59616
2020
2020
eng
30
60
31
1
36
article
Taylor & Francis Group
Routledge
1
2020-12-21
2020-12-21
--
Talking about ‘victims’, ‘survivors’ and ‘battered women’
Two studies addressed effects of the labels 'victim', 'battered woman' and 'survivor' on the perception of women who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV). Spanish undergraduates provided free associations (Study 1; N = 54) and completed semantic differentials (Study 2; N = 142) regarding the labels. Results showed that the term 'survivor' evoked more positive associations and ratings than both 'victim' and 'battered woman', which did not differ from each other. At the same time, however, when asked directly, participants rated 'survivor' as the least appropriate term. These seemingly opposing findings replicate research on the terms' use in sexual aggression. Results were independent of individuals' acceptance of myths about IPV or knowing a woman who has experienced IPV. Implications for the use of specific language when communicating about IPV are discussed.
International Journal of Social Psychology : Revista de Psicología Social
how labels affect the perception of women who have experienced intimate partner violence (‘Víctimas’, ‘supervivientes’ y ‘mujeres maltratadas’: cómo influyen las etiquetas en la percepción de las mujeres que han sufrido violencia por parte de sus parejas)
10.1080/02134748.2020.1840232
0213-4748
1579-3680
outputup:dataSource:WoS:2021
WOS:000600860100001
Romero-Sanchez, M (corresponding author), Univ Granada, Fac Psicol, Campus Cartuja S-N, Granada 18071, Spain., monicaromero@ugr.es
transnational E-RARE grant `CCMCURE (DFG)European Commission [SFB958]; E-RARE [ERL 138397]; Canadian; Institutes for Health ResearchCanadian Institutes of Health Research; (CIHR) [PJT 153000]; the E-RARE grant `CCMCURE
Romero-Sánchez, Mónica
2023-06-19T07:47:32+00:00
sword
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filename=package.tar
f06025aec55b31daba0d9935aabfb4f8
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true
Monica Romero-Sanchez
Marika Skowronski
Gerd Bohner
Jesus L. Megias
eng
uncontrolled
intimate partner violence
eng
uncontrolled
labelling
eng
uncontrolled
social judgement
eng
uncontrolled
survivor
eng
uncontrolled
victim
Psychologie
Referiert
Department Psychologie
Import
61586
2022
2022
eng
55
62
9
1
34
article
Hogrefe & Huber Publ. [u.a.]
Göttingen
1
2022-05-12
2022-01-01
--
Links between exposure to sexualized Instagram images and body image concerns in girls and boys
The current study examined the links between viewing female and male sexualized Instagram images (SII) and body image concerns within the three-step process of self-objectification among adolescents aged 13-18 years from Germany (N = 300, 61% female). Participants completed measures of SII use, thin- and muscular-ideal internalization, valuing appearance over competence, and body surveillance. Structural equation modeling revealed that SII use was associated with body image concerns for boys and girls via different routes. Specifically, female SII use was indirectly associated with higher body surveillance via thin-ideal internalization and subsequent valuing appearance over competence for girls. For both girls and boys, male SII use was indirectly linked to higher body surveillance via muscular-ideal internalization. Implications for the three-step model of self-objectification by sexualized social media are discussed.
Journal of media psychology
10.1027/1864-1105/a000296
1864-1105
2151-2388
outputup:dataSource:WoS:2022
WOS:000745119700007
Skowronski, Marika (corresponding author), Univ. Potsdam, Dept. Psychology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany, marika-skowronski@posteo.de
Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung
Skowronski, Marika
2023-11-27T09:49:29+00:00
sword
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filename=package.tar
150600090fc92f8393dc8ec7796876e4
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CC-BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung, nicht kommerziell, keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International
Marika Skowronski
Robert Busching
Barbara Krahé
eng
uncontrolled
social media
eng
uncontrolled
sexualization
eng
uncontrolled
body image concerns
eng
uncontrolled
self-objectification;
eng
uncontrolled
body surveillance
Sexual- und Reproduktionsethik
Referiert
Department Psychologie
Import
Hybrid Open-Access
50892
2021
2021
2021
eng
159
doctoralthesis
1
2021-07-13
2021-07-13
2021-05-19
Sexualized media and self-objectification in women and adolescents
Sexualisierte Medien und Selbstobjektifizierung bei Frauen und Jugendlichen
Background: A growing body of research has documented negative effects of sexualization in the media on individuals’ self-objectification. This research is predominantly built on studies examining traditional media, such as magazines and television, and young female samples. Furthermore, longitudinal studies are scarce, and research is missing studying mediators of the relationship. The first aim of the present PhD thesis was to investigate the relations between the use of sexualized interactive media and social media and self-objectification. The second aim of this work was to examine the presumed processes within understudied samples, such as males and females beyond college age, thus investigating the moderating roles of age and gender. The third aim was to shed light on possible mediators of the relation between sexualized media and self-objectification.
