50858
2019
2019
eng
962
979
18
2
10
article
Wiley
Hoboken
1
2019-12-30
2019-12-30
--
Vegetation state changes in the course of shrub encroachment in an African savanna since about 1850 CE and their potential drivers
Shrub encroachment has far-reaching ecological and economic consequences in many ecosystems worldwide. Yet, compositional changes associated with shrub encroachment are often overlooked despite having important effects on ecosystem functioning. We document the compositional change and potential drivers for a northern Namibian Combretum woodland transitioning into a Terminalia shrubland. We use a multiproxy record (pollen, sedimentary ancient DNA, biomarkers, compound-specific carbon (delta C-13) and deuterium (delta D) isotopes, bulk carbon isotopes (delta(13)Corg), grain size, geochemical properties) from Lake Otjikoto at high taxonomical and temporal resolution. We provide evidence that state changes in semiarid environments may occur on a scale of one century and that transitions between stable states can span around 80 years and are characterized by a unique vegetation composition. We demonstrate that the current grass/woody ratio is exceptional for the last 170 years, as supported by n-alkane distributions and the delta C-13 and delta(13)Corg records. Comparing vegetation records to environmental proxy data and census data, we infer a complex network of global and local drivers of vegetation change. While our delta D record suggests physiological adaptations of woody species to higher atmospheric pCO(2) concentration and drought, our vegetation records reflect the impact of broad-scale logging for the mining industry, and the macrocharcoal record suggests a decrease in fire activity associated with the intensification of farming. Impact of selective grazing is reflected by changes in abundance and taxonomical composition of grasses and by an increase of nonpalatable and trampling-resistant taxa. In addition, grain-size and spore records suggest changes in the erodibility of soils because of reduced grass cover. Synthesis. We conclude that transitions to an encroached savanna state are supported by gradual environmental changes induced by management strategies, which affected the resilience of savanna ecosystems. In addition, feedback mechanisms that reflect the interplay between management legacies and climate change maintain the encroached state.
Ecology and evolution
10.1002/ece3.5955
32015858
2045-7758
wos:2020
WOS:000504832300001
Tabares, X; Herzschuh, U (reprint author), Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Telegrafenberg A45, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany., xtabares@uni-potsdam.de; uherzschuh@awi.de
Bundesministerium fur Bildung und ForschungFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) [FKZ:01LL1302A]; Ministry of Education [01LL1302A]; Helmholtz AssociationHelmholtz Association
2021-06-01T07:19:25+00:00
sword
importub
filename=package.tar
1de82e99adcc68c196e4ad396935c883
Tabares Jimenez, Ximena del Carmen; Herzschuh, Ulrike
false
true
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Ximena del Carmen Tabares Jimenez
Heike Hildegard Zimmermann
Elisabeth Dietze
Gregor Ratzmann
Lukas Belz
Andrea Vieth-Hillebrand
Lydie Dupont
Heinz Wilkes
Benjamin Mapani
Ulrike Herzschuh
eng
uncontrolled
climate change
eng
uncontrolled
fossil pollen
eng
uncontrolled
land-use change
eng
uncontrolled
savanna ecology
eng
uncontrolled
sedimentary ancient DNA
eng
uncontrolled
state and transition
eng
uncontrolled
tree-grass interactions
Biowissenschaften; Biologie
Institut für Biochemie und Biologie
Referiert
Import
Gold Open-Access
DOAJ gelistet
50695
2019
2019
eng
87
115
29
2
9
article
Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
Abingdon
1
--
--
--
Signals for 2 degrees C
The targets of the Paris Agreement make it necessary to redirect finance flows towards sustainable, low-carbon infrastructures and technologies. Currently, the potential of institutional investors to help finance this transition is widely discussed. Thus, this paper takes a closer look at influence factors for green investment decisions of large European insurance companies. With a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, the importance of policy, market and civil society signals is evaluated. In summary, respondents favor measures that promote green investment, such as feed-in tariffs or adjustments of capital charges for green assets, over ones that make carbon-intensive investments less attractive, such as the phase-out of fossil fuel subsidies or a carbon price. While investors currently see a low impact of the carbon price, they rank a substantial reform as an important signal for the future. Respondents also emphasize that policy signals have to be coherent and credible to coordinate expectations.
Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment
the influence of policies, market factors and civil society actions on investment decisions for green infrastructure
10.1080/20430795.2018.1528809
2043-0795
2043-0809
wos:2019
WOS:000471963900001
Mielke, J (reprint author), GCF, Green Growth Res Proc, Neue Promenade 6, D-10178 Berlin, Germany.; Mielke, J (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Fac Econ & Social Sci, Neuen Palais 10, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany., jahel.mielke@globalclimateforum.org
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies [DOLFINS project] [640772]
2021-05-12T12:27:48+00:00
sword
importub
filename=package.tar
3406c3ea374c024894358905f6b5ec7a
false
true
CC-BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung, nicht kommerziell, keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International
Jahel Mielke
eng
uncontrolled
Green infrastructure investment
eng
uncontrolled
policy signals
eng
uncontrolled
green finance
eng
uncontrolled
climate change
eng
uncontrolled
institutional investors
Politikwissenschaft
Import
Fachgruppe Politik- & Verwaltungswissenschaft
50092
2019
2018
eng
54
77
24
1
28
article
Sage Publ.
Thousand Oaks
1
--
2018-12-26
--
The Embeddedness of Urban Climate Politics in Multilevel Governance
Numerous scholars have lately highlighted the importance of cities in the global response to climate change. However, we still have little systematic knowledge on the evolution of urban climate politics in the Global South. In particular, we lack empirical studies that examine how local climate actions arise in political-administrative systems of developing and emerging economies. Therefore, this article adopts a multilevel governance perspective to explore the climate mitigation responses of three major cities in South Africa by looking at their vertical and horizontal integration in the wider governance framework. In the absence of a coherent national climate policy, Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Durban have developed distinct climate actions within their jurisdictions. In their effort to address climate change, transnational city networks have provided considerable technical support to these cities. Yet, substantial domestic political-economic obstacles hinder the three cities to develop a more ambitious stance on climate change.
The journal of environment & development : a review of international policy
a Case Study of South Africa’s Major Cities
10.1177/1070496518819121
1070-4965
1552-5465
wos:2019
WOS:000458765200003
Hickmann, T (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Fac Econ & Social Sci, August Bebel Str 89, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany., hickmann@uni-potsdam.de
German Research Foundation (DFG)German Research Foundation (DFG) [FU 274/11-1, 270088441]
2021-03-26T10:51:20+00:00
sword
importub
filename=package.tar
4a16aa30d02c7784013d665907784022
Hickmann, Thomas
Thomas Hickmann
Fee Stehle
eng
uncontrolled
climate change
eng
uncontrolled
developing and emerging economies
eng
uncontrolled
local climate policy making
eng
uncontrolled
multilevel governance
eng
uncontrolled
South Africa
eng
uncontrolled
transnational city networks
Sozialwissenschaften
Referiert
Import
Fachgruppe Politik- & Verwaltungswissenschaft
49673
2019
2019
eng
8
3
10
article
Wiley
Hoboken
1
2019-04-05
2019-01-03
--
Promises and risks of nonstate action in climate and sustainability governance
Wiley interdisciplinary reviews : Climate change
10.1002/wcc.572
1757-7780
1757-7799
wos:2019
e572
WOS:000466382600001
Chan, S (reprint author), Deutsch Inst Entwicklungspolit, Environm Governance, Bonn, Germany., sander.chan@die-gdi.de
German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)
2021-02-26T11:00:14+00:00
sword
importub
filename=package.tar
8b97c5576b89d3dded7f9747e2e1de92
false
true
CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Sander Chan
Idil Boran
Harro van Asselt
Gabriela Iacobuta
Navam Niles
Katharine Rietig
Michelle Scobie
Jennifer S. Bansard
Deborah Delgado Pugley
Laurence L. Delina
Friederike Eichhorn
Paula Ellinger
Okechukwu Enechi
Thomas Hale
Lukas Hermwille
Thomas Hickmann
Matthias Honegger
Andrea Hurtado Epstein
Stephanie La Hoz Theuer
Robert Mizo
Yixian Sun
Patrick Toussaint
Geoffrey Wambugu
eng
uncontrolled
climate change
eng
uncontrolled
governance
eng
uncontrolled
nonstate actions
eng
uncontrolled
SDGs
eng
uncontrolled
sustainable development
Sozialwissenschaften
Wirtschaftswissenschaften
Referiert
Import
Hybrid Open-Access
48948
2019
2019
eng
1918
1930
13
4
107
article
Wiley
Hoboken
1
2019-06-27
2019-01-19
--
Compensatory mechanisms to climate change in the widely distributed species Silene vulgaris
