TY - CHAP A1 - Wang, Zhenyu A1 - Breternitz, Joachim A1 - Schorr, Susan T1 - Cation disorder in zinc-group IV- nitride and oxide nitride semiconductor materials revealed through neutron diffraction T2 - Acta crystallographica / International Union of Crystallography. Section A, Foundations and advances KW - nitride materials KW - semiconductors KW - structure-property relationships Y1 - 2021 SN - 2053-2733 VL - 77 IS - Suppl. SP - C1077 EP - C1077 PB - Blackwell CY - Oxford [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilhelmi, Ilka A1 - Neumann, Alexander A1 - Jähnert, Markus A1 - Ouni, Meriem A1 - Schürmann, Annette T1 - Enriched alternative splicing in islets of diabetes-susceptible mice JF - International journal of molecular sciences N2 - Dysfunctional islets of Langerhans are a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We hypothesize that differences in islet gene expression alternative splicing which can contribute to altered protein function also participate in islet dysfunction. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data from islets of obese diabetes-resistant and diabetes-susceptible mice were analyzed for alternative splicing and its putative genetic and epigenetic modulators. We focused on the expression levels of chromatin modifiers and SNPs in regulatory sequences. We identified alternative splicing events in islets of diabetes-susceptible mice amongst others in genes linked to insulin secretion, endocytosis or ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathways. The expression pattern of 54 histones and chromatin modifiers, which may modulate splicing, were markedly downregulated in islets of diabetic animals. Furthermore, diabetes-susceptible mice carry SNPs in RNA-binding protein motifs and in splice sites potentially responsible for alternative splicing events. They also exhibit a larger exon skipping rate, e.g., in the diabetes gene Abcc8, which might affect protein function. Expression of the neuronal splicing factor Srrm4 which mediates inclusion of microexons in mRNA transcripts was markedly lower in islets of diabetes-prone compared to diabetes-resistant mice, correlating with a preferential skipping of SRRM4 target exons. The repression of Srrm4 expression is presumably mediated via a higher expression of miR-326-3p and miR-3547-3p in islets of diabetic mice. Thus, our study suggests that an altered splicing pattern in islets of diabetes-susceptible mice may contribute to an elevated T2D risk. KW - alternative splicing KW - epigenetic KW - MicroRNA KW - RNAseq KW - diabetes KW - beta-cell KW - failure Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168597 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 22 IS - 16 PB - Molecular Diversity Preservation International CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Farkas, Márton Pál A1 - Hofmann, Hannes A1 - Zimmermann, Günter A1 - Zang, Arno A1 - Bethmann, Falko A1 - Meier, Peter A1 - Cottrell, Mark A1 - Josephson, Neal T1 - Hydromechanical analysis of the second hydraulic stimulation in well PX-1 at the Pohang fractured geothermal reservoir, South Korea JF - Geothermics : an international journal of geothermal research and its applications N2 - In this study, we investigate numerically the hydro-mechanical behavior of fractured crystalline rock due to one of the five hydraulic stimulations at the Pohang Enhanced Geothermal site in South Korea. We use the commercial code FracMan (Golder Associates) that enables studying hydro-mechanical coupled processes in fractured media in three dimensions combining the finite element method with a discrete fracture network. The software is used to simulate fluid pressure perturbation at fractures during hydraulic stimulation. Our numerical simulation shows that pressure history matching can be obtained by partitioning the treatment into separate phases. This results in adjusted stress-aperture relationships. The evolution of aperture adjustment implies that the stimulation mechanism could be a combination of hydraulic fracturing and shearing. The simulated extent of the 0.01 MPa overpressure contour at the end of the treatment equals to similar to 180 m around the injection point. KW - Enhanced Geothermal System KW - Pohang geothermal reservoir KW - hydraulic KW - stimulation KW - PX-1 KW - FracMan Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2020.101990 SN - 0375-6505 SN - 1879-3576 VL - 89 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sedaghatmehr, Mastoureh A1 - Thirumalaikumar, Venkatesh P. A1 - Kamranfar, Iman A1 - Schulz, Karina A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd A1 - Sampathkumar, Arun A1 - Balazadeh, Salma T1 - Autophagy complements metalloprotease FtsH6 in degrading plastid heat shock protein HSP21 during heat stress recovery JF - The journal of experimental botany : an official publication of the Society for Experimental Biology and of the Federation of European Societies of Plant Physiology N2 - Moderate and temporary heat stresses prime plants to tolerate, and survive, a subsequent severe heat stress. Such acquired thermotolerance can be maintained for several days under normal growth conditions, and can create a heat stress memory. We recently demonstrated that plastid-localized small heat shock protein 21 ( HSP21) is a key component of heat stress memory in Arabidopsis thaliana. A sustained high abundance of HSP21 during the heat stress recovery phase extends heat stress memory. The level of HSP21 is negatively controlled by plastid-localized metalloprotease FtsH6 during heat stress recovery. Here, we demonstrate that autophagy, a cellular recycling mechanism, exerts additional control over HSP21 degradation. Genetic and chemical disruption of both metalloprotease activity and autophagy trigger superior HSP21 accumulation, thereby improving memory. Furthermore, we provide evidence that autophagy cargo receptor ATG8-INTERACTING PROTEIN1 (ATI1) is associated with heat stress memory. ATI1 bodies co-localize with both autophagosomes and HSP21, and their abundance and transport to the vacuole increase during heat stress recovery. Together, our results provide new insights into the module for control of the regulation of heat stress memory, in which two distinct protein degradation pathways act in concert to degrade HSP21, thereby enabling cells to recover from the heat stress effect at the cost of reducing the heat stress memory. KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - ATI1 KW - FtsH6 KW - heat stress KW - HSP21 KW - plastid KW - selective autophagy KW - stress memory KW - stress recovery Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab304 SN - 0022-0957 SN - 1460-2431 VL - 72 IS - 21 SP - 7498 EP - 7513 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bindenagel Šehović, Annamarie ED - Govender, Kaymarlin ED - Poku, Nana K. T1 - Protecting the vulnerable BT - human and health security beyond citizenship, exploring the rationale and the possibilities for adolescents T2 - Preventing HIV among young people in Southern and Eastern Africa : Emerging evidence and intervention strategies. - (Routledge Studies in health in Africa ; Vol. 2) N2 - Contemporary pressures of climate change and migration are abetting the spread of (re)emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), including HIV, Ebola and tuberculosis (TB). While the fact remains that any person can become infected, those most affected are vulnerable populations. In Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) these include marginalized groups such as people who sell sex, LGBTI and MSM, but more widely also adolescents. Adolescents and young adults represent a particularly vulnerable group, caught as they are on the cusp between child protections and adult citizenship claims, including to health and educational provisions and protections. Without, or with incomplete claims, members of marginalized and vulnerable communities are excluded from access to provisions and protections of health as part of human security, whether out of apathy, fear or jurisdiction or through (deliberate) neglect. The chapter proceeds through the framework of human security, which puts the security of individuals at the centre of its analysis. This stands in contrast to the 1990s securitization argument which framed HIV as a threat to state security. This chapter analyzes unique challenges of vulnerable adolescent populations as these relate to HIV prevention and treatment access. In doing so, it pays special heed to the “double vulnerability” of non-citizenship and compromised citizenship among this cohort. By invoking the human security paradigm, this chapter explores HIV interventions as they pertain to and aim to protect vulnerable populations beyond borders. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-0-429-46281-8 SN - 978-0-429-87076-7 SP - 110 EP - 124 PB - Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group CY - London ; New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaerer, Daniel A1 - Izotov, Yuri I. A1 - Worseck, Gábor A1 - Berg, Danielle A1 - Chisholm, John A1 - Jaskot, Anne A1 - Nakajima, Kimihiko A1 - Ravindranath, Swara A1 - Thuan, Trinh X. A1 - Verhamme, Anne T1 - Strong Lyman continuum emitting galaxies show intense C IV λ 1550 emission JF - Astronomy and astrophysics N2 - Using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, we have obtained ultraviolet spectra from similar to 1200 to 2000 angstrom of known Lyman continuum (LyC) emitting galaxies at low redshift (z similar to 0.3-0.4) with varying absolute LyC escape fractions ( f(esc) similar to 0.01-0.72). Our observations include in particular the galaxy J1243+4646, which has the highest known LyC escape fraction at low redshift. While all galaxies are known Lyman alpha emitters, we consistently detect an inventory of additional emission lines, including C IV lambda 1550, He II lambda 1640, O III] lambda 1666, and C III] lambda 1909, whose origin is presumably essentially nebular. C IV lambda 1550 emission is detected above 4 sigma in six out of eight galaxies, with equivalent widths of EW(C IV) = 12-15 angstrom for two galaxies, which exceeds the previously reported maximum emission in low-z star-forming galaxies. We detect C IV lambda 1550 emission in all LyC emitters with escape fractions f(esc) > 0.1 and find a tentative increase in the flux ratio C IV lambda 1550 /C III] lambda 1909 with f(esc). Based on the data, we propose a new criterion to select and classify strong leakers (galaxies with f(esc) > 0.1): C IV lambda 1550 /C III] lambda 1909 greater than or similar to 0.75. Finally, we also find He II lambda 1640 emission in all the strong leakers with equivalent widths from 3 to 8 angstrom rest frame. These are among the highest values observed in star-forming galaxies and are primarily due to a high rate of ionizing photon production. The nebular He II lambda 1640 emission of the strong LyC emitters does not require harder ionizing spectra at >54 eV compared to those of typical star-forming galaxies at similarly low metallicity. KW - galaxies: starburst KW - galaxies: high-redshift KW - dark ages, reionization KW - first stars KW - ultraviolet: galaxies Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202243149 SN - 0004-6361 SN - 1432-0746 VL - 658 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Birukov, Anna A1 - Glintborg, Dorte A1 - Schulze, Matthias B. A1 - Jensen, Tina K. A1 - Kuxhaus, Olga A1 - Andersen, Louise B. A1 - Kräker, Kristin A1 - Polemiti, Elli A1 - Jensen, Boye L. A1 - Jørgensen, Jan S. A1 - Dechend, Ralf A1 - Andersen, Marianne S. T1 - Elevated blood pressure in pregnant women with gestational diabetes according to the WHO criteria: importance of overweight JF - Journal of hypertension N2 - Objective: Hypertension before and during early pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in retrospective analyses. We aimed to investigate the prospective blood pressure trackings in a population-based cohort of pregnant women, who were stratified according to their metabolic status in early third trimester. Methods: We recorded blood pressure longitudinally during pregnancy in 1230 women from the Odense Child Cohort, Denmark. Fasting glucose and insulin were measured at gestational weeks 28-30. Metabolic status was evaluated according to the WHO 2013 threshold for GDM (GDM-WHO: fasting plasma glucose >= 5.1 mmol/l), insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Relationships between metabolic status in third trimester and blood pressure trajectories were evaluated with adjusted linear mixed models. Trajectory was defined as blood pressure records in pregnancy per 4 weeks interval. Results: Prevalence of GDM-WHO was 40% (498/1230). GDM-WHO was associated with 1.46 (0.22-2.70) mmHg higher SBP and 1.04 (0.07-2.01) mmHg higher DBP trajectories in the overall cohort. The associations were driven by differences in the overweight group, with 3.14 (1.05-5.25) mmHg higher SBP and 1.94 (0.42-3.47) mmHg higher DBP per 4 weeks in women with GDM-WHO compared with women without GDM-WHO. GDM-WHO was not associated with blood pressure in women with normal weight. Blood pressure trajectories were elevated across quartiles of insulin resistance. Conclusion: GDM-WHO is associated with higher blood pressure in pregnancy, and there appears to be a stronger effect in overweight women. KW - blood pressure KW - gestational diabetes mellitus KW - insulin resistance KW - overweight KW - pregnancy KW - WHO Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000003196 SN - 0263-6352 SN - 1473-5598 VL - 40 IS - 8 SP - 1614 EP - 1623 PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arntz, Fabian A1 - Mkaouer, Bessem A1 - Markov, Adrian A1 - Schoenfeld, Brad Jon A1 - Moran, Jason J. A1 - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo A1 - Behrens, Martin A1 - Baumert, Philipp A1 - Erskine, Robert M. A1 - Hauser, Lukas A1 - Chaabene, Helmi T1 - Effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy in healthy individuals: a systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis JF - Frontiers in physiology N2 - Objective: To examine the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy in healthy individuals. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to September 2021. Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The main overall finding (44 effect sizes across 15 clusters median = 2, range = 1-15 effects per cluster) indicated that plyometric jump training had small to moderate effects [standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.47 (95% CIs = 0.23-0.71); p < 0.001] on skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Subgroup analyses for training experience revealed trivial to large effects in non-athletes [SMD = 0.55 (95% CIs = 0.18-0.93); p = 0.007] and trivial to moderate effects in athletes [SMD = 0.33 (95% CIs = 0.16-0.51); p = 0.001]. Regarding muscle groups, results showed moderate effects for the knee extensors [SMD = 0.72 (95% CIs = 0.66-0.78), p < 0.001] and equivocal effects for the plantar flexors [SMD = 0.65 (95% CIs = -0.25-1.55); p = 0.143]. As to the assessment methods of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, findings indicated trivial to small effects for prediction equations [SMD = 0.29 (95% CIs = 0.16-0.42); p < 0.001] and moderate-to-large effects for ultrasound imaging [SMD = 0.74 (95% CIs = 0.59-0.89); p < 0.001]. Meta-regression analysis indicated that the weekly session frequency moderates the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, with a higher weekly session frequency inducing larger hypertrophic gains [beta = 0.3233 (95% CIs = 0.2041-0.4425); p < 0.001]. We found no clear evidence that age, sex, total training period, single session duration, or the number of jumps per week moderate the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy [beta = -0.0133 to 0.0433 (95% CIs = -0.0387 to 0.1215); p = 0.101-0.751]. Conclusion: Plyometric jump training can induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy, regardless of age and sex. There is evidence for relatively larger effects in non-athletes compared with athletes. Further, the weekly session frequency seems to moderate the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, whereby more frequent weekly plyometric jump training sessions elicit larger hypertrophic adaptations. KW - muscle tissue KW - muscle strength KW - stretch shortening cycle exercise; KW - muscle growth KW - human physical conditioning KW - youth sports KW - aged Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.888464 SN - 1664-042X VL - 13 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - THES A1 - Ranaee, Mahdi T1 - Skepticism: Cartesian and Kantian N2 - This dissertation offers new and original readings of three major texts in the history of Western philosophy: Descartes’s “First Meditation,” Kant’s “Transcendental Deduction,” and his “Refutation of Idealism.” The book argues that each text addresses the problem of skepticism and posits that they have a hitherto underappreciated, organic relationship to one another. The dissertation begins with an analysis of Descartes’ “First Meditation,” which I argue offers two distinct and independent skeptical arguments that differ in both aim and scope. I call these arguments the “veil of ideas” argument and the “author of my origin” argument. My reading counters the standard interpretation of the text, which sees it as offering three stages of doubt, namely the occasional fallibility of the senses, the dream hypothesis, and the evil demon hypothesis. Building on this, the central argument of the dissertation is that Kant’s “Transcendental Deduction” actually transforms and radicalizes Descartes’s Author of My Origin argument, reconceiving its meaning within the framework of Kant’s own transcendental idealist philosophy. Finally, I argue that the Refutation of Idealism offers a similarly radicalized version of Descartes’s Veil of Ideas argument, albeit translated into the framework of transcendental idealism. N2 - Diese Dissertation bietet neue und originelle Lesarten von drei wichtigen Texten in der