51910
2021
2021
eng
21
5
16
article
PLOS
San Francisco
1
2021-05-06
2021-05-06
--
Paired personal interaction reveals objective differences between pushing and holding isometric muscle action
In sports and movement sciences isometric muscle function is usually measured by pushing against a stable resistance. However, subjectively one can hold or push isometrically. Several investigations suggest a distinction of those forms. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these two forms of isometric muscle action can be distinguished by objective parameters in an interpersonal setting. 20 subjects were grouped in 10 same sex pairs, in which one partner should perform the pushing isometric muscle action (PIMA) and the other partner executed the holding isometric muscle action (HIMA). The partners had contact at the distal forearms via an interface, which included a strain gauge and an acceleration sensor. The mechanical oscillations of the triceps brachii (MMGtri) muscle, its tendon (MTGtri) and the abdominal muscle (MMGobl) were recorded by a piezoelectric-sensor-based measurement system. Each partner performed three 15s (80% MVIC) and two fatiguing trials (90% MVIC) during PIMA and HIMA, respectively. Parameters to compare PIMA and HIMA were the mean frequency, the normalized mean amplitude, the amplitude variation, the power in the frequency range of 8 to 15 Hz, a special power-frequency ratio and the number of task failures during HIMA or PIMA (partner who quit the task). A “HIMA failure” occurred in 85% of trials (p < 0.001). No significant differences between PIMA and HIMA were found for the mean frequency and normalized amplitude. The MMGobl showed significantly higher values of amplitude variation (15s: p = 0.013; fatiguing: p = 0.007) and of power-frequency-ratio (15s: p = 0.040; fatiguing: p = 0.002) during HIMA and a higher power in the range of 8 to 15 Hz during PIMA (15s: p = 0.001; fatiguing: p = 0.011). MMGtri and MTGtri showed no significant differences. Based on the findings it is suggested that a holding and a pushing isometric muscle action can be distinguished objectively, whereby a more complex neural control is assumed for HIMA.
PLOS One
10.1371/journal.pone.0238331
1932-6203
Universität Potsdam
PA 2021_032
1708.35
<a href=" https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-51911">Zweitveröffentlichung in der Schriftenreihe Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe ; 714</a>
false
false
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Laura V. Schaefer
Frank N. Bittmann
eng
uncontrolled
neural-control
eng
uncontrolled
task failure
eng
uncontrolled
lengthening contractions
eng
uncontrolled
force
eng
uncontrolled
oscillations
eng
uncontrolled
load
eng
uncontrolled
time
eng
uncontrolled
synchronization
eng
uncontrolled
activation
eng
uncontrolled
principles
Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik
Medizin und Gesundheit
open_access
Referiert
Publikationsfonds der Universität Potsdam
Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften
Gold Open-Access
51094
2021
2021
eng
23
6
11
article
MDPI
Basel
1
2021-05-21
2021-04-14
--
Assessment of the adaptive force of Elbow extensors in healthy subjects quantified by a novel pneumatically driven measurement system with considerations of its quality criteria
Adaptive Force (AF) reflects the capability of the neuromuscular system to adapt adequately to external forces with the intention of maintaining a position or motion. One specific approach to assessing AF is to measure force and limb position during a pneumatically applied increasing external force. Through this method, the highest (AFmax), the maximal isometric (AFisomax) and the maximal eccentric Adaptive Force (AFeccmax) can be determined. The main question of the study was whether the AFisomax is a specific and independent parameter of muscle function compared to other maximal forces. In 13 healthy subjects (9 male and 4 female), the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (pre- and post-MVIC), the three AF parameters and the MVIC with a prior concentric contraction (MVICpri-con) of the elbow extensors were measured 4 times on two days. Arithmetic mean (M) and maximal (Max) torques of all force types were analyzed. Regarding the reliability of the AF parameters between days, the mean changes were 0.31–1.98 Nm (0.61%–5.47%, p = 0.175–0.552), the standard errors of measurements (SEM) were 1.29–5.68 Nm (2.53%–15.70%) and the ICCs(3,1) = 0.896–0.996. M and Max of AFisomax, AFmax and pre-MVIC correlated highly (r = 0.85–0.98). The M and Max of AFisomax were significantly lower (6.12–14.93 Nm; p ≤ 0.001–0.009) and more variable between trials (coefficient of variation (CVs) ≥ 21.95%) compared to those of pre-MVIC and AFmax (CVs ≤ 5.4%). The results suggest the novel measuring procedure is suitable to reliably quantify the AF, whereby the presented measurement errors should be taken into consideration. The AFisomax seems to reflect its own strength capacity and should be detected separately. It is suggested its normalization to the MVIC or AFmax could serve as an indicator of a neuromuscular function.
Diagnostics : open access journal
10.3390/diagnostics11060923
2075-4418
34063869
923
<a href="https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-51095">Zweitveröffentlichung in der Schriftenreihe Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe ; 710</a>
Universität Potsdam
PA 2021_043
1502.26
WOS:000665320800001
Dech, Silas
Deutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftGerman Research Foundation (DFG)
Dech, S (corresponding author), Univ Potsdam, Regulat Physiol & Prevent, Dept Sports & Hlth Sci, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.
2662336-5
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Silas Dech
Frank Bittmann
Laura V. Schaefer
eng
uncontrolled
adaptive force
eng
uncontrolled
sensorimotor control
eng
uncontrolled
isometric muscle action
eng
uncontrolled
eccentric muscle action
eng
uncontrolled
maximal voluntary contraction
eng
uncontrolled
adaptive holding capacity
eng
uncontrolled
reliability
eng
uncontrolled
validity
eng
uncontrolled
neuromuscular functionality
Medizin und Gesundheit
Referiert
Publikationsfonds der Universität Potsdam
Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften
Gold Open-Access
58202
2022
2022
eng
23
10
12
article
MDPI
Basel, Schweiz
1
2022-09-29
2022-09-29
--
Emotional Imagery Influences the Adaptive Force in Young Women
The link between emotions and motor function has been known for decades but is still not clarified. The Adaptive Force (AF) describes the neuromuscular capability to adapt to increasing forces and was suggested to be especially vulnerable to interfering inputs. This study investigated the influence of pleasant an unpleasant food imagery on the manually assessed AF of elbow and hip flexors objectified by a handheld device in 12 healthy women. The maximal isometric AF was significantly reduced during unpleasant vs. pleasant imagery and baseline (p < 0.001, dz = 0.98–1.61). During unpleasant imagery, muscle lengthening started at 59.00 ± 22.50% of maximal AF, in contrast to baseline and pleasant imagery, during which the isometric position could be maintained mostly during the entire force increase up to ~97.90 ± 5.00% of maximal AF. Healthy participants showed an immediately impaired holding function triggered by unpleasant imagery, presumably related to negative emotions. Hence, AF seems to be suitable to test instantaneously the effect of emotions on motor function. Since musculoskeletal complaints can result from muscular instability, the findings provide insights into the understanding of the causal chain of linked musculoskeletal pain and mental stress. A case example (current stress vs. positive imagery) suggests that the approach presented in this study might have future implications for psychomotor diagnostics and therapeutics.
Brain Sciences
Unpleasant Imagery Reduces Instantaneously the Muscular Holding Capacity
10.3390/brainsci12101318
2076-3425
2651993-8
1318
<a href="https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-58201">Zweitveröffentlichung in der Schriftenreihe Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe ; 816</a>
Schaefer, Laura V.
Universität Potsdam
PA 2022_134
1450
false
false
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Laura V. Schaefer
Silas Dech
Lara L. Wolff
Frank N. Bittmannn
eng
uncontrolled
Adaptive Force
eng
uncontrolled
maximal isometric Adaptive Force
eng
uncontrolled
holding capability
eng
uncontrolled
neuromuscular adaptation
eng
uncontrolled
motor control
eng
uncontrolled
pleasant and unpleasant imagery
eng
uncontrolled
emotions
eng
uncontrolled
emotional imagery
eng
uncontrolled
manual muscle test
Biowissenschaften; Biologie
Referiert
Publikationsfonds der Universität Potsdam
Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften
Gold Open-Access
56686
2022
2022
eng
1
10
10
55
article
Springer Nature
London
1
2022-03-30
2022-03-30
--
Muscle oxygenation and time to task failure of submaximal holding and pulling isometric muscle actions and influence of intermittent voluntary muscle twitches
Background
Isometric muscle actions can be performed either by initiating the action, e.g., pulling on an immovable resistance (PIMA), or by reacting to an external load, e.g., holding a weight (HIMA). In the present study, it was mainly examined if these modalities could be differentiated by oxygenation variables as well as by time to task failure (TTF). Furthermore, it was analyzed if variables are changed by intermittent voluntary muscle twitches during weight holding (Twitch). It was assumed that twitches during a weight holding task change the character of the isometric muscle action from reacting (≙ HIMA) to acting (≙ PIMA).
Methods
Twelve subjects (two drop outs) randomly performed two tasks (HIMA vs. PIMA or HIMA vs. Twitch, n = 5 each) with the elbow flexors at 60% of maximal torque maintained until muscle failure with each arm. Local capillary venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) and relative hemoglobin amount (rHb) were measured by light spectrometry.
Results
Within subjects, no significant differences were found between tasks regarding the behavior of SvO2 and rHb, the slope and extent of deoxygenation (max. SvO2 decrease), SvO2 level at global rHb minimum, and time to SvO2 steady states. The TTF was significantly longer during Twitch and PIMA (incl. Twitch) compared to HIMA (p = 0.043 and 0.047, respectively). There was no substantial correlation between TTF and maximal deoxygenation independently of the task (r = − 0.13).
Conclusions
HIMA and PIMA seem to have a similar microvascular oxygen and blood supply. The supply might be sufficient, which is expressed by homeostatic steady states of SvO2 in all trials and increases in rHb in most of the trials. Intermittent voluntary muscle twitches might not serve as a further support but extend the TTF. A changed neuromuscular control is discussed as possible explanation.
BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation
10.1186/s13102-022-00447-9
1758-2555
<a href="https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-56687">Zweitveröffentlichung in der Schriftenreihe Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe ; 798</a>
Dech, Silas
false
false
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Silas Dech
Frank N. Bittmann
Laura V. Schaefer
eng
uncontrolled
Oxygen saturation
eng
uncontrolled
Microvascular blood filling
eng
uncontrolled
Isometric contraction
eng
uncontrolled
Isometric muscle action
eng
uncontrolled
Holding isometric muscle action
eng
uncontrolled
Pulling isometric muscle action
eng
uncontrolled
Pushing isometric muscle action
eng
uncontrolled
Time to task failure
eng
uncontrolled
Muscle twitch
Medizin und Gesundheit
Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften
Referiert
Publikationsfonds der Universität Potsdam
Gold Open-Access
56017
2021
2021
eng
15
1
11
article
Macmillan
London
1
2021-01-29
2021-01-29
--
Mechanomyography and acceleration show interlimb asymmetries in Parkinson patients without tremor compared to controls during a unilateral motor task
The mechanical muscular oscillations are rarely the objective of investigations regarding the identification of a biomarker for Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether or not this specific motor output differs between PD patients and controls. The novelty is that patients without tremor are investigated performing a unilateral isometric motor task. The force of armflexors and the forearm acceleration (ACC) were recorded as well as the mechanomyography of the biceps brachii (MMGbi), brachioradialis (MMGbra) and pectoralis major (MMGpect) muscles using a piezoelectric-sensor-based system during a unilateral motor task at 70% of the MVIC. The frequency, a power-frequency-ratio, the amplitude variation, the slope of amplitudes and their interlimb asymmetries were analysed. The results indicate that the oscillatory behavior of muscular output in PD without tremor deviates from controls in some parameters: Significant differences appeared for the power-frequency-ratio (p=0.001, r=0.43) and for the amplitude variation (p=0.003, r=0.34) of MMGpect. The interlimb asymmetries differed significantly concerning the power-frequency-ratio of MMGbi (p=0.013, r=0.42) and MMGbra (p=0.048, r=0.39) as well as regarding the mean frequency (p=0.004, r=0.48) and amplitude variation of MMGpect (p=0.033, r=0.37). The mean (M) and variation coefficient (CV) of slope of ACC differed significantly (M: p=0.022, r=0.33; CV: p=0.004, r=0.43). All other parameters showed no significant differences between PD and controls. It remains open, if this altered mechanical muscular output is reproducible and specific for PD.
