31764
2009
2009
eng
article
1
--
--
--
Short-term pressure induced suppression of the short-latency response : a new methodology for investigating stretch reflexes
During experiments involving ischemic nerve block, we noticed that the short-latency response (SLR) of evoked stretches in m. soleus decreased immediately following inflation of a pneumatic cuff surrounding the lower leg. The present study aimed to investigate this short-term effect of pressure application in more detail. Fifty-eight healthy subjects were divided into seven protocols. Unilateral stretches were applied to the calf muscles to elicit a SLR, and bilateral stretches to evoke a subsequent medium-latency response (MLR). Furthermore, H-reflexes and sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) were recorded. Additionally, stretches were applied with different velocities and amplitudes. Finally, the SLR was investigated during hopping and in two protocols that modified the ability of the muscle-tendon complex distal to the cuff to stretch. All measurements were performed with deflated and inflated cuff. Results of the protocols were as follows: 1) inflation of the cuff reduced the SLR but not the MLR; 2) the H-reflex, the M-wave, and, 3) SNAPs of n. tibialis remained unchanged with deflated and inflated cuff; 4) the SLR was dependent on the stretch velocity with deflated and also inflated cuff; 5 and 6) the reduction of the SLR by the cuff was dependent on the elastic properties of the muscle-tendon complex distal to the cuff; and 7) the cuff reduced the SLR during hopping. The present results suggest that the cuff did not affect the reflex arc per se. It is proposed that inflation restricted stretch of the muscles underlying the cuff so that most of the length change occurred in the muscle-tendon complex distal to the cuff. As a consequence, the muscle spindles lying within the muscle may be less excited, resulting in a reduced SLR. Due to its applicability in functional tasks, the introduced method can be a useful tool to study afferent feedback in motor control.
http://jap.physiology.org/
10.1152/japplphysiol.00301.2009
8750-7587
allegro:1991-2014
10108107
Journal of applied physiology. - ISSN 8750-7587. - 107 (2009), 4, S. 1051 - 1058
Christian Leukel
Jesper Lundbye-Jensen
Markus Gruber
Abraham T. Zuur
Albert Gollhofer
Wolfgang Taube
Referiert
Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften
31456
2010
2010
eng
article
1
--
--
--
Contribution of afferent feedback and descending drive to human hopping
During hopping an early burst can be observed in the EMG from the soleus muscle starting about 45 ms after touch-down. It may be speculated that this early EMG burst is a stretch reflex response superimposed on activity from a supra-spinal origin. We hypothesised that if a stretch reflex indeed contributes to the early EMG burst, then advancing or delaying the touch-down without the subject's knowledge should similarly advance or delay the burst. This was indeed the case when touch-down was advanced or delayed by shifting the height of a programmable platform up or down between two hops and this resulted in a correspondent shift of the early EMG burst. Our second hypothesis was that the motor cortex contributes to the first EMG burst during hopping. If so, inhibition of the motor cortex would reduce the magnitude of the burst. By applying a low-intensity magnetic stimulus it was possible to inhibit the motor cortex and this resulted in a suppression of the early EMG burst. These results suggest that sensory feedback and descending drive from the motor cortex are integrated to drive the motor neuron pool during the early EMG burst in hopping. Thus, simple reflexes work in concert with higher order structures to produce this repetitive movement.
http://jp.physoc.org/
10.1113/jphysiol.2009.182709
0022-3751
allegro:1991-2014
10107742
The journal of physiology. - ISSN 0022-3751. - 588 (2010), 5, S. 799 - 807
Abraham T. Zuur
Jesper Lundbye-Jensen
Christan Leukel
Wolfgang Taube
Michael J. Grey
Albert Gollhofer
Jens Bo Nielsen
Markus Gruber
Referiert
Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften
7344
2015
2015
eng
13
postprint
1
2015-03-13
2015-02-19
--
Effects of heavy-resistance strength and balance training on unilateral and bilateral leg strength performance in old adults
The term “bilateral deficit” (BLD) has been used to describe a reduction in performance during bilateral contractions when compared to the sum of identical unilateral contractions. In old age, maximal isometric force production (MIF) decreases and BLD increases indicating the need for training interventions to mitigate this impact in seniors. In a cross-sectional approach, we examined age-related differences in MIF and BLD in young (age: 20–30 years) and old adults (age: >65 years). In addition, a randomized-controlled trial was conducted to investigate training-specific effects of resistance vs. balance training on MIF and BLD of the leg extensors in old adults. Subjects were randomly assigned to resistance training (n = 19), balance training (n = 14), or a control group (n = 20). Bilateral heavy-resistance training for the lower extremities was performed for 13 weeks (3 × / week) at 80% of the one repetition maximum. Balance training was conducted using predominately unilateral exercises on wobble boards, soft mats, and uneven surfaces for the same duration. Pre- and post-tests included uni- and bilateral measurements of maximal isometric leg extension force. At baseline, young subjects outperformed older adults in uni- and bilateral MIF (all p < .001; d = 2.61–3.37) and in measures of BLD (p < .001; d = 2.04). We also found significant increases in uni- and bilateral MIF after resistance training (all p < .001, d = 1.8-5.7) and balance training (all p < .05, d = 1.3-3.2). In addition, BLD decreased following resistance (p < .001, d = 3.4) and balance training (p < .001, d = 2.6). It can be concluded that both training regimens resulted in increased MIF and decreased BLD of the leg extensors (HRT-group more than BAL-group), almost reaching the levels of young adults.
urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-73448
online registration
PLoS One. - DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0118535
<a href="http://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/opus4-ubp/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7343">Bibliographieeintrag der Originalveröffentlichung/Quelle</a>
1275,86 Euro
PA 2015_01
Universität Potsdam, Publikationsfonds
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Rainer Beurskens
Thomas Mühlbauer
Urs Granacher
Albert Gollhofer
Marco Cardinale
Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
paper 268
Sprache
open_access
Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften
Referiert
Open Access
Universität Potsdam
https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/files/7344/phr268.pdf
https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/files/7344/phr268.xml
7343
2015
2015
eng
13
article
Public Library of Science
Lawrence, Kan.
