38849
2015
2015
eng
26
578
article
EDP Sciences
Les Ulis
MAGIC Collaboration, VERITAS Collaboration
1
--
--
--
Unprecedented study of the broadband emission of Mrk 421 during flaring activity in March 2010
Context. Because of its proximity, Mrk 421 is one of the best sources on which to study the nature of BL Lac objects. Its proximity allows us to characterize its broadband spectral energy distribution (SED).
Aims. The goal is to better understand the mechanisms responsible for the broadband emission and the temporal evolution of Mrk 421. These mechanisms may also apply to more distant blazars that cannot be studied with the same level of detail.
Methods. A flare occurring in March 2010 was observed for 13 consecutive days (from MJD 55 265 to MJD 55 277) with unprecedented wavelength coverage from radio to very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-rays with MAGIC, VERITAS, Whipple, Fermi-LAT, MAXI, RXTE, Swift, GASP-WEBT, and several optical and radio telescopes. We modeled the day-scale SEDs with one-zone and two-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) models, investigated the physical parameters, and evaluated whether the observed broadband SED variability can be associated with variations in the relativistic particle population.
Results. The activity of Mrk 421 initially was high and then slowly decreased during the 13-day period. The flux variability was remarkable at the X-ray and VHE bands, but it was minor or not significant at the other bands. The variability in optical polarization was also minor. These observations revealed an almost linear correlation between the X-ray flux at the 2-10 keV band and the VHE gamma-ray flux above 200 GeV, consistent with the gamma-rays being produced by inverse-Compton scattering in the Klein-Nishina regime in the framework of SSC models. The one-zone SSC model can describe the SED of each day for the 13 consecutive days reasonably well, which once more shows the success of this standard theoretical scenario to describe the SEDs of VHE BL Lacs such as Mrk 421. This flaring activity is also very well described by a two-zone SSC model, where one zone is responsible for the quiescent emission, while the other smaller zone, which is spatially separated from the first, contributes to the daily variable emission occurring at X-rays and VHE gamma-rays. The second blob is assumed to have a smaller volume and a narrow electron energy distribution with 3 x 10(4) < gamma < 6 x 10(5), where. is the Lorentz factor of the electrons. Such a two-zone scenario would naturally lead to the correlated variability at the X-ray and VHE bands without variability at the optical/UV band, as well as to shorter timescales for the variability at the X-ray and VHE bands with respect to the variability at the other bands.
Conclusions. Both the one-zone and the two-zone SSC models can describe the daily SEDs via the variation of only four or five model parameters, under the hypothesis that the variability is associated mostly with the underlying particle population. This shows that the particle acceleration and cooling mechanism that produces the radiating particles might be the main mechanism responsible for the broadband SED variations during the flaring episodes in blazars. The two-zone SSC model provides a better agreement with the observed SED at the narrow peaks of the low-and high-energy bumps during the highest activity, although the reported one-zone SSC model could be further improved by varying the parameters related to the emitting region itself (delta, B and R), in addition to the parameters related to the particle population.
Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
10.1051/0004-6361/201424811
0004-6361
1432-0746
wos:2015
A22
WOS:000357502600034
Paneque, D (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany., dpaneque@mpp.mpg.de; sysun@mpp.mpg.de; takami@post.kek.jp
German BMBF; German MPG; Italian INFN; Italian INAF; Swiss National Fund
SNF; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO; Japanese JSPS; Japanese MEXT; Centro
de Excelencia Severo Ochoa project of the Spanish Consolider-Ingenio
programme [SEV-2012-0234]; CPAN project of the Spanish
Consolider-Ingenio programme [CSD2007-00042]; MultiDark project of the
Spanish Consolider-Ingenio programme [CSD2009-00064]; Academy of Finland
[268740, 212656, 210338, 121148]; Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ)
Project [09/176]; University of Rijeka [13.12.1.3.02]; DFG Collaborative
Research Centers [SFB823/C4, SFB876/C3]; Polish MNiSzW
[745/N-HESS-MAGIC/2010/0]; US Department of Energy Office of Science; US
National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Institution; NSERC in Canada;
Science Foundation Ireland [SFI 10/RFP/AST2748]; STFC in the UK; NASA
[NNX11AQ03G, NNX08AW31G, NNX11A043G]; Academia Sinica; NSF [AST-0808050,
AST-1109911]; Russian RFBR [12-02-00452]; St. Petersburg University
[6.0.163.2010, 6.38.71.2012]; Georgian National Science Foundation
[GNSF/ST07/4-180]; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation
[FR/577/6-320/13]
J. Aleksic
S. Ansoldi
L. A. Antonelli
P. Antoranz
A. Babic
P. Bangale
U. Barres de Almeida
J. A. Barrio
J. Becerra Gonzalez
W. Bednarek
E. Bernardini
B. Biasuzzi
A. Biland
O. Blanch Bigas
A. Boller
S. Bonnefoy
G. Bonnoli
F. Borracci
T. Bretz
E. Carmona
A. Carosi
P. Colin
E. Colombo
J. L. Contreras
J. Cortina
S. Covino
P. Da Vela
F. Dazzi
A. De Angelis
G. De Caneva
B. De Lotto
E. de Ona Wilhelmi
C. Delgado Mendez
Dijana Dominis Prester
D. Dorner
M. Doro
S. Einecke
D. Eisenacher
D. Elsaesser
M. V. Fonseca
L. Font
K. Frantzen
C. Fruck
D. Galindo
R. J. Garcia Lopez
M. Garczarczyk
D. Garrido Terrats
M. Gaug
N. Godinovic
A. Gonzalez Munoz
S. R. Gozzini
D. Hadasch
Y. Hanabata
M. Hayashida
J. Herrera
D. Hildebrand
J. Hose
D. Hrupec
G. Hughes
W. Idec
V. Kadenius
H. Kellermann
M. L. Knoetig
K. Kodani
Y. Konno
J. Krause
H. Kubo
J. Kushida
A. La Barbera
D. Lelas
N. Lewandowska
E. Lindfors
S. Lombardi
M. Lopez
R. Lopez-Coto
A. Lopez-Oramas
E. Lorenz
I. Lozano
M. Makariev
K. Mallot
G. Maneva
N. Mankuzhiyil
K. Mannheim
L. Maraschi
B. Marcote
