TY - JOUR A1 - Jordan, Thomas A1 - Fechler, Nina A1 - Xu, Jingsan A1 - Brenner, Thomas J. K. A1 - Antonietti, Markus A1 - Shalom, Menny T1 - "Caffeine Doping" of Carbon/Nitrogen-Based Organic Catalysts: Caffeine as a Supramolecular Edge Modifier for the Synthesis of Photoactive Carbon Nitride Tubes JF - ChemCatChem : heterogeneous & homogeneous & bio- & nano-catalysis ; a journal of ChemPubSoc Europe N2 - An alternative method for the structure tuning of carbon nitride materials by using a supramolecular approach in combination with caffeine as lining-agent is described. The self-assembly of the precursor complex consisting of melamine and cyanuric acid can be controlled by this doping molecule in terms of morphology, electronic, and photophysical properties. Caffeine is proposed to insert as an edge-molecule eventually leading to hollow tube-like carbon nitride structures with improved efficiency of charge formation. Compared to the bulk carbon nitride, the caffeine-doped analogue possesses a higher photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamineB dye. Furthermore, this approach is also shown to be suitable for the modification of carbon nitride electrodes. KW - caffeine KW - carbon nitride KW - films KW - photocatalysis KW - supramolecular chemistry Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201500343 SN - 1867-3880 SN - 1867-3899 VL - 7 IS - 18 SP - 2826 EP - 2830 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riemer, Nathanael T1 - "So it happened that we went to war because we were Zionists, and not: even though we are Jews." Nationalist-Jewish German Patriotism at the Start of World War I as Reflected in the Jüdische Rundschau JF - Historisches Jahrbuch N2 - The following article aims to show how the Zionist movement defined its loyalty to Zionism, Germany, and German culture, as well as its reaction to the First World War. Central to the Zionist movement was the "creation of a home for Jewish people secured by public law." This is why superficial examinations assume that for Zionists the conflicts of the European powers were important only as they affected the pursuit of their own political agendas, an impression intensified by their posture of reserve towards military service. Crucial for Zionist positions on the First World War are the discourses revolving around the relationship between German culture, patriotism, and loyalty within the movement. This project is conducted with the help of the Judische Rundschau (JR; Jewish Review), which functions as the official organ of the "Zionistische Vereinigung fur Deutschland" (ZVfD; Zionist Association of Germany). Y1 - 2015 SN - 0018-2621 VL - 135 SP - 412 EP - 452 PB - Alber CY - Freiburg Breisgau ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hurley, Andrew Wright A1 - Schwarz, Anja T1 - "The greatest son of our Heimat": reading German Leichhardts across the National Socialist era JF - Journal of Australian studies N2 - The article discusses German commemorations of Ludwig Leichhardt (1813-1848) in the National Socialist era when officials, journalists, educators and writers, spurred by the double anniversary of the explorer's 125th birthday and the 90th anniversary of his disappearance, began to re-imagine the explorer's life and fate in the light of the ideological imperatives of the day. Our analysis of this period pays particular attention to how these reimagined Leichhardts emphasise or neglect some of the key elements that make up his story to this day, among them: Leichhardt's ethnicity; his sense of attachment to place and home; his homosocial relationships; his evasion of Prussian military service; his role in the British colonial project; and finally, his engagements with Aborigines. On the one hand, our analysis reveals, how Leichhardt was portrayed first on the local and, later, the national level in ways that increasingly sought to elide ambiguous aspects of his life and deeds. However, it also uncovers some of the ideological labour required to render him useful to the National Socialist cause. Often enough, these re-imagined Leichhardts escaped party politics, and cast up some of the logical inconsistencies and limits to key terms in National Socialist thinking. KW - Ludwig Leichhardt KW - National Socialism KW - exploration KW - German colonialism KW - memory studies Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2015.1076025 SN - 1444-3058 SN - 1835-6419 VL - 39 IS - 4 SP - 529 EP - 545 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiese, Heike T1 - "This migrants' babble is not a German dialect!": The interaction of standard language ideology and 'us'/'them' dichotomies in the public discourse on a multiethnolect JF - Language in society N2 - This article investigates a public debate in Germany that put a special spotlight on the interaction of standard language ideologies with social dichotomies, centering on the question of whether Kiezdeutsch, a new way of speaking in