TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wachs, Sebastian
A1  - Gamez-Guadix, Manuel
A1  - Wright, Michelle F.
T1  - Online hate speech victimization and depressive symptoms among adolescents
BT  - the protective role of resilience
JF  - Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking
N2  - Online hate speech has become a widespread problem in the daily life of adolescents. Despite growing societal and academic interest in this online risk, not much is known about the relationship between online hate speech victimization (OHSV) and adolescents' mental well-being. 
In addition, potential factors influencing the magnitude of this relationship remain unclear. To address these gaps in the literature, this study investigated the relationship between OHSV and depressive symptoms and the buffering effects of resilience in this relationship. The sample consists of 1,632 adolescents (49.1% girls) between 12 and 18 years old (M-age = 13.83, SDage = 1.23), recruited from nine schools across Spain. 

Self-report questionnaires were administered to assess OHSV, depressive symptoms, and resilience. Regression analyses revealed that OHSV was positively linked to depressive symptoms. 
In addition, victims of online hate speech were less likely to report depressive symptoms when they reported average or high levels of resilience (i.e., social competence, personal competence, structured style, social resources, and family cohesion) compared with those with low levels of resilience. 

Our findings highlight the need for the development of intervention programs and the relevance of focusing on internal and external developmental assets to mitigate negative outcomes for victims of online hate speech.
KW  - hate speech
KW  - cyberhate
KW  - depression
KW  - resilience
KW  - adolescents
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2022.0009
SN  - 2152-2715
SN  - 2152-2723
VL  - 25
IS  - 7
SP  - 416
EP  - 423
PB  - Liebert
CY  - New Rochelle
ER  -