Dokument-ID Dokumenttyp Verfasser/Autoren Herausgeber Haupttitel Abstract Auflage Verlagsort Verlag Erscheinungsjahr Seitenzahl Schriftenreihe Titel Schriftenreihe Bandzahl ISBN Quelle der Hochschulschrift Konferenzname Quelle:Titel Quelle:Jahrgang Quelle:Heftnummer Quelle:Erste Seite Quelle:Letzte Seite URN DOI Abteilungen OPUS4-51223 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Oeser, Ralf Andreas; Stroncik, Nicole; Moskwa, Lisa-Marie; Bernhard, Nadine; Schaller, Mirjam; Canessa, Rafaella; van den Brink, Liesbeth; Köster, Moritz; Brucker, Emanuel; Stock, Svenja; Pablo Fuentes, Juan; Godoy, Roberto; Javier Matus, Francisco; Oses Pedraza, Romulo; Osses McIntyre, Pablo; Paulino, Leandro; Seguel, Oscar; Bader, Maaike Y.; Boy, Jens; Dippold, Michaela A.; Ehlers, Todd A.; Kühn, Peter; Kuzyakov, Yakov; Leinweber, Peter; Scholten, Thomas; Spielvogel, Sandra; Spohn, Marie; Ubernickel, Kirstin; Tielbörger, Katja; Wagner, Dirk; von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm Chemistry and microbiology of the Critical Zone along a steep climate and vegetation gradient in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera From north to south, denudation rates from cosmogenic nuclides are similar to 10 t km(-2) yr(-1) at the arid Pan de Aziicar site, similar to 20 t km(2) yr(-1) at the semi-arid site of Santa Gracia, -60 t km(-2) yr(-1) at the Mediterranean climate site of La Campana, and similar to 30 t km(-2) yr(-1) at the humid site of Nahuelbuta. A and B horizons increase in thickness and elemental depletion or enrichment increases from north (similar to 26 degrees S) to south (similar to 38 degrees S) in these horizons. Differences in the degree of chemical weathering, quantified by the chemical depletion fraction (CDF), are significant only between the arid and sparsely vegetated site and the other three sites. Differences in the CDF between the sites, and elemental depletion within the sites are sometimes smaller than the variations induced by the bedrock heterogeneity. Microbial abundances (bacteria and archaea) in saprolite substantially increase from the arid to the semi-arid sites. With this study, we provide a comprehensive dataset characterizing the Critical Zone geochemistry in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera. This dataset confirms climatic controls on weathering and denudation rates and provides prerequisites to quantify the role of biota in future studies. Amsterdam Elsevier 2018 21 Catena : an interdisciplinary journal of soil science, hydrology, geomorphology focusing on geoecology and landscape evolution 170 183 203 10.1016/j.catena.2018.06.002 Institut für Geowissenschaften OPUS4-51224 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Bernhard, Nadine; Moskwa, Lisa-Marie; Schmidt, Karsten; Oeser, Ralf Andreas; Aburto, Felipe; Bader, Maaike Y.; Baumann, Karen; von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm; Boy, Jens; van den Brink, Liesbeth; Brucker, Emanuel; Buedel, Burkhard; Canessa, Rafaella; Dippold, Michaela A.; Ehlers, Todd A.; Fuentes, Juan P.; Godoy, Roberto; Jung, Patrick; Karsten, Ulf; Koester, Moritz; Kuzyakov, Yakov; Leinweber, Peter; Neidhardt, Harald; Matus, Francisco; Mueller, Carsten W.; Oelmann, Yvonne; Oses, Romulo; Osses, Pablo; Paulino, Leandro; Samolov, Elena; Schaller, Mirjam; Schmid, Manuel; Spielvogel, Sandra; Spohn, Marie; Stock, Svenja; Stroncik, Nicole; Tielboerger, Katja; Uebernickel, Kirstin; Scholten, Thomas; Seguel, Oscar; Wagner, Dirk; Kühn, Peter Pedogenic and microbial interrelations to regional climate and local topography The effects of climate and topography on soil physico-chemical and microbial parameters were studied along an extensive latitudinal climate gradient in the Coastal Cordillera of Chile (26 degrees-38 degrees S). The study sites encompass arid (Pan de Azucar), semiarid (Santa Gracia), mediterranean (La Campana) and humid (Nahuelbuta) climates and vegetation, ranging from arid desert, dominated by biological soil crusts (biocrusts), semiarid shrubland and mediterranean sclerophyllous forest, where biocrusts are present but do have a seasonal pattern to temperate-mixed forest, where biocrusts only occur as an early pioneering development stage after disturbance. All soils originate from granitic parent materials and show very strong differences in pedogenesis intensity and soil depth. Most of the investigated physical, chemical and microbiological soil properties showed distinct trends along the climate