Dokument-ID Dokumenttyp Verfasser/Autoren Herausgeber Haupttitel Abstract Auflage Verlagsort Verlag Erscheinungsjahr Seitenzahl Schriftenreihe Titel Schriftenreihe Bandzahl ISBN Quelle der Hochschulschrift Konferenzname Quelle:Titel Quelle:Jahrgang Quelle:Heftnummer Quelle:Erste Seite Quelle:Letzte Seite URN DOI Abteilungen OPUS4-47619 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Witzel, Katja; Abu Risha, Marua; Albers, Philip; Börnke, Frederik; Hanschen, Franziska S. Identification and Characterization of Three Epithiospecifier Protein Isoforms in Brassica oleracea Glucosinolates present in Brassicaceae play a major role in herbivory defense. Upon tissue disruption, glucosinolates come into contact with myrosinase, which initiates their breakdown to biologically active compounds. Among these, the formation of epithionitriles is triggered by the presence of epithiospecifier protein (ESP) and a terminal double bond in the glucosinolate side chain. One ESP gene is characterized in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (AtESP; At1g54040.2). However, Brassica species underwent genome triplication since their divergence from the Arabidopsis lineage. This indicates the presence of multiple ESP isoforms in Brassica crops that are currently poorly characterized. We identified three B. oleracea ESPs, specifically BoESP1 (LOC106296341), BoESP2 (LOC106306810), and BoESP3 (LOC106325105) based on in silico genome analysis. Transcript and protein abundance were assessed in shoots and roots of four B. oleracea vegetables, namely broccoli, kohlrabi, white, and red cabbage, because these genotypes showed a differential pattern for the formation of glucosinolate hydrolysis products as well for their ESP activity. BoESP1 and BoESP2 were expressed mainly in shoots, while BoESP3 was abundant in roots. Biochemical characterization of heterologous expressed BoESP isoforms revealed different substrate specificities towards seven glucosinolates: all isoforms showed epithiospecifier activity on alkenyl glucosinolates, but not on non-alkenyl glucosinolates. The pH-value differently affected BoESP activity: while BoESP1 and BoESP2 activities were optimal at pH 6-7, BoESP3 activity remained relatively stable from pH 4 to 7. In order test their potential for the in vivo modification of glucosinolate breakdown, the three isoforms were expressed in A. thaliana Hi-0, which lacks AtESP expression, and analyzed for the effect on their respective hydrolysis products. The BoESPs altered the hydrolysis of allyl glucosinolate in the A. thaliana transformants to release 1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane and reduced formation of the corresponding 3-butenenitrile and allyl isothiocyanate. Plants expressing BoESP2 showed the highest percentage of released epithionitriles. Given these results, we propose a model for isoform-specific roles of B. oleracea ESPs in glucosinolate breakdown. Lausanne Frontiers Research Foundation 2019 14 Frontiers in plant science 10 10.3389/fpls.2019.01552 Institut für Biochemie und Biologie OPUS4-47623 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Lonsdorf, Tina B.; Klingelhöfer-Jens, Maren; Andreatta, Marta; Beckers, Tom; Chalkia, Anastasia; Gerlicher, Anna; Jentsch, Valerie L.; Drexler, Shira Meir; Mertens, Gaetan; Richter, Jan; Sjouwerman, Rachel; Wendt, Julia; Merz, Christian J. Navigating the garden of forking paths for data exclusions in fear conditioning research In this report, we illustrate the considerable impact of researcher degrees of freedom with respect to exclusion of participants in paradigms with a learning element. We illustrate this empirically through case examples from human fear conditioning research, in which the exclusion of 'non-learners' and 'non-responders' is common - despite a lack of consensus on how to define these groups. We illustrate the substantial heterogeneity in exclusion criteria identified in a systematic literature search and highlight the potential problems and pitfalls of different definitions through case examples based on re-analyses of existing data sets. On the basis of these studies, we propose a consensus on evidence-based rather than idiosyncratic criteria, including clear guidelines on reporting details. Taken together, we illustrate how flexibility in data collection and analysis can be avoided, which will benefit the robustness and replicability of research findings and can be expected to be applicable to other fields of research that involve a learning element. Cambridge eLife Sciences Publications 2019 36 eLife 8 10.7554/eLife.52465 Department Psychologie OPUS4-47624 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Lonsdorf, Tina