TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mueller, K.
A1  - Raila, Jens
A1  - Altenkamp, Rainer
A1  - Schmidt, D.
A1  - Dietrich, R.
A1  - Hurtienne, Andrea
A1  - Wink, M.
A1  - Krone, O.
A1  - Brunnberg, Leo
A1  - Schweigert, Florian J.
T1  - Concentrations of retinol, 3,4-didehydroretinol, and retinyl esters in plasma of free-ranging birds of prey
JF  - Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition
N2  - This study investigated vitamin A compounds in the plasma of healthy free-ranging Central European raptors with different feeding strategies. Plasma samples of nestlings of white-tailed sea eagle [white-tailed sea eagle (WTSE), Haliaeetus albicilla) (n = 32), osprey (Pandion haliaetus) (n = 39), northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) (n = 25), common buzzard (Buteo buteo) (n = 31), and honey buzzard (Pernis apivorus) (n = 18) and adults of WTSE (n = 10), osprey (n = 31), and northern goshawk (n = 45) were investigated with reversed-phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). In WTSE, northern goshawks and common buzzards retinol were the main plasma component of vitamin A, whilst in ospreys and honey buzzards, 3,4-didehydroretinol predominated. The median of the retinol plasma concentration in the nestlings group ranged from 0.12 to 3.80 mu M and in the adult group from 0.15 to 6.13 mu M. Median plasma concentrations of 3,4-didehydroretinol in nestlings ranged from 0.06 to 3.55 mu M. In adults, northern goshawks had the lowest plasma concentration of 3,4-didehydroretinol followed by WTSE and ospreys. The plasma of all investigated species contained retinyl esters (palmitate, oleate, and stearate). The results show considerable species-specific differences in the vitamin A plasma concentrations that might be caused by different nutrition strategies.
KW  - birds of prey
KW  - plasma
KW  - retinol
KW  - 3,4-didehydroretinol
KW  - retinyl esters
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01219.x
SN  - 0931-2439
VL  - 96
IS  - 6
SP  - 1044
EP  - 1053
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Alter, Markus L.
A1  - Ott, Ina M.
A1  - von Websky, Karoline
A1  - Tsuprykov, Oleg
A1  - Sharkovska, Yuliya
A1  - Krause-Relle, Katharina
A1  - Raila, Jens
A1  - Henze, Andrea
A1  - Klein, Thomas
A1  - Hocher, Berthold
T1  - DPP-4 Inhibition on top of angiotensin receptor blockade offers a new therapeutic approach for diabetic nephropathy
JF  - Kidney & blood pressure research : official organ of the Gesellschaft für Nephrologie
N2  - Background: The need for an improved treatment for diabetic nephropathy is greatest in patients who do not adequately respond to angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). This study investigated the effect of the novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin alone and in combination with the ARB telmisartan on the progression of diabetic nephropathy in diabetic endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) knockout mice. Methods: Sixty male eNOS knockout C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups after receiving intraperitoneal high-dose streptozotocin: telmisartan (1 mg/kg), linagliptin (3 mg/kg), linagliptin + telmisartan (3 mg/kg + 1 mg/kg) and vehicle. Fourteen mice were used as non-diabetic controls. Results: After 12 weeks, urine and blood were obtained and blood pressure measured. Glucose concentrations were increased and similar in all diabetic groups. Telmisartan alone reduced systolic blood pressure by 5.9 mmHg versus diabetic controls (111.2 +/- 2.3 mmHg vs 117.1 +/- 2.2 mmHg; mean +/- SEM; P = 0.071). Combined treatment significantly reduced albuminuria compared with diabetic controls (71.7 +/- 15.3 mu g/24 h vs 170.8 +/- 34.2 mu g/24 h; P = 0.017), whereas the effects of single treatment with either telmisartan (97.8 +/- 26.4 mu g/24 h) or linagliptin (120.8 +/- 37.7 mu g/24 h) were not statistically significant. DPP-4 inhibition, alone and in combination, led to significantly lower plasma osteopontin levels compared with telmisartan alone. Histological analysis revealed reduced glomerulosclerosis after Linagliptin alone and in combination with telmisartan in comparison to non treated diabetic animals (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). Kidney malonaldehyde immune-reactivity, a marker of oxidative stress, was significantly lower in animals treated with linagliptin. Conclusions: DPP-4 inhibition on top of ARB treatment significantly reduced urinary albumin excretion and oxidative stress in diabetic eNOS knockout mice. Linagliptin on top of an angiotensin II receptor blocker may offer a new therapeutic approach for patients with diabetic nephropathy.