Method: The research aims were addressed within the scope of four studies. In an experiment, women’s self-objectification and body satisfaction was measured after playing a video game with a sexualized vs. a nonsexualized character that was either personalized or generic. The second study investigated the cross-sectional link between sexualized television use and self-objectification and consideration of cosmetic surgery in a sample of women across a broad age spectrum, examining the role of age in the relations. The third study looked at the cross-sectional link between male and female sexualized images on Instagram and their associations with self-objectification among a sample of male and female adolescents. Using a two-wave longitudinal design, the fourth study examined sexualized video game and Instagram use as predictors of adolescents’ self-objectification. Path models were conceptualized for the second, third and fourth study, in which media use predicted body surveillance via appearance comparisons (Study 4), thin-ideal internalization (Study 2, 3, 4), muscular-ideal internalization (Study 3, 4), and valuing appearance (all studies).
Results: The results of the experimental study revealed no effect of sexualized video game characters on women’s self-objectification and body satisfaction. No moderating effect of personalization emerged. Sexualized television use was associated to consideration of cosmetic surgery via body surveillance and valuing appearance for women of all ages in Study 2, while no moderating effect of age was found. Study 3 revealed that seeing sexualized male images on Instagram was indirectly associated with higher body surveillance via muscular-ideal internalization for boys and girls. Sexualized female images were indirectly linked to higher body surveillance via thin-ideal internalization and valuing appearance over competence only for girls. The longitudinal analysis of Study 4 showed no moderating effect of gender: For boys and girls, sexualized video game use at T1 predicted body surveillance at T2 via appearance comparisons, thin-ideal internalization and valuing appearance over competence. Furthermore, the use of sexualized Instagram images at T1 predicted body surveillance at T2 via valuing appearance.
Conclusion: The findings show that sexualization in the media is linked to self-objectification among a variety of media formats and within diverse groups of people. While the longitudinal study indicates that sexualized media predict self-objectification over time, the experimental null findings warrant caution regarding this temporal order. The results demonstrate that several mediating variables might be involved in this link. Possible implications for research and practice, such as intervention programs and policy-making, are discussed.
Hintergrund: Mit einer wachsenden Zahl an Studien konnte gezeigt werden, dass mediale Sexualisierung negative Auswirkungen auf die Selbstobjektifzierung von Individuen hat. Die entsprechende Forschung stützt sich primär auf Studien zu traditionellen Medien (wie Magazine und Fernsehen) sowie junge weibliche Stichproben. Zudem mangelt es an längsschnittlichen Untersuchungen sowie Studien zu Mediatoren dieses Zusammenhangs. Das erste Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation war somit die Untersuchung der Zusammenhänge zwischen der Nutzung sexualisierter interaktiver und sozialer Medien und Selbstobjektifzierung. Das zweite Ziel bestand darin, die angenommenen Prozesse anhand von wenig untersuchten Stichproben zu analysieren, wie etwa männliche Stichproben sowie weibliche Stichproben über das junge Erwachsenenalter hinaus. Somit konnte die Rolle von Alter und Geschlecht als Moderatoren geprüft werden. Das dritte Ziel war schließlich, mögliche Mediatoren der Beziehung zwischen sexualisierten Medien und Selbstobjektifizierung zu identifizieren.
Methode: Die Forschungsziele wurden mit Hilfe von vier Studien addressiert. In einer experimentellen Studie spielten junge Frauen ein Videospiel mit einem sexualisierten oder einem nicht sexualisierten Charakter, der entweder personalisiert oder nicht personalisiert war. Anschließend wurden die Selbstobjektifizierung sowie die Körperzufriedenheit der Probandinnen gemessen. In einer zweiten Studie wurde der querschnittliche Zusammenhang zwischen sexualisiertem Fernsehkonsum, Selbstobjektifizierung und der Erwägung von Schönheitsoperationen untersucht. Die Stichprobe von Frauen über ein breites Altersspektrum erlaubte die Analyse der Rolle des Alters in diesem Zusammenhang. In der dritten Studie wurde geprüft, inwiefern männliche und weibliche sexualisierte Bilder auf Instagram mit der Selbstobjektifizierung männlicher und weiblicher Jugendlicher zusammenhängen. Weiterhin wurde als vierte Studie eine Längsschnittstudie mit zwei Messzeitpunkten durchgeführt, um sexualisierten Videospiel- und Instagramkonsum als Prädiktoren für die Selbstobjektifizierung von Jugendlichen zu untersuchen. Für die zweite, dritte und vierte Studie wurden Pfadmodelle konzeptualisiert, in denen Medienkonsum das körperbeobachtende Verhalten über die Mediatoren Aussehensvergleiche (Studie 4), Internalisierung des Schlankheitsideals (Studie 2,3,4), Internalisierung des muskulösen Ideals (Studie 3,4) und Höherbewertung des Aussehens (alle Studien) vorhersagte.
Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse der Experimentalstudie zeigten keinen Effekt sexualisierter Videospielcharaktere auf Selbstobjektifzierung und Körperzufriedenheit von Frauen. Es konnte kein Moderatoreffekt der Personalisierung gefunden werden. Sexualisierter Fernsehkonsum war assoziiert mit der Erwägung von Schönheitsoperationen über körperbeobachtendes Verhalten und Höherbewertung des Aussehens für Frauen jeden Alters in Studie 2. Alter moderierte diesen Zusammenhang nicht. Studie 3 zeigte, dass der Konsum von sexualisierten männlichen Bildern auf Instagram indirekt mit höherem körperbeobachtenden Verhalten über die Internalisierung des muskulösen Ideals assoziiert war, sowohl für Jungen als auch für Mädchen. Sexualisierte weibliche Bilder hingen jedoch nur für Mädchen indirekt mit höherem körperbeobachtendem Verhalten über die Internalisierung des Schlankheitsideals und die Höherbewertung des Aussehens zusammen. Die längsschnittlichen Analysen der vierten Studie ergaben keinen Moderatoreffekt des Geschlechts: Für Jungen und Mädchen sagte sexualisierter Videospielkonsum zu T1 das körperbeobachtende Verhalten zu T2 über die Mediatoren Aussehensvergleiche, Internalisierung des Schlankheitsideals und Höherbewertung des Aussehens vorher. Weiterhin zeigte sich, dass sexualisierter Instagramkonsum zu T1 das körperbeobachtende Verhalten zu T2 über die Höherbewertung des Aussehens vorhersagte.
Konklusion: Die Befunde zeigen, dass mediale Sexualisierung mit Selbstobjektifizierung zusammenhängt. Dieser Zusammenhang zeigte sich über eine Vielfalt von Medienformaten und bei diversen Nutzer*innengruppen. Die Ergebnisse der Längsschnittstudie indizieren, dass sexualisierter Medienkonsum Selbstobjektifizierung über die Zeit vorhersagt. Jedoch legen die experimentellen Nullbefunde Vorsicht bezüglich dieser zeitlichen Abfolge nahe. Die Ergebnisse demonstrieren, dass verschiedene Mediatorvariablen in diesem Zusammenhang involviert sein könnten. Mögliche Implikationen für Forschung und Praxis, wie etwa Interventionsprogramme und Politikgestaltung, werden diskutiert.
