Dokument-ID Dokumenttyp Verfasser/Autoren Herausgeber Haupttitel Abstract Auflage Verlagsort Verlag Erscheinungsjahr Seitenzahl Schriftenreihe Titel Schriftenreihe Bandzahl ISBN Quelle der Hochschulschrift Konferenzname Quelle:Titel Quelle:Jahrgang Quelle:Heftnummer Quelle:Erste Seite Quelle:Letzte Seite URN DOI Abteilungen OPUS4-40745 Dissertation Zühlke, Martin Elektrosprayionisation Ionenmobilitätsspektrometrie Die Elektrosprayionisation (ESI) ist eine der weitverbreitetsten Ionisationstechniken für flüssige Pro-ben in der Massen- und Ionenmobilitäts(IM)-Spektrometrie. Aufgrund ihrer schonenden Ionisierung wird ESI vorwiegend für empfindliche, komplexe Moleküle in der Biologie und Medizin eingesetzt. Überdies ist sie allerdings für ein sehr breites Spektrum an Substanzklassen anwendbar. Die IM-Spektrometrie wurde ursprünglich zur Detektion gasförmiger Proben entwickelt, die hauptsächlich durch radioaktive Quellen ionisiert werden. Sie ist die einzige analytische Methode, bei der Isomere in Echtzeit getrennt und über ihre charakteristische IM direkt identifiziert werden können. ESI wurde in den 90ger Jahren durch die Hill Gruppe in die IM-Spektrometrie eingeführt. Die Kombination wird bisher jedoch nur von wenigen Gruppen verwendet und hat deshalb noch ein hohes Entwick-lungspotential. Ein vielversprechendes Anwendungsfeld ist der Einsatz in der Hochleistungs-flüssigkeitschromatographie (HPLC) zur mehrdimensionalen Trennung. Heutzutage ist die HPLC die Standardmethode zur Trennung komplexer Proben in der Routineanalytik. HPLC-Trennungsgänge sind jedoch häufig langwierig und der Einsatz verschiedener Laufmittel, hoher Flussraten, von Puffern, sowie Laufmittelgradienten stellt hohe Anforderungen an die Detektoren. Die ESI-IM-Spektrometrie wurde in einigen Studien bereits als HPLC-Detektor eingesetzt, war dort bisher jedoch auf Flussratensplitting oder geringe Flussraten des Laufmittels beschränkt. In dieser kumulativen Doktorarbeit konnte daher erstmals ein ESI IM-Spektrometer als HPLC-Detektor für den Flussratenbereich von 200-1500 μl/min entwickelt werden. Anhand von fünf Publi-kationen wurden (1) über eine umfassende Charakterisierung die Eignung des Spektrometers als HPLC-Detektor festgestellt, (2) ausgewählte komplexe Trenngänge präsentiert und (3) die Anwen-dung zum Reaktionsmonitoring und (4, 5) mögliche Weiterentwicklungen gezeigt. Erfolgreich konnten mit dem selbst-entwickelten ESI IM-Spektrometer typische HPLC-Bedingungen wie Wassergehalte im Laufmittel von bis zu 90%, Pufferkonzentrationen von bis zu 10 mM, sowie Nachweisgrenzen von bis zu 50 nM erreicht werden. Weiterhin wurde anhand der komplexen Trennungsgänge (24 Pestizide/18 Aminosäuren) gezeigt, dass die HPLC und die IM-Spektrometrie eine hohe Orthogonalität besitzen. Eine effektive Peakkapazität von 240 wurde so realisiert. Auf der HPLC-Säule koeluierende Substanzen konnten über die Driftzeit getrennt und über ihre IM identifi-ziert werden, sodass die Gesamttrennzeiten erheblich minimiert werden konnten. Die Anwend-barkeit des ESI IM-Spektrometers zur Überwachung chemischer Synthesen wurde anhand einer dreistufigen Reaktion demonstriert. Es konnten die wichtigsten Edukte, Zwischenprodukte und Produkte aller Stufen identifiziert werden. Eine quantitative Auswertung war sowohl über eine kurze HPLC-Vortrennung als auch durch die Entwicklung eines eigenen Kalibrierverfahrens, welches die Ladungskonkurrenz bei ESI berücksichtigt, ohne HPLC möglich. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit werden zwei Weiterentwicklungen des Spektrometers präsentiert. Eine Möglichkeit ist die Reduzierung des Drucks in den intermediären Bereich (300 - 1000 mbar) mit dem Ziel der Verringerung der benötigten Spannungen. Mithilfe von Streulichtbildern und Strom-Spannungs-Kurven wurden für geringe Drücke eine verminderte Freisetzung der Analyt-Ionen aus den Tropfen festgestellt. Die Verluste konnten jedoch über höhere elektrische Feldstärken ausgeglichen werden, sodass gleiche Nachweisgrenzen bei 500 mbar und bei 1 bar erreicht wurden. Die zweite Weiterentwicklung ist ein neuartiges Ionentors mit Pulsschaltung, welches eine Verdopplung der Auflösung auf bis zu R > 100 bei gleicher Sensitivität ermöglichte. Eine denkbare Anwendung im Bereich der Peptidanalytik wurde mit beachtlichen Auflösungen der Peptide von R = 90 gezeigt. 2017 viii, 113, XIV urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407452 Institut für Chemie OPUS4-40043 misc Zwickel, Theresa; Kahl, Sandra M.; Klaffke, Horst; Rychlik, Michael; Müller, Marina E. H. Spotlight on the underdogs Alternaria (A.) is a genus of widespread fungi capable of producing numerous, possibly health-endangering Alternaria toxins (ATs), which are usually not the focus of attention. The formation of ATs depends on the species and complex interactions of various environmental factors and is not fully understood. In this study the influence of temperature (7 °C, 25 °C), substrate (rice, wheat kernels) and incubation time (4, 7, and 14 days) on the production of thirteen ATs and three sulfoconjugated ATs by three different Alternaria isolates from the species groups A. tenuissima and A. infectoria was determined. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was used for quantification. Under nearly all conditions, tenuazonic acid was the most extensively produced toxin. At 25 °C and with increasing incubation time all toxins were formed in high amounts by the two A. tenuissima strains on both substrates with comparable mycotoxin profiles. However, for some of the toxins, stagnation or a decrease in production was observed from day 7 to 14. As opposed to the A. tenuissima strains, the A. infectoria strain only produced low amounts of ATs, but high concentrations of stemphyltoxin III. The results provide an essential insight into the quantitative in vitro AT formation under different environmental conditions, potentially transferable to different field and storage conditions 2017 17 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-400438 Institut für Biochemie und Biologie OPUS4-41257 Dissertation Zuo, Zhe From unstructured to structured: Context-based named entity mining from text With recent advances in the area of information extraction, automatically extracting structured information from a vast amount of unstructured textual data becomes an important task, which is infeasible for humans to capture all information manually. Named entities (e.g., persons, organizations, and locations), which are crucial components in texts, are usually the subjects of structured information from textual documents. Therefore, the task of named entity mining receives much attention. It consists of three major subtasks, which are named entity recognition, named entity linking, and relation extraction. These three tasks build up an entire pipeline of a named entity mining system, where each of them has its challenges and can be employed for further applications. As a fundamental task in the natural language processing domain, studies on named entity recognition have a long history, and many existing approaches produce reliable results. The task is aiming to extract mentions of named entities in text and identify their types. Named entity linking recently received much attention with the development of knowledge bases that contain rich information about entities. The goal is to disambiguate mentions of named entities and to link them to the corresponding entries in a knowledge base. Relation extraction, as the final step of named entity mining, is a highly challenging task, which is to extract semantic relations between named entities, e.g., the ownership relation between two companies. In this thesis, we review the state-of-the-art of named entity mining domain in detail, including valuable features, techniques, evaluation methodologies, and so on. Furthermore, we present two of our approaches that focus on the named entity linking and relation extraction tasks separately. To solve the named entity linking task, we propose the entity linking technique, BEL, which operates on a textual range of relevant terms and aggregates decisions from an ensemble of simple classifiers. Each of the classifiers operates on a randomly sampled subset of the above range. In extensive experiments on hand-labeled and benchmark datasets, our approach outperformed state-of-the-art entity linking techniques, both in terms of quality and efficiency. For the task of relation extraction, we focus on extracting a specific group of difficult relation types, business relations between companies. These relations can be used to gain valuable insight into the interactions between companies and perform complex analytics, such as predicting risk or valuating companies. Our semi-supervised strategy can extract business relations between companies based on only a few user-provided seed company pairs. By doing so, we also provide a solution for the problem of determining the direction of asymmetric relations, such as the ownership_of relation. We improve the reliability of the extraction process by using a holistic pattern identification method, which classifies the generated extraction patterns. Our experiments show that we can accurately and reliably extract new entity pairs occurring in the target relation by using as few as five labeled seed pairs. 2017 vii, 112 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412576 Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering GmbH OPUS4-43342 misc Zohsel, Katrin; Hohm, Erika; Schmidt, Martin H.; Brandeis, Daniel; Banaschewski, Tobias; Laucht, Manfred Langfristige Folgen früher psychosozialer Risiken In einer prospektiven Längsschnittstudie wurden Auswirkungen früher psychosozialer Risiken bis ins junge Erwachsenenalter untersucht und dabei die Rolle von affektiver und behavioraler Dysregulation im Kindesalter als vermittelndem Faktor überprüft. Drei Monate nach der Geburt wurde das Vorliegen von 11 psychosozialen Belastungsfaktoren erfasst. Im Alter von 8 - 15 Jahren wurde dreimal das Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulationsprofil (CBCL-DP) erhoben. Mit 25 Jahren wurde ein Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview durchgeführt und 309 der Teilnehmer füllten den Young Adult Self-Report aus. Frühe psychosoziale Risiken gingen mit einem erhöhten Risiko für das Vorliegen eines Substanzmissbrauchs im jungen Erwachsenenalter sowie mit erhöhtem externalisierendem und internalisierendem Problemverhalten einher. Der Zusammenhang zwischen frühen psychosozialen Risiken und späterem externalisierendem bzw. internalisierendem Problemverhalten wurde durch das CBCL-DP vermittelt. 2017 9 Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe 609 203 209 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433424 10.25932/publishup-43342 Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät OPUS4-43353 misc Zohsel, Katrin; Hohm, Erika; Schmidt, Martin H.; Brandeis, Daniel; Banaschewski, Tobias; Laucht, Manfred Die langfristigen Auswirkungen von Frühgeburtlichkeit auf kognitive Entwicklung und Schulerfolg In einer prospektiven Längsschnittstudie wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen früher Responsivität der Mutter und kognitiver Entwicklung ihrer früh- bzw. reifgeborenen Kinder untersucht. Im Alter von drei Monaten wurde dafür die Mutter-Kind-Interaktion mittels Verhaltensbeobachtung erfasst. Bei n=351 der teilnehmenden Kinder (101 frühgeboren) wurde die allgemeine Intelligenz (IQ) im Alter von 11 Jahren und bei n=313 (85 frühgeboren) zusätzlich der höchste erreichte Schulabschluss bis 25 Jahren erhoben. Frühgeborene wiesen mit 11 Jahren einen signifikant niedrigeren IQ als Reifgeborene auf, nachdem für mögliche konfundierende Faktoren kontrolliert worden war. Nur bei Früh-, nicht aber bei Reifgeborenen zeigte sich ein signifikanter positiver Zusammenhang zwischen mütterlicher Responsivität und IQ. Für die Wahrscheinlichkeit einen höheren Schulabschluss (mind. Fachabitur) zu erreichen, fand sich weder ein signifikanter Effekt von Frühgeburtlichkeit noch von mütterlicher Responsivität. 2017 11 Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe 701 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433536 10.25932/publishup-43353 Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät OPUS4-41713 misc Zimmermann, Heike Hildegard; Raschke, Elena; Epp, Laura Saskia; Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen Rosemarie; Schwamborn, Georg; Schirrmeister, Lutz; Overduin, Pier Paul; Herzschuh, Ulrike Sedimentary ancient DNA and pollen reveal the composition of plant organic matter in Late Quaternary permafrost sediments of the Buor Khaya Peninsula (north-eastern Siberia) Organic matter deposited in ancient, ice-rich permafrost sediments is vulnerable to climate change and may contribute to the future release of greenhouse gases; it is thus important to get a better characterization of the plant organic matter within such sediments. From a Late Quaternary permafrost sediment core from the Buor Khaya Peninsula, we analysed plant-derived sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) to identify the taxonomic composition of plant organic matter, and undertook palynological analysis to assess the environmental conditions during deposition. Using sedaDNA, we identified 154 taxa and from pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs we identified 83 taxa. In the deposits dated between 54 and 51 kyr BP, sedaDNA records a diverse low-centred polygon plant community including recurring aquatic pond vegetation while from the pollen record we infer terrestrial open-land vegetation with relatively dry environmental conditions at a regional scale. A fluctuating dominance of either terrestrial or swamp and aquatic taxa in both proxies allowed the local hydrological development of the polygon to be traced. In deposits dated between 11.4 and 9.7 kyr BP (13.4-11.1 cal kyr BP), sedaDNA shows a taxonomic turnover to moist shrub tundra and a lower taxonomic richness compared to the older samples. Pollen also records a shrub tundra community, mostly seen as changes in relative proportions of the most dominant taxa, while a decrease in taxonomic richness was less pronounced compared to sedaDNA. Our results show the advantages of using sedaDNA in combination with palynological analyses when macrofossils are rarely preserved. The high resolution of the sedaDNA record provides a detailed picture of the taxonomic composition of plant-derived organic matter throughout the core, and palynological analyses prove valuable by allowing for inferences of regional environmental conditions. 2017 22 Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe 670 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417130 10.25932/publishup-41713 Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät OPUS4-40383 Dissertation Ziegler, Moritz O. The 3D in-situ stress field and its changes in geothermal reservoirs Information on the contemporary in-situ stress state of the earth's crust is essential for geotechnical applications and physics-based seismic hazard assessment. Yet, stress data records for a data point are incomplete and their availability is usually not dense enough to allow conclusive statements. This demands a thorough examination of the in-situ stress field which is achieved by 3D geomechanicalnumerical models. However, the models spatial resolution is limited and the resulting local stress state is subject to large uncertainties that confine the significance of the findings. In addition, temporal variations of the in-situ stress field are naturally or anthropogenically induced. In my thesis I address these challenges in three manuscripts that investigate (1) the current crustal stress field orientation, (2) the 3D geomechanical-numerical modelling of the in-situ stress state, and (3) the phenomenon of injection induced temporal stress tensor rotations. In the first manuscript I present the first comprehensive stress data compilation of Iceland with 495 data records. Therefore, I analysed image logs from 57 boreholes in Iceland for indicators of the orientation of the maximum horizontal stress component. The study is the first stress survey from different kinds of stress indicators in a geologically very young and tectonically active area of an onshore spreading ridge. It reveals a distinct stress field with a depth independent stress orientation even very close to the spreading centre. In the second manuscript I present a calibrated 3D geomechanical-numerical modelling approach of the in-situ stress state of the Bavarian Molasse Basin that investigates the regional (70x70x10km³) and local (10x10x10km³) stress state. To link these two models I develop a multi-stage modelling approach that provides a reliable and efficient method to derive from the larger scale model initial and boundary conditions for the smaller scale model. Furthermore, I quantify the uncertainties in the models results which are inherent to geomechanical-numerical modelling in general and the multi-stage approach in particular. I show that the significance of the models results is mainly reduced due to the uncertainties in the material properties and the low number of available stress magnitude data records for calibration. In the third manuscript I investigate the phenomenon of injection induced temporal stress tensor rotation and its controlling factors. I conduct a sensitivity study with a 3D generic thermo-hydro-mechanical model. I show that the key control factors for the stress tensor rotation are the permeability as the decisive factor, the injection rate, and the initial differential stress. In particular for enhanced geothermal systems with a low permeability large rotations of the stress tensor are indicated. According to these findings the estimation of the initial differential stress in a reservoir is possible provided the permeability is known and the angle of stress rotation is observed. I propose that the stress tensor rotations can be a key factor in terms of the potential for induced seismicity on pre-existing faults due to the reorientation of the stress field that changes the optimal orientation of faults. 