Dokument-ID Dokumenttyp Verfasser/Autoren Herausgeber Haupttitel Abstract Auflage Verlagsort Verlag Erscheinungsjahr Seitenzahl Schriftenreihe Titel Schriftenreihe Bandzahl ISBN Quelle der Hochschulschrift Konferenzname Quelle:Titel Quelle:Jahrgang Quelle:Heftnummer Quelle:Erste Seite Quelle:Letzte Seite URN DOI Abteilungen OPUS4-35934 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Taal, H. Rob; St Pourcain, Beate; Thiering, Elisabeth; Das, Shikta; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O.; Warrington, Nicole M.; Kaakinen, Marika; Kreiner-Moller, Eskil; Bradfield, Jonathan P.; Freathy, Rachel M.; Geller, Frank; Guxens, Monica; Cousminer, Diana L.; Kerkhof, Marjan; Timpson, Nicholas J.; Ikram, M. Arfan; Beilin, Lawrence J.; Bonnelykke, Klaus; Buxton, Jessica L.; Charoen, Pimphen; Chawes, Bo Lund Krogsgaard; Eriksson, Johan; Evans, David M.; Hofman, Albert; Kemp, John P.; Kim, Cecilia E.; Klopp, Norman; Lahti, Jari; Lye, Stephen J.; McMahon, George; Mentch, Frank D.; Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina; O'Reilly, Paul F.; Prokopenko, Inga; Rivadeneira, Fernando; Steegers, Eric A. P.; Sunyer, Jordi; Tiesler, Carla; Yaghootkar, Hanieh; Breteler, Monique M. B.; Debette, Stephanie; Fornage, Myriam; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Launer, Lenore J.; van der Lugt, Aad; Mosley, Thomas H.; Seshadri, Sudha; Smith, Albert V.; Vernooij, Meike W.; Blakemore, Alexandra I. F.; Chiavacci, Rosetta M.; Feenstra, Bjarke; Fernandez-Banet, Julio; Grant, Struan F. A.; Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa; van der Heijden, Albert J.; Iniguez, Carmen; Lathrop, Mark; McArdle, Wendy L.; Molgaard, Anne; Newnham, John P.; Palmer, Lyle J.; Palotie, Aarno; Pouta, Annneli; Ring, Susan M.; Sovio, Ulla; Standl, Marie; Uitterlinden, Andre G.; Wichmann, H-Erich; Vissing, Nadja Hawwa; DeCarli, Charles; van Duijn, Cornelia M.; McCarthy, Mark I.; Koppelman, Gerard H.; Estivill, Xavier; Hattersley, Andrew T.; Melbye, Mads; Bisgaard, Hans; Pennell, Craig E.; Widen, Elisabeth; Hakonarson, Hakon; Smith, George Davey; Heinrich, Joachim; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.; Adair, Linda S.; Ang, Wei; Atalay, Mustafa; van Beijsterveldt, Toos; Bergen, Nienke; Benke, Kelly; Berry, Diane J.; Bradfield, Jonathan P.; Charoen, Pimphen; Coin, Lachlan; Cousminer, Diana L.; Das, Shikta; Davis, Oliver S. P.; Elliott, Paul; Evans, David M.; Feenstra, Bjarke; Flexeder, Claudia; Frayling, Tim; Freathy, Rachel M.; Gaillard, Romy; Geller, Frank; Groen-Blokhuis, Maria; Goh, Liang-Kee; Guxens, Monica; Haworth, Claire M. A.; Hadley, Dexter; Hebebrand, Johannes; Hinney, Anke; Hirschhorn, Joel N.; Holloway, John W.; Holst, Claus; Hottenga, Jouke Jan; Horikoshi, Momoko; Huikari, Ville; Hypponen, Elina; Iniguez, Carmen; Kaakinen, Marika; Kilpelainen, Tuomas O.; Kirin, Mirna; Kowgier, Matthew; Lakka, Hanna-Maaria; Lange, Leslie A.; Lawlor, Debbie A.; Lehtimaki, Terho; Lewin, Alex; Lindgren, Cecilia; Lindi, Virpi; Maggi, Reedik; Marsh, Julie; Middeldorp, Christel; Millwood, Iona; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O.; Murray, Jeffrey C.; Nivard, Michel; Nohr, Ellen Aagaard; Ntalla, Ioanna; Oken, Emily; O'Reilly, Paul F.; Palmer, Lyle J.; Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope; Pararajasingham, Jennifer; Prokopenko, Inga; Rodriguez, Alina; Salem, Rany M.; Sebert, Sylvain; Siitonen, Niina; Sovio, Ulla; St Pourcain, Beate; Strachan, David P.; Sunyer, Jordi; Taal, H. Rob; Teo, Yik-Ying; Thiering, Elisabeth; Tiesler, Carla; Uitterlinden, Andre G.; Valcarcel, Beatriz; Warrington, Nicole M.; White, Scott; Willemsen, Gonneke; Yaghootkar, Hanieh; Zeggini, Eleftheria; Boomsma, Dorret I.; Cooper, Cyrus; Estivill, Xavier; Gillman, Matthew; Grant, Struan F. A.; Hakonarson, Hakon; Hattersley, Andrew T.; Heinrich, Joachim; Hocher, Berthold; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta; Lakka, Timo A.; McCarthy, Mark I.; Melbye, Mads; Mohlke, Karen L.; Dedoussis, George V.; Ong, Ken K.; Pearson, Ewan R.; Pennell, Craig E.; Price, Thomas S.; Power, Chris; Raitakari, Olli T.; Saw, Seang-Mei; Scherag, Andre; Simell, Olli; Sorensen, Thorkild I. A.; Timpson, Nicholas J.; Widen, Elisabeth; Wilson, James F.; Ang, Wei; van Beijsterveldt, Toos; Bergen, Nienke; Benke, Kelly; Berry, Diane J.; Bradfield, Jonathan P.; Charoen, Pimphen; Coin, Lachlan; Cousminer, Diana L.; Das, Shikta; Elliott, Paul; Evans, David M.; Frayling, Tim; Freathy, Rachel M.; Gaillard, Romy; Groen-Blokhuis, Maria; Guxens, Monica; Hadley, Dexter; Hottenga, Jouke Jan; Huikari, Ville; Hypponen, Elina; Kaakinen, Marika; Kowgier, Matthew; Lawlor, Debbie A.; Lewin, Alex; Lindgren, Cecilia; Marsh, Julie; Middeldorp, Christel; Millwood, Iona; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O.; Nivard, Michel; O'Reilly, Paul F.; Palmer, Lyle J.; Prokopenko, Inga; Rodriguez, Alina; Sebert, Sylvain; Sovio, Ulla; St Pourcain, Beate; Standl, Marie; Strachan, David P.; Sunyer, Jordi; Taal, H. Rob; Thiering, Elisabeth; Tiesler, Carla; Uitterlinden, Andre G.; Valcarcel, Beatriz; Warrington, Nicole M.; White, Scott; Willemsen, Gonneke; Yaghootkar, Hanieh; Boomsma, Dorret I.; Estivill, Xavier; Grant, Struan F. A.; Hakonarson, Hakon; Hattersley, Andrew T.; Heinrich, Joachim; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta; McCarthy, Mark I.; Pennell, Craig E.; Power, Chris; Timpson, Nicholas J.; Widen, Elisabeth; Ikram, M. Arfan; Fornage, Myriam; Smith, Albert V.; Seshadri, Sudha; Schmidt, Reinhold; Debette, Stephanie; Vrooman, Henri A.; Sigurdsson, Sigurdur; Ropele, Stefan; Coker, Laura H.; Longstreth, W. T.; Niessen, Wiro J.; DeStefano, Anita L.; Beiser, Alexa; Zijdenbos, Alex P.; Struchalin, Maksim; Jack, Clifford R.; Nalls, Mike A.; Au, Rhoda; Hofman, Albert; Gudnason, Haukur; van der Lugt, Aad; Harris, Tamara B.; Meeks, William M.; Vernooij, Meike W.; van Buchem, Mark A.; Catellier, Diane; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Windham, B. Gwen; Wolf, Philip A.; van Duijn, Cornelia M.; Mosley, Thomas H.; Schmidt, Helena; Launer, Lenore J.; Breteler, Monique M. B.; DeCarli, Charles Common variants at 12q15 and 12q24 are associated with infant head circumference To identify genetic variants associated with head circumference in infancy, we performed a meta-analysis of seven genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (N = 10,768 individuals of European ancestry enrolled in pregnancy and/or birth cohorts) and followed up three lead signals in six replication studies (combined N = 19,089). rs7980687 on chromosome 12q24 (P = 8.1 x 10(-9)) and rs1042725 on chromosome 