Scientific reports
10.1038/s41598-021-81672-z
33514788
2045-2322
outputup:dataSource:PubMed:2021
2631
WOS:000616803100014
Schaefer, LV (corresponding author), Univ Potsdam, Dept Sports & Hlth Sci, Div Regulat Physiol & Prevent, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25,House 24, D-14476 Golm, Germany., lschaefe@uni-potsdam.de
German Society for Parkinson's and movement disorders
Schaefer, Laura V.
2022-09-12T08:44:58+00:00
sword
importub
filename=package.tar
7fcabbfdca03132a305c0a6836f31abd
2615211-3
false
true
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Laura V. Schaefer
Nils Löffler
Julia Klein
Frank Bittmann
eng
uncontrolled
Diseases
eng
uncontrolled
Neurology
eng
uncontrolled
Neuroscience
Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik
Technik, Technologie
Referiert
Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften
Import
Gold Open-Access
43917
2019
2019
eng
12
10
article
Frontiers Research Foundation
Lausanne
1
2019-07-23
2019-07-23
--
Muscular Pre-Activation Can Boost the Maximal Explosive Eccentric Adaptive Force
The improvement of power is an objective in training of athletes. In order to detect effective methods of exercise, basic research is required regarding the mechanisms of muscular activity. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether or not a muscular pre-activation prior to an external impulse-like force impact has an effect on the maximal explosive eccentric Adaptive Force (xpAFeccmax). This power capability combines different probable power enhancing mechanisms. To measure the xpAFeccmax an innovative pneumatic device was used. During measuring, the subject tries to hold an isometric position as long as possible. In the moment in which the subjects’ maximal isometric holding strength is exceeded, it merges into eccentric muscle action. This process is very close to motions in sports, where an adaptation of the neuromuscular system is required, e.g., force impacts caused by uneven surfaces during skiing. For investigating the effect of pre-activation on the xpAFeccmax of the quadriceps femoris muscle, n = 20 subjects had to pass three different pre-activation levels in a randomized order (level 1: 0.4 bar, level 2: 0.8 bar, level 3: 1.2 bar). After adjusting the standardized pre-pressure by pushing against the interface, an impulse-like load impacted on the distal tibia of the subject. During this, the xpAFeccmax was detected. The maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) was also measured. The torque values of the xpAFeccmax were compared with regard to the pre-activation levels. The results show a significant positive relation between the pre-activation of the quadriceps femoris muscle and the xpAFeccmax (male: p = 0.000, η2= 0.683; female: p = 0.000, η2= 0.907). The average percentage increase of torque amounted +28.15 ± 25.4% between MVIC and xpAFeccmax with pre-pressure level 1, +12.09 ± 7.9% for the xpAFeccmax comparing pre-pressure levels 1 vs. 2 and +2.98 ± 4.2% comparing levels 2 and 3. A higher but not maximal muscular activation prior to a fast impacting eccentric load seems to produce an immediate increase of force outcome. Different possible physiological explanatory approaches and the use as a potential training method are discussed.
Frontiers in Physiology
10.3389/fphys.2019.00910
1664-042X
Universität Potsdam
PA 2019_93
1990.30
910
<a href=" https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-43918">Zweitveröffentlichung in der Schriftenreihe Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe ; 582</a>
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Laura V. Schaefer
Frank N. Bittmann
eng
uncontrolled
Adaptive Force
eng
uncontrolled
neuromuscular pre-activation
eng
uncontrolled
power improvement
eng
uncontrolled
muscular activity
eng
uncontrolled
adaptation to external force impact
Medizin und Gesundheit
open_access
Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften
Referiert
Publikationsfonds der Universität Potsdam
Open Access
52303
2021
2019
eng
15
11
article
Springer Nature
Berlin
1
2021-01-29
2019-01-22
--
Mechanomyography and acceleration show interlimb asymmetries in Parkinson patients without tremor compared to controls during a unilateral motor task
The mechanical muscular oscillations are rarely the objective of investigations regarding the identification of a biomarker for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether or not this specific motor output differs between PD patients and controls. The novelty is that patients without tremor are investigated performing a unilateral isometric motor task. The force of armflexors and the forearm acceleration (ACC) were recorded as well as the mechanomyography of the biceps brachii (MMGbi), brachioradialis (MMGbra) and pectoralis major (MMGpect) muscles using a piezoelectric-sensor-based system during a unilateral motor task at 70% of the MVIC. The frequency, a power-frequency-ratio, the amplitude variation, the slope of amplitudes and their interlimb asymmetries were analysed. The results indicate that the oscillatory behavior of muscular output in PD without tremor deviates from controls in some parameters: Significant differences appeared for the power-frequency-ratio (p = 0.001, r = 0.43) and for the amplitude variation (p = 0.003, r = 0.34) of MMGpect. The interlimb asymmetries differed significantly concerning the power-frequency-ratio of MMGbi (p = 0.013, r = 0.42) and MMGbra (p = 0.048, r = 0.39) as well as regarding the mean frequency (p = 0.004, r = 0.48) and amplitude variation of MMGpect (p = 0.033, r = 0.37). The mean (M) and variation coefficient (CV) of slope of ACC differed significantly (M: p = 0.022, r = 0.33; CV: p = 0.004, r = 0.43). All other parameters showed no significant differences between PD and controls. It remains open, if this altered mechanical muscular output is reproducible and specific for PD.
Scientific Reports
2045-2322
10.1038/s41598-021-81672-z
Universität Potsdam
PA 2021_067
1837.00
<a href=" https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-52304 ">Zweitveröffentlichung in der Schriftenreihe Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe ; 720</a>
2631
Schaefer, Laura V.
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Laura V. Schaefer
Nils Löffler
Julia Klein
Frank N. Bittmann
Medizin und Gesundheit
Referiert
Publikationsfonds der Universität Potsdam
Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften
Gold Open-Access
44542
2020
2020
eng
16
10
article
Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
London
1
2020-01-24
2020-01-24
--
Parkinson patients without tremor show changed patterns of mechanical muscle oscillations during a specific bilateral motor task compared to controls
The pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is still not understood. There are investigations which show a changed oscillatory behaviour of brain circuits or changes in variability of, e.g., gait parameters in PD. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not the motor output differs between PD patients and healthy controls. Thereby, patients without tremor are investigated in the medication off state performing a special bilateral isometric motor task. The force and accelerations (ACC) were recorded as well as the Mechanomyography (MMG) of the biceps brachii, the brachioradialis and of the pectoralis major muscles using piezoelectric-sensors during the bilateral motor task at 60% of the maximal isometric contraction. The frequency, a specific power ratio, the amplitude variation and the slope of amplitudes were analysed. The results indicate that the oscillatory behaviour of motor output in PD patients without tremor deviates from controls: thereby, the 95%-confidence-intervals of power ratio and of amplitude variation of all signals are disjoint between PD and controls and show significant differences in group comparisons (power ratio: p = 0.000–0.004, r = 0.441–0.579; amplitude variation: p = 0.000–0.001, r = 0.37–0.67). The mean frequency shows a significant difference for ACC (p = 0.009, r = 0.43), but not for MMG. It remains open, whether this muscular output reflects changes of brain circuits and whether the results are reproducible and specific for PD.
Scientific Reports
10.1038/s41598-020-57766-5
2045-2322
Universität Potsdam
PA 2020_002
1868.30
1168
<a href=" https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-44543">Zweitveröffentlichung in der Schriftenreihe Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe ; 602</a>
false
false
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Laura V. Schaefer
Frank N. Bittmann
Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik
Technik, Technologie
open_access
Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften
Referiert
Publikationsfonds der Universität Potsdam
Open Access
52406
2021
2021
eng
17
11
11
article
MDPI
Basel
1
2021-10-23
2021-07-29
--
Muscle oxygenation level might trigger the regulation of capillary venous blood filling during fatiguing isometric muscle actions
The regulation of oxygen and blood supply during isometric muscle actions is still unclear. Recently, two behavioral types of oxygen saturation (SvO2) and relative hemoglobin amount (rHb) in venous microvessels were described during a fatiguing holding isometric muscle action (HIMA) (type I: nearly parallel behavior of SvO2 and rHb; type II: partly inverse behavior). The study aimed to ascertain an explanation of these two regulative behaviors. Twelve subjects performed one fatiguing HIMA trial with each arm by weight holding at 60% of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in a 90° elbow flexion. Six subjects additionally executed one fatiguing PIMA trial by pulling on an immovable resistance with 60% of the MVIC with each side and same position. Both regulative types mentioned were found during HIMA (I: n = 7, II: n = 17) and PIMA (I: n = 3, II: n = 9). During the fatiguing measurements, rHb decreased initially and started to increase in type II at an average SvO2-level of 58.75 ± 2.14%. In type I, SvO2 never reached that specific value during loading. This might indicate the existence of a threshold around 59% which seems to trigger the increase in rHb and could explain the two behavioral types. An approach is discussed to meet the apparent incompatibility of an increased capillary blood filling (rHb) despite high intramuscular pressures which were found by other research groups during isometric muscle actions.
Diagnostics
2075-4418
Universität Potsdam
PA 2021_132
1545.18
<a href=" https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-52407 ">Zweitveröffentlichung in der Schriftenreihe Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe ; 723</a>
1973
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Silas Dech
Frank N. Bittmann
Laura V. Schaefer
eng
uncontrolled
muscle oxygen saturation
eng
uncontrolled
hemoglobin amount
eng
uncontrolled
isometric muscle action
eng
uncontrolled
O2C spectrophotometer
eng
uncontrolled
capillary recruitment
eng
uncontrolled
blood flow
eng
uncontrolled
holding isometric muscle action (HIMA)
eng
uncontrolled
pulling isometric muscle action (PIMA)
Medizin und Gesundheit
Referiert
Publikationsfonds der Universität Potsdam
Department Psychologie
Gold Open-Access
54897
2021
2021
eng
1
16
16
11
article
Springer Nature
London
1
2021-08-12
2021-08-12
--
Disgusting odours affect the characteristics of the adaptive force in contrast to neutral and pleasant odours
The olfactomotor system is especially investigated by examining the sniffing in reaction to olfactory stimuli. The motor output of respiratory-independent muscles was seldomly considered regarding possible influences of smells. The Adaptive Force (AF) characterizes the capability of the neuromuscular system to adapt to external forces in a holding manner and was suggested to be more vulnerable to possible interfering stimuli due to the underlying complex control processes. The aim of this pilot study was to measure the effects of olfactory inputs on the AF of the hip and elbow flexors, respectively. The AF of 10 subjects was examined manually by experienced testers while smelling at sniffing sticks with neutral, pleasant or disgusting odours. The reaction force and the limb position were recorded by a handheld device. The results show, inter alia, a significantly lower maximal isometric AF and a significantly higher AF at the onset of oscillations by perceiving disgusting odours compared to pleasant or neutral odours (p < 0.001). The adaptive holding capacity seems to reflect the functionality of the neuromuscular control, which can be impaired by disgusting olfactory inputs. An undisturbed functioning neuromuscular system appears to be characterized by a proper length tension control and by an earlier onset of mutual oscillations during an external force increase. This highlights the strong connection of olfaction and motor control also regarding respiratory-independent muscles.
Scientific Reports
10.1038/s41598-021-95759-0
2045-2322
34385522
16410 (2021)
Schaefer, Laura V.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-54898">Zweitveröffentlichung in der Schriftenreihe Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe ; 758</a>
2615211-3
WOS:000686909600055
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Laura V. Schaefer
Silas Dech
Markus Aehle
Frank Bittmann
Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik
Technik, Technologie
Medizin und Gesundheit
Extern
Referiert
Publikationsfonds der Universität Potsdam
Department Psychologie
Gold Open-Access