48195
2020
2020
eng
12
11
article
Frontiers Research Foundation
Lausanne
1
2020-07-21
2020-05-18
--
Effects of Equal Volume Heavy-Resistance Strength Training Versus Strength Endurance Training on Physical Fitness and Sport-Specific Performance in Young Elite Female Rowers
Strength training is an important means for performance development in young rowers. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 9-week equal volume heavy-resistance strength training (HRST) versus strength endurance training (SET) in addition to regular rowing training on primary (e.g., maximal strength/power) and secondary outcomes (e.g., balance) in young rowers. Twenty-six female elite adolescent rowers were assigned to an HRST (n = 12; age: 13.2 ± 0.5 yrs; maturity-offset: +2.0 ± 0.5 yrs) or a SET group (n = 14; age: 13.1 ± 0.5 yrs; maturity-offset: +2.1 ± 0.5 yrs). HRST and SET comprised lower- (i.e., leg press/knee flexion/extension), upper-limbs (i.e., bench press/pull; lat-pull down), and complex exercises (i.e., rowing ergometer). HRST performed four sets with 12 repetitions per set at an intensity of 75–95% of the one-repetition maximum (1-RM). SET conducted four sets with 30 repetitions per set at 50–60% of the 1-RM. Training volume was matched for overall repetitions × intensity × training per week. Pre-post training, tests were performed for the assessment of primary [i.e., maximal strength (e.g., bench pull/knee flexion/extension 1-RM/isometric handgrip test), muscle power (e.g., medicine-ball push test, triple hop, drop jump, and countermovement jump), anaerobic endurance (400-m run), sport-specific performance (700-m rowing ergometer trial)] and secondary outcomes [dynamic balance (Y-balance test), change-of-direction (CoD) speed (multistage shuttle-run test)]. Adherence rate was >87% and one athlete of each group dropped out. Overall, 24 athletes completed the study and no test or training-related injuries occurred. Significant group × time interactions were observed for maximal strength, muscle power, anaerobic endurance, CoD speed, and sport-specific performance (p ≤ 0.05; 0.45 ≤ d ≤ 1.11). Post hoc analyses indicated larger gains in maximal strength and muscle power following HRST (p ≤ 0.05; 1.81 ≤ d ≤ 3.58) compared with SET (p ≤ 0.05; 1.04 ≤ d ≤ 2.30). Furthermore, SET (p ≤ 0.01; d = 2.08) resulted in larger gains in sport-specific performance compared with HRST (p < 0.05; d = 1.3). Only HRST produced significant pre-post improvements for anaerobic endurance and CoD speed (p ≤ 0.05; 1.84 ≤ d ≤ 4.76). In conclusion, HRST in addition to regular rowing training was more effective than SET to improve selected measures of physical fitness (i.e., maximal strength, muscle power, anaerobic endurance, and CoD speed) and SET was more effective than HRST to enhance sport-specific performance gains in female elite young rowers.
Frontiers in Physiology
10.3389/fphys.2020.00888
1664-042X
<a href="https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-48196">Zweitveröffentlichung in der Schriftenreihe Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe ; 664</a>
Universität Potsdam
PA 2020_075
1998.33
888
false
false
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Dirk Thiele
Olaf Prieske
Melanie Lesinski
Urs Granacher
eng
uncontrolled
concurrent training
eng
uncontrolled
plyometric training
eng
uncontrolled
on-water performance
eng
uncontrolled
race time
eng
uncontrolled
oarsmen
Medizin und Gesundheit
Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften
Referiert
Publikationsfonds der Universität Potsdam
Gold Open-Access
48025
2020
2020
eng
19
8
15
article
Plos One
San Francisco, California
1
2020-08-13
2020-08-13
--
Maturation-, age-, and sex-specific anthropometric and physical fitness percentiles of German elite young athletes
The aim of this study was to establish maturation-, age-, and sex-specific anthropometric and physical fitness percentile reference values of young elite athletes from various sports. Anthropometric (i.e., standing and sitting body height, body mass, body mass index) and physical fitness (i.e., countermovement jump, drop jump, change-of-direction speed [i.e., T-test], trunk muscle endurance [i.e., ventral Bourban test], dynamic lower limbs balance [i.e., Y-balance test], hand grip strength) of 703 male and female elite young athletes aged 8–18 years were collected to aggregate reference values according to maturation, age, and sex. Findings indicate that body height and mass were significantly higher (p<0.001; 0.95≤d≤1.74) in more compared to less mature young athletes as well as with increasing chronological age (p<0.05; 0.66≤d≤3.13). Furthermore, male young athletes were significantly taller and heavier compared to their female counterparts (p<0.001; 0.34≤d≤0.50). In terms of physical fitness, post-pubertal athletes showed better countermovement jump, drop jump, change-of-direction, and handgrip strength performances (p<0.001; 1.57≤d≤8.72) compared to pubertal athletes. Further, countermovement jump, drop jump, change-of-direction, and handgrip strength performances increased with increasing chronological age (p<0.05; 0.29≤d≤4.13). In addition, male athletes outperformed their female counterpart in the countermovement jump, drop jump, change-of-direction, and handgrip strength (p<0.05; 0.17≤d≤0.76). Significant age by sex interactions indicate that sex-specific differences were even more pronounced with increasing age. Conclusively, body height, body mass, and physical fitness increased with increasing maturational status and chronological age. Sex-specific differences appear to be larger as youth grow older. Practitioners can use the percentile values as approximate benchmarks for talent identification and development.
Plos One
10.1371/journal.pone.0237423
1932-6203
Universität Potsdam
PA 2020_089
1333.97
e0237423
<a href=" https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-48026">Zweitveröffentlichung in der Schriftenreihe Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe ; 662</a>
false
false
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Melanie Lesinski
Alina Schmelcher
Michael Herz
Christian Puta
Holger Gabriel
Adamantios Arampatzis
Gunnar Laube
Dirk Büsch
Urs Granacher
eng
uncontrolled
biological maturation
eng
uncontrolled
reliability
eng
uncontrolled
validity
eng
uncontrolled
performance
eng
uncontrolled
physiology
eng
uncontrolled
maturity
eng
uncontrolled
injury
eng
uncontrolled
talent
Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik
Medizin und Gesundheit
open_access
Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften
Referiert
Publikationsfonds der Universität Potsdam
Gold Open-Access
34744
2013
2013
deu
147
155
9
3
27
article
Thieme
Stuttgart
1
--
--
--
Acute Effects of Postactivation Potentiation on Strength and Speed Performance in Athletes
Background: The contractile history of a muscle or a muscle group can result in an acute enhancement of subsequent muscle force output. This phenomenon is referred to as postactivation potentiation (PAP) and it was frequently substantiated in original research manuscripts, systematic literature reviews, and meta-analyses. However, there is a lack in the literature regarding precise dose-response relations. This literature review describes the main determinants of PAP effects and additionally presents the state of the art regarding the acute effects of PAP protocols on measures of strength, power, and speed in subelite and elite athletes of different sport disciplines. Furthermore, an attempt is made to demonstrate evidence-based information concerning the design of effective PAP protocols.
Methods: Our literature search included the electronic databases Pubmed, SportDiscus, and Google Scholar (1995 - March 2013). In total, 23 studies met the inclusionary criteria for review.
Results: Findings from our literature review indicate that various conditioning activities produce acute PAP effects in subelite and particularly elite athletes. More specifically, conditioning activities that are characterised by multiple sets, moderate to high intensities (60 - 84 % of the one repetition maximum), and rest intervals of 7 - 10 min. following the conditioning activity have the potential to induce short-term improvements in muscle force output and sports performance.
Conclusion: It is recommended that subelite and particularly elite athletes from strength, power, and speed disciplines apply specifically tailored conditioning activities during the acute preparation process for competition to induce performance enhancing PAP effects.
Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Prävention, Rehabilitation
10.1055/s-0033-1335414
0932-0555
1439-1236
wos:2011-2013
WOS:000330535700002
Granacher, U (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Humanwissensch Fak, Lehrstuhl Trainings & Bewegungswissensch, Exzellenzbereich Kognit Wissensch, Neuen Palais 10,Haus 12, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany., urs.granacher@uni-potsdam.de
Melanie Lesinski
Thomas Mühlbauer
Dirk Buesch
Urs Granacher
eng
uncontrolled
conditioning stimulus
eng
uncontrolled
dose-response relationship
eng
uncontrolled
athletic performance
Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften
Referiert
Exzellenzbereich Kognitionswissenschaften