversity KW - child language acquisition KW - typology KW - archival KW - research KW - language coverage Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/01427237211066405 SN - 0142-7237 SN - 1740-2344 VL - 42 IS - 6 SP - 703 EP - 735 PB - Sage CY - London [u.a.] ER -