gradient. Further, abrupt changes between the arid northernmost study site and the other semi-arid to humid sites can be shown, which indicate non-linearity and thresholds along the climate gradient. Clay and total organic carbon contents (TOC) as well as Ah horizons and solum depths increased from arid to humid climates, whereas bulk density (BD), pH values and base saturation (BS) decreased. These properties demonstrate the accumulation of organic matter, clay formation and element leaching as key-pedogenic processes with increasing humidity. However, the soils in the northern arid climate do not follow this overall latitudinal trend, because texture and BD are largely controlled by aeolian input of dust and sea salts spray followed by the formation of secondary evaporate minerals. Total soil DNA concentrations and TOC increased from arid to humid sites, while areal coverage by biocrusts exhibited an opposite trend. Relative bacterial and archaeal abundances were lower in the arid site, but for the other sites the local variability exceeds the variability along the climate gradient. Differences in soil properties between topographic positions were most pronounced at the study sites with the mediterranean and humid climate, whereas microbial abundances were independent on topography across all study sites. In general, the regional climate is the strongest controlling factor for pedogenesis and microbial parameters in soils developed from the same parent material. Topographic position along individual slopes of limited length augmented this effect only under humid conditions, where water erosion likely relocated particles and elements downward. The change from alkaline to neutral soil pH between the arid and the semi-arid site coincided with qualitative differences in soil formation as well as microbial habitats. This also reflects non-linear relationships of pedogenic and microbial processes in soils depending on climate with a sharp threshold between arid and semi-arid conditions. Therefore, the soils on the transition between arid and semi-arid conditions are especially sensitive and may be well used as indicators of long and medium-term climate changes. Concluding, the unique latitudinal precipitation gradient in the Coastal Cordillera of Chile is predestined to investigate the effects of the main soil forming factor - climate - on pedogenic processes. Amsterdam Elsevier 2018 21 Catena : an interdisciplinary journal of soil science, hydrology, geomorphology focusing on geoecology and landscape evolution 170 335 355 10.1016/j.catena.2018.06.018 Institut für Geowissenschaften OPUS4-34965 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Thiede, Rasmus Christoph; Ehlers, Todd A. Large spatial and temporal variations in Himalayan denudation In the last decade growing interest has emerged in quantifying the spatial and temporal variations in mountain building. Until recently, insufficient data have been available to attempt such a task at the scale of large orogens such as the Himalaya. The Himalaya accommodates ongoing convergence between India and Eurasia and is a focal point for studying orogen evolution and hypothesized interactions between tectonics and climate. Here we integrate 1126 published bedrock mineral cooling ages with a transient 1D Monte-Carlo thermal-kinematic erosion model to quantify the denudation histories along similar to 2700 km of the Himalaya. The model free parameter is a temporally variable denudation rate from 50 Ma to present. Thermophysical material properties and boundary conditions were tuned to individual study areas. Monte-Carlo simulations were conducted to identify the range of denudation histories that can reproduce the observed cooling ages. Results indicate large temporal and spatial variations in denudation and these are resolvable across different tectonic units of the Himalaya. More specifically, across > 1000 km of the southern Greater Himalaya denudation rates were highest (similar to 1.5-3 mm/yr) between similar to 10 and 2 Ma and lower (0.5-2.6 mm/yr) over the last 2 My. These differences are best determined in the NW-Himalaya. In contrast to this, across the similar to 2500 km length of the northern Greater Himalaya denudation rates vary over length scales of similar to 300-1700 km. Slower denudation (<1 mm/yr) occurred between 10 and 4 Ma followed by a large increase (1.2-2.6 mm/yr) in the last similar to 4 Ma. We find that only the southern Greater Himalayan Sequence clearly supports a continuous co-evolution of tectonics, climate and denudation. Results from the higher elevation northern Greater Himalaya suggest either tectonic driven variations in denudation due to a ramp-flat geometry in the main decollement and/or recent glacially enhanced denudation. Amsterdam Elsevier 2013 16 Earth & planetary science letters 371 2 278 293 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.03.004 Institut für Geowissenschaften OPUS4-31895 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Schildgen, Taylor F.; Ehlers, Todd A.; Whipp, David M.; van Soest, Matthijs C.; Whipple, Kelin X.; Hodges, Kip V. Quantifying canyon incision and Andean Plateau surface uplift, southwest Peru : a thermochronometer and numerical modeling approach Apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He ages from Ocona canyon at the western margin of the Central Andean plateau record rock cooling histories induced by a major phase of canyon incision. We quantify the timing and magnitude of incision by integrating previously published ages from the valley bottom with 19 new sample ages from four valley wall transects. Interpretation of the incision history from cooling ages is complicated by a southwest to northeast increase in temperatures at the base of the crust due to subduction and volcanism. Furthermore, the large magnitude of incision leads to additional three-dimensional variations in the thermal field. We address these complications with finite element thermal and thermochronometer age prediction models to quantify the range of topographic evolution scenarios consistent with observed cooling ages. Comparison of 275 model simulations to observed cooling ages and regional heat flow determinations identify a best fit history with <= 0.2 km of incision in the forearc region prior to similar to 14 Ma and up to 3.0 km of incision starting between 7 and 11 Ma. Incision starting at 7 Ma requires incision to end by similar to 5.5 to 6 Ma. However, a 2.2 Ma age on a volcanic flow on the current valley floor and 5 Ma gravels on the uplifted piedmont surface together suggest that incision ended during the time span between 2.2 and 5 Ma. These additional constraints for incision end time lead to a range of best fit incision onset times between 8 and 11 Ma, which must coincide with or postdate surface uplift. 2009 10.1029/2009jf001305 Institut für Geowissenschaften OPUS4-34862 misc Thiede, Rasmus Christoph; Ehlers, Todd A. Large spatial and temporal variations in Himalayan denudation (vol 371, pg 278, 2013) Amsterdam Elsevier 2013 2 Earth & planetary science letters 374 13 256 257 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.07.004 Institut für Geowissenschaften OPUS4-36033 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Olen, Stephanie M.; Ehlers, Todd A.; Densmore, Mathew S. Limits to reconstructing paleotopography from thermochronometer data Recent studies suggest that orogens can achieve a topographic steady state whereby equilibrium is reached between tectonics and erosion. However, steady state topography may not be the norm in many orogens experiencing large changes in climate or tectonics, which can produce topographic transients. The quantification of transient topography over geologic timescales requires reconstructing paleotopography, but this has proven difficult in many cases. This study investigates the utility of bedrock thermochronometer data to reconstruct orogen paleotopography over million year timescales. Apatite (U-Th)/He and fission track ages are integrated with a thermokinematic model for a single-parameter inversion of paleotopography. An iterative scheme is used that minimizes the misfit between predicted and observed cooling ages to identify the range of paleotopographies that could produce observed ages within sample uncertainty. Two approaches are considered. First, synthetic 2- D topographies are used to test the robustness of the approach. The following topographic evolution scenarios are considered: (1) lateral ridge migration, (2) topographic relief change, and (3) valley widening and deepening from glaciation. Second, the method is applied in three dimensions to existing data from the Coast Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. Results from both applications of the model suggest that (1) paleotopographic reconstruction will typically underpredict the magnitude of topographic change, especially relief change; (2) paleotopography is most successfully