1
--
2015-02-19
--
Effects of heavy-resistance strength and balance training on unilateral and bilateral leg strength performance in old adults
The term “bilateral deficit” (BLD) has been used to describe a reduction in performance during bilateral contractions when compared to the sum of identical unilateral contractions. In old age, maximal isometric force production (MIF) decreases and BLD increases indicating the need for training interventions to mitigate this impact in seniors. In a cross-sectional approach, we examined age-related differences in MIF and BLD in young (age: 20–30 years) and old adults (age: >65 years). In addition, a randomized-controlled trial was conducted to investigate training-specific effects of resistance vs. balance training on MIF and BLD of the leg extensors in old adults. Subjects were randomly assigned to resistance training (n = 19), balance training (n = 14), or a control group (n = 20). Bilateral heavy-resistance training for the lower extremities was performed for 13 weeks (3 × / week) at 80% of the one repetition maximum. Balance training was conducted using predominately unilateral exercises on wobble boards, soft mats, and uneven surfaces for the same duration. Pre- and post-tests included uni- and bilateral measurements of maximal isometric leg extension force. At baseline, young subjects outperformed older adults in uni- and bilateral MIF (all p < .001; d = 2.61–3.37) and in measures of BLD (p < .001; d = 2.04). We also found significant increases in uni- and bilateral MIF after resistance training (all p < .001, d = 1.8-5.7) and balance training (all p < .05, d = 1.3-3.2). In addition, BLD decreased following resistance (p < .001, d = 3.4) and balance training (p < .001, d = 2.6). It can be concluded that both training regimens resulted in increased MIF and decreased BLD of the leg extensors (HRT-group more than BAL-group), almost reaching the levels of young adults.
PLoS one
10.1371/journal.pone.0118535
1932-6203
online registration
<a href="http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-73448">Zweitveröffentlichung in der Schriftenreihe Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe ; 268</a>
PA 2015_01
1405.88
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Rainer Beurskens
Thomas Mühlbauer
Urs Granacher
Albert Gollhofer
Marco Cardinale
Sprache
Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften
Referiert
Publikationsfonds der Universität Potsdam
Open Access
54743
2017
2017
eng
13
9
article
Frontiers Research Foundation
Lausanne
1
2017-08-11
2017-08-11
--
Balance training enhances vestibular function and reduces overactive proprioceptive feedback in elderly
Objectives: Postural control in elderly people is impaired by degradations of sensory, motor, and higher-level adaptive mechanisms. Here, we characterize the effects of a progressive balance training programon these postural control impairments using a brain network model based on system identification techniques. Methods and Material: We analyzed postural control of 35 healthy elderly subjects and compared findings to data from 35 healthy young volunteers. Eighteen elderly subjects performed a 10 week balance training conducted twice per week. Balance training was carried out in static and dynamic movement states, on support surfaces with different elastic compliances, under different visual conditions and motor tasks. Postural control was characterized by spontaneous sway and postural reactions to pseudorandom anterior-posterior tilts of the support surface. Data were interpreted using a parameter identification procedure based on a brain network model. Conclusion: Balance training reduced overactive proprioceptive feedback and restored vestibular orientation in elderly. Based on the assumption of a linear deterioration of postural control across the life span, the training effect can be extrapolated as a juvenescence of 10 years. This study points to a considerable benefit of a continuous balance training in elderly, even without any sensorimotor deficits.
Frontiers in aging neuroscience
10.3389/fnagi.2017.00273
28848430
1663-4365
wos:2017
273
WOS:000407499900001
Maurer, C (reprint author), Univ Hosp Freiburg, Dept Neurol & Neurophysiol, Freiburg, Germany., christoph.maurer@uniklinik-freiburg.de
European Union [610454]; German Research foundation (DFG) [ADV139]; DFG [MA 2543/3-1]; Brainlinks-Braintools Cluster of Excellence
2022-04-11T13:57:22+00:00
sword
importub
filename=package.tar
fb32ec258fd5e80f356994ed26043a40
false
true
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Isabella K. Wiesmeier
Daniela Dalin
Anja Wehrle
Urs Granacher
Thomas Muehlbauer
Jörg Dietterle
Cornelius Weiller
Albert Gollhofer
Christoph Maurer
eng
uncontrolled
age
eng
uncontrolled
balance
eng
uncontrolled
vestibular
eng
uncontrolled
proprioception
eng
uncontrolled
training
Medizin und Gesundheit
Referiert
Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften
Exzellenzbereich Kognitionswissenschaften
Import
Gold Open-Access
DOAJ gelistet
45532
2016
2016
eng
457
457
1
46
other
Springer
Northcote
1
--
--
--
Effects of Balance Training on Balance Performance in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (vol 45, pg 1721, 2015)
Sports medicine
10.1007/s40279-016-0500-6
26856580
0112-1642
1179-2035
wos2016:2019
WOS:000378134600016
Lesinski, M (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Div Training & Movement Sci, Res Focus Cognit Sci, Neuen Palais 10,Bldg 12, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany., mlesinsk@uni-potsdam.de
importub
2020-03-22T19:19:01+00:00
filename=package.tar
e0efa95990f16842baaf4c69fcd3c0f9
Melanie Lesinski
Tibor Hortobagyi
Thomas Mühlbauer
Albert Gollhofer
Urs Granacher
Referiert
Exzellenzbereich Kognitionswissenschaften
Import
34908
2013
2013
eng
627
641
15
7
43
review
Springer
Auckland
1
--
--
--
The importance of trunk muscle strength for balance, functional performance, and fall prevention in seniors a systematic review
Background The aging process results in a number of functional (e.g., deficits in balance and strength/power performance), neural (e.g., loss of sensory/motor neurons), muscular (e.g., atrophy of type-II muscle fibers in particular), and bone-related (e.g., osteoporosis) deteriorations. Traditionally, balance and/or lower extremity resistance training were used to mitigate these age-related deficits. However, the effects of resistance training are limited and poorly translate into improvements in balance, functional tasks, activities of daily living, and fall rates. Thus, it is necessary to develop and design new intervention programs that are specifically tailored to counteract age-related weaknesses. Recent studies indicate that measures of trunk muscle strength (TMS) are associated with variables of static/dynamic balance, functional performance, and falls (i.e., occurrence, fear, rate, and/or risk of falls). Further, there is preliminary evidence in the literature that core strength training (CST) and Pilates exercise training (PET) have a positive influence on measures of strength, balance, functional performance, and falls in older adults.
