TY - JOUR A1 - Wittek, Laura A1 - Touma, Chadi A1 - Nitezki, Tina A1 - Laeger, Thomas A1 - Krämer, Stephanie A1 - Raila, Jens T1 - Reduction in cold stress in an innovative metabolic cage housing system increases animal welfare in laboratory mice JF - Animals N2 - Housing in metabolic cages can induce a pronounced stress response. Metabolic cage systems imply housing mice on metal wire mesh for the collection of urine and feces in addition to monitoring food and water intake. Moreover, mice are single-housed, and no nesting, bedding, or enrichment material is provided, which is often argued to have a not negligible impact on animal welfare due to cold stress. We therefore attempted to reduce stress during metabolic cage housing for mice by comparing an innovative metabolic cage (IMC) with a commercially available metabolic cage from Tecniplast GmbH (TMC) and a control cage. Substantial refinement measures were incorporated into the IMC cage design. In the frame of a multifactorial approach for severity assessment, parameters such as body weight, body composition, food intake, cage and body surface temperature (thermal imaging), mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT), fur score, and fecal corticosterone metabolites (CMs) were included. Female and male C57BL/6J mice were single-housed for 24 h in either conventional Macrolon cages (control), IMC, or TMC for two sessions. Body weight decreased less in the IMC (females—1st restraint: −6.94%; 2nd restraint: −6.89%; males—1st restraint: −8.08%; 2nd restraint: −5.82%) compared to the TMC (females—1st restraint: −13.2%; 2nd restraint: −15.0%; males—1st restraint: −13.1%; 2nd restraint: −14.9%) and the IMC possessed a higher cage temperature (females—1st restraint: 23.7 °C; 2nd restraint: 23.5 °C; males—1st restraint: 23.3 °C; 2nd restraint: 23.5 °C) compared with the TMC (females—1st restraint: 22.4 °C; 2nd restraint: 22.5 °C; males—1st restraint: 22.6 °C; 2nd restraint: 22.4 °C). The concentration of fecal corticosterone metabolites in the TMC (females—1st restraint: 1376 ng/g dry weight (DW); 2nd restraint: 2098 ng/g DW; males—1st restraint: 1030 ng/g DW; 2nd restraint: 1163 ng/g DW) was higher compared to control cage housing (females—1st restraint: 640 ng/g DW; 2nd restraint: 941 ng/g DW; males—1st restraint: 504 ng/g DW; 2nd restraint: 537 ng/g DW). Our results show the stress potential induced by metabolic cage restraint that is markedly influenced by the lower housing temperature. The IMC represents a first attempt to target cold stress reduction during metabolic cage application thereby producing more animal welfare friendlydata. KW - metabolic cage KW - laboratory mice KW - refinement KW - animal welfare Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13182866 SN - 2076-2615 VL - 13 IS - 18 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vanoncini, Monica A1 - Höhl, Stefanie A1 - Elsner, Birgit A1 - Wallot, Sebastian A1 - Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie A1 - Kayhan, Ezgi T1 - Mother-infant social gaze dynamics relate to infant brain activity and word segmentation JF - Developmental cognitive neuroscience : a journal for cognitive, affective and social developmental neuroscience N2 - The ‘social brain’, consisting of areas sensitive to social information, supposedly gates the mechanisms involved in human language learning. Early preverbal interactions are guided by ostensive signals, such as gaze patterns, which are coordinated across body, brain, and environment. However, little is known about how the infant brain processes social gaze in naturalistic interactions and how this relates to infant language development. During free-play of 9-month-olds with their mothers, we recorded hemodynamic cortical activity of ´social brain` areas (prefrontal cortex, temporo-parietal junctions) via fNIRS, and micro-coded mother’s and infant’s social gaze. Infants’ speech processing was assessed with a word segmentation task. Using joint recurrence quantification analysis, we examined the connection between infants’ ´social brain` activity and the temporal dynamics of social gaze at intrapersonal (i.e., infant’s coordination, maternal coordination) and interpersonal (i.e., dyadic coupling) levels. Regression modeling revealed that intrapersonal dynamics in maternal social gaze (but not infant’s coordination