multilingual urban neighbourhoods, is a legitimate German dialect. Based on a corpus of emails and postings to media websites, I analyse central topoi in this debate and an underlying narrative on language and identity. Central elements of this narrative are claims of cultural elevation and cultural unity for an idealised standard language High German', a view of German dialects as part of a national folk culture, and the construction of an exclusive in-group of German' speakers who own this language and its dialects. The narrative provides a potent conceptual frame for the Othering of Kiezdeutsch and its speakers, and for the projection of social and sometimes racist deliminations onto the linguistic plane. KW - Standard language ideology KW - Kiezdeutsch KW - dialect KW - public discourse KW - Othering KW - racism by proxy Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404515000226 SN - 0047-4045 SN - 1469-8013 VL - 44 IS - 3 SP - 341 EP - 368 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schrapers, Peer A1 - Hartmann, Tobias A1 - Kositzki, Ramona A1 - Dau, Holger A1 - Reschke, Stefan A1 - Schulzke, Carola A1 - Leimkühler, Silke A1 - Haumann, Michael T1 - 'Sulfido and Cysteine Ligation Changes at the Molybdenum Cofactor during Substrate Conversion by Formate Dehydrogenase (FDH) from Rhodobacter capsulatus JF - Inorganic chemistry N2 - Formate dehydrogenase (FDH) enzymes are attractive catalysts for potential carbon dioxide conversion applications. The FDH from Rhodobacter capsulatus (RcFDH) binds a bis-molybdopterin-guanine-dinucleotide (bis-MGD) cofactor, facilitating reversible formate (HCOO-) to CO2 oxidation. We characterized the molecular structure of the active site of wildtype RcFDH and protein variants using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Mo K-edge. This approach has revealed concomitant binding of a sulfido ligand (Mo=S) and a conserved cysteine residue (S(Cys386)) to Mo(VI) in the active oxidized molybdenum cofactor (Moco), retention of such a coordination motif at Mo(V) in a chemically reduced enzyme, and replacement of only the S(Cys386) ligand by an oxygen of formate upon Mo(IV) formation. The lack of a Mo=S bond in RcFDH expressed in the absence of FdsC implies specific metal sulfuration by this bis-MGD binding chaperone. This process still functioned in the Cys386Ser variant, showing no Mo-S(Cys386) ligand, but retaining a Mo=S bond. The C386S variant and the protein expressed without FdsC were inactive in formate oxidation, supporting that both Moligands are essential for catalysis. Low-pH inhibition of RcFDH was attributed to protonation at the conserved His387, supported by the enhanced activity of the His387Met variant at low pH, whereas inactive cofactor species showed sulfido-to-oxo group exchange at the Mo ion. Our results support that the sulfido and S(Cys386) ligands at Mo and a hydrogen-bonded network including His387 are crucial for positioning, deprotonation, and oxidation of formate during the reaction cycle of RcFDH. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/ic502880y SN - 0020-1669 SN - 1520-510X VL - 54 IS - 7 SP - 3260 EP - 3271 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paz, Cristian A1 - Becerra, Jose A1 - Silva, Mario A1 - Burgos, Viviana A1 - Heydenreich, Matthias A1 - Schmidt, Bernd A1 - Thu Tran, A1 - Vetter, Irina T1 - (-)-Pentylsedinine, a New Alkaloid from the Leaves of Lobelia tupa with Agonist Activity at Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor JF - Natural product communications : an international journal for communications and reviews N2 - Lobelia tupa, also called devil's tobacco, is a native plant from the center-south of Chile which has been used by the native people of Chile as a hallucinogenic and anesthetic plant. A new piperidine alkaloid, called pentylsedinine, which comprises five carbons in the side chain, was isolated from the aerial part of L. tupa, along with lobeline and lobelanidine. The structure was established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. While lobeline is a neutral antagonist at alpha 3 beta 2/alpha 3 beta 4 nAChR and alpha 7 nAChR, both lobelanidine and pentylsedinine act as partial agonists at nAChR KW - Lobelia tupa KW - Piperidine alkaloid KW - nAChR KW - Pentylsedinine Y1 - 2015 SN - 1934-578X SN - 1555-9475 VL - 10 IS - 8 SP - 1355 EP - 1357 PB - NPC CY - Westerville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shaki, Samuel A1 - Sery, Noa A1 - Fischer, Martin H. T1 - 1 + 2 is more than 2 + 1: Violations of commutativity and identity axioms in mental arithmetic JF - Journal of cognitive psychology N2 - Over the past decade or so, a large number of studies have revealed that conceptual meaning is sensitive to situational context. More recently, similar contextual influences have been documented in the domain of number knowledge. Here we show such context dependency in a length production task. Adult participants saw single