M. Mariotti
M. Martinez
D. Mazin
U. Menzel
J. M. Miranda
R. Mirzoyan
A. Moralejo
P. Munar-Adrover
D. Nakajima
A. Niedzwiecki
K. Nilsson
K. Nishijima
K. Noda
R. Orito
A. Overkemping
S. Paiano
M. Palatiello
D. Paneque
R. Paoletti
J. M. Paredes
X. Paredes-Fortuny
M. Persic
P. G. Prada Moroni
E. Prandini
I. Puljak
R. Reinthal
W. Rhode
M. Ribo
J. Rico
J. Rodriguez Garcia
S. Rugamer
T. Saito
K. Saito
K. Satalecka
V. Scalzotto
V. Scapin
C. Schultz
T. Schweizer
S. Sun
S. N. Shore
A. Sillanpaa
J. Sitarek
I. Snidaric
D. Sobczynska
F. Spanier
V. Stamatescu
A. Stamerra
T. Steinbring
B. Steinke
J. Storz
M. Strzys
L. Takalo
H. Takami
F. Tavecchio
P. Temnikov
T. Terzic
D. Tescaro
M. Teshima
J. Thaele
O. Tibolla
D. F. Torres
T. Toyama
A. Treves
M. Uellenbeck
P. Vogler
R. Zanin
S. Archambault
A. Archer
M. Beilicke
W. Benbow
K. Berger
R. Bird
Jonathan Biteau
J. H. Buckley
V. Bugaev
M. Cerruti
Xiaoming Chen
L. Ciupik
E. Collins-Hughes
W. Cui
J. D. Eisch
A. Falcone
Q. Feng
J. P. Finley
P. Fortin
L. Fortson
A. Furniss
N. Galante
G. H. Gillanders
S. Griffin
G. Gyuk
Nils Hakansson
J. Holder
C. A. Johnson
P. Kaaret
P. Kar
M. Kertzman
D. Kieda
M. J. Lang
S. McArthur
A. McCann
K. Meagher
J. Millis
P. Moriarty
R. A. Ong
A. N. Otte
J. S. Perkins
A. Pichel
Manuela Pohl
A. Popkow
H. Prokoph
Elisa Pueschel
K. Ragan
L. C. Reyes
P. T. Reynolds
G. T. Richards
E. Roache
A. C. Rovero
G. H. Sembroski
K. Shahinyan
D. Staszak
Igor O. Telezhinsky
J. V. Tucci
J. Tyler
A. Varlotta
S. P. Wakely
R. Welsing
Alina Wilhelm
D. A. Williams
S. Buson
J. Finke
M. Villata
C. Raiteri
H. D. Aller
M. F. Aller
A. Cesarini
W. P. Chen
M. A. Gurwell
S. G. Jorstad
G. N. Kimeridze
E. Koptelova
O. M. Kurtanidze
S. O. Kurtanidze
A. Lahteenmaki
V. M. Larionov
E. G. Larionova
H. C. Lin
B. McBreen
J. W. Moody
D. A. Morozova
A. P. Marscher
W. Max-Moerbeck
M. G. Nikolashvili
M. Perri
A. C. S. Readhead
J. L. Richards
J. A. Ros
A. C. Sadun
T. Sakamoto
L. A. Sigua
P. S. Smith
M. Tornikoski
I. S. Troitsky
A. E. Wehrle
B. Jordan
eng
uncontrolled
radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
eng
uncontrolled
galaxies: active
eng
uncontrolled
BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 421
eng
uncontrolled
gamma rays: galaxies
Institut für Physik und Astronomie
Referiert
54802
2017
2017
eng
30
603
article
EDP Sciences
Les Ulis
MAGIC Collaboration;VERITAS Collaboration
1
2017-07-04
2017-07-04
--
Multiband variability studies and novel broadband SED modeling of Mrk 501 in 2009
Aims. We present an extensive study of the BL Lac object Mrk 501 based on a data set collected during the multi-instrument campaign spanning from 2009 March 15 to 2009 August 1, which includes, among other instruments, MAGIC, VERITAS, Whipple 10 m, and Fermi-LAT to cover the gamma-ray range from 0.1 GeV to 20 TeV; RXTE and Swift to cover wavelengths from UV to hard X-rays; and GASP-WEBT, which provides coverage of radio and optical wavelengths. Optical polarization measurements were provided for a fraction of the campaign by the Steward and St. Petersburg observatories. We evaluate the variability of the source and interband correlations, the gamma-ray flaring activity occurring in May 2009, and interpret the results within two synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) scenarios. Methods. The multiband variability observed during the full campaign is addressed in terms of the fractional variability, and the possible correlations are studied by calculating the discrete correlation function for each pair of energy bands where the significance was evaluated with dedicated Monte Carlo simulations. The space of SSC model parameters is probed following a dedicated grid-scan strategy, allowing for a wide range of models to be tested and offering a study of the degeneracy of model-to-data agreement in the individual model parameters, hence providing a less biased interpretation than the "single-curve SSC model adjustment" typically reported in the literature. Results. We find an increase in the fractional variability with energy, while no significant interband correlations of flux changes are found on the basis of the acquired data set. The SSC model grid-scan shows that the flaring activity around May 22 cannot be modeled adequately with a one-zone SSC scenario (using an electron energy distribution with two breaks), while it can be suitably described within a two (independent) zone SSC scenario. Here, one zone is responsible for the quiescent emission from the averaged 4.5-month observing period, while the other one, which is spatially separated from the first, dominates the flaring emission occurring at X-rays and very-high-energy (> 100 GeV, VHE) gamma-rays. The flaring activity from May 1, which coincides with a rotation of the electric vector polarization angle (EVPA), cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by either a one-zone or a two-independent-zone SSC model, yet this is partially affected by the lack of strictly simultaneous observations and the presence of large flux changes on sub-hour timescales (detected at VHE gamma rays). Conclusions. The higher variability in the VHE emission and lack of correlation with the X-ray emission indicate that, at least during the 4.5-month observing campaign in 2009, the highest energy (and most variable) electrons that are responsible for the VHE gamma rays do not make a dominant contribution to the similar to 1 keV emission. Alternatively, there could be a very variable component contributing to the VHE gamma-ray emission in addition to that coming from the SSC scenario. The studies with our dedicated SSC grid-scan show that there is some degeneracy in both the one-zone and the two-zone SSC scenarios probed, with several combinations of model parameters yielding a similar model-to-data agreement, and some parameters better constrained than others. The observed gamma-ray flaring activity, with the EVPA rotation coincident with the first gamma-ray flare, resembles those reported previously for low frequency peaked blazars, hence suggesting that there are many similarities in the flaring mechanisms of blazars with different jet properties.
Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
10.1051/0004-6361/201629540
1432-0746
wos:2017
A31
WOS:000406619100031
Paneque, D (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany.; Doert, M (reprint author), Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany., marlene.doert@tu-dortmund.de; dpaneque@mppmu.mpg.de
German BMBF; German MPG; Italian INFN; Italian INAF; Swiss National Fund SNF; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO [FPA2015-69818-P, FPA2012-36668, FPA2015-68278-P, FPA2015-69210-C6-2-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-4-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R, AYA2013-47447-C3-1-P, AYA2015-71042-P, ESP2015-71662-C2-2-P, CSD2009-00064]; Japanese JSPS; Japanese MEXT; Spanish Centro de Excelencia "Severo Ochoa" [SEV-2012-0234, SEV-2015-0548]; Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu" [MDM-2014-0369]; Academy of Finland [268740, 212656, 210338, 121148]; Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) [09/176]; University of Rijeka [13.12.1.3.02]; DFG Collaborative Research Centers [SFB823/C4, SFB876/C3]; Polish MNiSzW [745/N-HESS-MAGIC/2010/0]; US Department of Energy Office of Science; US National Science Foundation; NSERC in Canada; Science Foundation Ireland [SFI 10/RFP/AST2748]; INAF in Italy; CNES in France; Russian RFBR [15-02-00949]; St. Petersburg University [6.38.335.2015]; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation [FR/577/6-320/13]; Smithsonian Institution; Academia Sinica; NASA [NNX08AW31G, NNX08AW56G]; NSF [AST-0808050]; STFC in the UK
2022-04-14T12:06:46+00:00
sword
importub
filename=package.tar
c0dae962a496f214e1e80f3b1e37ed46
false
true
M. L. Ahnen
S. Ansoldi
L. A. Antonelli
P. Antoranz
A. Babic
B. Banerjee
P. Bangale
U. Barres de Almeida
J. A. Barrio
J. Becerra Gonzalez
W. Bednarek
E. Bernardini
A. Berti
B. Biasuzzi
A. Biland
O. Blanch
S. Bonnefoy
G. Bonnoli
F. Borracci
T. Bretz
S. Buson
A. Carosi
A. Chatterjee
R. Clavero
P. Colin
E. Colombo
J. L. Contreras
J. Cortina
S. Covino
P. Da Vela
F. Dazzi
A. De Angelis
B. De Lotto
E. de Ona Wilhelmi
F. Di Pierro
M. Doert
A. Dominguez
D. Dominis Prester
D. Dorner
M. Doro
S. Einecke
D. Eisenacher Glawion
D. Elsaesser
M. Engelkemeier
V. Fallah Ramazani
A. Fernandez-Barral
D. Fidalgo
M. V. Fonseca
L. Font
K. Frantzen
C. Fruck
D. Galindo
R. J. Garcia Lopez
M. Garczarczyk
D. Garrido Terrats
M. Gaug
P. Giammaria
N. Godinovic
A. Gonzalez Munoz
D. Gora
D. Guberman
D. Hadasch
A. Hahn
Y. Hanabata
M. Hayashida
J. Herrera
J. Hose
D. Hrupec
G. Hughes
W. Idec
K. Kodani
Y. Konno
H. Kubo
J. Kushida
A. La Barbera
D. Lelas
E. Lindfors
S. Lombardi
F. Longo
M. Lopez
R. Lopez-Coto
P. Majumdar
M. Makariev
K. Mallot
G. Maneva
M. Manganaro
K. Mannheim
L. Maraschi
B. Marcote
M. Mariotti
M. Martinez
D. Mazin
U. Menzel
J. M. Miranda
R. Mirzoyan
A. Moralejo
E. Moretti
D. Nakajima
V. Neustroev
A. Niedzwiecki
M. Nievas Rosillo
K. Nilsson
K. Nishijima
K. Noda
L. Nogues
A. Overkemping
S. Paiano
J. Palacio
M. Palatiello
D. Paneque
R. Paoletti
J. M. Paredes
X. Paredes-Fortuny
G. Pedaletti
M. Peresano
L. Perri
M. Persic
J. Poutanen
P. G. Prada Moroni
E. Prandini
I. Puljak
I. Reichardt
W. Rhode
M. Ribo
J. Rico
J. Rodriguez Garcia
T. Saito
K. Satalecka
S. Schroder
C. Schultz
T. Schweizer
S. N. Shore
A. Sillanpaa
J. Sitarek
I. Snidaric
D. Sobczynska
A. Stamerra
T. Steinbring
M. Strzys
T. Suric
L. Takalo
F. Tavecchio
P. Temnikov
T. Terzic
D. Tescaro
M. Teshima
J. Thaele
D. F. Torres
T. Toyama
A. Treves
G. Vanzo
V. Verguilov
I. Vovk
J. E. Ward
M. Will
M. H. Wu
R. Zanin
A. U. Abeysekara
S. Archambault
A. Archer
W. Benbow
R. Bird
M. Buchovecky
J. H. Buckley
V. Bugaev
M. P. Connolly
W. Cui
H. J. Dickinson
A. Falcone
Q. Feng
J. P. Finley
H. Fleischhack
A. Flinders
L. Fortson
G. H. Gillanders
S. Griffin
J. Grube
M. Huetten
D. Hanna
J. Holder
T. B. Humensky
P. Kaaret
P. Kar
N. Kelley-Hoskins
M. Kertzman
D. Kieda
M. Krause
F. Krennrich
M. J. Lang
G. Maier
A. McCann
P. Moriarty
R. Mukherjee
D. Nieto
R. A. Ong
N. Otte
N. Park
J. Perkins
A. Pichel
M. Pohl
A. Popkow
Elisa Pueschel
J. Quinn
K. Ragan
P. T. Reynolds
G. T. Richards
E. Roache
A. C. Rovero
C. Rulten
I. Sadeh
M. Santander
G. H. Sembroski
K. Shahinyan
Igor O. Telezhinsky
J. V. Tucci
J. Tyler
S. P. Wakely
A. Weinstein
P. Wilcox
Alina Wilhelm
D. A. Williams
B. Zitzer
S. Razzaque
M. Villata
C. M. Raiteri
H. D. Aller
M. F. Aller
V. M. Larionov
A. A. Arkharov
D. A. Blinov
N. V. Efimova
T. S. Grishina
V. A. Hagen-Thorn
E. N. Kopatskaya
L. V. Larionova
E. G. Larionova
D. A. Morozova
I. S. Troitsky
R. Ligustri
P. Calcidese
A. Berdyugin
O. M. Kurtanidze
M. G. Nikolashvili
G. N. Kimeridze
L. A. Sigua
S. O. Kurtanidze
R. A. Chigladze
W. P. Chen
E. Koptelova
T. Sakamoto
A. C. Sadun
J. W. Moody
C. Pace
R. Pearson
Y. Yatsu
Y. Mori
A. Carraminyana
L. Carrasco
E. de la Fuente
J. P. Norris
P. S. Smith
A. Wehrle
M. A. Gurwell
A. Zook
C. Pagani
M. Perri
M. Capalbi
A. Cesarini
H. A. Krimm
Y. Y. Kovalev
Yu. A. Kovalev
E. Ros
A. B. Pushkarev
M. L. Lister
K. V. Sokolovsky
M. Kadler
G. Piner
A. Lahteenmaki
M. Tornikoski
E. Angelakis
T. P. Krichbaum
I. Nestoras
L. Fuhrmann
J. A. Zensus
P. Cassaro
A. Orlati
G. Maccaferri
P. Leto
M. Giroletti
J. L. Richards
W. Max-Moerbeck
A. C. S. Readhead
eng
uncontrolled
BL Lacertae objects: individual: Markarian 501
eng
uncontrolled
methods: data analysis
Physik
Institut für Physik und Astronomie
Referiert
Import
37044
2011
2011
eng
26
2
727
article
IOP Publ. Ltd.