The adaptation of plants to future climatic conditions is crucial for their survival. Not surprisingly, phenotypic responses to climate change have already been observed in many plant populations. These responses may be due to evolutionary adaptive changes or phenotypic plasticity. Especially plant species with a wide geographic range are either expected to show genetic differentiation in response to differing climate conditions or to have a high phenotypic plasticity. We investigated phenotypic responses and plasticity as an estimate of the adaptive potential in the widespread species Silene vulgaris. In a greenhouse experiment, 25 European populations covering a geographic range from the Canary Islands to Sweden were exposed to three experimental precipitation and two temperature regimes mimicking a possible climate-change scenario for central Europe. We hypothesized that southern populations have a better performance under high temperature and drought conditions, as they are already adapted to a comparable environment. We found that our treatments significantly influenced the plants, but did not reveal a latitudinal difference in response to climate treatments for most plant traits. Only flower number showed a stronger plasticity in northern European populations (e.g. Swedish populations) where numbers decreased more drastically with increased temperature and decreased precipitation treatment. Synthesis. The significant treatment response in Silene vulgaris, independent of population origin - except for the number of flowers produced - suggests a high degree of universal phenotypic plasticity in this widely distributed species. This reflects the likely adaptation strategy of the species and forms the basis for a successful survival strategy during upcoming climatic changes. However, as flower number, a strongly fitness-related trait, decreased more strongly in northern populations under a climate-change scenario, there might be limits to adaptation even in this widespread, plastic species.
The journal of ecology
10.1111/1365-2745.13133
0022-0477
1365-2745
wos:2019
WOS:000473096200030
Kahl, SM (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Biochem & Biol, Biodivers Research Systemat Bot, Potsdam, Germany.; Kahl, SM (reprint author), Berlin Brandenburg Inst Adv Biodivers Res BBIB, Berlin, Germany., sandra.kahl@uni-potsdam.de
University of Potsdam
2021-01-18T10:37:38+00:00
sword
importub
filename=package.tar
000cb7c0076ebd5db0933fa49e668192
Kahl, Sandra M.
false
true
Sandra M. Kahl
Michael Lenhard
Jasmin Radha Joshi
eng
uncontrolled
climate change
eng
uncontrolled
global change ecology
eng
uncontrolled
latitudinal gradient
eng
uncontrolled
local adaptation
eng
uncontrolled
phenotypic plasticity
eng
uncontrolled
plant performance
eng
uncontrolled
temperature increase
Biowissenschaften; Biologie
Institut für Biochemie und Biologie
Referiert
Import
48216
2019
2019
eng
17
9
10
article
Wiley
Hoboken
1
2019-09-18
2019-09-18
--
Functional traits determine the different effects of prey, predators, and climatic extremes on desert reptiles
Terrestrial reptiles are particularly vulnerable to climate change. Their highest density and diversity can be found in hot drylands, ecosystems which demonstrate extreme climatic conditions. However, reptiles are not isolated systems but part of a large species assemblage with many trophic dependencies. While direct relations among climatic conditions, invertebrates, vegetation, or reptiles have already been explored, to our knowledge, species’ responses to direct and indirect pathways of multiple climatic and biotic factors and their interactions have rarely been examined comprehensively. We investigated direct and indirect effects of climatic and biotic parameters on the individual (body condition) and population level (occupancy) of eight abundant lizard species with different functional traits in an arid Australian lizard community using a 30‐yr multi‐trophic monitoring study. We used structural equation modeling to disentangle single and interactive effects. We then assessed whether species could be grouped into functional groups according to their functional traits and their responses to different parameters. We found that lizard species differed strongly in how they responded to climatic and biotic factors. However, the factors to which they responded seemed to be determined by their functional traits. While responses on body condition were determined by habitat, activity time, and prey, responses on occupancy were determined by habitat specialization, body size, and longevity. Our findings highlight the importance of indirect pathways through climatic and biotic interactions, which should be included into predictive models to increase accuracy when predicting species’ responses to climate change. Since one might never obtain all mechanistic pathways at the species level, we propose an approach of identifying relevant species traits that help grouping species into functional groups at different ecological levels, which could then be used for predictive modeling.
Ecosphere : the magazine of the International Ecology University
10.1002/ecs2.2865
2150-8925
wos:2019
e02865
WOS:000490766500016
Grimm-Seyfarth, A (reprint author), UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Conservat Biol, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.; Grimm-Seyfarth, A (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Plant Ecol & Nat Conservat, Muhlenberg 3, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany., annegret.grimm@ufz.de
German National Academic Foundation; German Research Foundation (DFG)German Research Foundation (DFG)
importub
2020-11-11T16:58:09+00:00
filename=package.tar
d3be3831a9e258b6c14583f9a7269cf6
false
true
Annegret Grimm-Seyfarth
Jean-Baptiste Mihoub
Klaus Henle
eng
uncontrolled
Australia
eng
uncontrolled
climate change
eng
uncontrolled
Gekkonidae
eng
uncontrolled
periodic flooding
eng
uncontrolled
Scincidae
eng
uncontrolled
species functional traits
eng
uncontrolled
species interactions
eng
uncontrolled
structural equation modeling
Biowissenschaften; Biologie
Institut für Biochemie und Biologie
Referiert
Open Access
Import
Gold Open-Access
DOAJ gelistet
47906
2019
2019
eng
19
11
11
article
MDPI
Basel
1
--
2019-11-13
--
Climate Change Impact Assessment on Freshwater Inflow into the Small Aral Sea
During the last few decades, the rapid separation of the Small Aral Sea from the isolated basin has changed its hydrological and ecological conditions tremendously. In the present study, we developed and validated the hybrid model for the Syr Darya River basin based on a combination of state-of-the-art hydrological and machine learning models. Climate change impact on freshwater inflow into the Small Aral Sea for the projection period 2007-2099 has been quantified based on the developed hybrid model and bias corrected and downscaled meteorological projections simulated by four General Circulation Models (GCM) for each of three Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios (RCP). The developed hybrid model reliably simulates freshwater inflow for the historical period with a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.72 and a Kling-Gupta efficiency of 0.77. Results of the climate change impact assessment showed that the freshwater inflow projections produced by different GCMs are misleading by providing contradictory results for the projection period. However, we identified that the relative runoff changes are expected to be more pronounced in the case of more aggressive RCP scenarios. The simulated projections of freshwater inflow provide a basis for further assessment of climate change impacts on hydrological and ecological conditions of the Small Aral Sea in the 21st Century.
Water
10.3390/w11112377
2073-4441
wos:2019
2377
WOS:000502264500179
Ayzel, G (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Environm Sci & Geog, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.; Ayzel, G (reprint author), State Hydrol Inst, St Petersburg 199004, Russia.; Ayzel, G (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Water Problems Inst, Moscow 119333, Russia., ayzel@uni-potsdam.de; izh@ocean.ru
Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [17-05-01175]; RFBRRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [19-35-60005]; Russian Science FoundationRussian Science Foundation (RSF) [16-17-10039]; Ministry of Science and Education of Russia [0149-2019-0003]
importub
2020-10-11T10:06:35+00:00
filename=package.tar
4c1a728050bd71d812d5ceea6499fa98
false
true
Georgy Ayzel
Alexander Izhitskiy
eng
uncontrolled
Small Aral Sea
eng
uncontrolled
hydrology
eng
uncontrolled
climate change
eng
uncontrolled
modeling
eng
uncontrolled
machine learning
Geowissenschaften
Referiert
Open Access
Institut für Umweltwissenschaften und Geographie
Import
Gold Open-Access
DOAJ gelistet
47738
2019
2019
eng
909
925
17
4
128
article
Oxford Univ. Press
Oxford
1
2019-11-02
--
--
Ecotypic differentiation, hybridization and clonality facilitate the persistence of a cold-adapted sedge in European bogs
Recent research has shown that many cold-adapted species survived the last glacial maximum (LGM) in northern refugia. Whether this evolutionary history has had consequences for their genetic diversity and adaptive potential remains unknown. We sampled 14 populations of Carex limosa, a sedge specialized to bog ecosystems, along a latitudinal gradient from its Scandinavian core to the southern lowland range-margin in Germany. Using microsatellite and experimental common-garden data, we evaluated the impacts of global climate change along this gradient and assessed the conservation status of the southern marginal populations. Microsatellite data revealed two highly distinct genetic groups and hybrid individuals. In our common-garden experiment, the two groups showed divergent responses to increased nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) availability, suggesting ecotypic differentiation. Each group formed genetically uniform populations at both northern and southern sampling areas. Mixed populations occurred throughout our sampling area, an area that was entirely glaciated during the LGM. The fragmented distribution implies allopatric divergence at geographically separated refugia that putatively differed in N/P availability. Molecular data and an observed low hybrid fecundity indicate the importance of clonal reproduction for hybrid populations. At the southern range-margin, however, all populations showed effects of clonality, lowered fecundity and low competitiveness, suggesting abiotic and biotic constraints to population persistence.