KW  - Diabetic nephropathy
KW  - DPP-4 inhibitor
KW  - Linagliptin
KW  - Renin-angiotensin system
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1159/000341487
SN  - 1420-4096
VL  - 36
IS  - 1
SP  - 119
EP  - 130
PB  - Karger
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Graf, Christine
A1  - Raila, Jens
A1  - Schweigert, Florian J.
A1  - Kohn, Barbara
T1  - Effect of leukoreduction treatment on vascular endothelial growth factor concentration in stored canine blood transfusion products
JF  - American journal of veterinary research
N2  - Objective-To evaluate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations in canine blood products treated with or without a leukoreduction filter.
 Sample-10 canine blood donors.
 Procedures-Dogs underwent blood collection. Five of 10 units were leukoreduced prior to separation into packed RBCs and fresh frozen plasma (FFP). Concentrations of VEGF were measured by ELISA in plasma supernatants from aliquots of packed RBCs obtained immediately after separation and on days 7, 14, and 21 of storage. Fresh frozen plasma samples of 2 filtered and 2 nonfiltered units were examined after storage.
 Results-RBC counts in whole blood before and after leukoreduction did not differ significantly, but WBCs and platelets were removed effectively. The VEGF concentration was lower than the detection limit (9 pg/mL) in 9 of 10 plasma samples and in all packed RBC and FFP units immediately after separation. The median VEGF concentrations in 5 nonfiltered packed RBC units were 37, 164, and 110 pg/mL on days 7, 14, and 21 of storage, respectively. In 5 filtered packed RBC and all FFP units, VEGF concentrations remained lower than the detection limit.
 Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Leukoreduction filters were effective in preventing the release of VEGF during storage of canine RBC products.
Y1  - 2012
SN  - 0002-9645
SN  - 1943-5681
VL  - 73
IS  - 12
SP  - 2001
EP  - 2006
PB  - American Veterinary Medical Association
CY  - Schaumburg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ungru, J.
A1  - Blüher, M.
A1  - Cönen, M.
A1  - Raila, Jens
A1  - Boston, R.
A1  - Vervuert, I.
T1  - Effects of body weight reduction on blood adipokines and subcutaneous adipose tissue adipokine mRNA expression profiles in obese ponies
JF  - The veterinary record
N2  - Fifteen obese ponies were used in a body weight (BW) reduction programme (BWRP, daily energy intake: 7.0-8.4 MJ/100 kg BW). A frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test was used to assess insulin sensitivity. Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies of the tail head were obtained for mRNA gene expression profiles of adiponectin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and macrophage activation marker (CD68) before and after BWRP. Blood samples were analysed for serum leptin, serum RBP4 and plasma adiponectin. Significant BW losses occurred with 7 MJ DE/100 kg BW. Serum leptin and RBP4 were initially similar between insulin-resistant (IR) and insulin-sensitive (IS) ponies, and both significantly decreased during BWRP. Compared with IS ponies, IR ponies initially had significantly lower plasma adiponectin levels. At the beginning of BWRP, mRNA expression of RBP4, adiponectin, IL-6 and CD68 was similar between IR and IS ponies. Plasma adiponectin was strongly related to IR, whereas serum leptin and RBP4 were closely linked to adiposity, independent of insulin sensitivity. Adipose tissue mRNA expression profiles did not clearly reflect these differences. However, the role of subcutaneous adipose tissue in IR remains open.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.100911
SN  - 0042-4900
VL  - 171
IS  - 21
SP  - 528
EP  - +
PB  - British Veterinary Association
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ott, Ina M.
A1  - Alter, Markus L.