Bristol
Fermi-LAT Collaboration, MAGIC Collaboration, VERITAS Collaboration
1
--
--
--
Insights into the high-energy gamma-Ray emission of markarian 501 fromextensive multifrequency observations in the fermi era
We report on the gamma-ray activity of the blazar Mrk 501 during the first 480 days of Fermi operation. We find that the average Large Area Telescope (LAT) gamma-ray spectrum of Mrk 501 can be well described by a single power-law function with a photon index of 1.78 +/- 0.03. While we observe relatively mild flux variations with the Fermi-LAT (within less than a factor of two), we detect remarkable spectral variability where the hardest observed spectral index within the LAT energy range is 1.52 +/- 0.14, and the softest one is 2.51 +/- 0.20. These unexpected spectral changes do not correlate with the measured flux variations above 0.3 GeV. In this paper, we also present the first results from the 4.5 month long multifrequency campaign (2009 March 15-August 1) on Mrk 501, which included the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), Swift, RXTE, MAGIC, and VERITAS, the F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, and other collaborations and instruments which provided excellent temporal and energy coverage of the source throughout the entire campaign. The extensive radio to TeV data set from this campaign provides us with the most detailed spectral energy distribution yet collected for this source during its relatively low activity. The average spectral energy distribution of Mrk 501 is well described by the standard one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model. In the framework of this model, we find that the dominant emission region is characterized by a size less than or similar to 0.1 pc (comparable within a factor of few to the size of the partially resolved VLBA core at 15-43 GHz), and that the total jet power (similar or equal to 10(44) erg s(-1)) constitutes only a small fraction (similar to 10(-3)) of the Eddington luminosity. The energy distribution of the freshly accelerated radiating electrons required to fit the time-averaged data has a broken power-law form in the energy range 0.3 GeV-10 TeV, with spectral indices 2.2 and 2.7 below and above the break energy of 20 GeV. We argue that such a form is consistent with a scenario in which the bulk of the energy dissipation within the dominant emission zone of Mrk 501 is due to relativistic, proton-mediated shocks. We find that the ultrarelativistic electrons and mildly relativistic protons within the blazar zone, if comparable in number, are in approximate energy equipartition, with their energy dominating the jet magnetic field energy by about two orders of magnitude.
The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
10.1088/0004-637X/727/2/129
0004-637X
wos:2011-2013
129
WOS:000286662000068
Paneque, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA., dpaneque@mppmu.mpg.de; stawarz@astro.isas.jaxa.jp
K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; International Doctorate on Astroparticle
Physics (IDAPP) program; INFN Padova; Academy of Finland [212656,
210338]; National Radio Astronomy Observatory's Very Long Baseline Array
(VLBA) [BK150, BP143, MOJAVE]; Russian RFBR foundation [09-02-00092];
Georgian National Science Foundation [GNSF/ST07/4-180]; NASA
[NNX08AW31G]; NSF [AST-0808050]
A. A. Abdo
Margit Ackermann
M. Ajello
A. J. Allafort
L. Baldini
J. Ballet
G. Barbiellini
M. G. Baring
D. Bastieri
K. C. Bechtol
R. Bellazzini
B. Berenji
R. D. Blandford
E. D. Bloom
E. Bonamente
A. W. Borgland
A. Bouvier
T. J. Brandt
Johan Bregeon
A. Brez
M. Brigida
P. Bruel
R. Buehler
S. Buson
G. A. Caliandro
R. A. Cameron
A. Cannon
P. A. Caraveo
Svenja Carrigan
J. M. Casandjian
E. Cavazzuti
C. Cecchi
O. Celik
E. Charles
A. Chekhtman
C. C. Cheung
J. Chiang
S. Ciprini
R. Claus
J. Cohen-Tanugi
Jan Conrad
S. Cutini
C. D. Dermer
F. de Palma
E. do Couto e Silva
P. S. Drell
R. Dubois
D. Dumora
C. Favuzzi
S. J. Fegan
E. C. Ferrara
W. B. Focke
P. Fortin
M. Frailis
L. Fuhrmann
Y. Fukazawa
S. Funk
P. Fusco
F. Gargano
D. Gasparrini
N. Gehrels
S. Germani
N. Giglietto
F. Giordano
M. Giroletti
T. Glanzman
G. Godfrey
I. A. Grenier
L. Guillemot
S. Guiriec
M. Hayashida
E. Hays
D. Horan
R. E. Hughes
G. Johannesson
A. S. Johnson
W. N. Johnson
M. Kadler
T. Kamae
H. Katagiri
J. Kataoka
J. Knoedlseder
M. Kuss
J. Lande
L. Latronico
S. -H. Lee
M. Lemoine-Goumard
F. Longo
F. Loparco
B. Lott
M. N. Lovellette
P. Lubrano
G. M. Madejski
A. Makeev
W. Max-Moerbeck
Mario Nicola Mazziotta
J. E. McEnery
J. Mehault
P. F. Michelson
W. Mitthumsiri
T. Mizuno
A. A. Moiseev
C. Monte
M. E. Monzani
A. Morselli
I. V. Moskalenko
S. Murgia
M. Naumann-Godo
S. Nishino
P. L. Nolan
J. P. Norris
E. Nuss
T. Ohsugi
A. Okumura
N. Omodei
E. Orlando
J. F. Ormes
D. Paneque
J. H. Panetta
D. Parent
V. Pavlidou
T. J. Pearson
V. Pelassa
M. Pepe
M. Pesce-Rollins
F. Piron
T. A. Porter
S. Raino
R. Rando
M. Razzano
A. Readhead
A. Reimer
O. Reimer
J. L. Richards
J. Ripken
S. Ritz
M. Roth
H. F. -W. Sadrozinski
D. Sanchez
A. Sander
J. D. Scargle
C. Sgro
E. J. Siskind
P. D. Smith
G. Spandre
P. Spinelli
L. Stawarz
M. Stevenson
M. S. Strickman
K. V. Sokolovsky
D. J. Suson
H. Takahashi
T. Takahashi
T. Tanaka
J. B. Thayer
J. G. Thayer
D. J. Thompson
L. Tibaldo
F. Torres
G. Tosti
A. Tramacere
Y. Uchiyama
T. L. Usher
J. Vandenbroucke
V. Vasileiou
N. Vilchez
V. Vitale
A. P. Waite
P. Wang
A. E. Wehrle
B. L. Winer
K. S. Wood
Z. Yang
T. Ylinen
J. A. Zensus
M. Ziegler
J. Aleksic
L. A. Antonelli
P. Antoranz
Michael Backes
J. A. Barrio
J. Becerra Gonzalez
W. Bednarek
A. Berdyugin
K. Berger
E. Bernardini
A. Biland
O. Blanch Bigas
R. K. Bock
A. Boller
G. Bonnoli
Pol Bordas
D. Borla Tridon
Valentin Bosch-Ramon
D. Bose
I. Braun
T. Bretz
M. Camara
E. Carmona
A. Carosi
P. Colin
E. Colombo
J. L. Contreras
J. Cortina
S. Covino
F. Dazzi
A. de Angelis
E. De Cea del Pozo
B. De Lotto
M. De Maria
F. De Sabata
C. Delgado Mendez
A. Diago Ortega
M. Doert
A. Dominguez
Dijana Dominis Prester
D. Dorner
M. Doro
D. Elsaesser
D. Ferenc
M. V. Fonseca
L. Font
R. J. Garcia Lopen
M. Garczarczyk
M. Gaug
G. Giavitto
N. Godinovi
D. Hadasch
A. Herrero
D. Hildebrand
D. Hoehne-Moench
J. Hose
D. Hrupec
T. Jogler
S. Klepser
T. Kraehenbuehl
D. Kranich
J. Krause
A. La Barbera
E. Leonardo
E. Lindfors
S. Lombardi
M. Lopez
E. Lorenz
P. Majumdar
E. Makariev
G. Maneva
N. Mankuzhiyil
K. Mannheim
L. Maraschi
M. Mariotti
M. Martinez
D. Mazin
M. Meucci
J. M. Miranda
R. Mirzoyan
H. Miyamoto
J. Moldon
A. Moralejo
D. Nieto
K. Nilsson
R. Orito
I. Oya
R. Paoletti
J. M. Paredes
S. Partini
M. Pasanen
F. Pauss
R. G. Pegna
M. A. Perez-Torres
M. Persic
J. Peruzzo
J. Pochon
P. G. Prada Moroni
F. Prada
E. Prandini
N. Puchades
I. Puljak
T. Reichardt
R. Reinthal
W. Rhode
M. Ribo
J. Rico
M. Rissi
S. Ruegamer
A. Saggion
K. Saito
T. Y. Saito
M. Salvati
M. Sanchez-Conde
K. Satalecka
V. Scalzotto
V. Scapin
C. Schultz
T. Schweizer
M. Shayduk
S. N. Shore
A. Sierpowska-Bartosik
A. Sillanpaa
J. Sitarek
D. Sobczynska
F. Spanier
S. Spiro
A. Stamerra
B. Steinke
J. Storz
N. Strah
J. C. Struebig
T. Suric
L. O. Takalo
F. Tavecchio
P. Temnikov
T. Terzic
D. Tescaro
M. Teshima
H. Vankov
R. M. Wagner
Q. Weitzel
V. Zabalza
F. Zandanel
R. Zanin
V. A. Acciari
T. Arlen
T. Aune
W. Benbow
D. Boltuch
S. M. Bradbury
J. H. Buckley
V. Bugaev
A. Cannon
A. Cesarini
L. Ciupik
W. Cui
R. Dickherber
M. Errando
A. Falcone
J. P. Finley
G. Finnegan
L. Fortson
A. Furniss
N. Galante
D. Gall
G. H. Gillanders
S. Godambe
J. Grube
R. Guenette
G. Gyuk
D. Hanna
J. Holder
D. Huang
C. M. Hui
T. B. Humensky
P. Kaaret
N. Karlsson
M. Kertzman
D. Kieda
A. Konopelko
H. Krawczynski
F. Krennrich
M. J. Lang
G. Maier
S. McArthur
A. McCann
M. McCutcheon
P. Moriarty
R. Mukherjee
R. Ong
N. Otte
D. Pandel
J. S. Perkins
A. Pichel
M. Pohl
J. Quinn
K. Ragan
L. C. Reyes
P. T. Reynolds
E. Roache
H. J. Rose
A. C. Rovero
M. Schroedter
G. H. Sembroski
G. D. Senturk
D. Steele
S. P. Swordy
G. Tesic
M. Theiling
S. Thibadeau
A. Varlotta
S. Vincent
S. P. Wakely
J. E. Ward
T. C. Weekes
A. Weinstein
T. Weisgarber
D. A. Williams
M. Wood
B. Zitzer
M. Villata
C. M. Raiteri
H. D. Aller
M. F. Aller
A. A. Arkharov
D. A. Blinov
P. Calcidese
W. P. Chen
N. V. Efimova
G. Kimeridze
T. S. Konstantinova
E. N. Kopatskaya
E. Koptelova
O. M. Kurtanidze
S. O. Kurtanidze
A. Lahteenmaki
V. M. Larionov
E. G. Larionova
L. V. Larionova
R. Ligustri
D. A. Morozova
M. G. Nikolashvili
L. A. Sigua
I. S. Troitsky
E. Angelakis
M. Capalbi
A. Carraminana
L. Carrasco
P. Cassaro
E. de la Fuente
M. A. Gurwell
Y. Y. Kovalev
Yu. A. Kovalev
T. P. Krichbaum
H. A. Krimm
Paolo Leto
M. L. Lister
G. Maccaferri
J. W. Moody
Y. Mori
I. Nestoras
A. Orlati
C. Pagani
C. Pace
R. Pearson
M. Perri
B. G. Piner
A. B. Pushkarev
E. Ros
A. C. Sadun
T. Sakamoto
M. Tornikoski
Y. Yatsu
A. Zook
eng
uncontrolled
acceleration of particles
eng
uncontrolled
BL Lacertae objects: general
eng
uncontrolled
BL Lacertae objects: individual (Mrk 501)
eng
uncontrolled
galaxies: active
eng
uncontrolled
gamma rays: general
eng
uncontrolled
radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
Institut für Physik und Astronomie
Referiert
38516
2015
2015
eng
22
1
812
article
IOP Publ. Ltd.