digit addition problems of the form n1 + n2 and produced the sum by changing bi-directionally the length of a horizontally extended line, using radially arranged buttons. We found that longer lines were produced when n1 < n2 compared to n1 > n2 and that unit size increased with result size. Thus, the mathematical axioms of commutativity and identity do not seem to hold in mental addition. We discuss implications of these observations for our understanding of cognitive mechanisms involved in mental arithmetic and for situated cognition generally. KW - Operand order effect KW - Situated cognition KW - Mental number line KW - SNARC KW - Operational momentum Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2014.973414 SN - 2044-5911 SN - 2044-592X VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 471 EP - 477 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haarhuis, Daniela T1 - 10 Jahre Responsibility to Protect : Ein Sieg für die Menschenrechte? BT - Eine politik- und rechtswissenschaftliche Analyse JF - MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-84221 SN - 1434-2820 VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 19 EP - 28 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kolocouris, Antonios A1 - Koch, Andreas A1 - Kleinpeter, Erich A1 - Stylianakis, Ioannis T1 - 2-Substituted and 2,2-disubstituted adamantane derivatives as models for studying substituent chemical shifts and C-H-ax center dot center dot center dot Y-ax cyclohexane contacts-results from experimental and theoretical NMR spectroscopic chemical shifts and DFT structures JF - Tetrahedron N2 - The complete H-1 and C-13 NMR chemical shifts assignment for various 2-substituted and 2,2-disubstituted adamantane derivatives 1-38 in CDCl3 solution was realized on the basis of NMR experiments combined with chemical structure information and DFT-GIAO (B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)-GIAO) calculations of chemical shifts in solution. Substituent-induced C-13 NMR chemical shifts (SCS) are discussed. C-H-ax center dot center dot center dot Y-ax contacts are a textbook prototype of steric hindrance in organic chemistry. The nature of these contacts will be further investigated in this work on basis of new adamantane derivatives, which are substituted at C-2 to provide models for 1,4-C-H-ax center dot center dot center dot Y-ax and 1,5-C-H-ax center dot center dot center dot Y-ax contacts. The B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) calculations predicted the presence of NBO hyperconjugative attractive interactions between C-H-ax and Y-ax groups along C-H-ax center dot center dot center dot Y-ax contacts. The H-1 NMR signal separation, Delta delta(gamma-CH2), reflects the strength of the H-bonded C-H-ax center dot center dot center dot Y-ax contact. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - 2-Substituted adamantane derivatives KW - 2,2-Disubstituted adamantane derivatives KW - H-1 NMR KW - C-13 NMR KW - B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) calculations KW - GIAO calculations KW - Substituent chemical shifts Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2015.01.044 SN - 0040-4020 VL - 71 IS - 16 SP - 2463 EP - 2481 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Evans, Chris J. A1 - van Loon, Jacco Th. A1 - Hainich, Rainer A1 - Bailey, M. T1 - 2dF-AAOmega spectroscopy of massive stars in the Magellanic Clouds The north-eastern region of the Large Magellanic Cloud JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal N2 - We present spectral classifications from optical spectroscopy of 263 massive stars in the north-eastern region of the Large Magellanic Cloud. The observed two-degree field includes the massive 30 Doradus star-forming region, the environs of SN1987A, and a number of star-forming complexes to the south of 30 Dor. These are the first classifications for the majority (203) of the stars and include eleven double-lined spectroscopic binaries. The sample also includes the first examples of early OC-type spectra (AA Omega 30 Dor 248 and 280), distinguished by the weakness of their nitrogen spectra and by C IV lambda 4658 emission. We propose that these stars have relatively unprocessed CNO abundances compared to morphologically normal O-type stars, indicative of an earlier evolutionary phase. From analysis of observations obtained on two consecutive nights, we present radial-velocity estimates for 233 stars, finding one apparent single-lined binary and nine (>3 sigma) outliers compared to the systemic velocity; the latter objects could be runaway stars or large-amplitude binary systems and further spectroscopy is required to investigate their nature. KW - Magellanic Clouds KW - stars: early-type KW - stars: fundamental parameters KW - open clusters and associations: general Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525882 SN - 1432-0746 VL - 584 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER -