35270
2013
2013
eng
10
1
8
article
PLoS
San Fransisco
1
--
--
--
Human-mediated dispersal of seeds by the airflow of vehicles
Human-mediated dispersal is known as an important driver of long-distance dispersal for plants but underlying mechanisms have rarely been assessed. Road corridors function as routes of secondary dispersal for many plant species but the extent to which vehicles support this process remains unclear. In this paper we quantify dispersal distances and seed deposition of plant species moved over the ground by the slipstream of passing cars. We exposed marked seeds of four species on a section of road and drove a car along the road at a speed of 48 km/h. By tracking seeds we quantified movement parallel as well as lateral to the road, resulting dispersal kernels, and the effect of repeated vehicle passes. Median distances travelled by seeds along the road were about eight meters for species with wind dispersal morphologies and one meter for species without such adaptations. Airflow created by the car lifted seeds and resulted in longitudinal dispersal. Single seeds reached our maximum measuring distance of 45 m and for some species exceeded distances under primary dispersal. Mathematical models were fit to dispersal kernels. The incremental effect of passing vehicles on longitudinal dispersal decreased with increasing number of passes as seeds accumulated at road verges. We conclude that dispersal by vehicle airflow facilitates seed movement along roads and accumulation of seeds in roadside habitats. Dispersal by vehicle airflow can aid the spread of plant species and thus has wide implications for roadside ecology, invasion biology and nature conservation.
PLoS one
10.1371/journal.pone.0052733
1932-6203
wos:2011-2013
e52733
WOS:000313429800019
von der Lippe, M (reprint author), Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford, Oxon, England., moritz.vdlippe@tu-berlin.de
German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); NERC [NE/B503141/1]
Moritz von der Lippe
James M. Bullock
Ingo Kowarik
Tatjana Knopp
Matthias Wichmann
Institut für Biochemie und Biologie
Referiert
Open Access
41343
2011
2011
eng
117
131
15
675
postprint
1
2019-03-07
2019-03-07
--
The germination niches of grassland species targeted for restoration
Restoration of semi-natural grassland communities
involves a combination of (1) sward disturbance to
create a temporal window for establishment, and (2)
target species introduction, the latter usually by seed
sowing. With great regularity, particular species
establish only poorly. More reliable establishment
could improve outcome of restoration projects and
increase cost-effectiveness. We investigated the
abiotic germination niche of ten poorly establishing
calcareous grassland species by simultaneously
exploring the effects of moisture and light availability
and temperature fluctuation on percentage germina-
tion and speed of germination. We also investigated
the effects of three different pre-treatments used to
enhance seed germination – cold-stratification, osmo-
tic priming and priming in combination with gibberellic
acid (GA 3 ) – and how these affected abiotic
germination niches. Species varied markedly in width
of abiotic germination niche, ranging from Carex flacca
with very strict abiotic requirements, to several species
reliably germinating across the whole range of abiotic
conditions. Our results suggest pronounced differ-
ences between species in gap requirements for
establishment. Germination was improved in most
species by at least one pre-treatment. Evidence for
positive effects of adding GA 3 to seed priming
solutions was limited. In several species, pre-treated
seeds germinated under a wider range of abiotic
conditions than untreated seeds. Improved knowledge
of species-specific germination niches and the effects
of seed pre-treatments may help to improve species
establishment by sowing, and to identify species for
which sowing at a later stage of restoration or
introduction as small plants may represent a more
viable strategy.
Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
effects of seed pre-treatments
urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413438
10.25932/publishup-41343
1866-8372
online registration
Seed Science Research 21 (2011) 2, pp. 117–131 DOI https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960258510000450
false
false
Keine öffentliche Lizenz: Unter Urheberrechtsschutz
Markus Wagner
Richard F. Pywell
Tatjana Knopp
James M. Bullock
Matthew S. Heard
Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
675
eng
uncontrolled
abiotic germination niche
eng
uncontrolled
calcareous grassland species
eng
uncontrolled
cold-stratification
eng
uncontrolled
osmotic seed priming
eng
uncontrolled
seed sowing
eng
uncontrolled
temperature fluctuation
Pflanzen (Botanik)
open_access
Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät
Referiert
Open Access
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Universität Potsdam
https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/files/41343/pmnr675.pdf
55886
2022
2022
eng
1
15
15
postprint
Universitätsverlag Potsdam
Potsdam
1
2022-08-15
2022-08-15
--
Fitness, risk taking, and spatial behavior covary with boldness in experimental vole populations
Individuals of a population may vary along a pace-of-life syndrome from highly fecund, short-lived, bold, dispersive “fast” types at one end of the spectrum to less fecund, long-lived, shy, plastic “slow” types at the other end. Risk-taking behavior might mediate the underlying life history trade-off, but empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis is still ambiguous. Using experimentally created populations of common voles (Microtus arvalis)—a species with distinct seasonal life history trajectories—we aimed to test whether individual differences in boldness behavior covary with risk taking, space use, and fitness. We quantified risk taking, space use (via automated tracking), survival, and reproductive success (via genetic parentage analysis) in 8 to 14 experimental, mixed-sex populations of 113 common voles of known boldness type in large grassland enclosures over a significant part of their adult life span and two reproductive events. Populations were assorted to contain extreme boldness types (bold or shy) of both sexes. Bolder individuals took more risks than shyer ones, which did not affect survival. Bolder males but not females produced more offspring than shy conspecifics. Daily home range and core area sizes, based on 95% and 50% Kernel density estimates (20 ± 10 per individual, n = 54 individuals), were highly repeatable over time. Individual space use unfolded differently for sex-boldness type combinations over the course of the experiment. While day ranges decreased for shy females, they increased for bold females and all males. Space use trajectories may, hence, indicate differences in coping styles when confronted with a novel social and physical environment. Thus, interindividual differences in boldness predict risk taking under near-natural conditions and have consequences for fitness in males, which have a higher reproductive potential than females. Given extreme inter- and intra-annual fluctuations in population density in the study species and its short life span, density-dependent fluctuating selection operating differently on the sexes might maintain (co)variation in boldness, risk taking, and pace-of-life.
Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
10.25932/publishup-55886
urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-558866
1866-8372
Version of record
<a href="http://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/opus4-ubp/frontdoor/index/index/docId/55885">Bibliographieeintrag der Originalveröffentlichung/Quelle</a>
Eccard, Jana A.
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Jana Eccard
Antje Herde
Andrea C. Schuster
Thilo Liesenjohann
Tatjana Knopp
Gerald Heckel
Melanie Dammhahn
Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
1258
eng
uncontrolled
animal personality
eng
uncontrolled
automated radio telemetry
eng
uncontrolled
behavioral type
eng
uncontrolled
fitness
eng
uncontrolled
home range
eng
uncontrolled
Microtus arvalis
eng
uncontrolled
parentage
eng
uncontrolled
reproductive success
Biowissenschaften; Biologie
open_access
Institut für Biochemie und Biologie
Referiert
Green Open-Access
Universität Potsdam
https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/files/55886/pmnr1258.pdf
55885
2022
2022
eng
1
15
15
article
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vereinigte Staaten
1
2022-02-09
2022-02-09
--
Fitness, risk taking, and spatial behavior covary with boldness in experimental vole populations
Individuals of a population may vary along a pace-of-life syndrome from highly fecund, short-lived, bold, dispersive “fast” types at one end of the spectrum to less fecund, long-lived, shy, plastic “slow” types at the other end. Risk-taking behavior might mediate the underlying life history trade-off, but empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis is still ambiguous. Using experimentally created populations of common voles (Microtus arvalis)—a species with distinct seasonal life history trajectories—we aimed to test whether individual differences in boldness behavior covary with risk taking, space use, and fitness. We quantified risk taking, space use (via automated tracking), survival, and reproductive success (via genetic parentage analysis) in 8 to 14 experimental, mixed-sex populations of 113 common voles of known boldness type in large grassland enclosures over a significant part of their adult life span and two reproductive events. Populations were assorted to contain extreme boldness types (bold or shy) of both sexes. Bolder individuals took more risks than shyer ones, which did not affect survival. Bolder males but not females produced more offspring than shy conspecifics. Daily home range and core area sizes, based on 95% and 50% Kernel density estimates (20 ± 10 per individual, n = 54 individuals), were highly repeatable over time. Individual space use unfolded differently for sex-boldness type combinations over the course of the experiment. While day ranges decreased for shy females, they increased for bold females and all males. Space use trajectories may, hence, indicate differences in coping styles when confronted with a novel social and physical environment. Thus, interindividual differences in boldness predict risk taking under near-natural conditions and have consequences for fitness in males, which have a higher reproductive potential than females. Given extreme inter- and intra-annual fluctuations in population density in the study species and its short life span, density-dependent fluctuating selection operating differently on the sexes might maintain (co)variation in boldness, risk taking, and pace-of-life.
Ecology And Evolution
10.1002/ece3.8521
2045-7758
<a href="https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-55886">Zweitveröffentlichung in der Schriftenreihe Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe ; 1258</a>
Eccard, Jana A.
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Jana Eccard
Antje Herde
Andrea C. Schuster
Thilo Liesenjohann
Tatjana Knopp
Gerald Heckel
Melanie Dammhahn
eng
uncontrolled
animal personality
eng
uncontrolled
automated radio telemetry
eng
uncontrolled
behavioral type
eng
uncontrolled
fitness
eng
uncontrolled
home range
eng
uncontrolled
Microtus arvalis
eng
uncontrolled
parentage
eng
uncontrolled
reproductive success
Biowissenschaften; Biologie
Institut für Biochemie und Biologie
Extern
Referiert
Publikationsfonds der Universität Potsdam
Gold Open-Access