A1  - von Websky, Karoline
A1  - Kretschmer, Axel
A1  - Tsuprykov, Oleg
A1  - Sharkovska, Yuliya
A1  - Krause-Relle, Katharina
A1  - Raila, Jens
A1  - Henze, Andrea
A1  - Stasch, Johannes-Peter
A1  - Hocher, Berthold
T1  - Effects of Stimulation of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase on Diabetic
 Nephropathy in Diabetic eNOS Knockout Mice on Top of Angiotensin II
 Receptor Blockade
JF  - PLOS ONE
N2  - The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its complications, such as diabetic nephropathy (DN), is rising worldwide and prevention and treatment are therefore becoming increasingly important. Therapy of DN is particularly important for patients who do not adequately respond to angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) treatment. Novel approaches include the stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) as it is reported to have beneficial effects on cardiac and renal damage. We aimed to investigate the effects of the sGC stimulator riociguat and ARB telmisartan on kidney function and structure in a hypertensive model of diabetic nephropathy. Seventy-six diabetic male eNOS knockout C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided after having received streptozotocin: telmisartan (1 mg/kg/d), riociguat (3 mg/kg/d), riociguat+telmisartan (3+1 mg/kg/d), and vehicle. Fourteen mice were used as non-diabetic controls. Treatment duration was 11 weeks. Glucose concentrations were increased and similar in all diabetic groups. Telmisartan insignificantly reduced blood pressure by 5.9 mmHg compared with diabetic controls (111.2 +/- 2.3 mmHg vs. 117.1 +/- 2.2 mmHg; p = 0.071). Treatment with riociguat both alone and in combination with telmisartan led to a significant reduction of blood pressure towards diabetic vehicle (105.2 +/- 2.5 mmHg and 105.0 +/- 3.2 mmHg, respectively, vs. 117.1 +/- 2.2 mmHg). Combined treatment also significantly decreased albuminuria compared with diabetic controls (47.3 +/- 9.6 mu g/24 h vs. 170.8 +/- 34.2 mu g/24 h; p = 0.002) reaching levels similar to those of non-diabetic controls (34.4 +/- 10.6 mu g/24 h), whereas the reduction by single treatment with either telmisartan (97.8 +/- 26.4 mu g/24 h) or riociguat (97.1 +/- 15.7 mu g/24 h) was not statistically significant. The combination treatment led to a significant (p < 0.01) decrease of tissue immunoreactivity of malondialdehyde, as consequence of reduced oxidative stress. In conclusion, stimulation of sGC significantly reduced urinary albumin excretion in diabetic eNOS knockout mice treated already with ARB. Thus, this new drug class on top of standard ARBs administration may offer a new therapeutic approach for patients resistant to ARB treatment.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042623
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 7
IS  - 8
PB  - PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
CY  - SAN FRANCISCO
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Espe, Katharina M.
A1  - Raila, Jens
A1  - Henze, Andrea
A1  - Blouin, Katja
A1  - Schneider, A.
A1  - Schmiedeke, D.
A1  - Krane, Vera
A1  - Schweigert, Florian J.
A1  - Hocher, Berthold
A1  - Wanner, Christoph
A1  - Drechsler, Christiane
T1  - Low vitamin E plasma levels are associated with cerebrovascular events and mortality in hemodialysis patients
T2  - Annals of nutrition & metabolism : journal of nutrition, metabolic diseases and dietetics ; an official journal of International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS)
Y1  - 2012
SN  - 0250-6807
VL  - 60
IS  - 2
SP  - 137
EP  - 137
PB  - Karger
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schupp, M.
A1  - Raila, Jens
A1  - Witte, N.
A1  - Tuvia, N.
A1  - Münzner, Matthias
T1  - RBP4 and its membrane receptor stra6 control adipogenesis by regulating cellular retinoid homeostasis
T2  - Diabetologia : journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
Y1  - 2012
SN  - 0012-186X
SN  - 1432-0428
VL  - 55
SP  - S93
EP  - S93
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Elias-Miro, Maria
A1  - Massip-Salcedo, Marta
A1  - Raila, Jens
A1  - Schweigert, Florian J.
A1  - Mendes-Braz, Mariana
A1  - Ramalho, Fernando
A1  - Jimenez-Castro, Monica B.
A1  - Casillas-Ramirez, Arani
A1  - Bermudo, Raquel
A1  - Rimola, Antoni
A1  - Rodes, Juan
A1  - Peralta, Carmen
T1  - Retinol binding protein 4 and retinol in steatotic and nonsteatotic rat livers in the setting of partial hepatectomy under ischemia/reperfusion
JF  - Liver transplantation
N2  - Steatotic livers show increased hepatic damage and impaired regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) under ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), which is commonly applied in clinical practice to reduce bleeding. The known function of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is to transport retinol in the circulation. We examined whether modulating RBP4 and/or retinol could protect steatotic and nonsteatotic livers in the setting of PH under I/R. Steatotic and nonsteatotic livers from Zucker rats were subjected to PH (70%) with 60 minutes of ischemia. RBP4 and retinol levels were measured and altered pharmacologically, and their effects on hepatic damage and regeneration were studied after reperfusion. Decreased RBP4 levels were observed in both liver types, whereas retinol levels were reduced only in steatotic livers. RBP4 administration exacerbated the negative consequences of liver surgery with respect to damage and liver regeneration in both liver types. RBP4 affected the mobilization of retinol from steatotic livers, and this revealed actions of RBP4 independent of simple retinol transport. The injurious effects of RBP4 were not due to changes in retinol levels. Treatment with retinol was effective only for steatotic livers. Indeed, retinol increased hepatic injury and impaired liver regeneration in nonsteatotic livers. In steatotic livers, retinol reduced damage and improved regeneration after surgery. These benefits of retinol were associated with a reduced accumulation of hepatocellular fat. Thus, strategies based on modulating RBP4 could be ineffective and possibly even harmful in both liver types in the setting of PH under I/R. In terms of clinical applications, a retinol pretreatment might open new avenues for liver surgery that specifically benefit the steatotic liver. Liver Transpl 18:1198-1208, 2012.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/lt.23489
SN  - 1527-6465
VL  - 18
IS  - 10
SP  - 1198
EP  - 1208
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Morris, Penelope J.