B.; Klingelhöfer-Jens, Maren; Andreatta, Marta; Beckers, Tom; Chalkia, Anastasia; Gerlicher, Anna Maria Veronika; Jentsch, Valerie L.; Drexler, Shira Meir; Mertens, Gaetan; Richter, Jan; Sjouwerman, Rachel; Wendt, Julia; Merz, Christian J. Navigating the garden of forking paths for data exclusions in fear conditioning research Cambridge eLife Sciences Publications 2019 36 eLife 8 10.7554/eLife.52465 Department Psychologie OPUS4-47626 misc Braga, Brennda; de Carvalho, Thayslan; Brosinsky, Arlena; Förster, Saskia; Medeiros, Pedro Henrique Augusto Corrigendum to: From waste to resource: cost-benefit analysis of reservoir sediment reuse for soil fertilization in a semiarid catchment (The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man. - 670 (2019), 20, S. 158 - 169) Amsterdam Elsevier 2019 1 The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man 696 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133844 Institut für Umweltwissenschaften und Geographie OPUS4-47145 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Günther, Erika; Klauß, André; Toro-Nahuelpan, Mauricio; Schüler, Dirk; Hille, Carsten; Faivre, Damien The in vivo mechanics of the magnetotactic backbone as revealed by correlative FLIM-FRET and STED microscopy Protein interaction and protein imaging strongly benefit from the advancements in time-resolved and superresolution fluorescence microscopic techniques. However, the techniques were typically applied separately and ex vivo because of technical challenges and the absence of suitable fluorescent protein pairs. Here, we show correlative in vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy Forster resonance energy transfer (FLIM-FRET) and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy to unravel protein mechanics and structure in living cells. We use magnetotactic bacteria as a model system where two proteins, MamJ and MamK, are used to assemble magnetic particles called magnetosomes. The filament polymerizes out of MamK and the magnetosomes are connected via the linker MamJ. Our system reveals that bacterial filamentous structures are more fragile than the connection of biomineralized particles to this filament. More importantly, we anticipate the technique to find wide applicability for the study and quantification of biological processes in living cells and at high resolution. London Nature Publ. Group 2019 9 Scientific reports 9 10.1038/s41598-019-55804-5 Institut für Chemie OPUS4-47932 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Thomas, Jessica E.; Carvalho, Gary R.; Haile, James; Rawlence, Nicolas J.; Martin, Michael D.; Ho, Simon Y. W.; Sigfusson, Arnor P.; Josefsson, Vigfus A.; Frederiksen, Morten; Linnebjerg, Jannie F.; Castruita, Jose A. Samaniego; Niemann, Jonas; Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Sandoval-Velasco, Marcela; Soares, Andre E. R.; Lacy, Robert; Barilaro, Christina; Best, Juila; Brandis, Dirk; Cavallo, Chiara; Elorza, Mikelo; Garrett, Kimball L.; Groot, Maaike; Johansson, Friederike; Lifjeld, Jan T.; Nilson, Goran; Serjeanston, Dale; Sweet, Paul; Fuller, Errol; Hufthammer, Anne Karin; Meldgaard, Morten; Fjeldsa, Jon; Shapiro, Beth; Hofreiter, Michael; Stewart, John R.; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Knapp, Michael Demographic reconstruction from ancient DNA supports rapid extinction of the great auk The great auk was once abundant and distributed across the North Atlantic. It is now extinct, having been heavily exploited for its eggs, meat, and feathers. We investigated the impact of human hunting on its demise by integrating genetic data, GPS-based ocean current data, and analyses of population viability. We sequenced complete mitochondrial genomes of 41 individuals from across the species' geographic range and reconstructed population structure and population dynamics throughout the Holocene. Taken together, our data do not provide any evidence that great auks were at risk of extinction prior to the onset of intensive human hunting in the early 16th century. In addition, our population viability analyses reveal that even if the great auk had not been under threat by environmental change, human hunting alone could have been sufficient to cause its extinction. Our results emphasise the vulnerability of even abundant and widespread species to intense and localised exploitation. Cambridge eLife Sciences Publications 2019 35 eLife 8 10.7554/eLife.47509 Institut für Biochemie und Biologie OPUS4-48447 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Löpfe, Moira; Duss, Anja; Zafeiropoulou, Katerina-Alexandra; Bjoergvinsdottir, Oddny; Eglin, David; Fortunato, Giuseppino; Klasen, Jürgen; Ferguson, Stephen J.; Würtz-Kozak, Karin; Krupkova, Olga Electrospray-Based Microencapsulation of Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate for Local Delivery into the Intervertebral Disc Locally delivered anti-inflammatory compounds can restore the homeostasis of the degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD). With beneficial effects on IVD cells, epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) is a promising therapeutic candidate. However, EGCG is prone to rapid degradation and/or depletion. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a method for controlled EGCG delivery in the degenerated IVD. Primary IVD cells were isolated from human donors undergoing IVD surgeries. EGCG was encapsulated into microparticles by electrospraying of glutaraldehyde-crosslinked gelatin. The resulting particles were characterized in terms of cytocompatibility and anti-inflammatory activity, and combined with a thermoresponsive carrier to produce an injectable EGCG delivery system. Subsequently, electrospraying was scaled up using the industrial NANOSPIDER (TM) technology. The produced EGCG microparticles reduced the expression of inflammatory (IL-6, IL-8, COX-2) and catabolic (MMP1, MMP3, MMP13) mediators in pro-inflammatory 3D cell cultures. Combining the EGCG microparticles with the carrier showed a trend towards modulating EGCG activity/release. Electrospray upscaling was achieved, leading to particles with homogenous spherical morphologies. In conclusion, electrospray-based encapsulation of EGCG resulted in cytocompatible microparticles that preserved the activity of EGCG and showed the potential to control EGCG release, thus favoring IVD health by downregulating local inflammation. Future studies will focus on further exploring the biological activity of the developed delivery system for potential clinical use. Basel MDPI 2019 15 Pharmaceutics 11 9 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090435 Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften OPUS4-48435 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Rinaldi, G.; Formisano, M.; Kappel, David; Capaccioni, F.; Bockelee-Morvan, D.; Cheng, Y-C; Vincent, J-B; Deshapriya, P.; Arnold, G.; Capria, M. T.; Ciarniello, M.; De Sanctis, M. C.; Doose, L.; Erard, S.; Federico, C.; Filacchione, G.; Fink, U.; Leyrat, C.; Longobardo, A.; Magni, G.; Mighorini, A.; Mottola, S.; Naletto, G.; Raponi, A.; Taylor, F.; Tosi, F.; Tozzi, G. P.; Salatti, M. Analysis of night-side dust activity on comet 67P observed by VIRTIS-M On 2015 July 18, near perihelion at a heliocentric distance of 1.28 au, the Visible InfraRed Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS-M) on board the Rosetta spacecraft had the opportunity of observing dust activity in the inner coma with a view of the night side (shadowed side) of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. At the time of the measurements we present here, we observe a dust plume that originates on the far side of the nucleus. We are able to identify the approximate location of its source at the boundary between the Hapi and Anuket regions, and we find that it has been in darkness for some hours before the observation. Assuming that this time span is equal to the conductive time scale, we obtain a thermal inertia in the range 25-36 W K-1 m(-2) s(-1/2). These thermal inertia values can be used to verify with a 3D finite-element method (REM) numerical code whether the surface and subsurface temperatures agree with the values found in the literature. We explored three different configurations: (1) a layer of water ice mixed with dust beneath a dust mantle of 5 mm with thermal inertia of 36 J m(-2) K-1 S-0.5 ; (2) the same structure, but with thermal inertia of 100 J m(-2) K-1 S-0.5; (3) an ice-dust mixture that is directly exposed. Of these three configurations, the first seems to be the most reasonable, both for the low thermal inertia and for the agreement with the surface and subsurface temperatures that have been found for the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The spectral properties of the plume show that the visible dust color ranged from 16 +/- 4.8%/100 nm to 13 +/- 2.6%/100 nm, indicating that this plume has no detectable color gradient. The morphology of the plume can be classified as a narrow jet that has an estimated total ejected mass of between 6 and 19 tons when we assume size distribution indices between -2.5 and -3. Les Ulis EDP Sciences 2019 16 Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal 630 10.1051/0004-6361/201834907 Institut für Physik und Astronomie OPUS4-48436 