Bristol
NuSTAR Team, MAGIC Collaboration, VERITAS Collaboration, F-Gamma Consortium
1
--
--
--
First NuSTAR observations of MRK 501 within a radio to TeV multi-instrument campaign
We report on simultaneous broadband observations of the TeV-emitting blazar Markarian 501 between 2013 April 1 and August 10, including the first detailed characterization of the synchrotron peak with Swift and NuSTAR. During the campaign, the nearby BL Lac object was observed in both a quiescent and an elevated state. The broadband campaign includes observations with NuSTAR, MAGIC, VERITAS, the Fermi Large Area Telescope, Swift X-ray Telescope and UV Optical Telescope, various ground-based optical instruments, including the GASP-WEBT program, as well as radio observations by OVRO, Metsahovi, and the F-Gamma consortium. Some of the MAGIC observations were affected by a sand layer from the Saharan desert, and had to be corrected using event-by-event corrections derived with a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) facility. This is the first time that LIDAR information is used to produce a physics result with Cherenkov Telescope data taken during adverse atmospheric conditions, and hence sets a precedent for the current and future ground-based gamma-ray instruments. The NuSTAR instrument provides unprecedented sensitivity in hard X-rays, showing the source to display a spectral energy distribution (SED) between 3 and 79 keV consistent with a log-parabolic spectrum and hard X-ray variability on hour timescales. None (of the four extended NuSTAR observations) show evidence of the onset of inverse-Compton emission at hard X-ray energies. We apply a single-zone equilibrium synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model to five simultaneous broadband SEDs. We find that the SSC model can reproduce the observed broadband states through a decrease in the magnetic field strength coinciding with an increase in the luminosity and hardness of the relativistic leptons responsible for the high-energy emission.
The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
10.1088/0004-637X/812/1/65
0004-637X
1538-4357
wos:2015
65
WOS:000364234700065
Furniss, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA., amy.@gmail.com; nodak5@gmail.com; josefa.becerra@nasa.gov
NASA [NNG08FD60C, NNX08AW31G, NNX11A043G]; National Aeronautics and
Space Administration; German BMBF; German MPG; Italian INFN; Italian
INAF; Swiss National Fund SNF; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO; Japanese
JSPS; Japanese MEXT; Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa project of the
Spanish Consolider-Ingenio programme [SEV-2012-0234]; Academy of Finland
[268740]; Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project [09/176];
University of Rijeka Project [13.12.1.3.02]; DFG Collaborative Research
Centers [SFB823/C4, SFB876/C3]; Polish MNiSzW grant
[745/N-HESS-MAGIC/2010/0]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science;
U.S. National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Institution; NSERC in
Canada; Science Foundation Ireland [SFI 10/RFP/AST2748]; STFC in the
U.K; INSU/CNRS (France); MPG (Germany); IGN (Spain); International Max
Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the
University of Bonn; NSF [AST-0808050, AST-1109911]; Istanbul University
[49429, 48285]; Bilim Akademisi (BAGEP program); TUBITAK [13AT100-431,
13AT100-466, 13AT60-430]; Russian RFBR grant [15-02-00949]; St.
Petersburg University research grant [6.38.335.2015]; NASA Fermi Guest
Investigator grant [NNX14AQ58G]; Swift Guest Investigator grant
[NNX14AI96G]; BU; Lowell Observatory; Scientific Research Fund of the
Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Sciences [DO 02-137 (BIn-13/09)];
Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation [FR/577/6-320/13]; Institute
of Astronomy; Rozhen National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences; Ministry of Education, Science and Technological
Development of the Republic of Serbia [176011, 176004, 176021]; CPAN
project of the Spanish Consolider-Ingenio programme [CSD2007-00042];
MultiDark project of the Spanish Consolider-Ingenio programme
[CSD2009-00064]; International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for
Astronomy and Astrophysics at the University of Cologne
A. Furniss
K. Noda
S. Boggs
J. Chiang
F. Christensen
W. Craig
P. Giommi
C. Hailey
F. Harisson
G. Madejski
K. Nalewajko
M. Perri
D. Stern
M. Urry
F. Verrecchia
W. Zhang
M. L. Ahnen
S. Ansoldi
L. A. Antonelli
P. Antoranz
A. Babic
B. Banerjee
P. Bangale
U. Barres de Almeida
J. A. Barrio
J. Becerra Gonzalez
W. Bednarek
E. Bernardini
B. Biasuzzi
A. Biland
O. Blanch Bigas
S. Bonnefoy
G. Bonnoli
F. Borracci
T. Bretz
E. Carmona
A. Carosi
A. Chatterjee
R. Clavero
P. Colin
E. Colombo
J. L. Contreras
J. Cortina
S. Covino
P. Da Vela
F. Dazzi
A. De Angelis
G. De Caneva
B. De Lotto
E. de Ona Wilhelmi
C. Delgado Mendez
F. Di Pierro
Dijana Dominis Prester
D. Dorner
M. Doro
S. Einecke
D. Eisenacher Glawion
D. Elsaesser
A. Fernandez-Barral
D. Fidalgo
M. V. Fonseca
L. Font
K. Frantzen
C. Fruck
D. Galindo
R. J. Garcia Lopez
M. Garczarczyk
D. Garrido Terrats
M. Gaug
P. Giammaria
N. Godinovic
A. Gonzalez Munoz
D. Guberman
Y. Hanabata
M. Hayashida
J. Herrera
J. Hose
D. Hrupec
G. Hughes
W. Idec
H. Kellermann
K. Kodani
Y. Konno
H. Kubo
J. Kushida
A. La Barbera
D. Lelas
N. Lewandowska
E. Lindfors
S. Lombardi
F. Longo
M. Lopez
R. Lopez-Coto
A. Lopez-Oramas