Objective The objectives of this systematic literature review are: (a) to report potential associations between TMS/trunk muscle composition and balance, functional performance, and falls in old adults, and (b) to describe and discuss the effects of CST/PET on measures of TMS, balance, functional performance, and falls in seniors.
Data Sources A systematic approach was employed to capture all articles related to TMS/trunk muscle composition, balance, functional performance, and falls in seniors that were identified using the electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science (1972 to February 2013).
Study Selection A systematic approach was used to evaluate the 582 articles identified for initial review. Cross-sectional (i.e., relationship) or longitudinal (i.e., intervention) studies were included if they investigated TMS and an outcome-related measure of balance, functional performance, and/or falls. In total, 20 studies met the inclusionary criteria for review.
Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods Longitudinal studies were evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Effect sizes (ES) were calculated whenever possible. For ease of discussion, the 20 articles were separated into three groups [i.e., cross-sectional (n = 6), CST (n = 9), PET (n = 5)].
Results The cross-sectional studies reported small-to-medium correlations between TMS/trunk muscle composition and balance, functional performance, and falls in older adults. Further, CST and/or PET proved to be feasible exercise programs for seniors with high-adherence rates. Age-related deficits in measures of TMS, balance, functional performance, and falls can be mitigated by CST (mean strength gain = 30 %, mean effect size = 0.99; mean balance/functional performance gain = 23 %, mean ES = 0.88) and by PET (mean strength gain = 12 %, mean ES = 0.52; mean balance/functional performance gain = 18 %, mean ES = 0.71).
Limitations Given that the mean PEDro quality score did not reach the predetermined cut-off of >= 6 for the intervention studies, there is a need for more high-quality studies to explicitly identify the relevance of CST and PET to the elderly population.
Conclusions Core strength training and/or PET can be used as an adjunct or even alternative to traditional balance and/or resistance training programs for old adults. Further, CST and PET are easy to administer in a group setting or in individual fall preventive or rehabilitative intervention programs because little equipment and space is needed to perform such exercises.
Sports medicine
10.1007/s40279-013-0041-1
0112-1642
wos:2011-2013
WOS:000320890300009
Granacher, U (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Cluster Excellency Cognit Sci, Dept Training & Movement Sci, Neuen Palais 10,Haus 12, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany., urs.granacher@uni-potsdam.de
German Research Foundation [MU 3327/2-1]
Urs Granacher
Albert Gollhofer
Tibor Hortobagyi
Reto W. Kressig
Thomas Mühlbauer
Referiert
Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften
Institut für Sportwissenschaft
35384
2013
2013
eng
105
113
9
2
59
article
Karger
Basel
1
--
--
--
Effects of core instability strength training on trunk muscle strength, spinal mobility, dynamic balance and functional mobility in older adults
Background: Age-related postural misalignment, balance deficits and strength/power losses are associated with impaired functional mobility and an increased risk of falling in seniors. Core instability strength training (CIT) involves exercises that are challenging for both trunk muscles and postural control and may thus have the potential to induce benefits in trunk muscle strength, spinal mobility and balance performance. Objective: The objective was to investigate the effects of CIT on measures of trunk muscle strength, spinal mobility, dynamic balance and functional mobility in seniors. Methods: Thirty-two older adults were randomly assigned to an intervention group (INT; n = 16, aged 70.8 +/- 4.1 years) that conducted a 9-week progressive CIT or to a control group (n = 16, aged 70.2 +/- 4.5 years). Maximal isometric strength of the trunk flexors/extensors/lateral flexors (right, left)/rotators (right, left) as well as of spinal mobility in the sagittal and the coronal plane was measured before and after the intervention program. Dynamic balance (i.e. walking 10 m on an optoelectric walkway, the Functional Reach test) and functional mobility (Timed Up and Go test) were additionally tested. Results: Program compliance was excellent with participants of the INT group completing 92% of the training sessions. Significant group x test interactions were found for the maximal isometric strength of the trunk flexors (34%, p < 0.001), extensors (21%, p < 0.001), lateral flexors (right: 48%, p < 0.001; left: 53%, p < 0.001) and left rotators (42%, p < 0.001) in favor of the INT group. Further, training-related improvements were found for spinal mobility in the sagittal (11%, p < 0.001) and coronal plane (11%, p = 0.06) directions, for stride velocity (9%, p < 0.05), the coefficient of variation in stride velocity (31%, p < 0.05), the Functional Reach test (20%, p < 0.05) and the Timed Up and Go test (4%, p < 0.05) in favor of the INT group. Conclusion: CIT proved to be a feasible exercise program for seniors with a high adherence rate. Age-related deficits in measures of trunk muscle strength, spinal mobility, dynamic balance and functional mobility can be mitigated by CIT. This training regimen could be used as an adjunct or even alternative to traditional balance and/or resistance training.