2017 VIII, 110, XV urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-403838 Institut für Geowissenschaften OPUS4-41057 Dissertation Zieger, Tobias Self-adaptive data quality Carrying out business processes successfully is closely linked to the quality of the data inventory in an organization. Lacks in data quality lead to problems: Incorrect address data prevents (timely) shipments to customers. Erroneous orders lead to returns and thus to unnecessary effort. Wrong pricing forces companies to miss out on revenues or to impair customer satisfaction. If orders or customer records cannot be retrieved, complaint management takes longer. Due to erroneous inventories, too few or too much supplies might be reordered. A special problem with data quality and the reason for many of the issues mentioned above are duplicates in databases. Duplicates are different representations of same real-world objects in a dataset. However, these representations differ from each other and are for that reason hard to match by a computer. Moreover, the number of required comparisons to find those duplicates grows with the square of the dataset size. To cleanse the data, these duplicates must be detected and removed. Duplicate detection is a very laborious process. To achieve satisfactory results, appropriate software must be created and configured (similarity measures, partitioning keys, thresholds, etc.). Both requires much manual effort and experience. This thesis addresses automation of parameter selection for duplicate detection and presents several novel approaches that eliminate the need for human experience in parts of the duplicate detection process. A pre-processing step is introduced that analyzes the datasets in question and classifies their attributes semantically. Not only do these annotations help understanding the respective datasets, but they also facilitate subsequent steps, for example, by selecting appropriate similarity measures or normalizing the data upfront. This approach works without schema information. Following that, we show a partitioning technique that strongly reduces the number of pair comparisons for the duplicate detection process. The approach automatically finds particularly suitable partitioning keys that simultaneously allow for effective and efficient duplicate retrieval. By means of a user study, we demonstrate that this technique finds partitioning keys that outperform expert suggestions and additionally does not need manual configuration. Furthermore, this approach can be applied independently of the attribute types. To measure the success of a duplicate detection process and to execute the described partitioning approach, a gold standard is required that provides information about the actual duplicates in a training dataset. This thesis presents a technique that uses existing duplicate detection results and crowdsourcing to create a near gold standard that can be used for the purposes above. Another part of the thesis describes and evaluates strategies how to reduce these crowdsourcing costs and to achieve a consensus with less effort. 2017 vii, 125 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-410573 Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering GmbH OPUS4-41710 misc Zibulski, Romy; Wesener, Felix; Wilkes, Heinz; Plessen, Birgit; Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna; Herzschuh, Ulrike C / N ratio, stable isotope (δ 13 C, δ 15 N), and n-alkane patterns of brown mosses along hydrological gradients of low-centred polygons of the Siberian Arctic Mosses are a major component of the arctic vegetation, particularly in wetlands. We present C / N atomic ratio, delta C-13 and delta N-15 data of 400 brown-moss samples belonging to 10 species that were collected along hydrological gradients within polygonal mires located on the southern Taymyr Peninsula and the Lena River delta in northern Siberia. Additionally, n-alkane patterns of six of these species (16 samples) were investigated. The aim of the study is to see whether the inter-and intraspecific differences in C / N, isotopic compositions and n-alkanes are indicative of habitat, particularly with respect to water level. Overall, we find high variability in all investigated parameters for two different moisture-related groups of moss species. The C / N ratios range between 11 and 53 (median: 32) and show large variations at the intraspecific level. However, species preferring a dry habitat (xero-mesophilic mosses) show higher C / N ratios than those preferring a wet habitat (meso-hygrophilic mosses). The delta C-13 values range between 37.0 and 22.5% (median D 27.8 %). The delta N-15 values range between 6.6 and C 1.7%(median D 2.2 %). We find differences in delta C-13 and delta N-15 compositions between both habitat types. For some species of the meso-hygrophilic group, we suggest that a relationship between the individ-ual habitat water level and isotopic composition can be inferred as a function of microbial symbiosis. The n-alkane distribution also shows differences primarily between xeromesophilic and meso-hygrophilic mosses, i. e. having a dominance of n-alkanes with long (n-C29, n-C31 /and intermediate (n-C25 /chain lengths, respectively. Overall, our results reveal that C / N ratios, isotopic signals and n-alkanes of studied brown-moss taxa from polygonal wetlands are characteristic of their habitat. 2017 14 Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe 672 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417104 10.25932/publishup-41710 Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät OPUS4-40387 misc Zhu, Fangjun; Schlupp, Ingo; Tiedemann, Ralph Allele-specific expression at the androgen receptor alpha gene in a hybrid unisexual fish, the Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa) The all-female Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa) is the result of a hybridization of the Atlantic molly (P. mexicana) and the sailfin molly (P. latipinna) approximately 120,000 years ago. As a gynogenetic species, P. formosa needs to copulate with heterospecific males including males from one of its bisexual ancestral species. However, the sperm only triggers embryogenesis of the diploid eggs. The genetic information of the sperm donor typically will not contribute to the next generation of P. formosa. Hence, P. formosa possesses generally one allele from each of its ancestral species at any genetic locus. This raises the question whether both ancestral alleles are equally expressed in P. formosa. Allele-specific expression (ASE) has been previously assessed in various organisms, e.g., human and fish, and ASE was found to be important in the context of phenotypic variability and disease. In this study, we utilized Real-Time PCR techniques to estimate ASE of the androgen receptor alpha (arα) gene in several distinct tissues of Amazon mollies. We found an allelic bias favoring the maternal ancestor (P. mexicana) allele in ovarian tissue. This allelic bias was not observed in the gill or the brain tissue. Sequencing of the promoter regions of both alleles revealed an association between an Indel in a known CpG island and differential expression. Future studies may reveal whether our observed cis-regulatory divergence is caused by an ovary-specific trans-regulatory element, preferentially activating the allele of the maternal ancestor. 2017 14 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-403875 Institut für Biochemie und Biologie OPUS4-40438 Dissertation Zhou, Bin On the assessment of surface urban heat island Inwiefern Städte unter den Megatrends der Urbanisierung und des Klimawandels nachhaltig gestaltet werden können, bleibt umstritten. Dies ist zum Teil auf unzureichende Kenntnisse der Mensch-Umwelt-Interaktionen zurückzuführen. Als die am vollständigsten dokumentierte anthropogene Klimamodifikation ruft der Urbane Hitzeinsel (UHI) Effekt weltweit Sorgen hinsichtlich der Gesundheit der Bevölkerung hervor. Dazu kommt noch ein immer häufigeres und intensiveres Auftreten von Hitzewellen, wodurch das Wohlbefinden der Stadtbewohner weiter beeinträchtigt wird. Trotz eines deutlichen Anstiegs der Zahl der UHI-bezogenen Veröffentlichungen in den letzten Jahrzehnten haben die unterschiedlichen Definitionen von städtischen und ländlichen Gebieten in bisherigen Studien die allgemeine Vergleichbarkeit der Resultate stark erschwert. Darüber hinaus haben nur wenige Studien den UHI-Effekt und seine Einflussfaktoren anhand einer Kombination der Landnutzungsdaten und der thermischen Fernerkundung systematisch untersucht. Diese Arbeit stellt einen allgemeinen Rahmen zur Quantifizierung von UHI-Intensitäten mittels eines automatisierten Algorithmus vor, wobei Städte als Agglomerationen maximal räumlicher Kontinuität basierend auf Landnutzungsdaten identifiziert, sowie deren ländliche Umfelder analog definiert werden. Durch Verknüpfung der Landnutzungsdaten mit Landoberflächentemperaturen von Satelliten kann die UHI-Intensität robust und konsistent berechnet werden. Anhand dieser Innovation wurde nicht nur der Zusammenhang zwischen Stadtgröße und UHI-Intensität erneut untersucht, sondern auch die Auswirkungen der Stadtform auf die UHI-Intensität quantifiziert. Diese Arbeit leistet vielfältige Beiträge zum tieferen Verständnis des UHI-Phänomens. Erstens wurde eine log-lineare Beziehung zwischen UHI-Intensität und Stadtgröße unter Berücksichtigung der 5,000 europäischen Städte bestätigt. Werden kleinere Städte auch berücksichtigt, ergibt sich eine log-logistische Beziehung. Zweitens besteht ein komplexes Zusammenspiel zwischen der Stadtform und der UHI-Intensität: die Stadtgröße stellt den stärksten Einfluss auf die UHI-Intensität dar, gefolgt von der fraktalen Dimension und der Anisometrie. Allerdings zeigen ihre relativen Beiträge zur UHI-Intensität eine regionale Heterogenität, welche die Bedeutung räumlicher Muster während der Umsetzung von UHI-Anpassungsmaßnahmen hervorhebt. Des Weiteren ergibt sich eine neue Saisonalität der UHI-Intensität für individuelle Städte in Form von Hysteresekurven, die eine Phasenverschiebung zwischen den Zeitreihen der UHI-Intensität und der Hintergrundtemperatur andeutet. Diese Saisonalität wurde anhand von Luft- und Landoberflächentemperaturen untersucht, indem die Satellitenbeobachtung und die Modellierung der urbanen Grenzschicht mittels des UrbClim-Modells kombiniert wurden. Am Beispiel von London ist die Diskrepanz der Saisonalitäten zwischen den beiden Temperaturen vor allem auf die mit der einfallenden Sonnenstrahlung verbundene Besonderheit der Landoberflächentemperatur zurückzuführen. Darüber hinaus spielt das regionale Klima eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entwicklung der UHI. Diese Arbeit ist eine der ersten Studien dieser Art, die eine systematische und statistische Untersuchung des UHI-Effektes ermöglicht. Die Ergebnisse sind von besonderer Bedeutung für die allgemeine räumliche Planung und Regulierung auf Meso- und Makroebenen, damit sich Vorteile der rapiden Urbanisierung nutzbar machen und zeitgleich die folgende Hitzebelastung proaktiv vermindern lassen. 2017 xiii, 119 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404383 Institut für Geowissenschaften OPUS4-40060 misc Zehbe, Kerstin; Kollosche, Matthias; Lardong, Sebastian; Kelling, Alexandra; Schilde, Uwe; Taubert, Andreas Ionogels based on poly(methyl methacrylate) and metal-containing ionic liquids Ionogels (IGs) based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and the metal-containing ionic liquids (ILs) bis-1-butyl-3-methlimidazolium tetrachloridocuprate(II), tetrachloride cobaltate(II), and tetrachlorido manganate(II) have been synthesized and their mechanical and electrical properties have been correlated with their microstructure. Unlike many previous examples, the current IGs show a decreasing stability in stress-strain experiments on increasing IL fractions. The conductivities of the current IGs are lower than those observed in similar examples in the literature. Both effects are caused by a two-phase structure with micrometer-sized IL-rich domains homogeneously dispersed an IL-deficient continuous PMMA phase. This study demonstrates that the IL-polymer miscibility and the morphology of the IGs are key parameters to control the (macroscopic) properties of IGs. 2017 16 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-400607 Institut für Chemie OPUS4-40218 misc Zaks, Michael A.; Pikovskij, Arkadij Chimeras and complex cluster states in arrays of spin-torque oscillators We consider synchronization properties of arrays of spin-torque nano-oscillators coupled via an RC load. We show that while the fully synchronized state of identical oscillators may be locally stable in some parameter range, this synchrony is not globally attracting. Instead, regimes of different levels of compositional complexity are observed. These include chimera states (a part of the array forms a cluster while other units are desynchronized), clustered chimeras (several clusters plus desynchronized oscillators), cluster state (all oscillators form several clusters), and partial synchronization (no clusters but a nonvanishing mean field). Dynamically, these states are also complex, demonstrating irregular and close to quasiperiodic modulation. Remarkably, when heterogeneity of spin-torque oscillators is taken into account, dynamical complexity even increases: close to the onset of a macroscopic mean field, the dynamics of this field is rather irregular. 2017 10 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-402180 Institut für Physik und Astronomie OPUS4-47464 misc Yarman, Aysu; Jetzschmann, Katharina J.; Neumann, Bettina; Zhang, Xiaorong; Wollenberger, Ulla; Cordin, Aude; Haupt, Karsten; Scheller, Frieder W. Enzymes as tools in MIP-sensors Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have the potential to complement antibodies in bioanalysis, are more stable under harsh conditions, and are potentially cheaper to produce. However, the affinity and especially the selectivity of MIPs are in general lower than those of their biological pendants. Enzymes are useful tools for the preparation of MIPs for both low and high-molecular weight targets: As a green alternative to the well-established methods of chemical polymerization, enzyme-initiated polymerization has been introduced and the removal of protein templates by proteases has been successfully applied. Furthermore, MIPs have been coupled with enzymes in order to enhance the analytical performance of biomimetic sensors: Enzymes have been used in MIP-sensors as tracers for the generation and amplification of the measuring signal. In addition, enzymatic pretreatment of an analyte can extend the analyte spectrum and eliminate interferences. 2017 18 Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe 1098 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-474642 10.25932/publishup-47464 Institut für Biochemie und Biologie OPUS4-43196 misc Wurzbacher, Christian; Fuchs, Andrea; Attermeyer, Katrin; Frindte, Katharina; Grossart, Hans-Peter; Hupfer, Michael; Casper, Peter; Monaghan, Michael T. Shifts among Eukaryota, Bacteria, and Archaea define the vertical organization of a lake sediment Background Lake sediments harbor diverse microbial communities that cycle carbon and nutrients while being constantly colonized and potentially buried by organic matter sinking from the water column. The interaction of activity and burial remained largely unexplored in aquatic sediments. We aimed to relate taxonomic composition to sediment biogeochemical parameters, test whether community turnover with depth resulted from taxonomic replacement or from richness effects, and to provide a basic model for the vertical community structure in sediments. Methods We analyzed four replicate sediment cores taken from 30-m depth in oligo-mesotrophic Lake Stechlin in northern Germany. Each 30-cm core spanned ca. 170 years of sediment accumulation according to 137Cs dating and was sectioned into layers 1-4 cm thick. We examined a full suite of biogeochemical parameters and used DNA metabarcoding to examine community composition of microbial Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota. Results Community β-diversity indicated nearly complete turnover within the uppermost 30 cm. We observed a pronounced shift from Eukaryota- and Bacteria-dominated upper layers (<5 cm) to Bacteria-dominated intermediate layers (5-14 cm) and to deep layers (>14 cm) dominated by enigmatic Archaea that typically occur in deep-sea sediments. Taxonomic replacement was the prevalent mechanism in structuring the community composition and was linked to parameters indicative of microbial activity (e.g., CO2 and CH4 concentration, bacterial protein production). Richness loss played a lesser role but was linked to conservative parameters (e.g., C, N, P) indicative of past conditions. Conclusions By including all three domains, we were able to directly link the exponential decay of eukaryotes with the active sediment microbial community. The dominance of Archaea in deeper layers confirms earlier findings from marine systems and establishes freshwater sediments as a potential low-energy environment, similar to deep sea sediments. We propose a general model of sediment structure and function based on microbial characteristics and burial processes. An upper "replacement horizon" is dominated by rapid taxonomic turnover with depth, high microbial activity, and biotic interactions. A lower "depauperate horizon" is characterized by low taxonomic richness, more stable "low-energy" conditions, and a dominance of enigmatic Archaea. 2017 18 Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe 1111 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431965 10.25932/publishup-43196 Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät OPUS4-40144 misc Wolff, Wanja; Brand, Ralf; Baumgarten, Franz; Lösel, Johanna; Ziegler, Matthias Modeling students' instrumental (mis-)use of substances to enhance cognitive performance Background: Healthy university students have been shown to use psychoactive substances, expecting them to be functional means for enhancing their cognitive capacity, sometimes over and above an essentially proficient level. This behavior called Neuroenhancement (NE) has not yet been integrated into a behavioral theory that is able to predict performance. Job Demands Resources (JD-R) Theory for example assumes that strain (e.g. burnout) will occur and influence performance when job demands are high and job resources are limited at the same time. The aim of this study is to investigate whether or not university students' self-reported NE can be integrated into JD-R Theory's comprehensive approach to psychological health and performance. Methods: 1,007 students (23.56 ± 3.83 years old, 637 female) participated in an online survey. Lifestyle drug, prescription drug, and illicit substance NE together with the complete set of JD-R variables (demands, burnout, resources, motivation, and performance) were measured. Path models were used in order to test our data's fit to hypothesized main effects and interactions. Results: JD-R Theory could successfully be applied to describe the situation of university students. NE was mainly associated with the JD-R Theory's health impairment process: Lifestyle drug NE (p < .05) as well as prescription drug NE (p < .001) is associated with higher burnout scores, and lifestyle drug NE aggravates the study demands-burnout interaction. In addition, prescription drug NE mitigates the protective influence of resources on burnout and on motivation. Conclusion: According to our results, the uninformed trying of NE (i.e., without medical supervision) might result in strain. Increased strain is related to decreased performance. From a public health perspective, intervention strategies should address these costs of non-supervised NE. With regard to future research we propose to model NE as a means to reach an end (i.e. performance enhancement) rather than a target behavior itself. This is necessary to provide a deeper understanding of the behavioral roots and consequences of the phenomenon. 