A1  - Salt, Carina
A1  - Raila, Jens
A1  - Brenten, Thomas
A1  - Kohn, Barbara
A1  - Schweigert, Florian J.
A1  - Zentek, Jürgen
T1  - Safety evaluation of vitamin A in growing dogs
T2  - Potsprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - The safe upper limit for inclusion of vitamin A in complete diets for growing dogs is uncertain, with the result that current recommendations range from 5.24 to 104.80 mu mol retinol (5000 to 100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) metabolisable energy (ME). The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of feeding four concentrations of vitamin A to puppies from weaning until 1 year of age. A total of forty-nine puppies, of two breeds, Labrador Retriever and Miniature Schnauzer, were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. Following weaning at 8 weeks of age, puppies were fed a complete food supplemented with retinyl acetate diluted in vegetable oil and fed at 1ml oil/100 g diet to achieve an intake of 5.24, 13.10, 78.60 and 104.80 mu mol retinol (5000, 12 500, 75 000 and 100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) ME. Fasted blood and urine samples were collected at 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 26, 36 and 52 weeks of age and analysed for markers of vitamin A metabolism and markers of safety including haematological and biochemical variables, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptides of type I collagen and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Clinical examinations were conducted every 4 weeks. Data were analysed by means of a mixed model analysis with Bonferroni corrections for multiple endpoints. There was no effect of vitamin A concentration on any of the parameters, with the exception of total serum retinyl esters, and no effect of dose on the number, type and duration of adverse events. We therefore propose that 104.80 mu mol retinol (100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) is a suitable safe upper limit for use in the formulation of diets designed for puppy growth.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 686 
KW  - puppies
KW  - dogs
KW  - Retinol
KW  - Retinyl esters
KW  - vitamin A
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414929
IS  - 686
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Morris, Penelope J.
A1  - Salt, Carina
A1  - Raila, Jens
A1  - Brenten, Thomas
A1  - Kohn, Barbara
A1  - Schweigert, Florian J.
A1  - Zentek, Juergen
T1  - Safety evaluation of vitamin A in growing dogs
JF  - BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
N2  - The safe upper limit for inclusion of vitamin A in complete diets for growing dogs is uncertain, with the result that current recommendations range from 5.24 to 104.80 mu mol retinol (5000 to 100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) metabolisable energy (ME). The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of feeding four concentrations of vitamin A to puppies from weaning until 1 year of age. A total of forty-nine puppies, of two breeds, Labrador Retriever and Miniature Schnauzer, were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. Following weaning at 8 weeks of age, puppies were fed a complete food supplemented with retinyl acetate diluted in vegetable oil and fed at 1ml oil/100 g diet to achieve an intake of 5.24, 13.10, 78.60 and 104.80 mu mol retinol (5000, 12 500, 75 000 and 100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) ME. Fasted blood and urine samples were collected at 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 26, 36 and 52 weeks of age and analysed for markers of vitamin A metabolism and markers of safety including haematological and biochemical variables, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptides of type I collagen and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Clinical examinations were conducted every 4 weeks. Data were analysed by means of a mixed model analysis with Bonferroni corrections for multiple endpoints. There was no effect of vitamin A concentration on any of the parameters, with the exception of total serum retinyl esters, and no effect of dose on the number, type and duration of adverse events. We therefore propose that 104.80 mu mol retinol (100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) is a suitable safe upper limit for use in the formulation of diets designed for puppy growth.
KW  - Puppies
KW  - Dogs
KW  - Retinol
KW  - Retinyl esters
KW  - Vitamin A
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114512000128
SN  - 0007-1145
VL  - 108
IS  - 10
SP  - 1800
EP  - 1809
PB  - CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
CY  - CAMBRIDGE
ER  -