Gerontology
10.1159/000343152
0304-324X
wos:2011-2013
WOS:000315539700003
Granacher, U (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Dept Training & Movement Sci, Neuen Palais 10, DE-14469 Potsdam, Germany., urs.granacher@uni-potsdam.de
Urs Granacher
Andre Lacroix
Thomas Mühlbauer
Katrin Röttger
Albert Gollhofer
eng
uncontrolled
Elderly
eng
uncontrolled
Gait
eng
uncontrolled
Muscle strength
eng
uncontrolled
Physical performance
eng
uncontrolled
Postural balance
Referiert
Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften
Institut für Sportmedizin und Prävention
35187
2013
2013
eng
582
589
8
3
27
article
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Philadelphia
1
--
--
--
Association of balance, strength, and power measures in young adults
Muehlbauer, T, Gollhofer, A, and Granacher, U. Association of balance, strength, and power measures in young adults. J Strength Cond Res 27(3): 582-589, 2013-The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between variables of static/dynamic balance, isometric strength, and power. Twenty-seven young healthy adults (mean age: 23 6 4 years) performed measurements of static (unperturbed)/dynamic (perturbed) balance, isometric strength (i.e., maximal isometric torque [MIT]; rate of torque development [RTD] of the plantar flexor), and power (i.e., countermovement jump [CMJ] height and power). No significant associations were found between variables of static and dynamic balance (r = -0.090 to + 0.329, p > 0.05) and between measures of static/dynamic balance and isometric strength (r = +0.041 to +0.387, p > 0.05) and static/dynamic balance and power (r = -0.076 to + 0.218, p > 0.05). Significant positive correlations (r) were detected between variables of power and isometric strength ranging from +0.458 to +0.689 (p, 0.05). Furthermore, simple regression analyses revealed that a 10% increase in mean CMJ height (4.1 cm) was associated with 22.9 N.m and 128.4 N.m.s(-1) better MIT and RTD, respectively. The nonsignificant correlation between static and dynamic balance measures and between static/dynamic balance, isometric strength, and power variables implies that these capacities may be independent of each other and may have to be tested and trained complementarily.
Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA
10.1097/JSC.0b013e31825c2bab
1064-8011
wos:2011-2013
WOS:000315596500008
Muehlbauer, T (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Sport Sci, Jena, Germany., t.muehlbauer@uni-jena.de
Thomas Mühlbauer
Albert Gollhofer
Urs Granacher
eng
uncontrolled
static/dynamic postural control
eng
uncontrolled
maximal isometric torque
eng
uncontrolled
rate of torque development
eng
uncontrolled
jump height/power
Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften
Referiert
Exzellenzbereich Kognitionswissenschaften
35413
2013
2013
eng
108
112
5
1
37
article
Elsevier
Clare
1
--
--
--
Relationship between strength; balance and mobility in children aged 7-10 years
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between variables of lower extremity muscle strength, balance, and mobility assessed under various task conditions.
Twenty-one healthy children (mean age: 9 +/- 1 years) were tested for their isometric and dynamic strength as well as for their steady-state, proactive, and reactive balance and mobility. Balance and mobility tests were conducted under single and dual task conditions.
Significant positive correlations were detected between measures of isometric and dynamic leg muscle strength. Hardly any significant associations were observed between variables of strength and balance/mobility and between measures of steady-state, proactive, and reactive balance. Additionally, no significant correlations were detected between balance/mobility tests performed under single and dual task conditions.
The predominately non-significant correlations between different balance components and mobility imply that balance and mobility performance is task specific. Further, strength and balance/mobility as well as balance under single and dual task conditions seem to be independent of each other and may have to be tested and trained complementarily.
Gait & posture
10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.06.022
0966-6362
wos:2011-2013
WOS:000313311900019
Granacher, U (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Dept Training & Movement Sci, Neuen Palais 10,Haus 12, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany., urs.granacher@uni-potsdam.de
Thomas Mühlbauer
Carmen Besemer
Anja Wehrle
Albert Gollhofer
Urs Granacher
eng
uncontrolled
Steady-state balance
eng
uncontrolled
Proactive/reactive balance
eng
uncontrolled
Maximal isometric force
eng
uncontrolled
Jumping height
eng
uncontrolled
Single/dual tasking
eng
uncontrolled
Cognitive/motor interference
Referiert
Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften
Institut für Sportmedizin und Prävention
35464
2012
2012
eng
953
968
16
3
115
article
Sage Publ.
Missoula
1
--
--
--
Sex-related effects in strength training during adolescence a pilot study
The objective was to investigate the effects of high-velocity strength training on isometric strength of the leg extensors and jump height in female and male adolescents. Twenty-eight students (13 boys, 15 girls) ages 16 to 17 years participated in this study and were assigned to either a strength training group or a control group. Strength training was conducted over 8 weeks (2 times per week). Pre- and post-training tests included the measurements of maximal isometric force and rate of force development of the leg extensors as well as countermovement jump height. Both girls (effect size = 1.37) and boys (effect size = 0.61) showed significant improvements in jump height. However, significant increases in maximal isometric force (effect size = 1.85) and rate of force development (effect size = 2.23) were found only in girls. In female and male adolescents, high-velocity strength training is an effective training regimen that produced improvements in countermovement jump height in both sexes but higher gains in maximal isometric force and rate of force development in girls.