12q15 (P = 2.8 x 10(-10)) were robustly associated with head circumference in infancy. Although these loci have previously been associated with adult height(1), their effects on infant head circumference were largely independent of height (P = 3.8 x 10(-7) for rs7980687 and P = 1.3 x 10(-7) for rs1042725 after adjustment for infant height). A third signal, rs11655470 on chromosome 17q21, showed suggestive evidence of association with head circumference (P = 3.9 x 10(-6)). SNPs correlated to the 17q21 signal have shown genome-wide association with adult intracranial volume(2), Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases(3-5), indicating that a common genetic variant in this region might link early brain growth with neurological disease in later life. New York Nature Publ. Group 2012 9 Nature genetics 44 5 532 + 10.1038/ng.2238 Institut für Biochemie und Biologie OPUS4-35935 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Ikram, M. Arfan; Fornage, Myriam; Smith, Albert V.; Seshadri, Sudha; Schmidt, Reinhold; Debette, Stephanie; Vrooman, Henri A.; Sigurdsson, Sigurdur; Ropele, Stefan; Taal, H. Rob; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O.; Coker, Laura H.; Longstreth, W. T.; Niessen, Wiro J.; DeStefano, Anita L.; Beiser, Alexa; Zijdenbos, Alex P.; Struchalin, Maksim; Jack, Clifford R.; Rivadeneira, Fernando; Uitterlinden, Andre G.; Knopman, David S.; Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa; Pennell, Craig E.; Thiering, Elisabeth; Steegers, Eric A. P.; Hakonarson, Hakon; Heinrich, Joachim; Palmer, Lyle J.; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta; McCarthy, Mark I.; Grant, Struan F. A.; St Pourcain, Beate; Timpson, Nicholas J.; Smith, George Davey; Sovio, Ulla; Nalls, Mike A.; Au, Rhoda; Hofman, Albert; Gudnason, Haukur; van der Lugt, Aad; Harris, Tamara B.; Meeks, William M.; Vernooij, Meike W.; van Buchem, Mark A.; Catellier, Diane; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Windham, B. Gwen; Wolf, Philip A.; van Duijn, Cornelia M.; Mosley, Thomas H.; Schmidt, Helena; Launer, Lenore J.; Breteler, Monique M. B.; DeCarli, Charles; Adair, Linda S.; Ang, Wei; Atalay, Mustafa; vanBeijsterveldt, Toos; Bergen, Nienke; Benke, Kelly; Berry, Diane J.; Coin, Lachlan; Davis, Oliver S. P.; Elliott, Paul; Flexeder, Claudia; Frayling, Tim; Gaillard, Romy; Groen-Blokhuis, Maria; Goh, Liang-Kee; Haworth, Claire M. A.; Hadley, Dexter; Hebebrand, Johannes; Hinney, Anke; Hirschhorn, Joel N.; Holloway, John W.; Holst, Claus; Hottenga, Jouke Jan; Horikoshi, Momoko; Huikari, Ville; Hypponen, Elina; Kilpelainen, Tuomas O.; Kirin, Mirna; Kowgier, Matthew; Lakka, Hanna-Maaria; Lange, Leslie A.; Lawlor, Debbie A.; Lehtimaki, Terho; Lewin, Alex; Lindgren, Cecilia; Lindi, Virpi; Maggi, Reedik; Marsh, Julie; Middeldorp, Christel; Millwood, Iona; Murray, Jeffrey C.; Nivard, Michel; Nohr, Ellen Aagaard; Ntalla, Ioanna; Oken, Emily; Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope; Pararajasingham, Jennifer; Rodriguez, Alina; Salem, Rany M.; Sebert, Sylvain; Siitonen, Niina; Strachan, David P.; Teo, Yik-Ying; Valcarcel, Beatriz; Willemsen, Gonneke; Zeggini, Eleftheria; Boomsma, Dorret I.; Cooper, Cyrus; Gillman, Matthew; Hocher, Berthold; Lakka, Timo A.; Mohlke, Karen L.; Dedoussis, George V.; Ong, Ken