a multi-method approach
ein multimethodaler Ansatz
10.25932/publishup-50892
urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-508926
online registration
publish
Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2021
CR 6000, WT 3255
Keine öffentliche Lizenz: Unter Urheberrechtsschutz
Marika Skowronski
eng
uncontrolled
media
eng
uncontrolled
sexualization
eng
uncontrolled
self-objectification
eng
uncontrolled
body image
deu
uncontrolled
Körperbild
deu
uncontrolled
Medien
deu
uncontrolled
Selbstobjektifzierung
deu
uncontrolled
Sexualisierung
Philosophie und Psychologie
open_access
Department Psychologie
Universität Potsdam
Universität Potsdam
https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/files/50892/skowronski_diss.pdf
56896
2020
2020
eng
584
598
15
9-10
84
article
Springer
New York
1
2020-08-23
2020-08-23
--
Predicting adolescents’ self-objectification from sexualized video game and Instagram use
A growing body of research has demonstrated negative effects of sexualization in the media on adolescents' body image, but longitudinal studies and research including interactive and social media are scarce. The current study explored the longitudinal associations of adolescents' use of sexualized video games (SVG) and sexualized Instagram images (SII) with body image concerns. Specifically, our study examined relations between adolescents' SVG and SII use and appearance comparisons, thin- and muscular-ideal internalization, valuing appearance over competence, and body surveillance. A sample of 660 German adolescents (327 female, 333 male;M-age = 15.09 years) participated in two waves with an interval of 6 months. A structural equation model showed that SVG and SII use at Time 1 predicted body surveillance indirectly via valuing appearance over competence at Time 2. Furthermore, SVG and SII use indirectly predicted both thin- and muscular-ideal internalization through appearance comparisons at Time 1. In turn, thin-ideal internalization at Time 1 predicted body surveillance indirectly via valuing appearance over competence at Time 2. The results indicate that sexualization in video games and on Instagram can play an important role in increasing body image concerns among adolescents. We discuss the findings with respect to objectification theory and the predictive value of including appearance comparisons in models explaining the relation between sexualized media and self-objectification.
Sex roles : a journal of research
A longitudinal study
10.1007/s11199-020-01187-1
0360-0025
1573-2762
outputup:dataSource:WoS:2021
WOS:000561727000001
Skowronski, M (corresponding author), Univ Potsdam, Dept Psychol, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany., skowronski@uni-potsdam.de
transnational E-RARE grant `CCMCURE (DFG)European Commission [SFB958]; E-RARE [ERL 138397]; Canadian; Institutes for Health ResearchCanadian Institutes of Health Research; (CIHR) [PJT 153000]; the E-RARE grant `CCMCURE
Skowronski, Marika
2022-11-30T09:30:46+00:00
sword
importub
filename=package.tar
c625fb68af5cba65357ea05e3da8fd33
2018681-2
221319-9
<a href="https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-54199">Zweitveröffentlichung in der Schriftenreihe Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe ; 845</a>
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Marika Skowronski
Robert Busching
Barbara Krahé
eng
uncontrolled
social media
eng
uncontrolled
computer games
eng
uncontrolled
sexualization
eng
uncontrolled
body image
eng
uncontrolled
self-objectification
Psychologie
Referiert
Publikationsfonds der Universität Potsdam
Department Psychologie
Import
Hybrid Open-Access
56872
2022
2022
eng
117
124
8
2
11
article
American Psychological Association
Washington
1
2022-04-01
2022-08-26
--
Women’s exposure to sexualized TV, self-objectification, and consideration of cosmetic surgery
Public Policy Relevance Statement TV is full of content presenting women in a sexualized way, with a focus on their sexual appearance and appeal to others. We found that across an age spectrum from 15 to 72 years, the more women watched sexualized TV, the more concerned they were about their body; a link between watching sexualized TV and considering cosmetic surgery was found only for women above the age of 31. Adding to the evidence documenting negative consequences of sexualized media use on young women's body image, this study is a first indicator that these might also apply to women across a broader age spectrum. <br /> Extensive research has documented links between sexualized media use and body image concerns. Previous findings are based largely on female adolescents or young adults, although objectification theory predicts changes of body image concerns with age. Therefore, the current study investigated the link of sexualized TV exposure (STE) with self-objectification and consideration of cosmetic surgery within the framework of objectification theory in a sample of 519 female participants between the age of 15 and 72 (M = 39.43 years). Participants completed measures of STE, appearance-ideal internalization, valuing appearance over competence, body surveillance, and consideration of cosmetic surgery. Structural equation modeling revealed that STE was indirectly linked with consideration of cosmetic surgery via valuing appearance over competence and body surveillance. Age was negatively related to internalization, valuing appearance over competence, and body surveillance, but did not moderate the links between STE and body image. Older women scored lower on the body-related variables, but the associations between STE and self-objectification were the same across the age spectrum. STE predicted consideration of cosmetic surgery only for women over 31 years of age. Implications concerning the role of age in linking sexualized media to self-objectification are discussed.
Psychology of popular media
the role of age
10.1037/ppm0000348
2160-4143
2160-4142
outputup:dataSource:WoS:2022
WOS:000733364800001
Skowronski, M (corresponding author), Univ Potsdam, Dept Psychol, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany., marika-skowronski@posteo.de
Friedrich Ebert Foundation
Skowronski, Marika
2022-11-28T14:46:18+00:00
sword
importub
filename=package.tar
6974bd2099bcc54dea65d0dcbc41e950
3034470-0
2674817-4
false
true
Marika Skowronski
Robert Busching
Barbara Krahé
eng
uncontrolled
television
eng
uncontrolled
sexualization
eng
uncontrolled
age
eng
uncontrolled
body image
eng
uncontrolled
self-objectification
Publizistische Medien, Journalismus, Verlagswesen
Psychologie
Referiert
Department Psychologie
Import
56715
2021
2021
eng
10
1
92
article
Elsevier
San Diego
1
2020-11-24
2021-01-01
--
The effects of sexualized video game characters and character personalization on women's self-objectification and body satisfaction
Female role models in video games are rare, and if they are present, they are often heavily sexualized. Objectification theory suggests that exposure to sexualized media characters increases self-objectification and decreases body satisfaction in female users. This study investigated the effect of playing a video game with a sexualized versus a nonsexualized character on women's experiences of self-objectification and body satisfaction. We further studied the effect of character personalization as a core feature of video games on the relation between sexualized avatars, self-objectification and body satisfaction. N = 262 female participants reported state self-objectification and body satisfaction after 30 min of playing the video game The Sims 4 with a sexualized or nonsexualized avatar that was either generic or personalized to look like the participant. We predicted that controlling for trait self-objectification, playing the game with a sexualized character would increase state self-objectification, especially in the personalized condition. Regarding the effect of character sexualization on body satisfaction, competing hypotheses based on priming vs. the Proteus effect were tested, considering character personalization and enjoyment of sexualization as moderators and controlling for trait body satisfaction. The current study did not find evidence for the proposed hypotheses. The findings are discussed in terms of the relevance of objectification theory in explaining effects of sexualized models in interactive media.
Journal of experimental social psychology
10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104051
0022-1031
1096-0465
outputup:dataSource:ScienceDirect:2021
104051
WOS:000598059600005
Skowronski, M (corresponding author), Univ Potsdam, Dept Psychol, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany., skowronski@uni-potsdam.de; busching@uni-potsdam.de; krahe@uni-potsdam.de
Friedrich Ebert Foundation (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung)
Skowronski, Marika
2022-11-17T09:53:09+00:00
sword
importub
filename=package.tar
47402e566eb97d82d79a617c9c37caff
219163-5
390934-7
1469604-6
false
true
CC-BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung, nicht kommerziell, keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International
Marika Skowronski
Robert Busching
Barbara Krahé
eng
uncontrolled
Video games
eng
uncontrolled
Sexualization
eng
uncontrolled
Self-objectification
eng
uncontrolled
Body satisfaction
eng
uncontrolled
Character personalization
eng
uncontrolled
Media effects
Psychologie
Referiert
Department Psychologie
Import
Hybrid Open-Access