2017 11 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401441 Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften OPUS4-40269 misc Wolf, Thomas J. A.; Holzmeier, Fabian; Wagner, Isabella; Berrah, Nora; Bostedt, Christoph; Bozek, John; Bucksbaum, Philip H.; Coffee, Ryan; Cryan, James; Farrell, Joe; Feifel, Raimund; Martinez, Todd J.; McFarland, Brian; Mucke, Melanie; Nandi, Saikat; Tarantelli, Francesco; Fischer, Ingo; Gühr, Markus Observing Femtosecond Fragmentation Using Ultrafast X-ray-Induced Auger Spectra Molecules often fragment after photoionization in the gas phase. Usually, this process can only be investigated spectroscopically as long as there exists electron correlation between the photofragments. Important parameters, like their kinetic energy after separation, cannot be investigated. We are reporting on a femtosecond time-resolved Auger electron spectroscopy study concerning the photofragmentation dynamics of thymine. We observe the appearance of clearly distinguishable signatures from thymine′s neutral photofragment isocyanic acid. Furthermore, we observe a time-dependent shift of its spectrum, which we can attribute to the influence of the charged fragment on the Auger electron. This allows us to map our time-dependent dataset onto the fragmentation coordinate. The time dependence of the shift supports efficient transformation of the excess energy gained from photoionization into kinetic energy of the fragments. Our method is broadly applicable to the investigation of photofragmentation processes. 2017 11 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-402692 Institut für Physik und Astronomie OPUS4-39736 Dissertation Wolf, Julia Schadenserkennung in Beton durch Überwachung mit eingebetteten Ultraschallprüfköpfen Die zerstörungsfreien Prüfungen von Bauwerken mit Hilfe von Ultraschallmessverfahren haben in den letzten Jahren an Bedeutung gewonnen. Durch Ultraschallmessungen können die Geometrien von Bauteilen bestimmt sowie von außen nicht sichtbare Fehler wie Delaminationen und Kiesnester erkannt werden. Mit neuartigen, in das Betonbauteil eingebetteten Ultraschallprüfköpfen sollen nun Bauwerke dauerhaft auf Veränderungen überprüft werden. Dazu werden Ultraschallsignale direkt im Inneren eines Bauteils erzeugt, was die Möglichkeiten der herkömmlichen Methoden der Bauwerksüberwachung wesentlich erweitert. Ein Ultraschallverfahren könnte mit eingebetteten Prüfköpfen ein Betonbauteil kontinuierlich integral überwachen und damit auch stetig fortschreitende Gefügeänderungen, wie beispielsweise Mikrorisse, registrieren. Sicherheitsrelevante Bauteile, die nach dem Einbau für Messungen unzugänglich oder mittels Ultraschall, beispielsweise durch zusätzliche Beschichtungen der Oberfläche, nicht prüfbar sind, lassen sich mit eingebetteten Prüfköpfen überwachen. An bereits vorhandenen Bauwerken können die Ultraschallprüfköpfe mithilfe von Bohrlöchern und speziellem Verpressmörtel auch nachträglich in das Bauteil integriert werden. Für Fertigbauteile bieten sich eingebettete Prüfköpfe zur Herstellungskontrolle sowie zur Überwachung der Baudurchführung als Werkzeug der Qualitätssicherung an. Auch die schnelle Schadensanalyse eines Bauwerks nach Naturkatastrophen, wie beispielsweise einem Erdbeben oder einer Flut, ist denkbar. Durch die gute Ankopplung ermöglichen diese neuartigen Prüfköpfe den Einsatz von empfindlichen Auswertungsmethoden, wie die Kreuzkorrelation, die Coda-Wellen-Interferometrie oder die Amplitudenauswertung, für die Signalanalyse. Bei regelmäßigen Messungen können somit sich anbahnende Schäden eines Bauwerks frühzeitig erkannt werden. Da die Schädigung eines Bauwerks keine direkt messbare Größe darstellt, erfordert eine eindeutige Schadenserkennung in der Regel die Messung mehrerer physikalischer Größen die geeignet verknüpft werden. Physikalische Größen können sein: Ultraschalllaufzeit, Amplitude des Ultraschallsignals und Umgebungstemperatur. Dazu müssen Korrelationen zwischen dem Zustand des Bauwerks, den Umgebungsbedingungen und den Parametern des gemessenen Ultraschallsignals untersucht werden. In dieser Arbeit werden die neuartigen Prüfköpfe vorgestellt. Es wird beschrieben, dass sie sich, sowohl in bereits errichtete Betonbauwerke als auch in der Konstruktion befindliche, einbauen lassen. Experimentell wird gezeigt, dass die Prüfköpfe in mehreren Ebenen eingebettet sein können da ihre Abstrahlcharakteristik im Beton nahezu ungerichtet ist. Die Mittenfrequenz von rund 62 kHz ermöglicht Abstände, je nach Betonart und SRV, von mindestens 3 m zwischen Prüfköpfen die als Sender und Empfänger arbeiten. Die Empfindlichkeit der eingebetteten Prüfköpfe gegenüber Veränderungen im Beton wird an Hand von zwei Laborexperimenten gezeigt, einem Drei-Punkt-Biegeversuch und einem Versuch zur Erzeugung von Frost-Tau-Wechsel Schäden. Die Ergebnisse werden mit anderen zerstörungsfreien Prüfverfahren verglichen. Es zeigt sich, dass die Prüfköpfe durch die Anwendung empfindlicher Auswertemethoden, auftretende Risse im Beton detektieren, bevor diese eine Gefahr für das Bauwerk darstellen. Abschließend werden Beispiele von Installation der neuartigen Ultraschallprüfköpfe in realen Bauteilen, zwei Brücken und einem Fundament, gezeigt und basierend auf dort gewonnenen ersten Erfahrungen ein Konzept für die Umsetzung einer Langzeitüberwachung aufgestellt. 2017 ix, 142 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-397363 Institut für Geowissenschaften OPUS4-40459 Dissertation Wittenbecher, Clemens Linking whole-grain bread, coffee, and red meat to the risk of type 2 diabetes Background: Consumption of whole-grain, coffee, and red meat were consistently related to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in prospective cohort studies, but potentially underlying biological mechanisms are not well understood. Metabolomics profiles were shown to be sensitive to these dietary exposures, and at the same time to be informative with respect to the risk of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, graphical network-models were demonstrated to reflect the biological processes underlying high-dimensional metabolomics profiles. Aim: The aim of this study was to infer hypotheses on the biological mechanisms that link consumption of whole-grain bread, coffee, and red meat, respectively, to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. More specifically, it was aimed to consider network models of amino acid and lipid profiles as potential mediators of these risk-relations. Study population: Analyses were conducted in the prospective EPIC-Potsdam cohort (n = 27,548), applying a nested case-cohort design (n = 2731, including 692 incident diabetes cases). Habitual diet was assessed with validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires. Concentrations of 126 metabolites (acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, amino acids) were determined in baseline-serum samples. Incident type 2 diabetes cases were assed and validated in an active follow-up procedure. The median follow-up time was 6.6 years. Analytical design: The methodological approach was conceptually based on counterfactual causal inference theory. Observations on the network-encoded conditional independence structure restricted the space of possible causal explanations of observed metabolomics-data patterns. Given basic directionality assumptions (diet affects metabolism; metabolism affects future diabetes incidence), adjustment for a subset of direct neighbours was sufficient to consistently estimate network-independent direct effects. Further model-specification, however, was limited due to missing directionality information on the links between metabolites. Therefore, a multi-model approach was applied to infer the bounds of possible direct effects. All metabolite-exposure links and metabolite-outcome links, respectively, were classified into one of three categories: direct effect, ambiguous (some models indicated an effect others not), and no-effect. Cross-sectional and longitudinal relations were evaluated in multivariable-adjusted linear regression and Cox proportional hazard regression models, respectively. Models were comprehensively adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, prevalence of hypertension, dietary and lifestyle factors, and medication. Results: Consumption of whole-grain bread was related to lower levels of several lipid metabolites with saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Coffee was related to lower aromatic and branched-chain amino acids, and had potential effects on the fatty acid profile within lipid classes. Red meat was linked to lower glycine levels and was related to higher circulating concentrations of branched-chain amino acids. In addition, potential marked effects of red meat consumption on the fatty acid composition within the investigated lipid classes were identified. Moreover, potential beneficial and adverse direct effects of metabolites on type 2 diabetes risk were detected. Aromatic amino acids and lipid metabolites with even-chain saturated (C14-C18) and with specific polyunsaturated fatty acids had adverse effects on type 2 diabetes risk. Glycine, glutamine, and lipid metabolites with monounsaturated fatty acids and with other species of polyunsaturated fatty acids were classified as having direct beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes risk. Potential mediators of the diet-diabetes links were identified by graphically overlaying this information in network models. Mediation analyses revealed that effects on lipid metabolites could potentially explain about one fourth of the whole-grain bread effect on type 2 diabetes risk; and that effects of coffee and red meat consumption on amino acid and lipid profiles could potentially explain about two thirds of the altered type 2 diabetes risk linked to these dietary exposures. Conclusion: An algorithm was developed that is capable to integrate single external variables (continuous exposures, survival time) and high-dimensional metabolomics-data in a joint graphical model. Application to the EPIC-Potsdam cohort study revealed that the observed conditional independence patterns were consistent with the a priori mediation hypothesis: Early effects on lipid and amino acid metabolism had the potential to explain large parts of the link between three of the most widely discussed diabetes-related dietary exposures and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. 2017 XII, 194, ii urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404592 Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft OPUS4-39586 misc Wippert, Pia-Maria; Rector, Michael V.; Kuhn, Gisela; Wuertz-Kozak, Karin Stress and Alterations in Bones Decades of research have demonstrated that physical stress (PS) stimulates bone remodeling and affects bone structure and function through complex mechanotransduction mechanisms. Recent research has laid ground to the hypothesis that mental stress (MS) also influences bone biology, eventually leading to osteoporosis and increased bone fracture risk. These effects are likely exerted by modulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, resulting in an altered release of growth hormones, glucocorticoids and cytokines, as demonstrated in human and animal studies. Furthermore, molecular cross talk between mental and PS is thought to exist, with either synergistic or preventative effects on bone disease progression depending on the characteristics of the applied stressor. This mini review will explain the emerging concept of MS as an important player in bone adaptation and its potential cross talk with PS by summarizing the current state of knowledge, highlighting newly evolving notions (such as intergenerational transmission of stress and its epigenetic modifications affecting bone) and proposing new research directions. 2017 7 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395866 Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften OPUS4-40342 misc Wippert, Pia-Maria; Puschmann, Anne-Katrin; Drießlein, David; Arampatzis, Adamantios; Banzer, Winfried; Beck, Heidrun; Schiltenwolf, Marcus; Schmidt, Hendrik; Schneider, Christian; Mayer, Frank Development of a risk stratification and prevention index for stratified care in chronic low back pain. Focus: yellow flags (MiSpEx network) Introduction: Chronic low back pain (LBP) is a major cause of disability; early diagnosis and stratification of care remain challenges. Objectives: This article describes the development of a screening tool for the 1-year prognosis of patients with high chronic LBP risk (risk stratification index) and for treatment allocation according to treatment-modifiable yellow flag indicators (risk prevention indices, RPI-S). Methods: Screening tools were derived from a multicentre longitudinal study (n = 1071, age >18, intermittent LBP). The greatest prognostic predictors of 4 flag domains ("pain," "distress," "social-environment," "medical care-environment") were determined using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis. Internal validity and prognosis error were evaluated after 1-year follow-up. Receiver operating characteristic curves for discrimination (area under the curve) and cutoff values were determined. Results: The risk stratification index identified persons with increased risk of chronic LBP and accurately estimated expected pain intensity and disability on the Pain Grade Questionnaire (0-100 points) up to 1 year later with an average prognosis error of 15 points. In addition, 3-risk classes were discerned with an accuracy of area under the curve = 0.74 (95% confidence interval 0.63-0.85). The RPI-S also distinguished persons with potentially modifiable prognostic indicators from 4 flag domains and stratified allocation to biopsychosocial treatments accordingly. Conclusion: The screening tools, developed in compliance with the PROGRESS and TRIPOD statements, revealed good validation and prognostic strength. These tools improve on existing screening tools because of their utility for secondary preventions, incorporation of exercise effect modifiers, exact pain estimations, and personalized allocation to multimodal treatments. 2017 11 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-403424 Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften OPUS4-40220 misc Wippert, Pia-Maria; Fliesser, Michael; Krause, Matthias Risk and protective factors in the clinical rehabilitation of chronic back pain Objectives: Chronic back pain (CBP) can lead to disability and burden. In addition to its medical causes, its development is influenced by psychosocial risk factors, the so-called flag factors, which are categorized and integrated into many treatment guidelines. Currently, most studies investigate single flag factors, which limit the estimation of individual factor significance in the development of chronic pain. Furthermore, factors concerning patients' lifestyle, biography and treatment history are often neglected. Therefore, the objectives of the present study are to identify commonly neglected factors of CBP and integrate them into an analysis model comparing their significance with established flag factors. Methods: A total of 24 patients and therapists were cross-sectionally interviewed to identify commonly neglected factors of CBP. Subsequently, the impact of these factors was surveyed in a longitudinal study. In two rehabilitation clinics, CBP patients (n = 145) were examined before and 6 months after a 3-week inpatient rehabilitation. Outcome variables, chronification factor pain experience (CF-PE) and chronification factor disability (CF-D), were ascertained with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of standardized questionnaires. Predictors were evaluated using stepwise calculations of simple and multiple regression models. Results: Through interviews, medical history, iatrogenic factors, poor compliance, critical life events (LEs), social support (SS) type and effort-reward were identified as commonly neglected factors. However, only the final three held significance in comparison to established factors such as depression and pain-related cognitions. Longitudinally, lifestyle factors found to influence future pain were initial pain, physically demanding work, nicotine consumption, gender and rehabilitation clinic. LEs were unexpectedly found to be a strong predictor of future pain, as were the protective factors, reward at work and perceived SS. Discussion: These findings shed insight regarding often overlooked factors in the development of CBP, suggesting that more detailed operationalization and superordinate frameworks would be beneficial to further research. Conclusion: In particular, LEs should be taken into account in future research. Protective factors should be integrated in therapeutic settings. 2017 11 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-402201 Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften OPUS4-39469 Vollständige Ausgabe (Heft) einer Zeitschriftenreihe Winnerling, Tobias; Giere, Daniel; Droste, Stefan; Struck, Oliver; Mayar, Mahshid Winnerling, Tobias Militär und Gesellschaft in der Frühen Neuzeit = Themenheft: Modellierungen des Krieges? Digitale Spiele als geschichtswissenschaftliche Forschungsgegenstände Der Arbeitskreis Militär und Gesellschaft in der Frühen Neuzeit e. V. wurde im Frühjahr 1995 gegründet. Er hat es sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, die Erforschung des Militärs im Rahmen der frühneuzeitlichen Geschichte zu befördern und zugleich das Bewusstsein der Frühneuzeit-HistorikerInnen für die Bedeutung des Militärs in all seinen Funktionen zu wecken. Das Militär steht somit als soziale Gruppe selbst im Mittelpunkt der Aktivitäten des Arbeitskreises, wird aber auch in seinen Wirkungen und Repräsentationen thematisiert. Ziel ist es, die Rolle des Militärs als Teil der frühneuzeitlichen Gesellschaft umfassend herauszuarbeiten und zu würdigen. Insofern versteht der AMG seine Arbeit nicht nur als Beitrag zur Militärgeschichte, sondern vor allem als Beitrag zur Geschichte der Frühen Neuzeit insgesamt. Der Arbeitskreis bietet ein Diskussions- und Informations­forum durch die Organisation von Tagungen, die Herausgabe der Schriftenreihe ‚Herrschaft und soziale Systeme in der Frühen Neuzeit', die Zeitschrift ‚Militär und Gesellschaft in der Frühen Neuzeit' und die Mailingliste mil-fnz. Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 20 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-394693 Arbeitskreis Militär und Gesellschaft in der Frühen Neuzeit e. V. OPUS4-40826 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Winnerling, Tobias Einleitung Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 7 Militär und Gesellschaft in der frühen Neuzeit 20 5 12 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408269 Historisches Institut OPUS4-40519 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Wilzek, Alexa; Frank, Ulrike; van den Engl-Hoek, Lenie; Huckabee, Maggie-Lee Normdatenerhebung für den »Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids« für Kinder und Jugendliche im Altersbereich von 4 bis 14 Jahren Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 6 Spektrum Patholinguistik (Band 10) - Schwerpunktthema: Panorama Patholinguistik: Sprachwissenschaft trifft Sprachtherapie 10 123 129 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-405195 Department Linguistik OPUS4-40857 Dissertation Willersinn, Jochen Self-Assembly of double hydrophilic block copolymers The motivation of this work was to investigate the self-assembly of a block copolymer species that attended little attraction before, double hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBCs). DHBCs consist of two linear hydrophilic polymer blocks. The self-assembly of DHBCs towards suprastructures such as particles and vesicles is determined via a strong difference in hydrophilicity between the corresponding blocks leading to a microphase separation due to immiscibility. The benefits of DHBCs and the corresponding particles and vesicles, such as biocompatibility, high permeability towards water and hydrophilic compounds as well as the large amount of possible functionalizations that can be addressed to the block copolymers make the application of DHBC based structures a viable choice in biomedicine. In order to assess a route towards self-assembled structures from DHBCs that display the potential to act as cargos for future applications, several block copolymers containing two hydrophilic polymer blocks were synthesized. Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PEO-b-PVP) and Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-N-vinylimidazole) (PEO-b-P(VP-co-VIm) block copolymers were synthesized via reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) techniques starting from a PEO-macro chain transfer agent. The block copolymers displayed a concentration dependent self-assembly behavior in water which was determined via dynamic light scattering (DLS). It was possible to observe spherical particles via laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo SEM) at highly concentrated solutions of PEO-b-PVP. Furthermore, a crosslinking strategy with (PEO-b-P(VP-co-VIm) was developed applying a diiodo derived crosslinker diethylene glycol bis(2-iodoethyl) ether to form quaternary amines at the VIm units. The formed crosslinked structures proved stability upon dilution and transfer into organic solvents. Moreover, self-assembly and crosslinking in DMF proved to be more advantageous and the crosslinked structures could be successfully transferred to aqueous solution. The afforded spherical submicron particles could be visualized via LSCM, cryo SEM and Cryo TEM. Double hydrophilic pullulan-b-poly(acrylamide) block copolymers were synthesized via copper catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) starting from suitable pullulan alkyne and azide functionalized poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) and poly(N-ethylacrylamide) (PEA) homopolymers. The conjugation reaction was confirmed via SEC and 1H-NMR measurements. The self-assembly of the block copolymers was monitored with DLS and static light scattering (SLS) measurements indicating the presence of hollow spherical structures. Cryo SEM measurements could confirm the presence of vesicular structures for Pull-b-PEA block copolymers. Solutions of Pull-b-PDMA displayed particles in cryo SEM. Moreover, an end group functionalization of Pull-b-PDMA with Rhodamine B allowed assessing the structure via LSCM and hollow spherical structures were observed indicating the presence of vesicles, too. An exemplified pathway towards a DHBC based drug delivery vehicle was demonstrated with the block copolymer Pull-b-PVP. The block copolymer was synthesized via RAFT/MADIX techniques starting from a pullulan chain transfer agent. Pull-b-PVP displayed a concentration dependent self-assembly in water with an efficiency superior to the PEO-b-PVP system, which could be observed via DLS. Cryo SEM and LSCM microscopy displayed the presence of spherical structures. In order to apply a reversible crosslinking strategy on the synthesized block copolymer, the pullulan block was selectively oxidized to dialdehydes with NaIO4. The oxidation of the block copolymer was confirmed via SEC and 1H-NMR measurements. The self-assembled and oxidized structures were subsequently crosslinked with cystamine dihiydrochloride, a pH and redox responsive crosslinker resulting in crosslinked vesicles which were observed via cryo SEM. The vesicular structures of crosslinked Pull-b-PVP could be disassembled by acid treatment or the application of the redox agent tris(2-carboxyethyl)-phosphin-hydrochloride. The successful disassembly was monitored with DLS measurements. To conclude, self-assembled structures from DHBCs such as particles and vesicles display a strong potential to generate an impact on biomedicine and nanotechnologies. The variety of DHBC compositions and functionalities are very promising features for future applications. 2017 119, clxxiv urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408578 Institut für Chemie OPUS4-10459 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Wiesner, Linda Denz, Rebekka; Rudolf, Gabi Von Mänteln, Beuteln und Stickereien 2017 15 Genisa-Blätter II 51 66 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-104599 Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. OPUS4-40306 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Wiese, Heike; Mayr, Katharina „Lassma Kiezdeutsch forschen, lan!" Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 13 Region – Sprache – Literatur 149 162 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-403068 Institut für Germanistik OPUS4-40305 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Wiese, Heike; Freywald, Ulrike „Könn'Se berlinern?" Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 20 Region – Sprache – Literatur 127 147 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-403053 Institut für Germanistik OPUS4-40315 Dissertation Wierzba, Marta Revisiting prosodic reconstruction In this thesis, I develop a theoretical implementation of prosodic reconstruction and apply it to the empirical domain of German sentences in which part of a focus or contrastive topic is fronted. Prosodic reconstruction refers to the idea that sentences involving syntactic movement show prosodic parallels with corresponding simpler structures without movement. I propose to model this recurrent observation by ordering syntax-prosody mapping before copy deletion. In order to account for the partial fronting data, the idea is extended to the mapping between prosody and information structure. This assumption helps to explain why object-initial sentences containing a broad focus or broad contrastive topic show similar prosodic and interpretative restrictions as sentences with canonical word order. The empirical adequacy of the model is tested against a set of gradient acceptability judgments. 2017 vi, 224 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-403152 Department Linguistik OPUS4-43356 misc Wiemers, Michael; Bekkering, Harold; Lindemann, Oliver Two attributes of number meaning Many studies demonstrated interactions between number processing and either spatial codes (effects of spatial-numerical associations) or visual size-related codes (size-congruity effect). However, the interrelatedness of these two number couplings is still unclear. The present study examines the simultaneous occurrence of space- and size-numerical congruency effects and their interactions both within and across trials, in a magnitude judgment task physically small or large digits were presented left or right from screen center. The reaction times analysis revealed that space- and size-congruency effects coexisted in parallel and combined additively. Moreover, a selective sequential modulation of the two congruency effects was found. The size-congruency effect was reduced after size incongruent trials. The space-congruency effect, however, was only affected by the previous space congruency. The observed independence of spatial-numerical and within magnitude associations is interpreted as evidence that the two couplings reflect Different attributes of numerical meaning possibly related to orginality and cardinality. 2017 32 Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe 587 253 261 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433566 10.25932/publishup-43356 Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät OPUS4-43546 misc Wick, Kristin; Leeger-Aschmann, Claudia S.; Monn, Nico D.; Radtke, Thomas; Ott, Laura V.; Rebholz, Cornelia E.; Cruz, Sergio; Gerber, Natalie; Schmutz, Einat A.; Puder, Jardena J.; Munsch, Simone; Kakebeeke, Tanja H.; Jenni, Oskar G.; Granacher, Urs; Kriemler, Susi Interventions to promote fundamental movement skills in childcare and kindergarten Background Proficiency in fundamental movement skills (FMS) lays the foundation for being physically active and developing more complex motor skills. Improving these motor skills may provide enhanced opportunities for the development of a variety of perceptual, social, and cognitive skills. Objective The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effects of FMS interventions on actual FMS, targeting typically developing young children. Method Searches in seven databases (CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) up to August 2015 were completed. Trials with children (aged 2-6 years) in childcare or kindergarten settings that applied FMS-enhancing intervention programs of at least 4 weeks and meeting the inclusion criteria were included. Standardized data extraction forms were used. Risk of bias was assessed using a standard scoring scheme (Effective Public Health Practice Project-Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies [EPHPP]). We calculated effects on overall FMS, object control and locomotor subscales (OCS and LMS) by weighted standardized mean differences (SMDbetween) using random-effects models. Certainty in training effects was evaluated using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation System). Results Thirty trials (15 randomized controlled trials and 15 controlled trials) involving 6126 preschoolers (aged 3.3-5.5 years) revealed significant differences among groups in favor of the intervention group (INT) with small-to-large effects on overall FMS (SMDbetween 0.46), OCS (SMDbetween 1.36), and LMS (SMDbetween 0.94). Our certainty in the treatment estimates based on GRADE is very low. Conclusions Although there is relevant effectiveness of programs to improve FMS proficiency in healthy young children, they need to be interpreted with care as they are based on low-quality evidence and immediate post-intervention effects without long-term follow-up. 2017 26 Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe 702 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435463 10.25932/publishup-43546 Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät OPUS4-9425 Buch (Monographie) Weyand, Christopher; Chromik, Jonas; Wolf, Lennard; Kötte, Steffen; Haase, Konstantin; Felgentreff, Tim; Lincke, Jens; Hirschfeld, Robert Improving hosted continuous integration services Developing large software projects is a complicated task and can be demanding for developers. Continuous integration is common practice for reducing complexity. By integrating and testing changes often, changesets are kept small and therefore easily comprehensible. Travis CI is a service that offers continuous integration and continuous deployment in the cloud. Software projects are build, tested, and deployed using the Travis CI infrastructure without interrupting the development process. This report describes how Travis CI works, presents how time-driven, periodic building is implemented as well as how CI data visualization can be done, and proposes a way of dealing with dependency problems. Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 viii, 114 978-3-86956-377-0 108 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-94251 Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering gGmbH OPUS4-40523 misc Westphal, Andrea; Vock, Miriam; Stubbe, Tobias Grade skipping from the perspective of teachers in Germany The present study explored teachers' perspectives on one specific type of acceleration, namely, grade skipping. In addition, we investigated the extent to which teachers' beliefs about students' academic, motivational, and social development after grade skipping may explain teachers' acceptance of this accelerative strategy. Moreover, we examined whether teachers' acceptance is linked to their decisions about using this intervention. Using data from the PARS project, which included 316 teachers from 18 secondary schools in the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia, we assessed teachers' acceptance, beliefs, and perceived knowledge about grade skipping using 4-point rating scales. Teachers also reported whether they had advised a student to skip a grade. Multilevel regression analyses indicated that teachers' beliefs about students' social, motivational, and academic development largely explained their acceptance. Teachers who showed a higher level of acceptance and perceived knowledge were more likely to have recommended grade skipping before. Educational implications are discussed. 2017 14 Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe 411 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-405235 Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät OPUS4-44080 misc Westbury, Michael V.; Baleka, Sina Isabelle; Barlow, Axel; Hartmann, Stefanie; Paijmans, Johanna L. A.; Kramarz, Alejandro; Forasiepi, Analía M.; Bond, Mariano; Gelfo, Javier N.; Reguero, Marcelo A.; López-Mendoza, Patricio; Taglioretti, Matias; Scaglia, Fernando; Rinderknecht, Andrés; Jones, Washington; Mena, Francisco; Billet, Guillaume; de Muizon, Christian; Aguilar, José Luis; MacPhee, Ross D.E.; Hofreiter, Michael A mitogenomic timetree for Darwin's enigmatic South American mammal Macrauchenia patachonica The unusual mix of morphological traits displayed by extinct South American native ungulates (SANUs) confounded both Charles Darwin, who first discovered them, and Richard Owen, who tried to resolve their relationships. Here we report an almost complete mitochondrial genome for the litoptern Macrauchenia. Our dated phylogenetic tree places Macrauchenia as sister to Perissodactyla, but close to the radiation of major lineages within Laurasiatheria. This position is consistent with a divergence estimate of B66Ma (95% credibility interval, 56.64-77.83 Ma) obtained for the split between Macrauchenia and other Panperissodactyla. Combined with their morphological distinctiveness, this evidence supports the positioning of Litopterna (possibly in company with other SANU groups) as a separate order within Laurasiatheria. We also show that, when using strict criteria, extinct taxa marked by deep divergence times and a lack of close living relatives may still be amenable to palaeogenomic analysis through iterative mapping against more distant relatives. 2017 8 Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe 793 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-440801 10.25932/publishup-44080 Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät OPUS4-40486 misc Wernicke, Sarah; De Witt Huberts, Jessie; Wippert, Pia-Maria The pain of being misunderstood A particular form of social pain is invalidation. Therefore, this study (a) investigates whether patients with chronic low back pain experience invalidation, (b) if it has an influence on their pain, and (c) explores whether various social sources (e.g. partner and work) influence physical pain differentially. A total of 92 patients completed questionnaires, and for analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficients and hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted. They indicated a significant association between discounting and disability due to pain (respective =.29, p>.05). Especially, discounting by partner was linked to higher disability (=.28, p>.05). 2017 13 Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe 403 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404864 Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät OPUS4-39581 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Werner, Petra Franz Julius Ferdinand Meyen: gefördert und frühvollendet Franz Ferdinand Julius Meyen (1804-1840) veröffentlichte auf sehr vielen Gebieten der Biologie wichtige Arbeiten, vor allem in Botanik und Zoologie. Mit Unterstützung Alexander von Humboldts gelang es ihm, auf dem Forschungsschiff „Prinzess Louise" anzuheuern und als Schiffsarzt an einer mehrjährigen Weltreise teilzunehmen. Humboldt, der einige Regionen ebenfalls besucht und erforscht hatte, unterstützte seinen jungen Kollegen bei der Vorbereitung seiner Reise. Meyen veröffentlichte seine Reiseergebnisse bereits kurz nach seiner Rückkehr, gefördert von Christian Gottfried Nees von Esenbeck (1776-1858), sowohl als zweiteiligen historischen Reisebericht als auch in sieben Einzelabhandlungen. Einige Ergebnisse, die er, schwerkrank, nicht selbst verwerten konnte, übergab er noch bei Lebzeiten zur Bearbeitung an Spezialisten, andere wurden posthum von Mitgliedern der Leopoldina publiziert. Meyen brachte u. a. eine umfangreiche Sammlung an Vogelpräparaten mit, zu denen auch das Erstbeschreibungsexemplar des von ihm so genannten Spheniscus humboldti (Trivialname: Humboldt-Pinguin) gehört. Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 18 HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies XVIII 34 147 164 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395819 10.18443/247 Institut für Romanistik OPUS4-47441 misc Weißhuhn, Peter; Reckling, Moritz; Stachow, Ulrich; Wiggering, Hubert Supporting agricultural ecosystem services through the integration of perennial polycultures into crop rotations This review analyzes the potential role and long-term effects of field perennial polycultures (mixtures) in agricultural systems, with the aim of reducing the trade-offs between provisioning and regulating ecosystem services. First, crop rotations are identified as a suitable tool for the assessment of the long-term effects of perennial polycultures on ecosystem services, which are not visible at the single-crop level. Second, the ability of perennial polycultures to support ecosystem services when used in crop rotations is quantified through eight agricultural ecosystem services. Legume-grass mixtures and wildflower mixtures are used as examples of perennial polycultures, and compared with silage maize as a typical crop for biomass production. Perennial polycultures enhance soil fertility, soil protection, climate regulation, pollination, pest and weed control, and landscape aesthetics compared with maize. They also score lower for biomass production compared with maize, which confirms the trade-off between provisioning and regulating ecosystem services. However, the additional positive factors provided by perennial polycultures, such as reduced costs for mineral fertilizer, pesticides, and soil tillage, and a significant preceding crop effect that increases the yields of subsequent crops, should be taken into account. However, a full assessment of agricultural ecosystem services requires a more holistic analysis that is beyond the capabilities of current frameworks. 2017 22 Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe 1069 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-474410 10.25932/publishup-47441 Institut für Umweltwissenschaften und Geographie OPUS4-40636 Dissertation Weißenberger, Martin Start-up subsidies for the unemployed - New evaluation approaches and insights Start-up incentives targeted at unemployed individuals have become an important tool of the Active Labor Market Policy (ALMP) to fight unemployment in many countries in recent years. In contrast to traditional ALMP instruments like training measures, wage subsidies, or job creation schemes, which are aimed at reintegrating unemployed individuals into dependent employment, start-up incentives are a fundamentally different approach to ALMP, in that they intend to encourage and help unemployed individuals to exit unemployment by entering self-employment and, thus, by creating their own jobs. In this sense, start-up incentives for unemployed individuals serve not only as employment and social policy to activate job seekers and combat unemployment but also as business policy to promote entrepreneurship. The corresponding empirical literature on this topic so far has been mainly focused on the individual labor market perspective, however. The main part of the thesis at hand examines the new start-up subsidy ("Gründungszuschuss") in Germany and consists of four empirical analyses that extend the existing evidence on start-up incentives for unemployed individuals from multiple perspectives and in the following directions: First, it provides the first impact evaluation of the new start-up subsidy in Germany. The results indicate that participation in the new start-up subsidy has significant positive and persistent effects on both reintegration into the labor market as well as the income profiles of participants, in line with previous evidence on comparable German and international programs, which emphasizes the general potential of start-up incentives as part of the broader ALMP toolset. Furthermore, a new innovative sensitivity analysis of the applied propensity score matching approach integrates findings from entrepreneurship and labor market research about the key role of an individual's personality on start-up decision, business performance, as well as general labor market outcomes, into the impact evaluation of start-up incentives. The sensitivity analysis with regard to the inclusion and exclusion of usually unobserved personality variables reveals that differences in the estimated treatment effects are small in magnitude and mostly insignificant. Consequently, concerns about potential overestimation of treatment effects in previous evaluation studies of similar start-up incentives due to usually unobservable personality variables are less justified, as long as the set of observed control variables is sufficiently informative (Chapter 2). Second, the thesis expands our knowledge about the longer-term business performance and potential of subsidized businesses arising from the start-up subsidy program. In absolute terms, the analysis shows that a relatively high share of subsidized founders successfully survives in the market with their original businesses in the medium to long run. The subsidy also yields a "double dividend" to a certain extent in terms of additional job creation. Compared to "regular", i.e., non-subsidized new businesses founded by non-unemployed individuals in the same quarter, however, the economic and growth-related impulses set by participants of the subsidy program are only limited with regard to employment growth, innovation activity, or investment. Further investigations of possible reasons for these differences show that differential business growth paths of subsidized founders in the longer run seem to be mainly limited by higher restrictions to access capital and by unobserved factors, such as less growth-oriented business strategies and intentions, as well as lower (subjective) entrepreneurial persistence. Taken together, the program has only limited potential as a business and entrepreneurship policy intended to induce innovation and economic growth (Chapters 3 and 4). And third, an empirical analysis on the level of German regional labor markets yields that there is a high regional variation in subsidized start-up activity relative to overall new business formation. The positive correlation between regular start-up intensity and the share among all unemployed individuals who participate in the start-up subsidy program suggests that (nascent) unemployed founders also profit from the beneficial effects of regional entrepreneurship capital. Moreover, the analysis of potential deadweight and displacement effects from an aggregated regional perspective emphasizes that the start-up subsidy for unemployed individuals represents a market intervention into existing markets, which affects incumbents and potentially produces inefficiencies and market distortions. This macro perspective deserves more attention and research in the future (Chapter 5). 2017 viii, 239 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406362 Wirtschaftswissenschaften OPUS4-40546 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Weiß, Norman; Weber, Johanna Editorial Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 0 MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen 22 1 4 4 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-405462 MenschenRechtsZentrum OPUS4-10497 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Weiß, Norman; Nägeler, Pascal Editorial Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 1 MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen 21 2 94 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-104978 MenschenRechtsZentrum OPUS4-43095 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Weiß, Norman Menschenrechte und Entwicklung oder Recht auf Entwicklung Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 12 Potsdamer UNO-Konferenzen 978-3-86956-402-9 12 29 40 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430959 10.25932/publishup-43095 MenschenRechtsZentrum OPUS4-40545 Review Weiß, Norman Claudio Franzius/Franz C. Mayer/Jürgen Meyer (Hrsg.), Modelle des Parlamentarismus im 21. Jahrhundert. Neue Ordnungen von Recht und Politik / [rezensiert von] Norman Weiß Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 1 MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen 22 1 80 81 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-405455 MenschenRechtsZentrum OPUS4-10432 Arbeitspapier Weiß, Norman Wie soll Europas Zukunft aussehen? At sixty, the European Union once again faces trouble and is in crisis. There is an ongoing discussion on reforming the Union and its future in a changing world. As of 1st March 2017, President Juncker presented the Commission's "White Paper Paper on the Future of Europe" outlining perspectives and inviting to discuss EU's future. This paper aims at contributing to this discussion. Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 11 Staat, Recht und Politik - Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere 2 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-104324 MenschenRechtsZentrum OPUS4-43986 Dissertation Weise, Katja Gezähmte Kleider, gebändigte Körper? Gegenstand der Dissertation ist die Präsentation von Kleidermode in ihr gewidmeten Sonderausstellungen, die in zunehmender Zahl seit den 1990er Jahren in musealen und musemsähnlichen Kontexten veranstaltet werden. Es geht darum, wie Modekörper und vestimentäre Artefakte in diesen Ausstellungen gezeigt werden und welche ästhetischen Erfahrungen sich für die RezipientInnen aus der jeweiligen Konstellation von vestimentärem Objekt und Inszenierungsmittel ergeben können. Das Augenmerk liegt auf der Spannung zwischen dem visuellen Imperativ musealer Zeigepraktiken und den multisensorischen Qualitäten der Kleidermode, v. a. jener hautsinnlichen, die sich aus dem unmittelbaren Kontakt zwischen Körper und Kleid ergeben. Die zentrale These ist, dass sich das Hautsinnliche der Kleidermode trotz des Berührungsverbots in vielen Ausstellungsinszenierungen zeigen kann. D. h., dass - entgegen häufig wiederholter Behauptungen - ‚der Körper', das Tragen und die Bewegung nicht per se oder komplett aus den Kleidern gewichen sind, werden diese musealisiert und ausgestellt. Es findet eine Verschiebung des Körperlichen und Hautsinnlichen, wie das Anfassen, Tragen und Bewegen, in visuelle Darstellungsformen statt. Hautsinnliche Qualitäten der vestimentären Exponate können, auch in Abhängigkeit von den jeweils verwendeten Präsentationsmitteln, von den BesucherInnen in unterschiedlichen Abstufungen sehend oder buchstäblich gespürt werden. An konkreten Beispielen wird zum einen das Verhältnis von ausgestelltem Kleid und Präsentationsmittel(n) in den Displays untersucht. Dabei stehen folgende Mittel im Fokus, mit deren Hilfe die vestimentären Exponate zur Schau gestellt werden: Vitrinen, Podeste, Ersatzkörper wie Mannequins, optische Hilfsmittel wie Lupen, Bildmedien oder (bewegte) Installationen. Zum anderen wird analysiert, welche Wirkungen die Arrangements jeweils erzielen oder verhindern können, und zwar in Hinblick auf mögliche ästhetische Erfahrungen, die taktilen, haptischen und kinästhetischen Qualitäten der Exponate als BesucherIn sehend oder buchstäblich zu fühlen oder zu spüren. Ob als Identifikation, Projektion, Haptic Vision - es handelt sich um ästhetische Erfahrungen, die sich aus den modischen Kompetenzen der BetrachterInnen speisen und bei denen sich Visuelles und Hautsinnliches oft überlagern. In der Untersuchung wird eine vernachlässigte, wenn nicht gar unerwünschte Rezeptionsweise diskutiert, die von den AkteurInnen der spezifischen Debatte bspw. als konsumptives Sehen abgewertet wird. Die von mir vorgeschlagene, stärker differenzierende Perspektive ist zugleich eine Kritik an dem bisherigen Diskurs und seinem eng gefassten, teilweise elitären Verständnis von Museum, Bildung und Wissen, mit dem sich AkteurInnen und Institutionen abgrenzen. Der Spezialdiskurs über musealisierte und exponierte Kleidermode steht zudem exemplarisch für die Diskussion, was das Museum, verstanden als Institution, sein kann und soll(te) und ob (und wenn ja, wie) es sich überhaupt noch von anderen Orten und Räumen klar abgrenzen lässt. 2017 270 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-439868 10.25932/publishup-43986 Institut für Künste und Medien OPUS4-10456 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Weinhold, Beate Denz, Rebekka; Rudolf, Gabi ‚Ma'oz tsur jeshu'ati' 2017 5 Genisa-Blätter II 45 50 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-104561 Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. OPUS4-39794 Dissertation Weege, Stefanie Climatic drivers of retrogressive thaw slump activity and resulting sediment and carbon release to the nearshore zone of Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada The Yukon Coast in Canada is an ice-rich permafrost coast and highly sensitive to changing environmental conditions. Retrogressive thaw slumps are a common thermoerosion feature along this coast, and develop through the thawing of exposed ice-rich permafrost on slopes and removal of accumulating debris. They contribute large amounts of sediment, including organic carbon and nitrogen, to the nearshore zone. The objective of this study was to 1) identify the climatic and geomorphological drivers of sediment-meltwater release, 2) quantify the amount of released meltwater, sediment, organic carbon and nitrogen, and 3) project the evolution of sediment-meltwater release of retrogressive thaw slumps in a changing future climate. The analysis is based on data collected over 18 days in July 2013 and 18 days in August 2012. A cut-throat flume was set up in the main sediment-meltwater channel of the largest retrogressive thaw slump on Herschel Island. In addition, two weather stations, one on top of the undisturbed tundra and one on the slump floor, measured incoming solar radiation, air temperature, wind speed and precipitation. The discharge volume eroding from the ice-rich permafrost and retreating snowbanks was measured and compared to the meteorological data collected in real time with a resolution of one minute. The results show that the release of sediment-meltwater from thawing of the ice-rich permafrost headwall is strongly related to snowmelt, incoming solar radiation and air temperature. Snowmelt led to seasonal differences, especially due to the additional contribution of water to the eroding sediment-meltwater from headwall ablation, lead to dilution of the sediment-meltwater composition. Incoming solar radiation and air temperature were the main drivers for diurnal and inter-diurnal fluctuations. In July (2013), the retrogressive thaw slump released about 25 000 m³ of sediment-meltwater, containing 225 kg dissolved organic carbon and 2050 t of sediment, which in turn included 33 t organic carbon, and 4 t total nitrogen. In August (2012), just 15 600 m³ of sediment-meltwater was released, since there was no additional contribution from snowmelt. However, even without the additional dilution, 281 kg dissolved organic carbon was released. The sediment concentration was twice as high as in July, with sediment contents of up to 457 g l-1 and 3058 t of sediment, including 53 t organic carbon and 5 t nitrogen, being released. In addition, the data from the 36 days of observations from Slump D were upscaled to cover the main summer season of 1 July to 31 August (62 days) and to include all 229 active retrogressive thaw slumps along the Yukon Coast. In total, all retrogressive thaw slumps along the Yukon Coast contribute a minimum of 1.4 Mio. m³ sediment-meltwater each thawing season, containing a minimum of 172 000 t sediment with 3119 t organic carbon, 327 t nitrogen and 17 t dissolved organic carbon. Therefore, in addition to the coastal erosion input to the Beaufort Sea, retrogressive thaw slumps additionally release 3 % of sediment and 8 % of organic carbon into the ocean. Finally, the future evolution of retrogressive thaw slumps under a warming scenario with summer air temperatures increasing by 2-3 °C by 2081-2100, would lead to an increase of 109-114% in release of sediment-meltwater. It can be concluded that retrogressive thaw slumps are sensitive to climatic conditions and under projected future Arctic warming will contribute larger amounts of thawed permafrost material (including organic carbon and nitrogen) into the environment. 2017 163 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-397947 Institut für Geowissenschaften OPUS4-40544 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Weber, Johanna Bericht über die Tätigkeit des Menschenrechtsausschusses der Vereinten Nationen im Jahre 2016 - Teil I: Staatenberichte Inhaltsübersicht I. Einführung II. Allgemeines aus dem Jahre 2016 III. Staatenberichtsverfahren Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 23 MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen 22 1 56 79 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-405442 MenschenRechtsZentrum OPUS4-40095 misc Warschburger, Petra; Kröller, Katja Childhood overweight and obesity Background: There is an increasing awareness of the impact of parental risk perception on the weight course of the child and the parent's readiness to engage in preventive efforts, but only less is known about factors related to the parental perception of the right time for the implementation of preventive activities. The aim of this study was to examine parental perceptions of the appropriate time to engage in child weight management strategies, and the factors associated with different weight points at which mothers recognize the need for preventive actions. Methods: 352 mothers with children aged 2-10 years took part in the study. We assessed mothers' perceptions of the actual and preferred weight status of their child, their ability to identify overweight and knowledge of its associated health risks, as well as perceptions of the right time for action to prevent overweight in their child. A regression analysis was conducted to examine whether demographic and weight related factors as well as the maternal general risk perception were associated with recognizing the need to implement prevention strategies. Results: Although most of the parents considered a BMI in the 75th to 90th percentile a valid reason to engage in the prevention of overweight, 19% of the mothers were not willing to engage in prevention until their child reached the 97th percentile. Whereas the child's sex and the identification of an elevated BMI were significant predictors for parents' recognition of the 75th percentile as right point to engage in prevention efforts, an inability to recognize physical health risks associated with overweight silhouettes emerged as a significant factor predicting which parents would delay prevention efforts until a child's BMI reached the 97th percentile. Conclusion: Parental misperceptions of overweight and associated health risks constitute unfavorable conditions for preventive actions. Feedback on the health risks associated with overweight could help increase maternal readiness for change. 