TY  - CHAP
A1  - Proeller, Isabella
A1  - Siegel, John
ED  - Schedler, Kuno
T1  - 'Tools' in public management
BT  - how efficiency and effectiveness are thought to be controlled
T2  - Elgar encyclopedia of public management
N2  - Tools are methods or procedures, and thus operational patterns of action, applied in public administrations to solve standard problems. It is also possible to consider them as structured communication according to professional standards aiming at complexity reduction. Regularly, tools in management stem on a deductive-synoptic rationale offering a seemingly ‘objective’ decision basis. They have a strong formative influence on the organization, regularly also beyond the intended effects. The prominence of tools is sometimes confused with management as such, e.g. introducing tools is mistaken as equivalent to managing for a particular purpose. However, tools have to be closely and carefully managed regarding the objectives and purposes they should serve.
KW  - cost cutting
KW  - instruments
KW  - methods
KW  - tools
KW  - zero-based budgeting
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-1-80037-548-2
SN  - 978-1-80037-549-9
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800375499.tools
SP  - 186
EP  - 190
PB  - Edward Elgar Publishing
CY  - Cheltenham
ER  -