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Tubiana, C.; Rinaldi, G.; Guettler, C.; Snodgrass, C.; Shi, X.; Hu, X.; Marschall, R.; Fulle, M.; Bockeele-Morvan, D.; Naletto, G.; Capaccioni, F.; Sierks, H.; Arnold, G.; Barucci, M. A.; Bertaux, J-L; Bertini, I; Bodewits, D.; Capria, M. T.; Ciarniello, M.; Cremonese, G.; Crovisier, J.; Da Deppo, V; Debei, S.; De Cecco, M.; Deller, J.; De Sanctis, M. C.; Davidsson, B.; Doose, L.; Erard, S.; Filacchione, G.; Fink, U.; Formisano, M.; Fornasier, S.; Gutierrez, P. J.; Ip, W-H; Ivanovski, S.; Kappel, David; Keller, H. U.; Kolokolova, L.; Koschny, D.; Krueger, H.; La Forgia, F.; Lamy, P. L.; Lara, L. M.; Lazzarin, M.; Levasseur-Regourd, A. C.; Lin, Z-Y; Longobardo, A.; Lopez-Moreno, J. J.; Marzari, F.; Migliorini, A.; Mottola, S.; Rodrigo, R.; Taylor, F.; Toth, I; Zakharov, V Diurnal variation of dust and gas production in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko at the inbound equinox as seen by OSIRIS and VIRTIS-M on board Rosetta Context. On 27 April 2015, when comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko was at 1.76 au from the Sun and moving toward perihelion, the OSIRIS and VIRTIS-M instruments on board the Rosetta spacecraft simultaneously observed the evolving dust and gas coma during a complete rotation of the comet. Aims. We aim to characterize the spatial distribution of dust, H2O, and CO2 gas in the inner coma. To do this, we performed a quantitative analysis of the release of dust and gas and compared the observed H2O production rate with the rate we calculated using a thermophysical model. Methods. For this study we selected OSIRIS WAC images at 612 nm (dust) and VIRTIS-M image cubes at 612 nm, 2700 nm (H2O emission band), and 4200 nm (CO2 emission band). We measured the average signal in a circular annulus to study the spatial variation around the comet, and in a sector of the annulus to study temporal variation in the sunward direction with comet rotation, both at a fixed distance of 3.1 km from the comet center. Results. The spatial correlation between dust and water, both coming from the sunlit side of the comet, shows that water is the main driver of dust activity in this time period. The spatial distribution of CO2 is not correlated with water and dust. There is no strong temporal correlation between the dust brightness and water production rate as the comet rotates. The dust brightness shows a peak at 0 degrees subsolar longitude, which is not pronounced in the water production. At the same epoch, there is also a maximum in CO2 production. An excess of measured water production with respect to the value calculated using a simple thermophysical model is observed when the head lobe and regions of the southern hemisphere with strong seasonal variations are illuminated (subsolar longitude 270 degrees-50 degrees). A drastic decrease in dust production when the water production (both measured and from the model) displays a maximum occurs when typical northern consolidated regions are illuminated and the southern hemisphere regions with strong seasonal variations are instead in shadow (subsolar longitude 50 degrees-90 degrees). Possible explanations of these observations are presented and discussed. Les Ulis EDP Sciences 2019 14 Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal 630 10.1051/0004-6361/201834869 Institut für Physik und Astronomie OPUS4-47756 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Martin, Craig E.; Herppich, Werner B.; Roscher, Yvonne; Burkart, Michael Relationships between leaf succulence and Crassulacean acid metabolism in the genus Sansevieria (Asparagaceae) Relationships between different measures of succulence and Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM; defined here as nocturnal increases in tissue acidity) were investigated in leaves of ten species of Sansevieria under greenhouse conditions. CAM was found in seven of the ten species investigated, and CAM correlated negatively with leaf thickness and leaf hydrenchyma/chlorenchyma ratio. Similarly, CAM correlated negatively with leaf water content, but only when expressed on a fresh mass basis. CAM was not correlated with "mesophyll succulence", but weakly with leaf chlorophyll concentration. These results indicate that CAM is associated more with "all-cell succulence" and not with the amount of leaf hydrenchyma in the genus Sansevieria. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of defining the nature of "leaf succulence" in studies of photosynthetic pathways and leaf morphology. Evidence is also provided that CAM and succulence arose multiple times in the genus Sansevieria. München Elsevier 2019 8 Flora : morphology, distribution, functional ecology of plants 261 10.1016/j.flora.2019.151489 Institut für Biochemie und Biologie