Biological journal of the Linnean Society : a journal of evolution
10.1093/biolinnean/blz141
0024-4066
1095-8312
wos:2019
WOS:000503442600011
Schwarzer, C (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Biodivers Res Systemat Bot, Maulbeerallee 1, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany.; Schwarzer, C (reprint author), Berlin Brandenburg Inst Adv Biodivers Res BBIB, Altensteinstr 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany., christian.schwarzer@uni-potsdam.de
Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kultur Brandenburg; University of Potsdam
importub
2020-09-27T19:02:57+00:00
filename=package.tar
765a3e329a53aa07a48cf19508459bd8
false
true
Christian Schwarzer
Jasmin Radha Joshi
eng
uncontrolled
biogeography
eng
uncontrolled
bog/mire plants
eng
uncontrolled
Carex limosa
eng
uncontrolled
climate change
eng
uncontrolled
glacial divergence
eng
uncontrolled
global change
eng
uncontrolled
leading/trailing edge
eng
uncontrolled
population differentiation
eng
uncontrolled
sexual/asexual reproduction
Biowissenschaften; Biologie
Institut für Biochemie und Biologie
Referiert
Import
42480
2019
2019
eng
11
1
6
article
Wiley-Blackwell
Hoboken
1
2019-01-30
2019-01-30
--
The politics of zoom
Following the mandate in the Paris Agreement for signatories to provide “climate services” to their constituents, “downscaled” climate visualizations are proliferating. But the process of downscaling climate visualizations does not neutralize the political problems with their synoptic global sources—namely, their failure to empower communities to take action and their replication of neoliberal paradigms of globalization. In this study we examine these problems as they apply to interactive climate‐visualization platforms, which allow their users to localize global climate information to support local political action. By scrutinizing the political implications of the “zoom” tool from the perspective of media studies and rhetoric, we add to perspectives of cultural cartography on the issue of scaling from our fields. Namely, we break down the cinematic trope of “zooming” to reveal how it imports the political problems of synopticism to the level of individual communities. As a potential antidote to the politics of zoom, we recommend a downscaling strategy of connectivity, which associates rather than reduces situated views of climate to global ones.
Geo: Geography and Environment
Problems with downscaling climate visualizations
10.1002/geo2.70
2054-4049
e00070
Universität Potsdam
PA 2019_11
1761.20
<a href="http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-424819">Zweitveröffentlichung in der Schriftenreihe Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe ; 159</a>
CC-BY-NC - Namensnennung, nicht kommerziell 4.0 International
Birgit Schneider
Lynda Walsh
eng
uncontrolled
climate change
eng
uncontrolled
climate services
eng
uncontrolled
climate visualization
eng
uncontrolled
connectivity
eng
uncontrolled
downscaling
eng
uncontrolled
spherical
eng
uncontrolled
synopticism
eng
uncontrolled
zoom
Geowissenschaften
open_access
Institut für Künste und Medien
Referiert
Publikationsfonds der Universität Potsdam
Open Access