reconstructed after lateral ridge migration in long-wavelength topographies; and (3) reconstructed paleotopography from the Coast Mountains, British Columbia, suggests that glacial erosion may have the potential to remove drainage divides and laterally shift topographic ridges and peaks. WASHINGTON AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION 2012 20 JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE 117 10.1029/2011JF001985 OPUS4-45255 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Georgieva, Viktoria; Melnick, Daniel; Schildgen, Taylor F.; Ehlers, Todd A.; Lagabrielle, Yves; Enkelmann, Eva; Strecker, Manfred Tectonic control on rock uplift, exhumation, and topography above an oceanic ridge collision: Southern Patagonian Andes (47 degrees S), Chile The subduction of bathymetric anomalies at convergent margins can profoundly affect subduction dynamics, magmatism, and the structural and geomorphic evolution of the overriding plate. The Northern Patagonian Icefield (NPI) is located east of the Chile Triple Junction at similar to 47 degrees S, where the Chile Rise spreading center collides with South America. This region is characterized by an abrupt increase in summit elevations and relief that has been controversially debated in the context of geodynamic versus glacial erosion effects on topography. Here we present geomorphic, thermochronological, and structural data that document neotectonic activity along hitherto unrecognized faults along the flanks of the NPI. New apatite (U-Th)/He bedrock cooling ages suggest faulting since 2-3 Ma. We infer the northward translation of an similar to 140 km long fore-arc sliver-the NPI block-results from enhanced partitioning of oblique plate convergence due to the closely spaced collision of three successive segments of the Chile Rise. In this model, greater uplift occurs in the hanging wall of the Exploradores thrust at the northern leading edge of the NPI block, whereas the Cachet and Liquine-Ofqui dextral faults decouple the NPI block along its eastern and western flanks, respectively. Localized extension possibly occurs at its southern trailing edge along normal faults associated with margin-parallel extension, tectonic subsidence, and lower elevations along the Andean crest line. Our neotectonic model provides a novel explanation for the abrupt topographic variations inland of the Chile Triple Junction and emphasizes the fundamental effects of local tectonics on exhumation and topographic patterns in this glaciated landscape. Washington American Geophysical Union 2016 25 Tectonics 35 1317 1341 10.1002/2016TC004120 Institut für Geowissenschaften OPUS4-31960 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Thiede, Rasmus Christoph; Ehlers, Todd A.; Bookhagen, Bodo; Strecker, Manfred Erosional variability along the northwest Himalaya Erosional exhumation and topography in mountain belts are temporally and spatially variable over million year timescales because of changes in both the location of deformation and climate. We investigate spatiotemporal variations in exhumation across a 150 x 250 km compartment of the NW Himalaya, India. Twenty-four new and 241 previously published apatite and zircon fission track and white mica Ar-40/Ar-39 ages are integrated with a 1-D numerical model to quantify rates and timing of exhumation alongstrike of several major structures in the Lesser, High, and Tethyan Himalaya. Analysis of thermochronometer data suggests major temporal variations in exhumation occurred in the early middle Miocene and at the Plio-Pleistocene transition. (1) Most notably, exhumation rates for the northern High Himalayan compartments were high (2-3 mm a(-1)) between similar to 23-19 and similar to 3-0 Ma and low (0.5-0.7 mm a(-1)) in between similar to 19-3 Ma. (2) Along the southern High Himalayan slopes, however, high exhumation rates of 1-2 mm a(-1) existed since 11 Ma. (3) Our thermochronology data sets are poorly correlated with present-day rainfall, local relief, and specific stream power which may likely result from (1) a lack of sensitivity of changes in crustal cooling to spatial variations in erosion at high exhumation rates (>similar to 1 mm a(-1)), (2) spatiotemporal variation in erosion not mimicking the present-day topographic or climatic conditions, or (3) the thermochronometer samples in this region having cooled under topography that only weakly resembled the modern-day topography. 2009 10.1029/2008jf001010 Institut für Geowissenschaften