2017 8 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-400954 Department Psychologie OPUS4-40145 misc Warschburger, Petra; Calvano, Claudia; Becker, Sebastian; Friedt, Michael; Hudert, Christian; Posovszky, Carsten; Schier, Maike; Wegscheider, Karl Stop the pain : study protocol for a randomized-controlled trial Background: Functional abdominal pain (FAP) is not only a highly prevalent disease but also poses a considerable burden on children and their families. Untreated, FAP is highly persistent until adulthood, also leading to an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. Intervention studies underscore the efficacy of cognitive behavioral treatment approaches but are limited in terms of sample size, long-term follow-up data, controls and inclusion of psychosocial outcome data. Methods/Design: In a multicenter randomized controlled trial, 112 children aged 7 to 12 years who fulfill the Rome III criteria for FAP will be allocated to an established cognitive behavioral training program for children with FAP (n = 56) or to an active control group (focusing on age-appropriate information delivery; n = 56). Randomization occurs centrally, blockwise and is stratified by center. This study is performed in five pediatric gastroenterology outpatient departments. Observer-blind assessments of outcome variables take place four times: pre-, post-, 3- and 12-months post-treatment. Primary outcome is the course of pain intensity and frequency. Secondary endpoints are health-related quality of life, pain-related coping and cognitions, as well as selfefficacy. Discussion: This confirmatory randomized controlled clinical trial evaluates the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral intervention for children with FAP. By applying an active control group, time and attention processes can be controlled, and long-term follow-up data over the course of one year can be explored. 2017 11 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401451 Department Psychologie OPUS4-40179 misc Warschburger, Petra SRT-Joy - computer-assisted self-regulation training for obese children and adolescents: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial Background: Obesity is not only a highly prevalent disease but also poses a considerable burden on children and their families. Evidence is increasing that a lack of self-regulation skills may play a role in the etiology and maintenance of obesity. Our goal with this currently ongoing trial is to examine whether training that focuses on the enhancement of self-regulation skills may increase the sustainability of a complex lifestyle intervention. Methods/Design: In a multicenter, prospective, parallel group, randomized controlled superiority trial, 226 obese children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 years will be allocated either to a newly developed computer-training program to improve their self-regulation abilities or to a placebo control group. Randomization occurs centrally and blockwise at a 1:1 allocation ratio for each center. This study is performed in pediatric inpatient rehabilitation facilities specialized in the treatment of obesity. Observer-blind assessments of outcome variables take place at four times: at the beginning of the rehabilitation (pre), at the end of the training in the rehabilitation (post), and 6 and 12 months post-rehabilitation intervention. The primary outcome is the course of BMI-SDS over 1 year after the end of the inpatient rehabilitation. Secondary endpoints are the self-regulation skills. In addition, health-related quality of life, and snack intake will be analyzed. Discussion: The computer-based training programs might be a feasible and attractive tool to increase the sustainability of the weight loss reached during inpatient rehabilitation. 2017 10 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401793 Department Psychologie OPUS4-39916 misc Warditz, Vladislava Maria Zum Status syntaktischer Variationen in Sprachkontaktsituationen The article presents first results of a pilot study on the syntactic changes in Polish as a language contact in Germany. On the base of the experimental data tests the study examines the syntactic changes in Polish of two diaspora-generations: the so called forgetters and the incomplete learners. The article focuses on the questions: how the situation of languages in contact influences the syntactic changes in the heritage language (Polish) and which status have those syntactic transferences. Other linguistic and sociolinguistic factors, capable to cause the language change in the situation of language contact, are also discussed in the article. 2017 20 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399167 Department Linguistik OPUS4-39580 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Walravens, Hartmut Zu den von A. v. Humboldt aus Rußland mitgebrachten Büchern Humboldt hat auf seiner Russlandreise 1829 eine Anzahl von Büchern und Schriften in mongolischer, kalmükischer, armenischer, chinesischer, tibetischer und mandschurischer Sprache als Geschenk erhalten. Darüber hinaus hat er drei persische Handschriften käuflich erworben. Das umfangreichste Stück ist der chinesische Roman Geschichte der Drei Reiche. Humboldt hatte den Altphilologen und Kenner des Armenischen und Chinesischen, Carl Friedrich Neumann, gebeten, diese Titel zu katalogisieren. Als die Liste im Druck erschien (während Neumann sich auf einer Chinareise befand), führten die Monita zu einer Gelehrtenfehde. Danach gerieten die Bücher, eine bunte Mischung, bald in Vergessenheit. Vorliegender Artikel gibt eine Liste auf Grund des heutigen Befundes in der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, für die der Sammler die Bücher von Anfang an bestimmt hatte, wie mehrere Beischriften belegen. Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 51 HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies XVIII 34 96 146 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395804 10.18443/246 Institut für Romanistik OPUS4-40293 misc Wahmkow, Gunnar; Cassel, Michael; Mayer, Frank; Baur, Heiner Effects of different medial arch support heights on rearfoot kinematics Background Foot orthoses are usually assumed to be effective by optimizing mechanically dynamic rearfoot configuration. However, the effect from a foot orthosis on kinematics that has been demonstrated scientifically has only been marginal. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different heights in medial arch-supported foot orthoses on rear foot motion during gait. Methods Nineteen asymptomatic runners (36±11years, 180±5cm, 79±10kg; 41±22km/week) participated in the study. Trials were recorded at 3.1 mph (5 km/h) on a treadmill. Athletes walked barefoot and with 4 different not customized medial arch-supported foot orthoses of various arch heights (N:0 mm, M:30 mm, H:35 mm, E:40mm). Six infrared cameras and the `Oxford Foot Model´ were used to capture motion. The average stride in each condition was calculated from 50 gait cycles per condition. Eversion excursion and internal tibia rotation were analyzed. Descriptive statistics included calculating the mean ± SD and 95% CIs. Group differences by condition were analyzed by one factor (foot orthoses) repeated measures ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results Eversion excursion revealed the lowest values for N and highest for H (B:4.6°±2.2°; 95% CI [3.1;6.2]/N:4.0°±1.7°; [2.9;5.2]/M:5.2°±2.6°; [3.6;6.8]/H:6.2°±3.3°; [4.0;8.5]/E:5.1°±3.5°; [2.8;7.5]) (p>0.05). Range of internal tibia rotation was lowest with orthosis H and highest with E (B:13.3°±3.2°; 95% CI [11.0;15.6]/N:14.5°±7.2°; [9.2;19.6]/M:13.8°±5.0°; [10.8;16.8]/H:12.3°±4.3°; [9.0;15.6]/E:14.9°±5.0°; [11.5;18.3]) (p>0.05). Differences between conditions were small and the intrasubject variation high. Conclusion Our results indicate that different arch support heights have no systematic effect on eversion excursion or the range of internal tibia rotation and therefore might not exert a crucial influence on rear foot alignment during gait. 2017 11 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-402934 Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften OPUS4-40509 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Wahl, Michael Die Patholinguistik im Fokus berufspolitischer Entwicklungen Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 10 Spektrum Patholinguistik (Band 10) - Schwerpunktthema: Panorama Patholinguistik: Sprachwissenschaft trifft Sprachtherapie 10 91 101 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-405093 Department Linguistik OPUS4-41223 Dissertation Wagner, Mario Industrie 4.0 und demografische Entwicklung aus strukturationstheoretischer Sicht Das Ziel der Arbeit ist die Entwicklung eines heuristischen Bezugsrahmens zur Erklärung der Komplexität im Kontext von Industrie 4.0 und der demografischen Entwicklung aus strukturationstheoretischer Sicht. Dabei sind in Bezug auf die zukünftig zu erwartenden kognitiven Anforderungen an die Beschäftigten die Fragen essentiell, vor welchen Herausforderungen Unternehmen bezüglich der Einstellung und dem Verhalten sowie dem Erfahrungswissen der Beschäftigten stehen und welche Lösungsansätze sich im Umgang mit den Herausforderungen in der Praxis bisher als hilfreich erweisen. In Kapitel 1 erfolgt zunächst die Beschreibung der Ausgangslage. Es werden die Begriffe Industrie 4.0 und demografische Entwicklung inhaltlich diskutiert und in einen theoretischen Zusammenhang gebracht. In Kapitel 2 erfolgt die theoretische Fundierung der Arbeit. Dabei wird eine strukturationstheoretische Sicht auf Unternehmen als soziotechnische Systeme eingenommen. Durch diese „nicht deterministische" Sichtweise wird ein prozessualer Blick auf den Wandlungsprozess in Unternehmen geschaffen, der es möglich macht, die Beschäftigten als aktiv handelnde Akteure im Sinne von „organisieren" zur Erklärung möglicher Zusammenhänge zwischen Industrie 4.0 und der demografischen Entwicklung mit einzubeziehen. Der soziotechnische Systemansatz und die Strukturationstheorie bilden in diesem Sinne den „Kern" des zu entwickelnden heuristischen Bezugsrahmens. Die inhaltliche Gestaltung des theoriebasierten heuristischen Bezugsrahmens erfolgt in Kapitel 3 und Kapitel 4. Kapitel 3 beschreibt ausgewählte Aspekte zukünftiger Anforderungen an die Arbeit, die durch eine systematische Aufbereitung des derzeitigen Forschungsstandes zu Industrie 4.0 ermittelt wurden. Sie bilden die „Gestaltungsgrenzen", innerhalb derer sich je nach betrieblicher Situation unterschiedliche neue oder geänderte Anforderungen an die Beschäftigten bei der Gestaltung von Industrie 4.0 ableiten lassen. In Kapitel 4 werden ausgewählte Aspekte menschlichen Handelns am Beispiel älterer Beschäftigter in Form zweier Schwerpunkte beschrieben. Der erste Schwerpunkt betrifft mögliche Einflussfaktoren auf die Einstellung und das Verhalten älterer Beschäftigter im Wandlungsprozess aufgrund eines vorherrschenden Altersbildes im Unternehmen. Grundlage hierzu bildete die Stigmatisierungstheorie als interaktionistischer Ansatz der Sozialtheorie. Mit dem zweiten Schwerpunkt, den ausgewählten handlungstheoretischen Aspekten der Alternsforschung aus der Entwicklungspsychologie, wird eine Lebensspannenperspektive eingenommen. Inhaltlich werden die komplexitätsinduzierten Faktoren, die sich aus handlungstheoretischer Perspektive mit der Adaptation von älteren Beschäftigten an veränderte äußere und persönliche Lebensbedingungen beschäftigen, systematisiert. Anschließend wird auf Grundlage der bisherigen theoretischen Vorüberlegungen ein erster theoriebasierter Bezugsrahmen abgeleitet. Kapitel 5 und Kapitel 6 beschreiben den empirischen Teil, die Durchführung teilstrukturierter Interviews, der Arbeit. Ziel der empirischen Untersuchung war es, neben der theoretischen Fundierung den theoriebasierten heuristischen Bezugsrahmen um Praxiserfahrungen zu konkretisieren und gegebenenfalls zu ergänzen. Hierzu wurde auf Grundlage des theoriebasierten heuristischen Bezugsrahmens mittels teilstrukturierter Interviews das Erfahrungswissen von 23 Experten in persönlichen Gesprächen abgefragt. Nachdem in Kapitel 5 die Vorgehensweise der empirischen Untersuchung beschrieben wird, erfolgt in Kapitel 6 die Beschreibung der Ergebnisse aus der qualitativen Befragung. Hierzu werden aus den persönlichen Gesprächen zentrale Einflussfaktoren bei der Gestaltung und Umsetzung von Industrie 4.0 im Kontext mit der demografischen Entwicklung analysiert und in die übergeordneten Kategorien Handlungskompetenzen, Einstellung/ Verhalten sowie Erfahrungswissen geclustert. Anschließend wird der theoriebasierte heuristische Bezugsrahmen durch die übergeordneten Kategorien und Faktoren aus den Expertengesprächen konkretisiert und ergänzt. In Kapitel 7 werden auf Grundlage des heuristischen Bezugsrahmens sowie der Empfehlungen aus den Experteninterviews beispielhaft Implikationen für die Praxis abgeleitet. Es werden Interventionsmöglichkeiten zur Unterstützung einer positiven Veränderungsbereitschaft und einem positiven Veränderungsverhalten für den Strukturwandel aufgezeigt. Hierzu gehören die Anpassung des Führungsverhaltens im Wandlungsprozess, der Umgang mit der Paradoxie von Stabilität und Flexibilität, der Umgang mit Altersstereotypen in Unternehmen, die Unterstützung von Strategien zu Selektion, Optimierung und Kompensation sowie Maßnahmen zur Ausrichtung von Aktivitäten an die Potenzialrisiken der Beschäftigten. Eine Zusammenfassung, ein Resümee und ein Ausblick erfolgen abschließend in Kapitel 8. 2017 235 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412230 Wirtschaftswissenschaften OPUS4-10479 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Vowe, Gerhard Partizipation über und durch das Netz Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 13 Partizipation in der Bürgerkommune (KWI Schriften) 978-3-86956-371-8 10 159 172 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-104791 Kommunalwissenschaftliches Institut OPUS4-39611 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel von Kalckreuth, Moritz Alexander Das Fluchttier, das zum Stein griff und Mensch wurde Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 14 Das Leben im Menschen oder der Mensch im Leben? 978-3-86956-382-4 339 353 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-396119 Institut für Philosophie OPUS4-40517 misc Vigorito, Carlo; Abreu, Ana; Ambrosetti, Marco; Belardinelli, Romualdo; Corrà, Ugo; Cupples, Margaret; Davos, Constantinos H.; Hoefer, Stefan; Iliou, Marie-Christine; Schmid, Jean-Paul; Völler, Heinz; Doherty, Patrick Frailty and cardiac rehabilitation Frailty is a geriatric syndrome characterised by a vulnerability status associated with declining function of multiple physiological systems and loss of physiological reserves. Two main models of frailty have been advanced: the phenotypic model (primary frailty) or deficits accumulation model (secondary frailty), and different instruments have been proposed and validated to measure frailty. However measured, frailty correlates to medical outcomes in the elderly, and has been shown to have prognostic value for patients in different clinical settings, such as in patients with coronary artery disease, after cardiac surgery or transvalvular aortic valve replacement, in patients with chronic heart failure or after left ventricular assist device implantation. The prevalence, clinical and prognostic relevance of frailty in a cardiac rehabilitation setting has not yet been well characterised, despite the increasing frequency of elderly patients in cardiac rehabilitation, where frailty is likely to influence the onset, type and intensity of the exercise training programme and the design of tailored rehabilitative interventions for these patients. Therefore, we need to start looking for frailty in elderly patients entering cardiac rehabilitation programmes and become more familiar with some of the tools to recognise and evaluate the severity of this condition. Furthermore, we need to better understand whether exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation may change the course and the prognosis of frailty in cardiovascular patients. 2017 14 Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe 406 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-405172 Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät OPUS4-39592 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Viennet, Thomas Heidegger et la critique de la transcendance de l'homme Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 13 Das Leben im Menschen oder der Mensch im Leben? 978-3-86956-382-4 77 90 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395924 Extern OPUS4-39929 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Vicente, Manuel R. Music Education in the twenty-first century Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 6 Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikpädagogik 978-3-86956-378-7 4 155 161 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399290 Department Musik und Kunst OPUS4-41261 misc Veríssimo, Joao Marques; Heyer, Vera; Jacob, Gunnar; Clahsen, Harald Selective effects of age of acquisition on morphological priming Is there an ideal time window for language acquisition after which nativelike representation and processing are unattainable? Although this question has been heavily debated, no consensus has been reached. Here, we present evidence for a sensitive period in language development and show that it is specific to grammar. We conducted a masked priming task with a group of Turkish-German bilinguals and examined age of acquisition (AoA) effects on the processing of complex words. We compared a subtle but meaningful linguistic contrast, that between grammatical inflection and lexical-based derivation. The results showed a highly selective AoA effect on inflectional (but not derivational) priming. In addition, the effect displayed a discontinuity indicative of a sensitive period: Priming from inflected forms was nativelike when acquisition started before the age of 5 but declined with increasing AoA. We conclude that the acquisition of morphological rules expressing morphosyntactic properties is constrained by maturational factors. 