or dyadic coupling) coordinated significantly with infant’s cortical activity. Moreover, recurrence quantification analysis revealed that intrapersonal maternal social gaze dynamics (in terms of entropy) were the best predictor of infants’ word segmentation. The findings support the importance of social interaction in language development, particularly highlighting maternal social gaze dynamics. KW - functional near-infrared spectroscopy KW - infant word segmentation KW - social gaze KW - mother-infant interactions KW - entropy KW - recurrence quantification analysis Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101331 SN - 1878-9293 SN - 1878-9307 VL - 65 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fenn, Monika T1 - Professionalisierung für das Unterrichten gesellschaftswissenschaftlicher Fächerverbünde BT - Vergleichendes Resümee, Diskussion und Impulse Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-7344-1584-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.46499/9783756615841 SP - 219 EP - 252 PB - Wochenschau Verlag CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wienecke, Maik T1 - Das Fach Gesellschaftswissenschaften an Brandenburger Schulen und als Studienfach an der Universität Potsdam JF - Professionalisierung für das Unterrichten gesellschaftswissenschaftlicher Fächerverbünde Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-7344-1584-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.46499/9783756615841 SP - 59 EP - 74 PB - Wochenschau Verlag CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - BOOK ED - Fenn, Monika ED - Wienecke, Maik ED - Witt, Dirk T1 - Professionalisierung für das Unterrichten gesellschaftswissenschaftlicher Fächerverbünde Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-7344-1584-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.46499/9783756615841 PB - Wochenschau Verlag CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bernardi, Rafael L. A1 - Berdja, Amokrane A1 - Guzman, Christian Dani A1 - Torres-Torriti, Miguel A1 - Roth, Martin M. T1 - Restoration of T80-S telescope's images using neural networks JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been used for a wide range of applications in astronomy, including for the restoration of degraded images using a spatially invariant point spread function (PSF) across the field of view. Most existing development techniques use a single PSF in the deconvolution process, which is unrealistic when spatially variable PSFs are present in real observation conditions. Such conditions are simulated in this work to yield more realistic data samples. We propose a method that uses a simulated spatially variable PSF for the T80-South (T80-S) telescope, an 80-cm survey imager at Cerro Tololo (Chile). The synthetic data use real parameters from the detector noise and atmospheric seeing to recreate the T80-S observational conditions for the CNN training. The method is tested on real astronomical data from the T80-S telescope. We present the simulation and training methods, the results from real T80-S image CNN prediction, and a comparison with space observatory Gaia. A CNN can fix optical aberrations, which include image distortion, PSF size and profile, and the field position variation while preserving the source's flux. The proposed restoration approach can be applied to other optical systems and to post-process adaptive optics static residual aberrations in large-diameter telescopes. KW - methods: statistical KW - techniques: image processing KW - software: data KW - analysis Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2050 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 524 IS - 2 SP - 3068 EP - 3082 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Homolka, Walter T1 - Religionen und Staat im Weimarer Dreieck BT - Koexistenz erfordert Rahmenbedingungen T2 - Recht und Religionen im Weimarer Dreieck - Europäische Anforderungen und Chancen Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-7560-0512-3 SN - 978-3-7489-3835-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748938354-233 VL - 1 SP - 233 EP - 242 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - GEN A1 - Vorpahl, Daniel T1 - Jonah T2 - Encyclopedia of Jewish-Christian Relations Online N2 - In the Masoretic canon of the Tanakh the book of Jonah appears as the fifth part of Tre Assar, or Twelve Minor Prophets, between Obadiah and Micah. In the Septuagint, on the other hand, Jonah appears as the sixth book in the series, and is followed immediately by Nahum. As both Jonah and Nahum speak out against the city of Nineveh, their chronology became an issue early in their discourses of reception (Liv. Pro. 11:1; Josephus, Ant. 9:239–242; Tg.Nah 1:1). Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/ejcro.17349041 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin/Boston ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mitsch, Wolfgang ED - Vormbaum, Moritz T1 - Verfolgbarkeit von Mordgehilfen 75 Jahre nach der Tat T2 - Spätverfolgung von NS-Unrecht N2 - Die Zulässigkeit der Durchführung von Strafverfahren wegen Mord-Taten, die vor Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs und somit vor einem Dreivierteljahrhundert begangen wurden, hängt von der Einschlägigkeit des § 78 Abs. 2 StGB ab. Der Autor hält die Anwendung dieser Norm für einen Verstoß gegen das Rückwirkungsverbot des Art. 103 Abs. 2 GG. Er wendet sich zudem gegen die Einbeziehung der Beihilfe zum Mord in den Tatbestand des § 78 Abs. 2 StGB. Der Justiz wirft er vor, dass in den Verfahren und Urteilen der räumliche Geltungsbereich des deutschen Strafrechts nicht thematisiert wird. Schließlich macht er auf Widersprüche zu Prinzipien des Jugendstrafrechts aufmerksam. Dem Gesetzgeber empfiehlt er die Abschaffung des § 78 Abs. 2 StGB. KW - Verjährung KW - Rückwirkungsverbot KW - intertemporales Strafrecht KW - internationales Strafrecht KW - Mord KW - Beihilfe KW - Jugendstrafrecht Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-662-66477-3 SN - 978-3-662-66478-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66478-0_17 SP - 249 EP - 262 PB - Springer CY - Berlin, Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ruszkiewicz, Joanna A1 - Papatheodorou, Ylea A1 - Jäck, Nathalie A1 - Melzig, Jasmin A1 - Eble, Franziska A1 - Pirker, Annika A1 - Thomann, Marius A1 - Haberer, Andreas A1 - Rothmiller, Simone A1 - Bürkle, Alexander A1 - Mangerich, Aswin T1 - NAD+ Acts as a protective factor in cellular stress response to DNA alkylating agents JF - Cells : open access journal N2 - Sulfur mustard (SM) and its derivatives are potent genotoxic agents, which have been shown to trigger the activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and the depletion of their substrate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). NAD+ is an essential molecule involved in numerous cellular pathways, including genome integrity and DNA repair, and thus, NAD+ supplementation might be beneficial for mitigating mustard-induced (geno)toxicity. In this study, the role of NAD+ depletion and elevation in the genotoxic stress response to SM derivatives, i.e., the monofunctional agent 2-chloroethyl-ethyl sulfide (CEES) and the crosslinking agent mechlorethamine (HN2), was investigated with the use of NAD+ booster nicotinamide riboside (NR) and NAD+ synthesis inhibitor FK866. The effects were analyzed in immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) or monocyte-like cell line THP-1. In HaCaT cells, NR supplementation, increased NAD+ levels, and elevated PAR response, however, did not affect ATP levels or DNA damage repair, nor did it attenuate long- and short-term cytotoxicities. On the other hand, the depletion of cellular NAD+ via FK866 sensitized HaCaT cells to genotoxic stress, particularly CEES exposure, whereas NR supplementation, by increasing cellular NAD+ levels, rescued the sensitizing FK866 effect. Intriguingly, in THP-1 cells, the NR-induced elevation of cellular NAD+ levels did attenuate toxicity of the mustard compounds, especially upon CEES exposure. Together, our results reveal that NAD+ is an important molecule in the pathomechanism of SM derivatives, exhibiting compound-specificity. Moreover, the cell line-dependent protective effects of NR are indicative of system-specificity of the application of this NAD+ booster. KW - nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide KW - NAD booster; KW - mustard agents KW - nicotinamide riboside KW - DNA damage KW - sulfur mustard KW - poly(ADP-ribosylation) KW - PARP Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12192396 SN - 2073-4409 VL - 12 IS - 19 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER -