5521
2006
eng
postprint
0
2011-12-13
--
--
Tracking the Mind During Reading: The Influence of Past, Present, and Future Words on Fixation Durations
Reading requires the orchestration of visual, attentional, language-related, and oculomotor processing constraints. This study replicates previous effects of frequency, predictability, and length of fixated words on fixation durations in natural reading and demonstrates new effects of these variables related to previous and next words. Results are based on fixation durations recorded from 222 persons, each reading 144 sentences. Such evidence for distributed processing of words across fixation durations challenges psycholinguistic immediacy-of-processing and eye-mind assumptions. Most of the time the mind processes several words in parallel at different perceptual and cognitive levels. Eye movements can help to unravel these processes.
urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57225
5722
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. - ISSN: 0096-3445. - 135 (2003), 1, S. 12 - 35
This is a preprint of an article whose final and definitive form was published in: <br/>
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General2006, Vol. 135, No. 1, 12–35<br/>
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.135.1.12">DOI: 10.1037/0096-3445.135.1.12</a><br/>
Copyright 2006 by the American Psychological Association.<br/>
This article may not exactly replicate the final version published in the APA journal. It is not the copy of record
Keine öffentliche Lizenz: Unter Urheberrechtsschutz
Reinhold Kliegl
Antje Nuthmann
Ralf Engbert
Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
paper 263
eng
uncontrolled
eye movements
eng
uncontrolled
fixation duration
eng
uncontrolled
gaze
eng
uncontrolled
word recognition
eng
uncontrolled
reading
Sprache
open_access
Department Psychologie
Institut für Psychologie
Universität Potsdam
https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/files/5521/phr_263_2011_12_13.pdf
8690
2015
eng
postprint
1
--
2015-09-24
--
The eye-voice span during reading aloud
Although eye movements during reading are modulated by cognitive processing demands, they also reflect visual sampling of the input, and possibly preparation of output for speech or the inner voice. By simultaneously recording eye movements and the voice during reading aloud, we obtained an output measure that constrains the length of time spent on cognitive processing. Here we investigate the dynamics of the eye-voice span (EVS), the distance between eye and voice. We show that the EVS is regulated immediately during fixation of a word by either increasing fixation duration or programming a regressive eye movement against the reading direction. EVS size at the beginning of a fixation was positively correlated with the likelihood of regressions and refixations. Regression probability was further increased if the EVS was still large at the end of a fixation: if adjustment of fixation duration did not sufficiently reduce the EVS during a fixation, then a regression rather than a refixation followed with high probability. We further show that the EVS can help understand cognitive influences on fixation duration during reading: in mixed model analyses, the EVS was a stronger predictor of fixation durations than either word frequency or word length. The EVS modulated the influence of several other predictors on single fixation durations (SFDs). For example, word-N frequency effects were larger with a large EVS, especially when word N-1 frequency was low. Finally, a comparison of SFDs during oral and silent reading showed that reading is governed by similar principles in both reading modes, although EVS maintenance and articulatory processing also cause some differences. In summary, the EVS is regulated by adjusting fixation duration and/or by programming a regressive eye movement when the EVS gets too large. Overall, the EVS appears to be directly related to updating of the working memory buffer during reading.
urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-86904
online registration
<a href="http://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/opus4-ubp/frontdoor/index/index/docId/8672">Bibliographieeintrag der Originalveröffentlichung/Quelle</a>
Frontiers in psychology (2015) 6:1432. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01432
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Jochen Laubrock
Reinhold Kliegl
Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
283
eng
uncontrolled
reading
eng
uncontrolled
eye movements
eng
uncontrolled
eye-voice span
eng
uncontrolled
synchronization
eng
uncontrolled
working memory updating
eng
uncontrolled
psycholinguistics
Psychologie
open_access
Referiert
Open Access
Department Psychologie
Universität Potsdam
https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/files/8690/phr283.pdf
38591
2015
2015
eng
19
6
article
Frontiers Research Foundation
Lausanne
1
--
--
--
The eye-voice span during reading aloud
Although eye movements during reading are modulated by cognitive processing demands, they also reflect visual sampling of the input, and possibly preparation of output for speech or the inner voice. By simultaneously recording eye movements and the voice during reading aloud, we obtained an output measure that constrains the length of time spent on cognitive processing. Here we investigate the dynamics of the eye-voice span (EVS), the distance between eye and voice. We show that the EVS is regulated immediately during fixation of a word by either increasing fixation duration or programming a regressive eye movement against the reading direction. EVS size at the beginning of a fixation was positively correlated with the likelihood of regressions and refixations. Regression probability was further increased if the EVS was still large at the end of a fixation: if adjustment of fixation duration did not sufficiently reduce the EVS during a fixation, then a regression rather than a refixation followed with high probability. We further show that the EVS can help understand cognitive influences on fixation duration during reading: in mixed model analyses, the EVS was a stronger predictor of fixation durations than either word frequency or word length. The EVS modulated the influence of several other predictors on single fixation durations (SFDs). For example, word-N frequency effects were larger with a large EVS, especially when word N-1 frequency was low. Finally, a comparison of SFDs during oral and silent reading showed that reading is governed by similar principles in both reading modes, although EVS maintenance and articulatory processing also cause some differences. In summary, the EVS is regulated by adjusting fixation duration and/or by programming a regressive eye movement when the EVS gets too large. Overall, the EVS appears to be directly related to updating of the working memory buffer during reading.