K.; Pearson, Ewan R.; Price, Thomas S.; Power, Chris; Raitakari, Olli T.; Saw, Seang-Mei; Scherag, Andre; Simell, Olli; Sorensen, Thorkild I. A.; Wilson, James F. Common variants at 6q22 and 17q21 are associated with intracranial volume During aging, intracranial volume remains unchanged and represents maximally attained brain size, while various interacting biological phenomena lead to brain volume loss. Consequently, intracranial volume and brain volume in late life reflect different genetic influences. Our genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 8,175 community-dwelling elderly persons did not reveal any associations at genome-wide significance (P < 5 x 10(-8)) for brain volume. In contrast, intracranial volume was significantly associated with two loci: rs4273712 (P = 3.4 x 10(-11)), a known height-associated locus on chromosome 6q22, and rs9915547 (P = 1.5 x 10(-12)), localized to the inversion on chromosome 17q21. We replicated the associations of these loci with intracranial volume in a separate sample of 1,752 elderly persons (P = 1.1 x 10(-3) for 6q22 and 1.2 x 10(-3) for 17q21). Furthermore, we also found suggestive associations of the 17q21 locus with head circumference in 10,768 children (mean age of 14.5 months). Our data identify two loci associated with head size, with the inversion at 17q21 also likely to be involved in attaining maximal brain size. New York Nature Publ. Group 2012 7 Nature genetics 44 5 539 + 10.1038/ng.2245 Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft OPUS4-39159 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel van der Valk, Ralf J. P.; Kreiner-Moller, Eskil; Kooijman, Marjolein N.; Guxens, Monica; Stergiakouli, Evangelia; Saaf, Annika; Bradfield, Jonathan P.; Geller, Frank; Hayes, M. Geoffrey; Cousminer, Diana L.; Koerner, Antje; Thiering, Elisabeth; Curtin, John A.; Myhre, Ronny; Huikari, Ville; Joro, Raimo; Kerkhof, Marjan; Warrington, Nicole M.; Pitkanen, Niina; Ntalla, Ioanna; Horikoshi, Momoko; Veijola, Riitta; Freathy, Rachel M.; Teo, Yik-Ying; Barton, Sheila J.; Evans, David M.; Kemp, John P.; St Pourcain, Beate; Ring, Susan M.; Smith, George Davey; Bergstrom, Anna; Kull, Inger; Hakonarson, Hakon; Mentch, Frank D.; Bisgaard, Hans; Chawes, Bo Lund Krogsgaard; Stokholm, Jakob; Waage, Johannes; Eriksen, Patrick; Sevelsted, Astrid; Melbye, Mads; van Duijn, Cornelia M.; Medina-Gomez, Carolina; Hofman, Albert; de Jongste, Johan C.; Taal, H. Rob; Uitterlinden, Andre G.; Armstrong, Loren L.; Eriksson, Johan; Palotie, Aarno; Bustamante, Mariona; Estivill, Xavier; Gonzalez, Juan R.; Llop, Sabrina; Kiess, Wieland; Mahajan, Anubha; Flexeder, Claudia; Tiesler, Carla M. T.; Murray, Clare S.; Simpson, Angela; Magnus, Per; Sengpiel, Verena; Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa; Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka; Lewin, Alexandra; Alves, Alexessander Da Silva Couto; Blakemore, Alexandra I. F.; Buxton, Jessica L.; Kaakinen, Marika; Rodriguez, Alina; Sebert, Sylvain; Vaarasmaki, Marja; Lakka, Timo; Lindi, Virpi; Gehring, Ulrike; Postma, Dirkje S.; Ang, Wei; Newnham, John P.; Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka; Pahkala, Katja; Raitakari, Olli T.; Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope; Zeggini, Eleftheria; Boomsma, Dorret I.; Groen-Blokhuis, Maria; Ilonen, Jorma; Franke, Lude; Hirschhorn, Joel N.; Pers, Tune H.; Liang, Liming; Huang, Jinyan; Hocher, Berthold; Knip, Mikael; Saw, Seang-Mei; Holloway, John W.; Melen, Erik; Grant, Struan F. A.; Feenstra, Bjarke; Lowe, William L.; Widen, Elisabeth; Sergeyev, Elena; Grallert, Harald; Custovic, Adnan; Jacobsson, Bo; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta; Atalay, Mustafa; Koppelman, Gerard H.; Pennell, Craig E.; Niinikoski, Harri; Dedoussis, George V.; Mccarthy, Mark I.; Frayling, Timothy M.; Sunyer, Jordi; Timpson, Nicholas J.; Rivadeneira, Fernando; Bonnelykke, Klaus; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. A novel common variant in DCST2 is associated with length in early life and height in adulthood Common genetic variants have been identified for adult height, but not much is known about the genetics of skeletal growth in early life. To identify common genetic variants that influence fetal skeletal growth, we meta-analyzed 22 genome-wide association studies (Stage 1; N = 28 459). We identified seven independent top single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (P < 1 x 10(-6)) for birth length, of which three were novel and four were in or near loci known to be associated with adult height (LCORL, PTCH1, GPR126 and HMGA2). The three novel SNPs were followed-up in nine replication studies (Stage 2; N = 11 995), with rs905938 in DC-STAMP domain containing 2 (DCST2) genome-wide significantly associated with birth length in a joint analysis (Stages 1 + 2; beta = 0.046, SE = 0.008, P = 2.46 x 10(-8), explained variance = 0.05%). Rs905938 was also associated with infant length (N = 28 228; P = 5.54 x 10(-4)) and adult height (N = 127 513; P = 1.45 x 10(-5)). DCST2 is a DC-STAMP-like protein family member and DC-STAMP is an osteoclast cell-fusion regulator. Polygenic scores based on 180 SNPs previously associated with human adult stature explained 0.13% of variance in birth length. The same SNPs explained 2.95% of the variance of infant length. Of the 180 known adult height loci, 11 were genome-wide significantly associated with infant length (SF3B4, LCORL, SPAG17, C6orf173, PTCH1, GDF5, ZNFX1, HHIP, ACAN, HLA locus and HMGA2). This study highlights that common variation in DCST2 influences variation in early growth and adult height. Oxford Oxford Univ. Press 2015 14 Human molecular genetics 24 4 1155 1168 10.1093/hmg/ddu510 Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft OPUS4-35420 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Horikoshi, Momoko; Yaghootkar, Hanieh; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O.; Sovio, Ulla; Taal, H. Rob; Hennig, Branwen J.; Bradfield, Jonathan P.; St Pourcain, Beate; Evans, David M.; Charoen, Pimphen; Kaakinen, Marika; Cousminer, Diana L.; Lehtimaki, Terho; Kreiner-Moller, Eskil; Warrington, Nicole M.; Bustamante, Mariona; Feenstra, Bjarke; Berry, Diane J.; Thiering, Elisabeth; Pfab, Thiemo; Barton, Sheila J.; Shields, Beverley M.; Kerkhof, Marjan; van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M.; Fulford, Anthony J.; Kutalik, Zoltan; Zhao, Jing Hua; den Hoed, Marcel; Mahajan, Anubha; Lindi, Virpi; Goh, Liang-Kee; Hottenga, Jouke-Jan; Wu, Ying; Raitakari, Olli T.; Harder, Marie N.; Meirhaeghe, Aline; Ntalla, Ioanna; Salem, Rany