Perceptual & motor skills
10.2466/06.10.30.PMS.115.6.953-968
0031-5125
wos:2011-2013
WOS:000313472700025
Muehlbauer, T (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Dept Training & Movement Sci, Fac Human Sci, Neuen Palais 10,Haus 12, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany., thomas.muehlbauer@uni-potsdam.de
Thomas Mühlbauer
Albert Gollhofer
Urs Granacher
Referiert
Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften
Institut für Sportmedizin und Prävention
36246
2012
2012
eng
504
512
9
6
58
article
Karger
Basel
1
--
--
--
Relationship between strength, power and balance performance in seniors
Background: Deficits in strength, power and balance represent important intrinsic risk factors for falls in seniors. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between variables of lower extremity muscle strength/power and balance, assessed under various task conditions. Methods: Twenty-four healthy and physically active older adults (mean age: 70 8 5 years) were tested for their isometric strength (i.e. maximal isometric force of the leg extensors) and muscle power (i.e. countermovement jump height and power) as well as for their steady-state (i.e. unperturbed standing, 10-meter walk), proactive (i.e. Timed Up & Go test, Functional Reach Test) and reactive (i.e. perturbed standing) balance. Balance tests were conducted under single (i.e. standing or walking alone) and dual task conditions (i.e. standing or walking plus cognitive and motor interference task). Results: Significant positive correlations were found between measures of isometric strength and muscle power of the lower extremities (r values ranged between 0.608 and 0.720, p < 0.01). Hardly any significant associations were found between variables of strength, power and balance (i.e. no significant association in 20 out of 21 cases). Additionally, no significant correlations were found between measures of steady-state, proactive and reactive balance or balance tests performed under single and dual task conditions (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: The predominately nonsignificant correlations between different types of balance imply that balance performance is task specific in healthy and physically active seniors. Further, strength, power and balance as well as balance under single and dual task conditions seem to be independent of each other and may have to be tested and trained complementarily.
Gerontology
10.1159/000341614
0304-324X
wos:2011-2013
WOS:000310562300004
Granacher, U (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Dept Training & Movement Sci, Neuen Palais 10,Haus 12, DE-14469 Potsdam, Germany., urs.granacher@uni-potsdam.de
Thomas Mühlbauer
Carmen Besemer
Anja Wehrle
Albert Gollhofer
Urs Granacher
eng
uncontrolled
Steady-state balance
eng
uncontrolled
Proactive/reactive balance
eng
uncontrolled
Force production
eng
uncontrolled
Single/dual tasking
eng
uncontrolled
Cognitive/motor interference
Referiert
Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften
Institut für Sportmedizin und Prävention
37503
2014
2014
eng
490
498
9
4
22
article
Human Kinetics Publ.
Champaign
1
--
--
--
Relationships between trunk muscle strength, spinal mobility, and balance performance in older adults
This study investigated associations between variables of trunk muscle strength (TMS), spinal mobility, and balance in seniors. Thirty-four seniors (sex: 18 female, 16 male; age: 70 +/- 4 years; activity level: 13 +/- 7 hr/week) were tested for maximal isometric strength (MIS) of the trunk extensors, flexors, lateral flexors, rotators, spinal mobility, and steady-state, reactive, and proactive balance. Significant correlations were detected between all measures of TMS and static steady-state balance (r = .43.57, p < .05). Significant correlations were observed between specific measures of TMS and dynamic steady-state balance (r = .42.55, p < .05). No significant correlations were found between all variables of TMS and reactive/proactive balance and between all variables of spinal mobility and balance. Regression analyses revealed that TMS explains between 1-33% of total variance of the respective balance parameters. Findings indicate that TMS is related to measures of steady-state balance which may imply that TMS promoting exercises should be integrated in strength training for seniors.
Journal of aging and physical activity
10.1123/JAPA.2013-0108
24152575
1063-8652
1543-267X
wos:2014
WOS:000344445000005
Granacher, U (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Cluster Excellency Cognit Sci, Div Training & Movement Sci, Potsdam, Germany., urs.granacher@uni-potsdam.de
Urs Granacher
Andre Lacroix
Katrin Roettger
Albert Gollhofer
Thomas Mühlbauer
eng
uncontrolled
elderly
eng
uncontrolled
core
eng
uncontrolled
gait
eng
uncontrolled
postural balance
eng
uncontrolled
force
eng
uncontrolled
physical performance
Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften
Referiert
Exzellenzbereich Kognitionswissenschaften
39049
2015
2015
eng
557
576
20
4
45
review
Springer
Northcote
1
--
--
--
Dose-Response Relationships of Balance Training in Healthy Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Background Balance training (BT) has been used for the promotion of balance and sports-related skills as well as for prevention and rehabilitation of lower extremity sport injuries. However, evidence-based dose-response relationships in BT parameters have not yet been established.
Objective The objective of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis was to determine dose-response relationships in BT parameters that lead to improvements in balance in young healthy adults with different training status.
Data Sources A computerized systematic literature search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and SPORTDiscus from January 1984 up to May 2014 to capture all articles related to BT in young healthy adults.
Study Eligibility Criteria A systematic approach was used to evaluate the 596 articles identified for initial review. Only randomized controlled studies were included if they investigated BT in young healthy adults (16-40 years) and tested at least one behavioral balance performance outcome. In total, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria for review.
Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods Studies were evaluated using the physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) scale. Within-subject effect sizes (ESdw) and between-subject effect sizes (ESdb) were calculated. The included studies were coded for the following criteria: training status (elite athletes, sub-elite athletes, recreational athletes, untrained subjects), training modalities (training period, frequency, volume, etc.), and balance outcome (test for the assessment of steady-state, proactive, and reactive balance).
Results Mean ESdb demonstrated that BT is an effective means to improve steady-state (ESdb = 0.73) and proactive balance (ESdb = 0.92) in healthy young adults. Studies including elite athletes showed the largest effects (ESdb = 1.29) on measures of steady-state balance as compared with studies analyzing sub-elite athletes (ESdb = 0.32), recreational athletes (ESdb = 0.69), and untrained subjects (ESdb = 0.82). Our analyses regarding dose-response relationships in BT revealed that a training period of 11-12 weeks (ESdb = 1.09), a training frequency of three (mean ESdb = 0.72) or six (single ESdb = 1.84) sessions per week, at least 16-19 training sessions in total (ESdb = 1.12), a duration of 11-15 min for a single training session (ESdb = 1.11), four exercises per training session (ESdb = 1.29), two sets per exercise (ESdb = 1.63), and a duration of 21-40 s for a single BT exercise (ESdb = 1.06) is most effective in improving measures of steady-state balance. Due to a small number of studies, dose-response relationships of BT for measures of proactive and reactive balance could not be qualified.