Frontiers in psychology
10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01437
26441800
1664-1078
wos:2015
1432
WOS:000362853700001
Laubrock, J (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Dept Psychol, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany., laubrock@uni-potsdam.de
ESF [05_ECRP-FP06]; DFG [KL 955/7-1]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft;
University of Potsdam
Jochen Laubrock
Reinhold Kliegl
eng
uncontrolled
reading
eng
uncontrolled
eye movements
eng
uncontrolled
eye-voice span
eng
uncontrolled
synchronization
eng
uncontrolled
working memory updating
eng
uncontrolled
psychologinguistics
Referiert
Open Access
Department Psychologie
Institut für Psychologie
8672
2015
2015
eng
1432
6
article
Frontiers Research Foundation
Lausanne
1
--
2015-09-24
--
The eye-voice span during reading aloud
Although eye movements during reading are modulated by cognitive processing demands, they also reflect visual sampling of the input, and possibly preparation of output for speech or the inner voice. By simultaneously recording eye movements and the voice during reading aloud, we obtained an output measure that constrains the length of time spent on cognitive processing. Here we investigate the dynamics of the eye-voice span (EVS), the distance between eye and voice. We show that the EVS is regulated immediately during fixation of a word by either increasing fixation duration or programming a regressive eye movement against the reading direction. EVS size at the beginning of a fixation was positively correlated with the likelihood of regressions and refixations. Regression probability was further increased if the EVS was still large at the end of a fixation: if adjustment of fixation duration did not sufficiently reduce the EVS during a fixation, then a regression rather than a refixation followed with high probability. We further show that the EVS can help understand cognitive influences on fixation duration during reading: in mixed model analyses, the EVS was a stronger predictor of fixation durations than either word frequency or word length. The EVS modulated the influence of several other predictors on single fixation durations (SFDs). For example, word-N frequency effects were larger with a large EVS, especially when word N-1 frequency was low. Finally, a comparison of SFDs during oral and silent reading showed that reading is governed by similar principles in both reading modes, although EVS maintenance and articulatory processing also cause some differences. In summary, the EVS is regulated by adjusting fixation duration and/or by programming a regressive eye movement when the EVS gets too large. Overall, the EVS appears to be directly related to updating of the working memory buffer during reading.
Frontiers in psychology
10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01432
1664-1078
Universität Potsdam, Publikationsfonds
PA 2015_25
1512.04
online registration
<a href="http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-86904">Zweitveröffentlichung in der Schriftenreihe Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe ; 283</a>
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Jochen Laubrock
Reinhold Kliegl
eng
uncontrolled
reading
eng
uncontrolled
eye movements
eng
uncontrolled
eye-voice span
eng
uncontrolled
synchronization
eng
uncontrolled
working memory updating
eng
uncontrolled
psychologinguistics
Psychologie
Referiert
Publikationsfonds der Universität Potsdam
Open Access
Department Psychologie
5519
2010
eng
postprint
0
2011-12-13
--
--
Semantic preview benefit in eye movements during reading: a parafoveal past-priming study
Eye movements in reading are sensitive to foveal and parafoveal word features. Whereas the influence of orthographic or phonological parafoveal information on gaze control is undisputed, there has been no reliable evidence for early parafoveal extraction of semantic information in alphabetic script. Using a novel combination of the gaze-contingent fast-priming and boundary paradigms, we demonstrate semantic preview benefit when a semantically related parafoveal word was available during the initial 125 ms of a fixation on the pre-target word (Experiments 1 and 2). When the target location was made more salient, significant parafoveal semantic priming occurred only at 80 ms (Experiment 3). Finally, with short primes only (20, 40, 60 ms) effects were not significant but numerically in the expected direction for 40 and 60 ms (Experiment 4). In all experiments, fixation durations on the target word increased with prime durations under all conditions. The evidence for extraction of semantic information from the parafoveal word favors an explanation in terms of parallel word processing in reading.
urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57203
5720
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. - ISSN 0278-7393. - 36 (2010), S. 1150-1170
This is a preprint version of:<br/>
Hohenstein, S., Laubrock, J., & Kliegl, R. (2010). Semantic preview benefit in eye movements during reading: A parafoveal fast-priming study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36, 1150-1170.<br/>
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020233">DOI:10.1037/a0020233</a>
Keine öffentliche Lizenz: Unter Urheberrechtsschutz
Sven Hohenstein
Jochen Laubrock
Reinhold Kliegl
Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
paper 261
eng
uncontrolled
eye movements
eng
uncontrolled
reading
eng
uncontrolled
parafoveal preview
eng
uncontrolled
semantic priming
Sprache
open_access
Department Psychologie
Institut für Psychologie
Universität Potsdam
https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/files/5519/phr_261_2011_12_13.pdf
38352
2014
2014
eng
166
190
25
1
40
article
American Psychological Association
Washington
1
--
--
--
Semantic preview benefit during reading
Word features in parafoveal vision influence eye movements during reading. The question of whether readers extract semantic information from parafoveal words was studied in 3 experiments by using a gaze-contingent display change technique. Subjects read German sentences containing 1 of several preview words that were replaced by a target word during the saccade to the preview (boundary paradigm). In the 1st experiment the preview word was semantically related or unrelated to the target. Fixation durations on the target were shorter for semantically related than unrelated previews, consistent with a semantic preview benefit. In the 2nd experiment, half the sentences were presented following the rules of German spelling (i.e., previews and targets were printed with an initial capital letter), and the other half were presented completely in lowercase. A semantic preview benefit was obtained under both conditions. In the 3rd experiment, we introduced 2 further preview conditions, an identical word and a pronounceable nonword, while also manipulating the text contrast. Whereas the contrast had negligible effects, fixation durations on the target were reliably different for all 4 types of preview. Semantic preview benefits were greater for pretarget fixations closer to the boundary (large preview space) and, although not as consistently, for long pretarget fixation durations (long preview time). The results constrain theoretical proposals about eye movement control in reading.
Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition
10.1037/a0033670
23895448
0278-7393
1939-1285
wos:2014
WOS:000329049600012
Hohenstein, S (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Dept Psychol, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany., sven.hohenstein@uni-potsdam.de
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft as part of Research Group 868 [KL 955/6]
Sven Hohenstein
Reinhold Kliegl
eng
uncontrolled
eye movements
eng
uncontrolled
reading
eng
uncontrolled
semantic preview benefit
eng
uncontrolled
parafoveal processing
eng
uncontrolled
display change awareness
Referiert
Department Psychologie
Institut für Psychologie
5516
2007
eng
postprint
0
2011-12-13
--
--
Preview Benefit and Parafoveal-on-Foveal Effects from Word N+2
Using the gaze-contingent boundary paradigm with the boundary placed after word n, we manipulated preview of word n+2 for fixations on word n. There was no preview benefit for first-pass reading on word n+2, replicating the results of Rayner, Juhasz, and Brown (2007), but there was a preview benefit on the three-letter word n+1, that is, after the boundary, but before word n+2. Additionally, both word n+1 and word n+2 exhibited parafoveal-on-foveal effects on word n. Thus, during a fixation on word n and given a short word n+1, some information is extracted from word n+2, supporting the hypothesis of distributed processing in the perceptual span.
urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57186
5718
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. - ISSN 0096-1523. - 33 (2007), 5 , S. 1250-1255
This is a preprint of an article whose final and definitive form was published in: <br/>
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2007, Vol. 33, No. 5, 1250–1255.<br/>
Copyright 2007 by the <a href="http://www.apa.org/">American Psychological Association</a><br/>
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.33.5.1250">DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.33.5.1250</a><br/>
This article may not exactly replicate the final version published in the APA journal. It is not the copy of record
Keine öffentliche Lizenz: Unter Urheberrechtsschutz
Reinhold Kliegl
Sarah Risse
Jochen Laubrock
Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
paper 257
eng
uncontrolled
eye movements
eng
uncontrolled
reading
eng
uncontrolled
preview benefit
eng
uncontrolled
parafoveal-on-foveal effects
Sprache
open_access
Department Psychologie
Institut für Psychologie
Universität Potsdam
https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/files/5516/phr_257_2011_12_13.pdf
35797
2012
2012
eng
1069
1075
7
4
38
article
American Psychological Association
Washington
1
--
--
--
Lexical and sublexical semantic preview benefits in chinese reading
Semantic processing from parafoveal words is an elusive phenomenon in alphabetic languages, but it has been demonstrated only for a restricted set of noncompound Chinese characters. Using the gaze-contingent boundary paradigm, this experiment examined whether parafoveal lexical and sublexical semantic information was extracted from compound preview characters. Results generalized parafoveal semantic processing to this representative set of Chinese characters and extended the parafoveal processing to radical (sublexical) level semantic information extraction. Implications for notions of parafoveal information extraction during Chinese reading are discussed.
Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition
10.1037/a0026935
0278-7393
wos:2011-2013
WOS:000305717100017
Yan, M (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Dept Psychol, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany., mingyan@uni-potsdam.de
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [KL 955/18]; State Key Laboratory of
Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning of the People's Republic of China
Ming Yan
Wei Zhou
Hua Shu
Reinhold Kliegl
eng
uncontrolled
semantic
eng
uncontrolled
preview benefit
eng
uncontrolled
reading
eng
uncontrolled
Chinese
Referiert
Department Psychologie
Institut für Psychologie
38245
2014
2014
eng
260
273
14
3
29
article
Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
Abingdon
1
--
--
--
Eye movements during reading proverbs and regular sentences: the incoming word predictability effect
Language, cognition and neuroscience
10.1080/01690965.2012.760745
2327-3798
2327-3801
wos:2014
WOS:000340045000002
Fernandez, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Sur, Inst Invest Ingn Elect, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina., gerardo.fernandez@uns.edu.ar
Argentine National Research Council (CONICET); ANPCYT [PICT 2010 1421]
Gerardo Fernandez
Diego E. Shalom
Reinhold Kliegl
Mariano Sigman
eng
uncontrolled
eye movements
eng
uncontrolled
reading
eng
uncontrolled
proverbs
eng
uncontrolled
incoming word predictability effect
Referiert
Department Psychologie
Institut für Psychologie
47960
2019
2019
eng
2275
2285
11
11
55
article
American Psychological Association
Washington
1
--
2019-06-07
--
Eye Movement Control in Chinese Reading: A Cross-Sectional Study
The present study explored the age-related changes of eye movement control in reading-that is, where to send the eyes and when to move them. Different orthographies present readers with somewhat different problems to solve, and this might, in turn, be reflected in different patterns of development of reading skill. Participants of different developmental levels (Grade 3, N = 30; Grade 5, N = 27 and adults, N = 27) were instructed to read sentences for comprehension while their eye movements were recorded. Contrary to previous findings that have been well documented indicating early maturation of saccade generation in English, current results showed that saccade generation among Chinese readers was still under development at Grade 5, although immediate lexical processing was relatively well-established. The distinct age-related changes in eye movements are attributable to certain linguistic properties of Chinese including the lack of interword spaces and word boundary uncertainty. The present study offers an example of how human eye movement adapts to the orthographic environment.
Developmental psychology
10.1037/dev0000819
31535894
0012-1649
1939-0599
wos:2019
WOS:000492783100003
Pan, J (reprint author), Educ Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychol, Tai Po, 10 Lo Ping Rd, Hong Kong, Peoples R China., jpan@eduhk.hk
Deutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftGerman Research Foundation (DFG) [KL 955/18]; Promoting Psychological Research in Community Grant of the Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong; Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong
importub
2020-10-20T16:22:27+00:00
filename=package.tar
ef8fe35a0a06386234c467ce27c56e6e
false
true
Ming Yan
Jinger Pan
Reinhold Kliegl
eng
uncontrolled
Chinese
eng
uncontrolled
eye movement
eng
uncontrolled
reading
eng
uncontrolled
development
Psychologie
Referiert
Department Psychologie
Import
37244
2011
2011
deu
10
20
11
1
62
article
Hogrefe
Göttingen
1
--
--
--
dlexDB - A lexical database for the psychological and linguistic research
The lexical database dlexDB supplies in form of an online database frequency-based norms of numerous process-related word properties for psychological and linguistic research. These values include well known variables such as printed frequency of word form and lemma as documented also in CELEX (Baayen, Piepenbrock und Gulikers, 1995). In addition, we compute new values like frequencies based on syllables, and morphemes as well as frequencies of character chains, and multiple word combinations. The statistics are based on the Kernkorpus des Digitalen Wrterbuchs der deutschen Sprache (DWDS) with over 100 million running words. We illustrate the validity of these norms with new results about fixation durations in sentence reading.
Psychologische Rundschau : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie
10.1026/0033-3042/a000029
0033-3042
2190-6238
wos:2011-2013
WOS:000286458800002
Kliegl, R (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Dept Psychol, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14465 Potsdam Golm, Germany., kliegl@uni-potsdam.de
Julian Heister
Kay-Michael Würzner
Johannes Bubenzer
Edmund Pohl
Thomas Hanneforth
Alexander Geyken
Reinhold Kliegl
eng
uncontrolled
corpus linguistics
eng
uncontrolled
lexical database
eng
uncontrolled
dlex
eng
uncontrolled
dlexDB
eng
uncontrolled
CELEX
eng
uncontrolled
eve movement
eng
uncontrolled
reading
eng
uncontrolled
parafovea
Referiert
Department Psychologie
Institut für Psychologie
54695
2018
2018
eng
241
249
9
1
71
article
Sage Publ.
London
1
2018-01-01
2018-01-01
--
Contextual constraint and preview time modulate the semantic preview effect
Word recognition in sentence reading is influenced by information from both preview and context. Recently, semantic preview effect (SPE) was observed being modulated by the constraint of context, indicating that context might accelerate the processing of semantically related preview words. Besides, SPE was found to depend on preview time, which suggests that SPE may change with different processing stages of preview words. Therefore, it raises the question of whether preview time-dependent SPE would be modulated by contextual constraint. In this study, we not only investigated the impact of contextual constraint on SPE in Chinese reading but also examined its dependency on preview time. The preview word and the target word were identical, semantically related or unrelated to the target word. The results showed a significant three-way interaction: The SPE depended on contextual constraint and preview time. In separate analyses for low and high contextual constraint of target words, the SPE significantly decreased with an increase in preview duration when the target word was of low constraint in the sentence. The effect was numerically in the same direction but weaker and statistically nonsignificant when the target word was highly constrained in the sentence. The results indicate that word processing in sentences is a dynamic process of integrating information from both preview (bottom-up) and context (top-down).
The quarterly journal of experimental psychology
evidence from Chinese sentence reading
10.1080/17470218.2017.1310914
28332924
1747-0218
1747-0226
wos:2018
WOS:000419067800027
Wang, SP (reprint author), South China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, Peoples R China., wangsuiping@m.scnu.edu.cn
National Social Science Foundation of China [15AZD048]; National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province [2014A030311016]; Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China [31700992]
2022-04-07T06:41:44+00:00
sword
importub
filename=package.tar
870bf5e3f7b8af6f6e29def7cdfd585a
Wang, Suiping
false
true
Nan Li
Suiping Wang
Luxi Mo
Reinhold Kliegl
eng
uncontrolled
Semantic preview benefit
eng
uncontrolled
contextual constraint
eng
uncontrolled
word process
eng
uncontrolled
reading
Psychologie
Referiert
Department Psychologie
Import
Bronze Open-Access
35112
2013
2013
eng
S51
S63
13
2
36
article
Wiley-Blackwell
Hoboken
1
--
--
--
A validation of parafoveal semantic information extraction in reading Chinese
Parafoveal semantic processing has recently been well documented in reading Chinese sentences, presumably because of language-specific features. However, because of a large variation of fixation landing positions on pretarget words, some preview words actually were located in foveal vision when readers' eyes landed close to the end of the pretarget words. None of the previous studies has completely ruled out a possibility that the semantic preview effects might mainly arise from these foveally processed preview words. This case, whether previously observed positive evidence for parafoveal semantic processing can still hold, has been called into question. Using linear mixed models, we demonstrate in this study that semantic preview benefit from word N+1 decreased if fixation on pretarget word N was close to the preview. We argue that parafoveal semantic processing is not a consequence of foveally processed preview words.
Journal of research in reading : a journal of the United Kingdom Reading Association
10.1111/j.1467-9817.2013.01556.x
0141-0423
wos:2011-2013
WOS:000317603800005
Yan, M (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Dept Psychol, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany., mingyan@uni-potsdam.de
Wei Zhou
Reinhold Kliegl
Ming Yan
eng
uncontrolled
semantic
eng
uncontrolled
preview benefit
eng
uncontrolled
reading
eng
uncontrolled
Chinese
Referiert
Department Psychologie
Institut für Psychologie