Geschichte der abendländischen Philosophie: Descartes‘ „Erste Meditation“, Kants „transzendentale Deduktion“ und seine „Widerlegung des Idealismus“. Die Arbeit argumentiert, dass jeder dieser Texte das Problem des Skeptizismus aufgreift, und schlägt vor, dass sie in einer bisher unterschätzten organischen Beziehung zueinander stehen. Die Dissertation beginnt mit einer Analyse von Descartes‘ „Erster Meditation“, die, wie ich behaupte, zwei verschiedene und unabhängige skeptische Argumente enthält, die sich in Ziel und Umfang unterscheiden. Ich nenne diese Argumente das Argument vom „Schleier der Ideen“ und das Argument vom „Urheber meines Ursprungs“. Meine Lesart widerspricht der Standardinterpretation des Textes, die drei Ebenen des Zweifels anbietet, nämlich die gelegentliche Fehlbarkeit der Sinne, die Traumhypothese und die Hypothese des bösen Dämons. Darauf aufbauend ist das zentrale Argument der Arbeit, dass Kants „Transzendentale Deduktion“ Descartes‘ „Urheber meines Ursprungs“-Argument transformiert und radikalisiert, indem sie dessen Bedeutung im Rahmen von Kants eigener transzendental-idealistischer Philosophie neu interpretiert. Schließlich argumentiere ich, dass die Widerlegung des Idealismus eine ähnlich radikalisierte Version von Descartes' Argument des Schleiers der Ideen bietet, wenn auch im Rahmen des transzendentalen Idealismus. KW - Descartes KW - Kant KW - skepticism KW - transcendental Deduction KW - refutation of idealism KW - Descartes KW - Kant KW - transzendentale Deduktion KW - Widerlegung des Idealismus KW - Skeptizismus Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-645652 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zech, Hilmar G. A1 - Reichert, Markus A1 - Ebner-Priemer, Ulrich W. A1 - Tost, Heike A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Heinz, Andreas A1 - Dolan, Raymond J. A1 - Smolka, Michael N. A1 - Deserno, Lorenz T1 - Mobile data collection of cognitive-behavioral tasks in substance use disorders: Where are we now? JF - Neuropsychobiology N2 - Introduction: Over the last decades, our understanding of the cognitive, motivational, and neural processes involved in addictive behavior has increased enormously. A plethora of laboratory-based and cross-sectional studies has linked cognitive-behavioral measures to between-subject differences in drinking behavior. However, such laboratory-based studies inevitably suffer from small sample sizes and the inability to link temporal fluctuations in task measures to fluctuations in real-life substance use. To overcome these problems, several existing behavioral tasks have been transferred to smartphones to allow studying cognition in the field. Method: In this narrative review, we first summarize studies that used existing behavioral tasks in the laboratory and self-reports of substance use with ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in the field. Next, we review studies on psychometric properties of smartphone-based behavioral tasks. Finally, we review studies that used both smartphone-based tasks and self-reports with EMA in the field. Results: Overall, studies were scarce and heterogenous both in tasks and in study outcomes. Nevertheless, existing findings are promising and point toward several methodological recommendations: concerning psychometrics, studies show that - although more systematic studies are necessary - task validity and reliability can be improved, for example, by analyzing several measurement sessions at once rather than analyzing sessions separately. Studies that use tasks in the field, moreover, show that power can be improved by choosing sampling schemes that combine time-based with event-based sampling, rather than relying on time-based sampling alone. Increasing sampling frequency can further increase power. However, as this also increases the burden to participants, more research is necessary to determine the ideal sampling frequency for each task. Conclusion: Although more research is necessary to systematically study both the psychometrics of smartphone-based tasks and the frequency at which task measures fluctuate, existing studies are promising and reveal important methodological recommendations useful for researchers interested in implementing behavioral tasks in EMA studies. KW - Ecological momentary assessment KW - Behavioral tasks KW - Smartphone KW - Substance use KW - Addiction Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1159/000523697 SN - 0302-282X SN - 1423-0224 VL - 81 IS - 5 SP - 438 EP - 450 PB - Karger CY - Basel ER -