2017 13 Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe 486 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412611 Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät OPUS4-43690 misc Vaz da Cruz, Vinicius; Ertan, Emelie; Couto, Rafael C.; Eckert, Sebastian Oliver; Fondell, Mattis; Dantz, Marcus; Kennedy, Brian; Schmitt, Thorsten; Pietzsch, Annette; Guimarães, Freddy F.; Ågren, Hans; Gel'mukhanov, Faris; Odelius, Michael; Föhlisch, Alexander; Kimberg, Victor A study of the water molecule using frequency control over nuclear dynamics in resonant X-ray scattering In this combined theoretical and experimental study we report a full analysis of the resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectra of H2O, D2O and HDO. We demonstrate that electronically-elastic RIXS has an inherent capability to map the potential energy surface and to perform vibrational analysis of the electronic ground state in multimode systems. We show that the control and selection of vibrational excitation can be performed by tuning the X-ray frequency across core-excited molecular bands and that this is clearly reflected in the RIXS spectra. Using high level ab initio electronic structure and quantum nuclear wave packet calculations together with high resolution RIXS measurements, we discuss in detail the mode coupling, mode localization and anharmonicity in the studied systems. 2017 17 Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe 781 19573 19589 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-436901 10.25932/publishup-43690 Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät OPUS4-39617 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel van Buuren, Jasper Exzentrizität, Dingstruktur und der Leib als Subjekt und Objekt Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 20 Das Leben im Menschen oder der Mensch im Leben? 978-3-86956-382-4 419 439 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-396170 Extern OPUS4-40180 Konferenzveröffentlichung Valleriani, Angelo; Roelly, Sylvie; Kulik, Alexei Michajlovič Roelly, Sylvie; Högele, Michael; Rafler, Mathias Stochastic processes with applications in the natural sciences The interdisciplinary workshop STOCHASTIC PROCESSES WITH APPLICATIONS IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES was held in Bogotá, at Universidad de los Andes from December 5 to December 9, 2016. It brought together researchers from Colombia, Germany, France, Italy, Ukraine, who communicated recent progress in the mathematical research related to stochastic processes with application in biophysics. The present volume collects three of the four courses held at this meeting by Angelo Valleriani, Sylvie Rœlly and Alexei Kulik. A particular aim of this collection is to inspire young scientists in setting up research goals within the wide scope of fields represented in this volume. Angelo Valleriani, PhD in high energy physics, is group leader of the team "Stochastic processes in complex and biological systems" from the Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam. Sylvie Rœlly, Docteur en Mathématiques, is the head of the chair of Probability at the University of Potsdam. Alexei Kulik, Doctor of Sciences, is a Leading researcher at the Institute of Mathematics of Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences. Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 ix, 124 Lectures in pure and applied mathematics 978-3-86956-414-2 4 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401802 Institut für Mathematik OPUS4-10480 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Utz, Stephanie Sophia Bürgerbeteiligung bei der Stadt- und Stadtteilentwicklung Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 11 Partizipation in der Bürgerkommune (KWI Schriften) 978-3-86956-371-8 10 173 184 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-104803 Kommunalwissenschaftliches Institut OPUS4-39974 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Unger, Martin; Dibiasi, Anna Aktuelle Debatten im österreichischen Hochschulsystem Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 17 Potsdamer Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung 978-3-86956-399-2 3 223 240 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399749 Department Erziehungswissenschaft OPUS4-39967 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Ulbricht, Juliane; Schubarth, Wilfried Praktika aufwerten - aber wie? Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 13 Potsdamer Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung 978-3-86956-399-2 3 87 100 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399672 Department Erziehungswissenschaft OPUS4-40223 misc Tötzke, Christian; Kardjilov, Nikolay; Manke, Ingo; Oswald, Sascha Eric Capturing 3D Water Flow in Rooted Soil by Ultra-fast Neutron Tomography Water infiltration in soil is not only affected by the inherent heterogeneities of soil, but even more by the interaction with plant roots and their water uptake. Neutron tomography is a unique non-invasive 3D tool to visualize plant root systems together with the soil water distribution in situ. So far, acquisition times in the range of hours have been the major limitation for imaging 3D water dynamics. Implementing an alternative acquisition procedure we boosted the speed of acquisition capturing an entire tomogram within 10 s. This allows, for the first time, tracking of a water front ascending in a rooted soil column upon infiltration of deuterated water time-resolved in 3D. Image quality and resolution could be sustained to a level allowing for capturing the root system in high detail. Good signal-to-noise ratio and contrast were the key to visualize dynamic changes in water content and to localize the root uptake. We demonstrated the ability of ultra-fast tomography to quantitatively image quick changes of water content in the rhizosphere and outlined the value of such imaging data for 3D water uptake modelling. The presented method paves the way for time-resolved studies of various 3D flow and transport phenomena in porous systems 2017 9 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-402237 Institut für Geowissenschaften OPUS4-40557 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Tänzer, Bianca Musik im total verrückten Berliner Theater RambaZamba Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 27 Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikpädagogik 978-3-86956-411-1 39 66 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-405578 Department Musik und Kunst OPUS4-39660 Dissertation Tyree, Susan Arc expression in the parabrachial nucleus following taste stimulation Researchers have made many approaches to study the complexities of the mammalian taste system; however molecular mechanisms of taste processing in the early structures of the central taste pathway remain unclear. More recently the Arc catFISH (cellular compartment analysis of temporal activity by fluorescent in situ hybridisation) method has been used in our lab to study neural activation following taste stimulation in the first central structure in the taste pathway, the nucleus of the solitary tract. This method uses the immediate early gene Arc as a neural activity marker to identify taste-responsive neurons. Arc plays a critical role in memory formation and is necessary for conditioned taste aversion memory formation. In the nucleus of the solitary tract only bitter taste stimulation resulted in increased Arc expression, however this did not occur following stimulation with tastants of any other taste quality. The primary target for gustatory NTS neurons is the parabrachial nucleus (PbN) and, like Arc, the PbN plays an important role in conditioned taste aversion learning. The aim of this thesis is to investigate Arc expression in the PbN following taste stimulation to elucidate the molecular identity and function of Arc expressing, taste- responsive neurons. Naïve and taste-conditioned mice were stimulated with tastants from each of the five basic taste qualities (sweet, salty, sour, umami, and bitter), with additional bitter compounds included for comparison. The expression patterns of Arc and marker genes were analysed using in situ hybridisation (ISH). The Arc catFISH method was used to observe taste-responsive neurons following each taste stimulation. A double fluorescent in situ hybridisation protocol was then established to investigate possible neuropeptide genes involved in neural responses to taste stimulation. The results showed that bitter taste stimulation induces increased Arc expression in the PbN in naïve mice. This was not true for other taste qualities. In mice conditioned to find an umami tastant aversive, subsequent umami taste stimulation resulted in an increase in Arc expression similar to that seen in bitter-stimulated mice. Taste-responsive Arc expression was denser in the lateral PbN than the medial PbN. In mice that received two temporally separated taste stimulations, each stimulation time-point showed a distinct population of Arc-expressing neurons, with only a small population (10 - 18 %) of neurons responding to both stimulations. This suggests that either each stimulation event activates a different population of neurons, or that Arc is marking something other than simple cellular activation, such as long-term cellular changes that do not occur twice within a 25 minute time frame. Investigation using the newly established double-FISH protocol revealed that, of the bitter-responsive Arc expressing neuron population: 16 % co-expressed calcitonin RNA; 17 % co-expressed glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor RNA; 17 % co-expressed hypocretin receptor 1 RNA; 9 % co-expressed gastrin-releasing peptide RNA; and 20 % co-expressed neurotensin RNA. This co-expression with multiple different neuropeptides suggests that bitter-activated Arc expression mediates multiple neural responses to the taste event, such as taste aversion learning, suppression of food intake, increased heart rate, and involves multiple brain structures such as the lateral hypothalamus, amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and the thalamus. The increase in Arc-expression suggests that bitter taste stimulation, and umami taste stimulation in umami-averse animals, may result in an enhanced state of Arc- dependent synaptic plasticity in the PbN, allowing animals to form taste-relevant memories to these aversive compounds more readily. The results investigating neuropeptide RNA co- expression suggest the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and thalamus as possible targets for bitter-responsive Arc-expressing PbN neurons. 2017 XIII, 109 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-396600 Department Psychologie OPUS4-40355 Dissertation Trendelenburg, Valérie Therapie der Erdnussallergie durch orale Immuntherapie Einleitung: Die Erdnussallergie zählt zu den häufigsten Nahrungsmittelallergien im Kindesalter. Bereits kleine Mengen Erdnuss (EN) können zu schweren allergischen Reaktionen führen. EN ist der häufigste Auslöser einer lebensbedrohlichen Anaphylaxie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Im Gegensatz zu anderen frühkindlichen Nahrungsmittelallergien entwickeln Patienten mit einer EN-Allergie nur selten eine natürliche Toleranz. Seit mehreren Jahren wird daher an kausalen Therapiemöglichkeiten für EN-Allergiker, insbesondere an der oralen Immuntherapie (OIT), geforscht. Erste kleinere Studien zur OIT bei EN-Allergie zeigten erfolgsversprechende Ergebnisse. Im Rahmen einer randomisierten, doppelblind, Placebo-kontrollierten Studie mit größerer Fallzahl werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit die klinische Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit dieser Therapieoption bei Kindern mit EN-Allergie genauer evaluiert. Des Weiteren werden immunologische Veränderungen sowie die Lebensqualität und Therapiebelastung unter OIT untersucht. Methoden: Kinder zwischen 3-18 Jahren mit einer IgE-vermittelten EN-Allergie wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen. Vor Beginn der OIT wurde eine orale Provokation mit EN durchgeführt. Die Patienten wurden 1:1 randomisiert und entsprechend der Verum- oder Placebogruppe zugeordnet. Begonnen wurde mit 2-120 mg EN bzw. Placebo pro Tag, abhängig von der Reaktionsdosis bei der oralen Provokation. Zunächst wurde die tägliche OIT-Dosis alle zwei Wochen über etwa 14 Monate langsam bis zu einer Erhaltungsdosis von mindestens 500 mg EN (= 125 mg EN-Protein, ~ 1 kleine EN) bzw. Placebo gesteigert. Die maximal erreichte Dosis wurde dann über zwei Monate täglich zu Hause verabreicht. Im Anschluss erfolgte erneut eine orale Provokation mit EN. Der primäre Endpunkt der Studie war die Anzahl an Patienten der Verum- und Placebogruppe, die unter oraler Provokation nach OIT ≥1200 mg EN vertrugen (=„partielle Desensibilisierung"). Sowohl vor als auch nach OIT wurde ein Hautpricktest mit EN durchgeführt und EN-spezifisches IgE und IgG4 im Serum bestimmt. Außerdem wurden die Basophilenaktivierung sowie die Ausschüttung von T-Zell-spezifischen Zytokinen nach Stimulation mit EN in vitro gemessen. Anhand von Fragebögen wurde die Lebensqualität vor und nach OIT sowie die Therapiebelastung während OIT erfasst. Ergebnisse: 62 Patienten wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen und randomisiert. Nach etwa 16 Monaten unter OIT zeigten 74,2% (23/31) der Patienten der Verumgruppe und nur 16,1% (5/31) der Placebogruppe eine „partielle Desensibilisierung" gegenüber EN (p<0,001). Im Median vertrugen Patienten der Verumgruppe 4000 mg EN (~8 kleine EN) unter der Provokation nach OIT wohingegen Patienten der Placebogruppe nur 80 mg EN (~1/6 kleine EN) vertrugen (p<0,001). Fast die Hälfte der Patienten der Verumgruppe (41,9%) tolerierten die Höchstdosis von 18 g EN unter Provokation („komplette Desensibilisierung"). Es zeigte sich ein vergleichbares Sicherheitsprofil unter Verum- und Placebo-OIT in Bezug auf objektive Nebenwirkungen. Unter Verum-OIT kam es jedoch signifikant häufiger zu subjektiven Nebenwirkungen wie oralem Juckreiz oder Bauchschmerzen im Vergleich zu Placebo (3,7% der Verum-OIT-Gaben vs. 0,5% der Placebo-OIT-Gaben, p<0,001). Drei Kinder der Verumgruppe (9,7%) und sieben Kinder der Placebogruppe (22,6%) beendeten die Studie vorzeitig, je zwei Patienten beider Gruppen aufgrund von Nebenwirkungen. Im Gegensatz zu Placebo, zeigten sich unter Verum-OIT signifikante immunologische Veränderungen. So kam es zu einer Abnahme des EN-spezifischen Quaddeldurchmessers im Hautpricktest, einem Anstieg der EN-spezifischen IgG4-Werte im Serum sowie zu einer verminderten EN-spezifischen Zytokinsekretion, insbesondere der Th2-spezifischen Zytokine IL-4 und IL-5. Hinsichtlich der EN-spezifischen IgE-Werte sowie der EN-spezifischen Basophilenaktivierung zeigten sich hingegen keine Veränderungen unter OIT. Die Lebensqualität von Kindern der Verumgruppe war nach OIT signifikant verbessert, jedoch nicht bei Kindern der Placebogruppe. Während der OIT wurde die Therapie von fast allen Kindern (82%) und Müttern (82%) als positiv bewertet (= niedrige Therapiebelastung). Diskussion: Die EN-OIT führte bei einem Großteil der EN-allergischen Kinder zu einer Desensibilisierung und einer deutlich erhöhten Reaktionsschwelle auf EN. Somit sind die Kinder im Alltag vor akzidentellen Reaktionen auf EN geschützt, was die Lebensqualität der Kinder deutlich verbessert. Unter den kontrollierten Studienbedingungen zeigte sich ein akzeptables Sicherheitsprofil, mit vorrangig milder Symptomatik. Die klinische Desensibilisierung ging mit Veränderungen auf immunologischer Ebene einher. Langzeitstudien zur EN-OIT müssen jedoch abgewartet werden, um die klinische und immunologische Wirksamkeit hinsichtlich einer möglichen langfristigen oralen Toleranzinduktion sowie die Sicherheit unter langfristiger OIT zu untersuchen, bevor das Therapiekonzept in die Praxis übertragen werden kann. 2017 XIV, 198 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-403557 Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft OPUS4-39601 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Toussaint Ondoua, Hervé Jacques Derrida et la déconstruction classique du corps Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 11 Das Leben im Menschen oder der Mensch im Leben? 978-3-86956-382-4 123 134 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-396013 Extern OPUS4-39461 Dissertation Titov, Evgenii Quantum chemistry and surface hopping dynamics of azobenzenes This cumulative doctoral dissertation, based on three publications, is devoted to the investigation of several aspects of azobenzene molecular switches, with the aid of computational chemistry. In the first paper, the isomerization rates of a thermal cis → trans isomerization of azobenzenes for species formed upon an integer electron transfer, i.e., with added or removed electron, are calculated from Eyring's transition state theory and activation energy barriers, computed by means of density functional theory. The obtained results are discussed in connection with an experimental study of the thermal cis → trans isomerization of azobenzene derivatives in the presence of gold nanoparticles, which is demonstrated to be greatly accelerated in comparison to the same isomerization reaction in the absence of nanoparticles. The second paper is concerned with electronically excited states of (i) dimers, composed of two photoswitchable units placed closely side-by-side, as well as (ii) monomers and dimers adsorbed on a silicon cluster. A variety of quantum chemistry methods, capable of calculating molecular electronic absorption spectra, based on density functional and wave function theories, is employed to quantify changes in optical absorption upon dimerization and covalent grafting to a surface. Specifically, the exciton (Davydov) splitting between states of interest is determined from first-principles calculations with the help of natural transition orbital analysis, allowing for insight into the nature of excited states. In the third paper, nonadiabatic molecular dynamics with trajectory surface hopping is applied to model the photoisomerization of azobenzene dimers, (i) for the isolated case (exhibiting the exciton coupling between two molecules) as well as (ii) for the constrained case (providing the van der Waals interaction with environment in addition to the exciton coupling between two monomers). For the latter, the additional azobenzene molecules, surrounding the dimer, are introduced, mimicking a densely packed self-assembled monolayer. From obtained results it is concluded that the isolated dimer is capable of isomerization likewise the monomer, whereas the steric hindrance considerably suppresses trans → cis photoisomerization. Furthermore, the present dissertation comprises the general introduction describing the main features of the azobenzene photoswitch and objectives of this work, theoretical basis of the employed methods, and discussion of gained findings in the light of existing literature. Also, additional results on (i) activation parameters of the thermal cis → trans isomerization of azobenzenes, (ii) an approximate scheme to account for anharmonicity of molecular vibrations in calculation of the activation entropy, as well as (iii) absorption spectra of photoswitch-silicon composites obtained from time-demanding wave function-based methods are presented. 