M.; Jameson, Karen A.; Zhou, Kaixin; Monies, Dorota M.; Lagou, Vasiliki; Kirin, Mirna; Heikkinen, Jani; Adair, Linda S.; Alkuraya, Fowzan S.; Al-Odaib, Ali; Amouyel, Philippe; Andersson, Ehm Astrid; Bennett, Amanda J.; Blakemore, Alexandra I. F.; Buxton, Jessica L.; Dallongeville, Jean; Das, Shikta; de Geus, Eco J. C.; Estivill, Xavier; Flexeder, Claudia; Froguel, Philippe; Geller, Frank; Godfrey, Keith M.; Gottrand, Frederic; Groves, Christopher J.; Hansen, Torben; Hirschhorn, Joel N.; Hofman, Albert; Hollegaard, Mads V.; Hougaard, David M.; Hyppoenen, Elina; Inskip, Hazel M.; Isaacs, Aaron; Jorgensen, Torben; Kanaka-Gantenbein, Christina; Kemp, John P.; Kiess, Wieland; Kilpelainen, Tuomas O.; Klopp, Norman; Knight, Bridget A.; Kuzawa, Christopher W.; McMahon, George; Newnham, John P.; Niinikoski, Harri; Oostra, Ben A.; Pedersen, Louise; Postma, Dirkje S.; Ring, Susan M.; Rivadeneira, Fernando; Robertson, Neil R.; Sebert, Sylvain; Simell, Olli; Slowinski, Torsten; Tiesler, Carla M. T.; Toenjes, Anke; Vaag, Allan; Viikari, Jorma S.; Vink, Jacqueline M.; Vissing, Nadja Hawwa; Wareham, Nicholas J.; Willemsen, Gonneke; Witte, Daniel R.; Zhang, Haitao; Zhao, Jianhua; Wilson, James F.; Stumvoll, Michael; Prentice, Andrew M.; Meyer, Brian F.; Pearson, Ewan R.; Boreham, Colin A. G.; Cooper, Cyrus; Gillman, Matthew W.; Dedoussis, George V.; Moreno, Luis A.; Pedersen, Oluf; Saarinen, Maiju; Mohlke, Karen L.; Boomsma, Dorret I.; Saw, Seang-Mei; Lakka, Timo A.; Koerner, Antje; Loos, Ruth J. F.; Ong, Ken K.; Vollenweider, Peter; van Duijn, Cornelia M.; Koppelman, Gerard H.; Hattersley, Andrew T.; Holloway, John W.; Hocher, Berthold; Heinrich, Joachim; Power, Chris; Melbye, Mads; Guxens, Monica; Pennell, Craig E.; Bonnelykke, Klaus; Bisgaard, Hans; Eriksson, Johan G.; Widen, Elisabeth; Hakonarson, Hakon; Uitterlinden, Andre G.; Pouta, Anneli; Lawlor, Debbie A.; Smith, George Davey; Frayling, Timothy M.; McCarthy, Mark I.; Grant, Struan F. A.; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta; Timpson, Nicholas J.; Prokopenko, Inga; Freathy, Rachel M. New loci associated with birth weight identify genetic links between intrauterine growth and adult height and metabolism Birth weight within the normal range is associated with a variety of adult-onset diseases, but the mechanisms behind these associations are poorly understood(1). Previous genome-wide association studies of birth weight identified a variant in the ADCY5 gene associated both with birth weight and type 2 diabetes and a second variant, near CCNL1, with no obvious link to adult traits(2). In an expanded genome-wide association metaanalysis and follow-up study of birth weight (of up to 69,308 individuals of European descent from 43 studies), we have now extended the number of loci associated at genome-wide significance to 7, accounting for a similar proportion of variance as maternal smoking. Five of the loci are known to be associated with other phenotypes: ADCY5 and CDKAL1 with type 2 diabetes, ADRB1 with adult blood pressure and HMGA2 and LCORL with adult height. Our findings highlight genetic links between fetal growth and postnatal growth and metabolism. New York Nature Publ. Group 2013 10 Nature genetics 45 1 76 U115 10.1038/ng.2477 Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft