39079
2015
2015
eng
16
6
article
Frontiers Research Foundation
Lausanne
1
--
--
--
Working memory differences in long-distance dependency resolution
There is a wealth of evidence showing that increasing the distance between an argument and its head leads to more processing effort, namely, locality effects: these are usually associated with constraints in working memory (DLT: Gibson, 2000: activation-based model: Lewis and Vasishth, 2005). In SOV languages, however, the opposite effect has been found: antilocality (see discussion in Levy et al., 2013). Antilocality effects can be explained by the expectation based approach as proposed by Levy (2008) or by the activation-based model of sentence processing as proposed by Lewis and Vasishth (2005). We report an eye-tracking and a self-paced reading study with sentences in Spanish together with measures of individual differences to examine the distinction between expectation- and memory based accounts, and within memory-based accounts the further distinction between DLT and the activation-based model. The experiments show that (i) antilocality effects as predicted by the expectation account appear only for high-capacity readers; (ii) increasing dependency length by interposing material that modifies the head of the dependency (the verb) produces stronger facilitation than increasing dependency length with material that does not modify the head; this is in agreement with the activation-based model but not with the expectation account; and (iii) a possible outcome of memory load on low-capacity readers is the increase in regressive saccades (locality effects as predicted by memory-based accounts) or, surprisingly, a speedup in the self-paced reading task; the latter consistent with good-enough parsing (Ferreira et al., 2002). In sum, the study suggests that individual differences in working memory capacity play a role in dependency resolution, and that some of the aspects of dependency resolution can be best explained with the activation-based model together with a prediction component.
Frontiers in psychology
10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00312
25852623
1664-1078
wos:2015
312
WOS:000351631300001
Nicenboim, B (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Dept Linguist, Haus 14,Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany., bruno.nicenboim@uni-potsdam.de
Minerva Foundation; Potsdam Graduate School; University of Potsdam;
CONICET; James McDonnell Foundation 21st Century Science Initiative in
Understanding Human Cognition-Scholar Award
Bruno Nicenboim
Shravan Vasishth
Carolina Gattei
Mariano Sigman
Reinhold Kliegl
eng
uncontrolled
locality
eng
uncontrolled
antilocality
eng
uncontrolled
working memory capacity
eng
uncontrolled
individual differences
eng
uncontrolled
Spanish
eng
uncontrolled
activation
eng
uncontrolled
DLT
eng
uncontrolled
expectation
Referiert
Open Access
Department Linguistik
Institut für Linguistik / Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft
7569
2015
eng
16
postprint
1
2015-04-23
--
--
Working memory differences in long-distance dependency resolution
There is a wealth of evidence showing that increasing the distance between an argument and its head leads to more processing effort, namely, locality effects; these are usually associated with constraints in working memory (DLT: Gibson, 2000; activation-based model: Lewis and Vasishth, 2005). In SOV languages, however, the opposite effect has been found: antilocality (see discussion in Levy et al., 2013). Antilocality effects can be explained by the expectation-based approach as proposed by Levy (2008) or by the activation-based model of sentence processing as proposed by Lewis and Vasishth (2005). We report an eye-tracking and a self-paced reading study with sentences in Spanish together with measures of individual differences to examine the distinction between expectation- and memory-based accounts, and within memory-based accounts the further distinction between DLT and the activation-based model. The experiments show that (i) antilocality effects as predicted by the expectation account appear only for high-capacity readers; (ii) increasing dependency length by interposing material that modifies the head of the dependency (the verb) produces stronger facilitation than increasing dependency length with material that does not modify the head; this is in agreement with the activation-based model but not with the expectation account; and (iii) a possible outcome of memory load on low-capacity readers is the increase in regressive saccades (locality effects as predicted by memory-based accounts) or, surprisingly, a speedup in the self-paced reading task; the latter consistent with good-enough parsing (Ferreira et al., 2002). In sum, the study suggests that individual differences in working memory capacity play a role in dependency resolution, and that some of the aspects of dependency resolution can be best explained with the activation-based model together with a prediction component.
urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-75694
online registration
<a href="http://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/opus4-ubp/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7570">Bibliographieeintrag der Originalveröffentlichung/Quelle</a>
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Bruno Nicenboim
Shravan Vasishth
Carolina Gattei
Mariano Sigman
Reinhold Kliegl
Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
paper 273
eng
uncontrolled
locality
eng
uncontrolled
antilocality
eng
uncontrolled
working memory capacity
eng
uncontrolled
individual differences
eng
uncontrolled
Spanish
eng
uncontrolled
activation
eng
uncontrolled
DLT
eng
uncontrolled
expectation
Psychologie
Sprache
open_access
Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften
Referiert
Open Access
Department Linguistik
Department Psychologie
Institut für Linguistik / Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft
Institut für Psychologie
Universität Potsdam
https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/files/7569/phr273.pdf
https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/files/7569/phr273.epub
https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/files/7569/phr273.xml
7570
2015
2015
eng
16
312
6
article
Frontiers Research Foundation
Lausanne
1
2015-04-23
2015-03-23
--
Working memory differences in long-distance dependency resolution
There is a wealth of evidence showing that increasing the distance between an argument and its head leads to more processing effort, namely, locality effects; these are usually associated with constraints in working memory (DLT: Gibson, 2000; activation-based model: Lewis and Vasishth, 2005). In SOV languages, however, the opposite effect has been found: antilocality (see discussion in Levy et al., 2013). Antilocality effects can be explained by the expectation-based approach as proposed by Levy (2008) or by the activation-based model of sentence processing as proposed by Lewis and Vasishth (2005). We report an eye-tracking and a self-paced reading study with sentences in Spanish together with measures of individual differences to examine the distinction between expectation- and memory-based accounts, and within memory-based accounts the further distinction between DLT and the activation-based model. The experiments show that (i) antilocality effects as predicted by the expectation account appear only for high-capacity readers; (ii) increasing dependency length by interposing material that modifies the head of the dependency (the verb) produces stronger facilitation than increasing dependency length with material that does not modify the head; this is in agreement with the activation-based model but not with the expectation account; and (iii) a possible outcome of memory load on low-capacity readers is the increase in regressive saccades (locality effects as predicted by memory-based accounts) or, surprisingly, a speedup in the self-paced reading task; the latter consistent with good-enough parsing (Ferreira et al., 2002). In sum, the study suggests that individual differences in working memory capacity play a role in dependency resolution, and that some of the aspects of dependency resolution can be best explained with the activation-based model together with a prediction component.
Frontiers in psychology
10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00312
1664-1078
Universität Potsdam, Publikationsfonds
PA 2015_08
1142.40
online registration
<a href="http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-75694">Zweitveröffentlichung in der Schriftenreihe Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe ; 273</a>
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Bruno Nicenboim
Shravan Vasishth
Carolina Gattei
Mariano Sigman
Reinhold Kliegl
eng
uncontrolled
locality
eng
uncontrolled
antilocality
eng
uncontrolled
working memory capacity
eng
uncontrolled
individual differences
eng
uncontrolled
Spanish
eng
uncontrolled
activation
eng
uncontrolled
DLT
eng
uncontrolled
expectation
Psychologie
Sprache
Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften
Referiert
Publikationsfonds der Universität Potsdam
Open Access
Department Linguistik
Department Psychologie
Institut für Linguistik / Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft
Institut für Psychologie