Limitations The present findings must be interpreted with caution because it is difficult to separate the impact of a single training modality (e.g., training frequency) from that of the others. Moreover, the quality of the included studies was rather limited, with a mean PEDro score of 5.
Conclusions Our detailed analyses revealed effective BT parameters for the improvement of steady-state balance. Thus, practitioners and coaches are advised to consult the identified dose-response relationships of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis to implement effective BT protocols in clinical and sports-related contexts. However, further research of high methodological quality is needed to (1) determine dose-response relationships of BT for measures of proactive and reactive balance, (2) define effective sequencing protocols in BT (e.g., BT before or after a regular training session), (3) discern the effects of detraining, and (4) develop a feasible and effective method to regulate training intensity in BT.
Sports medicine
10.1007/s40279-014-0284-5
25430598
0112-1642
1179-2035
wos:2015
WOS:000352165100008
Granacher, U (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Div Training & Movement Sci, Res Focus Cognit Sci, Neuen Palais 10,House 12, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany., urs.granacher@uni-potsdam.de
Melanie Lesinski
Tibor Hortobagyi
Thomas Mühlbauer
Albert Gollhofer
Urs Granacher
Referiert
Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften
Institut für Sportwissenschaft
39152
2015
2015
eng
13
2
10
article
PLoS
San Fransisco
1
--
--
--
Effects of Heavy-Resistance Strength and Balance Training on Unilateral and Bilateral Leg Strength Performance in Old Adults
The term "bilateral deficit" (BLD) has been used to describe a reduction in performance during bilateral contractions when compared to the sum of identical unilateral contractions. In old age, maximal isometric force production (MIF) decreases and BLD increases indicating the need for training interventions to mitigate this impact in seniors. In a cross-sectional approach, we examined age-related differences in MIF and BLD in young (age: 20-30 years) and old adults (age: > 65 years). In addition, a randomized-controlled trial was conducted to investigate training-specific effects of resistance vs. balance training on MIF and BLD of the leg extensors in old adults. Subjects were randomly assigned to resistance training (n = 19), balance training (n = 14), or a control group (n = 20). Bilateral heavy-resistance training for the lower extremities was performed for 13 weeks (3 x /week) at 80% of the one repetition maximum. Balance training was conducted using predominately unilateral exercises on wobble boards, soft mats, and uneven surfaces for the same duration. Pre-and post-tests included uni-and bilateral measurements of maximal isometric leg extension force. At baseline, young subjects outperformed older adults in uni-and bilateral MIF (all p < .001; d = 2.61-3.37) and in measures of BLD (p < .001; d = 2.04). We also found significant increases in uni-and bilateral MIF after resistance training (all p < .001, d = 1.8-5.7) and balance training (all p < .05, d = 1.3-3.2). In addition, BLD decreased following resistance (p < .001, d = 3.4) and balance training (p < .001, d = 2.6). It can be concluded that both training regimens resulted in increased MIF and decreased BLD of the leg extensors (HRT-group more than BAL-group), almost reaching the levels of young adults.
PLoS one
10.1371/journal.pone.0118535
25695770
1932-6203
wos:2015
e0118535
WOS:000350062300055
Beurskens, R (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Div Training & Movement Sci, Potsdam, Germany., rainer.beurskens@uni-potsdam.de
Rainer Beurskens
Albert Gollhofer
Thomas Mühlbauer
Marco Cardinale
Urs Granacher
Referiert
Open Access
Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften
Institut für Sportwissenschaft
39999
2017
2017
eng
9
postprint
1
--
2017-08-31
--
Effects of core instability strength training on trunk muscle strength, spinal mobility, dynamic balance and functional mobility in older adults
Background: Age-related postural misalignment, balance deficits and strength/power losses are associated with impaired functional mobility and an increased risk of falling in seniors. Core instability strength training (CIT) involves exercises that are challenging for both trunk muscles and postural control and may thus have the potential to induce benefits in trunk muscle strength, spinal mobility and balance performance. Objective: The objective was to investigate the effects of CIT on measures of trunk muscle strength, spinal mobility, dynamic balance and functional mobility in seniors. Methods: Thirty-two older adults were randomly assigned to an intervention group (INT; n = 16, aged 70.8 +/- 4.1 years) that conducted a 9-week progressive CIT or to a control group (n = 16, aged 70.2 +/- 4.5 years). Maximal isometric strength of the trunk flexors/extensors/lateral flexors (right, left)/rotators (right, left) as well as of spinal mobility in the sagittal and the coronal plane was measured before and after the intervention program. Dynamic balance (i.e. walking 10 m on an optoelectric walkway, the Functional Reach test) and functional mobility (Timed Up and Go test) were additionally tested. Results: Program compliance was excellent with participants of the INT group completing 92% of the training sessions. Significant group x test interactions were found for the maximal isometric strength of the trunk flexors (34%, p < 0.001), extensors (21%, p < 0.001), lateral flexors (right: 48%, p < 0.001; left: 53%, p < 0.001) and left rotators (42%, p < 0.001) in favor of the INT group. Further, training-related improvements were found for spinal mobility in the sagittal (11%, p < 0.001) and coronal plane (11%, p = 0.06) directions, for stride velocity (9%, p < 0.05), the coefficient of variation in stride velocity (31%, p < 0.05), the Functional Reach test (20%, p < 0.05) and the Timed Up and Go test (4%, p < 0.05) in favor of the INT group. Conclusion: CIT proved to be a feasible exercise program for seniors with a high adherence rate. Age-related deficits in measures of trunk muscle strength, spinal mobility, dynamic balance and functional mobility can be mitigated by CIT. This training regimen could be used as an adjunct or even alternative to traditional balance and/or resistance training.
urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399994
online registration
Gerontology 59 (2013) Nr. 2, S. 105-113. - DOI: 10.1159/000343152
Keine öffentliche Lizenz: Unter Urheberrechtsschutz
Urs Granacher
Andre Lacroix
Thomas Mühlbauer
Katrin Roettger
Albert Gollhofer
Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
332
eng
uncontrolled
elderly
eng
uncontrolled
gait
eng
uncontrolled
muscle strength
eng
uncontrolled
physical performance
eng
uncontrolled
postural balance
Medizin und Gesundheit
open_access
Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät
Referiert
Open Access
Karger Journals
Universität Potsdam
https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/files/39999/pmnr332_online.pdf
39997
2017
2017
eng
9
postprint
1
--
2017-08-31
--
Relationship between strength, power and balance performance in seniors
Background: Deficits in strength, power and balance represent important intrinsic risk factors for falls in seniors. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between variables of lower extremity muscle strength/power and balance, assessed under various task conditions. Methods: Twenty-four healthy and physically active older adults (mean age: 70 8 5 years) were tested for their isometric strength (i.e. maximal isometric force of the leg extensors) and muscle power (i.e. countermovement jump height and power) as well as for their steady-state (i.e. unperturbed standing, 10-meter walk), proactive (i.e. Timed Up & Go test, Functional Reach Test) and reactive (i.e. perturbed standing) balance. Balance tests were conducted under single (i.e. standing or walking alone) and dual task conditions (i.e. standing or walking plus cognitive and motor interference task). Results: Significant positive correlations were found between measures of isometric strength and muscle power of the lower extremities (r values ranged between 0.608 and 0.720, p < 0.01). Hardly any significant associations were found between variables of strength, power and balance (i.e. no significant association in 20 out of 21 cases). Additionally, no significant correlations were found between measures of steady-state, proactive and reactive balance or balance tests performed under single and dual task conditions (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: The predominately nonsignificant correlations between different types of balance imply that balance performance is task specific in healthy and physically active seniors. Further, strength, power and balance as well as balance under single and dual task conditions seem to be independent of each other and may have to be tested and trained complementarily
urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399970
online registration
Gerontology 58 (2012) Nr. 6, S. 504-512. - DOI: 10.1159/000341614
Keine öffentliche Lizenz: Unter Urheberrechtsschutz
Thomas Mühlbauer
Carmen Besemer
Anja Wehrle
Albert Gollhofer
Urs Granacher
Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
331
eng
uncontrolled
steady-state balance
eng
uncontrolled
proactive/reactive balance
eng
uncontrolled
force production
eng
uncontrolled
single/dual tasking
eng
uncontrolled
cognitive/motor interference
Medizin und Gesundheit
open_access
Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät
Referiert
Open Access
Karger Journals
Universität Potsdam
https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/files/39997/phr331_online.pdf
40657
2016
2018
eng
14
429
postprint
1
2018-06-06
2018-06-06
--
Effects of resistance training in youth athletes on muscular fitness and athletic performance
During the stages of long-term athlete development (LTAD), resistance training (RT) is an important means for (i) stimulating athletic development, (ii) tolerating the demands of long-term training and competition, and (iii) inducing long-term health promoting effects that are robust over time and track into adulthood. However, there is a gap in the literature with regards to optimal RT methods during LTAD and how RT is linked to biological age. Thus, the aims of this scoping review were (i) to describe and discuss the effects of RT on muscular fitness and athletic performance in youth athletes, (ii) to introduce a conceptual model on how to appropriately implement different types of RT within LTAD stages, and (iii) to identify research gaps from the existing literature by deducing implications for future research. In general, RT produced small -to -moderate effects on muscular fitness and athletic performance in youth athletes with muscular strength showing the largest improvement. Free weight, complex, and plyometric training appear to be well -suited to improve muscular fitness and athletic performance. In addition, balance training appears to be an important preparatory (facilitating) training program during all stages of LTAD but particularly during the early stages. As youth athletes become more mature, specificity, and intensity of RT methods increase. This scoping review identified research gaps that are summarized in the following and that should be addressed in future studies: (i) to elucidate the influence of gender and biological age on the adaptive potential following RT in youth athletes (especially in females), (ii) to describe RT protocols in more detail (i.e., always report stress and strain based parameters), and (iii) to examine neuromuscular and tendomuscular adaptations following RT in youth athletes.
Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
a conceptual model for long-term athlete development
urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406574
online registration
Frontiers in physiology 7 (2016), Art. 164, DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00164
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Urs Granacher
Melanie Lesinski
Dirk Büsch
Thomas Mühlbauer
Olaf Prieske
Christian Puta
Albert Gollhofer
David George Behm
Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
429
eng
uncontrolled
weight lifting
eng
uncontrolled
children
eng
uncontrolled
adolescents
eng
uncontrolled
physical fitness
eng
uncontrolled
muscle strength
eng
uncontrolled
muscle power
eng
uncontrolled
muscular endurance
Medizin und Gesundheit
open_access
Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät
Referiert
Open Access
Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften
Frontiers
Universität Potsdam
https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/files/40657/phr_429.online.pdf
32190
2010
2010
eng
article
1
--
--
--
Effects of ankle fatigue on functional reflex activity during gait perturbations in young and elderly men
There is growing evidence that aging and muscle fatigue result in impaired postural reflexes in humans. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effects of ankle fatigue on functional reflex activity (ERA) during gait perturbations in young and elderly men. Twenty-eight young (27.0 +/- 3.1 years, n = 14) and old (67.2 +/- 3.7 years, n = 14) healthy active men participated in this study. Fatigue of the plantarflexors and dorsiflexors was induced by isokinetic contractions. Pre and post-fatigue, subjects were tested for their ability to compensate for decelerating gait perturbations while walking on a treadmill. Latency, ERA of lower extremity muscles and angular velocity of the ankle joint complex were analysed by means of surface electromyography and goniometry. After the fatigue protocol, no significant main and interaction effects were detected for the parameter latency in m. tibialis anterior (TA). For both groups, a significant pre to post-test decrease in ERA in TA (P<.001) was observed coming along with increases in antagonist coactivity (P=.013) and maximal angular velocity of the ankle joint (p=.007). However, no significant group x test interactions were found for the three parameters. Ankle fatigue has an impact on the ability to compensate for gait perturbations in young and elderly adults. However, no significant differences in all analysed parameters were detected between young and elderly subjects. These results may imply that age-related deteriorations in the postural control system do not specifically affect the ability to compensate for gait perturbations under fatigued condition.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09666362
10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.03.016
0966-6362
allegro:1991-2014
10108544
Gait & posture. - ISSN 0966-6362. - 32 (2010), 1, S. 107 - 112
Urs Granacher
Markus Gruber
Dominik Foerderer
Dieter Strass
Albert Gollhofer
Referiert
Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften
31674
2009
2009
eng
article
1
--
--
--
Resistance training and neuromuscular performance in seniors
Age-related processes in the neuromuscular and the somatosensory system are responsible for decreases in maximal and explosive force production capacity and deficits in postural control. Thus, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of resistance training on strength performance and on postural control in seniors. Forty healthy seniors (67 +/- 1 yrs) participated in this study. Subjects were randomly assigned to a resistance training (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20). Resistance training for the lower extremities lasted for 13 weeks at 80% of the one repetition maximum. Pre and post tests included the measurement of maximal isometric leg extension force with special emphasis on the early part of the force-time-curve and the assessment of static (functional reach test) and dynamic (tandem walk test, platform perturbation) postural control. Resistance training resulted I in an enhanced strength performance with increases I in explosive force exceeding those in maximal strength. Improved performances in the functional reach and in the tandem walk test were observed. Resistance training did not have an effect: on the compensation of platform perturbations. Increases in strength performance can primarily be explained by an improved neural drive of the agonist muscles. The inconsistent effect of resistance training on postural control may be explained by heterogeneity of testing methodology or by the incapability of isolated resisiance training to improve postural control.
http://www.thieme-connect.de/ejournals/toc/sportsmed
10.1055/s-0029-1224178
0172-4622
allegro:1991-2014
10108008
International journal of sports medicine. - ISSN 0172-4622. - 30 (2009), 9, S. 652 - 657
Urs Granacher
Markus Gruber
Albert Gollhofer
Referiert
Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften
45531
2016
2016
eng
455
455
1
46
other
Springer
Northcote
1
--
--
--
Dose-Response Relationships of Balance Training in Healthy Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (vol 45, pg 557, 2015)
Sports medicine
10.1007/s40279-016-0499-8
26856337
0112-1642
1179-2035
wos2016:2019
WOS:000378134600015
Granacher, U (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Res Focus Cognit Sci, Div Training & Movement Sci, Neuen Palais 10,House 12, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany., urs.granacher@uni-potsdam.de
importub
2020-03-22T19:19:01+00:00
filename=package.tar
e0efa95990f16842baaf4c69fcd3c0f9
Melanie Lesinski
Tibor Hortobagyi
Thomas Mühlbauer
Albert Gollhofer
Urs Granacher
Referiert
Exzellenzbereich Kognitionswissenschaften
Import
45348
2016
2016
eng
14
7
review
Frontiers Research Foundation
Lausanne
1
--
--
--
Effects of Resistance Training in Youth Athletes on Muscular Fitness and Athletic Performance: A Conceptual Model for Long-Term Athlete Development
During the stages of long-term athlete development (LTAD), resistance training (RT) is an important means for (i) stimulating athletic development, (ii) tolerating the demands of long-term training and competition, and (iii) inducing long-term health promoting effects that are robust over time and track into adulthood. However, there is a gap in the literature with regards to optimal RT methods during LTAD and how RT is linked to biological age. Thus, the aims of this scoping review were (i) to describe and discuss the effects of RT on muscular fitness and athletic performance in youth athletes, (ii) to introduce a conceptual model on how to appropriately implement different types of RT within LTAD stages, and (iii) to identify research gaps from the existing literature by deducing implications for future research. In general, RT produced small -to -moderate effects on muscular fitness and athletic performance in youth athletes with muscular strength showing the largest improvement. Free weight, complex, and plyometric training appear to be well -suited to improve muscular fitness and athletic performance. In addition, balance training appears to be an important preparatory (facilitating) training program during all stages of LTAD but particularly during the early stages. As youth athletes become more mature, specificity, and intensity of RT methods increase. This scoping review identified research gaps that are summarized in the following and that should be addressed in future studies: (i) to elucidate the influence of gender and biological age on the adaptive potential following RT in youth athletes (especially in females), (ii) to describe RT protocols in more detail (i.e., always report stress and strain based parameters), and (iii) to examine neuromuscular and tendomuscular adaptations following RT in youth athletes.
Frontiers in physiology
10.3389/fphys.2016.00164
27242538
1664-042X
wos2016:2019
UNSP 164
WOS:000375551800001
Granacher, U (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Res Focus Cognit Sci, Div Training & Movement Sci, Potsdam, Germany., urs.granacher@uni-potsdam.de
German Federal Institute of Sport Science [ZMVI1-081901 14-18]
importub
2020-03-22T17:47:01+00:00
filename=package.tar
7721e1b42d83486089e192de79e9982b
Urs Granacher
Melanie Lesinski
Dirk Buesch
Thomas Mühlbauer
Olaf Prieske
Christian Puta
Albert Gollhofer
David George Behm
eng
uncontrolled
weight lifting
eng
uncontrolled
children
eng
uncontrolled
adolescents
eng
uncontrolled
physical fitness
eng
uncontrolled
muscle strength
eng
uncontrolled
muscle power
eng
uncontrolled
muscular endurance
Referiert
Exzellenzbereich Kognitionswissenschaften
Import