E. Lorenz
P. Majumdar
M. Makariev
K. Mallot
G. Maneva
M. Manganaro
K. Mannheim
L. Maraschi
B. Marcote
M. Mariotti
M. Martinez
D. Mazin
U. Menzel
J. M. Miranda
R. Mirzoyan
A. Moralejo
D. Nakajima
V. Neustroev
A. Niedzwiecki
M. Nievas Rosillo
K. Nilsson
K. Nishijima
R. Orito
A. Overkemping
S. Paiano
J. Palacio
M. Palatiello
D. Paneque
R. Paoletti
J. M. Paredes
X. Paredes-Fortuny
M. Persic
J. Poutanen
P. G. Prada Moroni
E. Prandini
I. Puljak
R. Reinthal
W. Rhode
M. Ribo
J. Rico
J. Rodriguez Garcia
T. Saito
K. Saito
K. Satalecka
V. Scapin
C. Schultz
T. Schweizer
S. N. Shore
A. Sillanpaa
J. Sitarek
I. Snidaric
D. Sobczynska
A. Stamerra
T. Steinbring
M. Strzys
L. Takalo
H. Takami
F. Tavecchio
P. Temnikov
T. Terzic
D. Tescaro
M. Teshima
J. Thaele
D. F. Torres
T. Toyama
A. Treves
V. Verguilov
I. Vovk
M. Will
R. Zanin
A. Archer
W. Benbow
R. Bird
Jonathan Biteau
V. Bugaev
J. V. Cardenzana
M. Cerruti
Xuhui Chen
L. Ciupik
M. P. Connolly
W. Cui
H. J. Dickinson
J. Dumm
J. D. Eisch
A. Falcone
Q. Feng
J. P. Finley
H. Fleischhack
P. Fortin
L. Fortson
L. Gerard
G. H. Gillanders
S. Griffin
S. T. Griffiths
J. Grube
G. Gyuk
Nils Hakansson
J. Holder
T. B. Humensky
C. A. Johnson
P. Kaaret
M. Kertzman
D. Kieda
M. Krause
F. Krennrich
M. J. Lang
T. T. Y. Lin
G. Maier
S. McArthur
A. McCann
K. Meagher
P. Moriarty
R. Mukherjee
D. Nieto
R. A. Ong
N. Park
D. Petry
Martin Pohl
A. Popkow
K. Ragan
G. Ratliff
L. C. Reyes
P. T. Reynolds
G. T. Richards
E. Roache
M. Santander
G. H. Sembroski
K. Shahinyan
D. Staszak
Igor O. Telezhinsky
J. V. Tucci
J. Tyler
V. V. Vassiliev
S. P. Wakely
O. M. Weiner
A. Weinstein
Alina Wilhelm
D. A. Williams
B. Zitzer
O. Vince
L. Fuhrmann
E. Angelakis
V. Karamanavis
I. Myserlis
T. P. Krichbaum
J. A. Zensus
H. Ungerechts
A. Sievers
R. Bachev
Markus Boettcher
W. P. Chen
G. Damljanovic
C. Eswaraiah
T. Guver
T. Hovatta
Z. Hughes
S. I. Ibryamov
M. D. Joner
B. Jordan
S. G. Jorstad
M. Joshi
J. Kataoka
O. M. Kurtanidze
S. O. Kurtanidze
A. Lahteenmaki
G. Latev
H. C. Lin
V. M. Larionov
A. A. Mokrushina
D. A. Morozova
M. G. Nikolashvili
C. M. Raiteri
V. Ramakrishnan
A. C. R. Readhead
A. C. Sadun
L. A. Sigua
E. H. Semkov
A. Strigachev
J. Tammi
M. Tornikoski
Y. V. Troitskaya
I. S. Troitsky
M. Villata
eng
uncontrolled
BL Lacertae objects: general
eng
uncontrolled
galaxies: individual (Markarian 501)
eng
uncontrolled
X-rays: galaxies
Institut für Physik und Astronomie
Referiert
47134
2018
2018
eng
23
620
article
EDP Sciences
Les Ulis
MAGIC Collaboration FACT Collaboration VERITAS Collaboration
1
--
--
--
Extreme HBL behavior of Markarian 501 during 2012
Aims. We aim to characterize the multiwavelength emission from Markarian 501 (Mrk 501), quantify the energy-dependent variability, study the potential multiband correlations, and describe the temporal evolution of the broadband emission within leptonic theoretical scenarios. Methods. We organized a multiwavelength campaign to take place between March and July of 2012. Excellent temporal coverage was obtained with more than 25 instruments, including the MAGIC, FACT and VERITAS Cherenkov telescopes, the instruments on board the Swift and Fermi spacecraft, and the telescopes operated by the GASP-WEBT collaboration. Results. Mrk 501 showed a very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray flux above 0.2 TeV of similar to 0.5 times the Crab Nebula flux (CU) for most of the campaign. The highest activity occurred on 2012 June 9, when the VHE flux was similar to 3 CU, and the peak of the high-energy spectral component was found to be at similar to 2 TeV. Both the X-ray and VHE gamma-ray spectral slopes were measured to be extremely hard, with spectral indices <2 during most of the observing campaign, regardless of the X-ray and VHE flux. This study reports the hardest Mrk 501 VHE spectra measured to date. The fractional variability was found to increase with energy, with the highest variability occurring at VHE. Using the complete data set, we found correlation between the X-ray and VHE bands; however, if the June 9 flare is excluded, the correlation disappears (significance <3 sigma) despite the existence of substantial variability in the X-ray and VHE bands throughout the campaign. Conclusions. The unprecedentedly hard X-ray and VHE spectra measured imply that their low- and high-energy components peaked above 5 keV and 0.5 TeV, respectively, during a large fraction of the observing campaign, and hence that Mrk 501 behaved like an extreme high-frequency-peaked blazar (EHBL) throughout the 2012 observing season. This suggests that being an EHBL may not be a permanent characteristic of a blazar, but rather a state which may change over time. The data set acquired shows that the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) of Mrk 501, and its transient evolution, is very complex, requiring, within the framework of synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) models, various emission regions for a satisfactory description. Nevertheless the one-zone SSC scenario can successfully describe the segments of the SED where most energy is emitted, with a significant correlation between the electron energy density and the VHE gamma-ray activity, suggesting that most of the variability may be explained by the injection of high-energy electrons. The one-zone SSC scenario used reproduces the behavior seen between the measured X-ray and VHE gamma-ray fluxes, and predicts that the correlation becomes stronger with increasing energy of the X-rays.
Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal / European Southern Observatory (ESO)
10.1051/0004-6361/201833704
1432-0746
wos:2018
A181
WOS:000453301200012
Hughes, G (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.; Paneque, D (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany.; Shukla, A (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany.; Hughes, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA., dpaneque@mppmu.mpg.de; amit.shukla@astro.uni-wuerzburg.de; gareth.hughes@cfa.harvard.edu
German BMBFFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); MPGMax Planck Society; Italian INFNIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; INAF; Swiss National Fund SNFSwiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); ERDF under the Spanish MINECO [FPA2015-69818-P, FPA2012-36668, FPA2015-68378-P, FPA2015-69210-C6-2-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-4-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2015-71662-C2-2-P, CSD2009-00064]; Japanese JSPSMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; MEXTMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT); Spanish Centro de Excelencia "Severo Ochoa" [SEV-2012-0234, SEV-2015-0548]; Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu" [MDM-2014-0369]; Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) [09/176]; University of Rijeka Project [13.12.1.3.02]; DFG Collaborative Research CentersGerman Research Foundation (DFG) [SFB823/C4, SFB876/C3]; Polish National Research Centre [UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382]; Brazilian MCTIC; CNPqNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); FAPERJCarlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); U.S. Department of Energy Office of ScienceUnited States Department of Energy (DOE); U.S. National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF); Smithsonian InstitutionSmithsonian Institution; NSERC in CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNational Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); DOEUnited States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-76SF00515]; Russian Science FoundationRussian Science Foundation (RSF) [17-12-01029]; Shota Rustaveli NSF [FR/577/6-320/13]; Bulgarian National Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science [DN 08-1/2016, DN 18-13/2017]; UK Science and Technology Facilities CouncilScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); Fermi Guest Investigator grants [NNX09AU10G, NNX12AO93G]; NASANational Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) [NNX08AW31G, NNX11A043G, NNX14AQ89G]; NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) [AST-0808050, AST-1109911]; [PRIN-SKA-CTA-INAF2016]
importub
2020-06-15T11:26:51+00:00
filename=package.tar
7dedb51ec37908fce552a8c759a30a63
M. L. Ahnen
S. Ansoldi
L. A. Antonelli
C. Arcaro
A. Babic
B. Banerjee
P. Bangale
U. Barres de Almeida
J. A. Barrio
J. Becerra Gonzalez
W. Bednarek
E. Bernardini
A. Berti
W. Bhattacharyya
O. Blanch
G. Bonnoli
R. Carosi
A. Carosi
A. Chatterjee
S. M. Colak
P. Colin
E. Colombo
J. L. Contreras
J. Cortina
S. Covino
P. Cumani
P. Da Vela
F. Dazzi
A. De Angelis
B. De Lotto
M. Delfino
Jose Miguel Martins Delgado
F. Di Pierro
M. Doert
A. Dominguez
D. Dominis Prester
M. Doro
D. Eisenacher Glawion
M. Engelkemeier
V. Fallah Ramazani
A. Fernandez-Barral
D. Fidalgo
M. V. Fonseca
L. Font
C. Fruck
D. Galindo
R. J. Garcia Lopez
M. Garczarczyk
M. Gaug
P. Giammaria
N. Godinovic
D. Gora
D. Guberman
D. Hadasch
A. Hahn
T. Hassan
M. Hayashida
J. Herrera
J. Hose
D. Hrupec
K. Ishio
Y. Konno
H. Kubo
J. Kushida
D. Kuvezdic
D. Lelas
E. Lindfors
S. Lombardi
F. Longo
M. Lopez
C. Maggio
P. Majumdar
M. Makariev
G. Maneva
M. Manganaro
L. Maraschi
M. Mariotti
M. Martinez
D. Mazin
U. Menzel
M. Minev
J. M. Miranda
R. Mirzoyan
A. Moralejo
V. Moreno
E. Moretti
T. Nagayoshi
V. Neustroev
A. Niedzwiecki
M. Nievas Rosillo
C. Nigro
K. Nilsson
D. Ninci
K. Nishijima
K. Noda
L. Nogues
S. Paiano
J. Palacio
D. Paneque
R. Paoletti
J. M. Paredes
G. Pedaletti
M. Peresano
L. Perri
M. Persic
P. G. Prada Moroni
E. Prandini
I. Puljak
J. R. Garcia
I. Reichardt
M. Ribo
J. Rico
C. Righi
A. Rugliancich
T. Saito
K. Satalecka
S. Schroeder
T. Schweizer
S. N. Shore
J. Sitarek
I. Snidaric
D. Sobczynska
A. Stamerra
M. Strzys
T. Suric
L. Takalo
F. Tavecchio
P. Temnikov
T. Terzic
M. Teshima
N. Torres-Alba
A. Treves
S. Tsujimoto
G. Vanzo
M. Vazquez Acosta
I. Vovk
J. E. Ward
M. Will
D. Zaric
A. Arbet-Engels
D. Baack
M. Balbo
A. Biland
M. Blank
T. Bretz
K. Bruegge
M. Bulinski
J. Buss
A. Dmytriiev
D. Dorner
S. Einecke
D. Elsaesser
T. Herbst
D. Hildebrand
L. Kortmann
L. Linhoff
M. Mahlke
K. Mannheim
S. A. Mueller
D. Neise
A. Neronov
M. Noethe
J. Oberkirch
A. Paravac
W. Rhode
B. Schleicher
F. Schulz
K. Sedlaczek
A. Shukla
V. Sliusar
R. Walter
A. Archer
W. Benbow
R. Bird
Robert Brose
J. H. Buckley
V. Bugaev
J. L. Christiansen
W. Cui
M. K. Daniel
A. Falcone
Q. Feng
J. P. Finley
G. H. Gillanders
O. Gueta
D. Hanna
O. Hervet
J. Holder
G. Hughes
M. Huetten
T. B. Humensky
C. A. Johnson
P. Kaaret
P. Kar
N. Kelley-Hoskins
M. Kertzman
D. Kieda
M. Krause
F. Krennrich
S. Kumar
M. J. Lang
T. T. Y. Lin
G. Maier
S. McArthur
P. Moriarty
R. Mukherjee
R. A. Ong
A. N. Otte
N. Park
A. Petrashyk
A. Pichel
Martin Pohl
J. Quinn
K. Ragan
P. T. Reynolds
G. T. Richards
E. Roache
A. C. Rovero
C. Rulten
I. Sadeh
M. Santander
G. H. Sembroski
K. Shahinyan
Iurii Sushch
J. Tyler
S. P. Wakely
A. Weinstein
R. M. Wells
P. Wilcox
A. Wilhel
D. A. Williams
T. J. Williamson
B. Zitzer
M. Perri
F. Verrecchia
C. Leto
M. Villata
C. M. Raiteri
S. G. Jorstad
V. M. Larionov
D. A. Blinov
T. S. Grishina
E. N. Kopatskaya
E. G. Larionova
A. A. Nikiforova
D. A. Morozova
Yu. V. Troitskaya
I. S. Troitsky
O. M. Kurtanidze
M. G. Nikolashvili
S. O. Kurtanidze
G. N. Kimeridze
R. A. Chigladze
A. Strigachev
A. C. Sadun
eng
uncontrolled
astroparticle physics
eng
uncontrolled
acceleration of particles
eng
uncontrolled
radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
eng
uncontrolled
BL Lacertae objects: general
eng
uncontrolled
BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk501
Institut für Physik und Astronomie
Referiert
Open Access
Import
Bronze Open-Access