2017 205 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-394610 Institut für Chemie OPUS4-10316 Buch (Monographie) Tietz, Christian; Pelchen, Chris; Meinel, Christoph; Schnjakin, Maxim Management Digitaler Identitäten Um den zunehmenden Diebstahl digitaler Identitäten zu bekämpfen, gibt es bereits mehr als ein Dutzend Technologien. Sie sind, vor allem bei der Authentifizierung per Passwort, mit spezifischen Nachteilen behaftet, haben andererseits aber auch jeweils besondere Vorteile. Wie solche Kommunikationsstandards und -Protokolle wirkungsvoll miteinander kombiniert werden können, um dadurch mehr Sicherheit zu erreichen, haben die Autoren dieser Studie analysiert. Sie sprechen sich für neuartige Identitätsmanagement-Systeme aus, die sich flexibel auf verschiedene Rollen eines einzelnen Nutzers einstellen können und bequemer zu nutzen sind als bisherige Verfahren. Als ersten Schritt auf dem Weg hin zu einer solchen Identitätsmanagement-Plattform beschreiben sie die Möglichkeiten einer Analyse, die sich auf das individuelle Verhalten eines Nutzers oder einer Sache stützt. Ausgewertet werden dabei Sensordaten mobiler Geräte, welche die Nutzer häufig bei sich tragen und umfassend einsetzen, also z.B. internetfähige Mobiltelefone, Fitness-Tracker und Smart Watches. Die Wissenschaftler beschreiben, wie solche Kleincomputer allein z.B. anhand der Analyse von Bewegungsmustern, Positionsund Netzverbindungsdaten kontinuierlich ein „Vertrauens-Niveau" errechnen können. Mit diesem ermittelten „Trust Level" kann jedes Gerät ständig die Wahrscheinlichkeit angeben, mit der sein aktueller Benutzer auch der tatsächliche Besitzer ist, dessen typische Verhaltensmuster es genauestens „kennt". Wenn der aktuelle Wert des Vertrauens-Niveaus (nicht aber die biometrischen Einzeldaten) an eine externe Instanz wie einen Identitätsprovider übermittelt wird, kann dieser das Trust Level allen Diensten bereitstellen, welche der Anwender nutzt und darüber informieren will. Jeder Dienst ist in der Lage, selbst festzulegen, von welchem Vertrauens-Niveau an er einen Nutzer als authentifiziert ansieht. Erfährt er von einem unter das Limit gesunkenen Trust Level, kann der Identitätsprovider seine Nutzung und die anderer Services verweigern. Die besonderen Vorteile dieses Identitätsmanagement-Ansatzes liegen darin, dass er keine spezifische und teure Hardware benötigt, um spezifische Daten auszuwerten, sondern lediglich Smartphones und so genannte Wearables. Selbst Dinge wie Maschinen, die Daten über ihr eigenes Verhalten per Sensor-Chip ins Internet funken, können einbezogen werden. Die Daten werden kontinuierlich im Hintergrund erhoben, ohne dass sich jemand darum kümmern muss. Sie sind nur für die Berechnung eines Wahrscheinlichkeits-Messwerts von Belang und verlassen niemals das Gerät. Meldet sich ein Internetnutzer bei einem Dienst an, muss er sich nicht zunächst an ein vorher festgelegtes Geheimnis - z.B. ein Passwort - erinnern, sondern braucht nur die Weitergabe seines aktuellen Vertrauens-Wertes mit einem „OK" freizugeben. Ändert sich das Nutzungsverhalten - etwa durch andere Bewegungen oder andere Orte des Einloggens ins Internet als die üblichen - wird dies schnell erkannt. Unbefugten kann dann sofort der Zugang zum Smartphone oder zu Internetdiensten gesperrt werden. Künftig kann die Auswertung von Verhaltens-Faktoren noch erweitert werden, indem z.B. Routinen an Werktagen, an Wochenenden oder im Urlaub erfasst werden. Der Vergleich mit den live erhobenen Daten zeigt dann an, ob das Verhalten in das übliche Muster passt, der Benutzer also mit höchster Wahrscheinlichkeit auch der ausgewiesene Besitzer des Geräts ist. Über die Techniken des Managements digitaler Identitäten und die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen gibt diese Studie einen umfassenden Überblick. Sie beschreibt zunächst, welche Arten von Angriffen es gibt, durch die digitale Identitäten gestohlen werden können. Sodann werden die unterschiedlichen Verfahren von Identitätsnachweisen vorgestellt. Schließlich liefert die Studie noch eine zusammenfassende Übersicht über die 15 wichtigsten Protokolle und technischen Standards für die Kommunikation zwischen den drei beteiligten Akteuren: Service Provider/Dienstanbieter, Identitätsprovider und Nutzer. Abschließend wird aktuelle Forschung des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts zum Identitätsmanagement vorgestellt. Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 65 978-3-86956-395-4 114 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-103164 Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering gGmbH OPUS4-40952 Masterarbeit / Diplomarbeit Thomä, Jonas Swearing in a public place Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt das Vorkommen von Schimpfwörtern auf der online Plattform "Reddit". Die drei zugrundeliegenden Forschungsfragen sind: Wie oft werden Schimpfwörter benutzt? Wie werden diese von den Lesern aufgenommen? Beeinflusst das Thema einer Konversation die Reaktion der Leser und die allgemeine Häufigkeit der Nutzung? Die zugrundeliegenden Daten beinhalten fast 900 Millionen Wörter und stammen aus dem Februar 2017. Sie sind damit höchstaktuell und repräsentativ. Im Vergleich zu anderen Untersuchungen ist das Korpus damit wesentlich größer. Zusätzlich werden im theoretischen Teil die linguistischen Grundlagen zu Schimpfwörtern erörtert. Dazu gehören u.a. Konzepte wie die Höflichkeitstheorie, das Thema Tabu und die dazugehörenden Worte und Zensur. Dies wird getan um die Faktoren, die die Benutzung und Verwendung von Schimpfwörtern beeinflussen darzulegen. Dabei wird herausgestellt, was Schimpfwörter so besonders im Vergleich zu anderen Wortgruppen macht. Zudem werden weitere Forschungsergebnisse, die aus anderen Korpora stammen dargelegt und hinterher mit den Resultaten verglichen. Dies beinhaltet Korpora die sich ebenfalls aus Onlinekommunikationen zusammensetzen, sowie Korpora die gesprochene Sprache wiedergeben. Die Ergebnisse aus allen dargestellten Korpora behandeln Ergebnisse aus der englischen Sprache. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie weisen daraufhin, dass die Schimpfwörter auf Reddit ungefähr gleichhäufig wie auf anderen Plattformen benutzt werden. Die Reaktionen auf diese Schimpfwörter ist überdurchschnittlich positiv, was darauf schließen lässt, dass die Benutzung von Schimpfwörtern auf Reddit nicht als unhöflich aufgefasst wird. Zudem konnte ein Einfluss des Diskussionsthemas auf die Häufigkeit und Rezeption von Schimpfwörtern festgestellt werden. 2017 81 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409521 Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik OPUS4-39663 misc Thomas, Linda; Stadler, Heike Die Bedeutung der Affiliation für die Messung des Publikationsaufkommens einer Organisation In Vorbereitung zur Teilnahme am Times Higher Education Ranking hat die Universität Potsdam das Publikationsaufkommen im Rahmen einer Output-Analyse gemessen. Es stellte sich heraus, dass die Angabe der Affiliation, welche die Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler tätigen, eine wichtige Stellschraube zur Ermittlung der Grundzahl ist. Der vorliegende Artikel spiegelt die herausfordernde Ausgangssituation wider. 2017 6 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-396633 Universitätsbibliothek OPUS4-42390 misc Thirumalaikumar, Venkatesh P.; Devkar, Vikas; Mehterov, Nikolay; Ali, Shawkat; Ozgur, Rengin; Turkan, Ismail; Müller-Röber, Bernd; Balazadeh, Salma NAC transcription factor JUNGBRUNNEN1 enhances drought tolerance in tomato Water deficit (drought stress) massively restricts plant growth and the yield of crops; reducing the deleterious effects of drought is therefore of high agricultural relevance. Drought triggers diverse cellular processes including the inhibition of photosynthesis, the accumulation of cell-damaging reactive oxygen species and gene expression reprogramming, besides others. Transcription factors (TF) are central regulators of transcriptional reprogramming and expression of many TF genes is affected by drought, including members of the NAC family. Here, we identify the NAC factor JUNGBRUNNEN1 (JUB1) as a regulator of drought tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Expression of tomato JUB1 (SlJUB1) is enhanced by various abiotic stresses, including drought. Inhibiting SlJUB1 by virus-induced gene silencing drastically lowers drought tolerance concomitant with an increase in ion leakage, an elevation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels and a decrease in the expression of various drought-responsive genes. In contrast, overexpression of AtJUB1 from Arabidopsis thaliana increases drought tolerance in tomato, alongside with a higher relative leaf water content during drought and reduced H2O2 levels. AtJUB1 was previously shown to stimulate expression of DREB2A, a TF involved in drought responses, and of the DELLA genes GAI and RGL1. We show here that SlJUB1 similarly controls the expression of the tomato orthologs SlDREB1, SlDREB2 and SlDELLA. Furthermore, AtJUB1 directly binds to the promoters of SlDREB1, SlDREB2 and SlDELLA in tomato. Our study highlights JUB1 as a transcriptional regulator of drought tolerance and suggests considerable conservation of the abiotic stress-related gene regulatory networks controlled by this NAC factor between Arabidopsis and tomato. 2017 13 Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe 568 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-423908 10.25932/publishup-42390 Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät OPUS4-40107 Dissertation Thim, Christof Technologieakzeptanz in Organisationen Technological change is influencing organisations in their operation. It is used as a means to enhance productivity or to gain momentum on the market. The success of introducing new technologies into the organisation relies heavily on user acceptance. Existing explanations like the Diffusion of Innovation Theory (Rogers, 2003) and the Technology Acceptance Model and its extensions (Davis, 1989; Venkatesh and Davis, 1996; Venkatesh and Davis, 2000; Venkatesh, Morris, et al., 2003) do not address the organisational context sufficiently. Their models concentrate on technology adoption in a non-mandatory environment. Furthermore they do not encompass resistance against a new technology. Hence these models cannot be used to analyse the acceptance and usage decision process within organisations. This thesis therefore aims at investigating the organisational dynamics evoked by the introduction of new technologies with regard to acceptance and usage. More precisely it answers the question, whether different organisation types exert varying influences on their members and produce different patterns of acceptance and usage. The groundwork to achieve this insight is the synthesis and extension of different models of technology acceptance and organisational governance. The resulting model describes the development dynamics within an organisation and model combines two perspectives. On one hand the individual level encompasses socio-psychological aspects and individual decision making processes. This perspective is based on the aforementioned theories of individual acceptance, which are extended with different fit theories (Goodhue and Thompson, 1995; Floyd, 1986; Liu, Lee, and Chen, 2011; Parkes, 2013). Furthermore the resistance to new technology is introduced into the analysis as another possible course of action (Patsiotis, Hughes, and Webber, 2012). The organisational perspective on the other hand embeds the individual acceptance and usage decision into a social context. The interaction between organisation members based on the observation of others and the internalisation of social pressure are introduced as determinants of acceptance and usage. Furthermore organisational governance structures moderate this social influence and specify its impact. The relationship between governance and social influence is elaborated through the application of system theory to the organisational context: Actors like change agents or management use governance media (Luhmann, 1997; Fischer, 2009) to intervene in the individual decisions. The effect of these governance media varies with certain attributes of the organisation. Different coordination mechanisms of organisational configurations (Mintzberg, 1979) provide a link to governance media and their connectivity to individual decision processes. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of model a simulation experiment is conducted in AnyLogic. The validity of the model was tested in a sensitivity analysis. The results from the experiment show a specific acceptance and usage pattern. The acceptance is dropping at first due to the initial frustration. It then recovers and is growing in a bounded manner. Since usage is mandatory in an organisation, it is enforced by the management. This leads to a rapid increase of usage at first and stabilises on different levels during the course of the simulation. It was also found that different organisation configurations produce varying outcomes. The bureaucratic organisation enforces the usage better than any other configuration, leading to a higher usage level. However it fails to produce acceptance. The adhocracy on the other hand reaches a higher acceptance level through mutual adjustment. Its downside is the lack of usage. Furthermore the behaviour is not predictable, which can either lead to mostly positive outcomes or the complete break-down of the diffusion process. The simulation shows that organisations have to decide during the introduction of a new technology whether they want high usage rates fast with the risk of failing in the long term or establish a self-enforcing and sustainable diffusion processes which requires more time to be effective. 2017 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401070 Wirtschaftswissenschaften OPUS4-40299 Dissertation Thielemann-Kühn, Nele Optically induced ferro- and antiferromagnetic dynamics in the rare-earth metal dysprosium Approaching physical limits in speed and size of today's magnetic storage and processing technologies demands new concepts for controlling magnetization and moves researches on optically induced magnetic dynamics. Studies on photoinduced magnetization dynamics and their underlying mechanisms have been primarily performed on ferromagnetic metals. Ferromagnetic dynamics bases on transfer of the conserved angular momentum connected with atomic magnetic moments out of the parallel aligned magnetic system into other degrees of freedom. In this thesis the so far rarely studied response of antiferromagnetic order to ultra-short optical laser pulses in a metal is investigated. The experiments were performed at the FemtoSpex slicing facility at the storage ring BESSY II, an unique source for ultra-short elliptically polarized x-ray pulses. Laser-induced changes of the 4f-magnetic order parameter in ferro- and antiferromagnetic dysprosium (Dy), were studied by x-ray methods, which yield directly comparable quantities. The discovered fundamental differences in the temporal and spatial behavior of ferro- and antiferrmagnetic dynamics are assinged to an additional channel for angular momentum transfer, which reduces the antiferromagnetic order by redistributing angular momentum within the non-parallel aligned magnetic system, and hence conserves the zero net magnetization. It is shown that antiferromagnetic dynamics proceeds considerably faster and more energy-efficient than demagnetization in ferromagnets. By probing antiferromagnetic order in time and space, it is found to be affected along the whole sample depth of an in situ grown 73 nm tick Dy film. Interatomic transfer of angular momentum via fast diffusion of laser-excited 5d electrons is held responsible for the out-most long-ranging effect. Ultrafast ferromagnetic dynamics can be expected to base on the same origin, which however leads to demagnetization only in regions close to interfaces caused by super-diffusive spin transport. Dynamics due to local scattering processes of excited but less mobile electrons, occur in both magnetic alignments only in directly excited regions of the sample and on slower pisosecond timescales. The thesis provides fundamental insights into photoinduced magnetic dynamics by directly comparing ferro- and antiferromagnetic dynamics in the same material and by consideration of the laser-induced magnetic depth profile. 2017 iv, 121 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-402994 Institut für Physik und Astronomie OPUS4-40470 Masterarbeit / Diplomarbeit Thews, Ingmar Defensives und expansives Lernen Während des Praxissemesters sammeln Studierende ihre ersten längeren praktischen Erfahrungen als Lehrkraft. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass diese ersten Erfahrungen bereits prägend für die spätere Lehrtätigkeit sein können. Sei es als berufliche Orientierung oder als kleiner Schritt zur Herausbildung der eigenen Lehrpersönlichkeit. Herr Ingmar Thews widmet sich mit seiner Arbeit der wichtigen Frage, inwieweit Studierende Schule als Raum für „expansives" oder „defensives" Lernen erleben. Dabei führt er nach der subjektwissenschaftlichen Theorie von Klaus Holzkamp eine Inhaltsanalyse von Tonaufnahmen, welche während des Praxissemesters entstanden sind, durch. Die Ergebnisse bieten einen tieferen Einblick, wie Studierende Schule während ihrer Praxisphasen erleben. Dass defensives Lernen immer noch einen großen Teil der Erfahrungen der Studierenden ausmacht und zum Alltag von Schule gehört, ist eine Erkenntnis, die einen nachdenklich stimmen kann. Mit dem Seminarkonzept „Expansives Lernen fördern durch eine prozessorientierte Didaktik" hat Herr Thews einen Rahmen geschaffen, der Studierenden die Möglichkeit gibt, über ihre negativen und positiven Erfahrungen zu sprechen und gleichzeitig über die Gestaltung expansiver Lernräume nachzudenken. Im Sinne einer prozessorientierten Didaktik würden wir uns freuen, wenn die Handreichung von Herrn Thews vielfältige Verwendung und Erweiterung in anderen Seminaren des Praxissemesters findet. Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 xiii, 102 Lern dich glücklich – Arbeiten zum prozessorientierten Lehren und Lernen 1 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404703 Lehreinheit für Wirtschafts-Arbeit-Technik OPUS4-41055 Dissertation Theuring, Philipp Christian Suspended sediments in the Kharaa River, sources and impacts Anthropogenically amplified erosion leads to increased fine-grained sediment input into the fluvial system in the 15.000 km2 Kharaa River catchment in northern Mongolia and constitutes a major stressing factor for the aquatic ecosystem. This study uniquely combines the application of intensive monitoring, source fingerprinting and catchment modelling techniques to allow for the comparison of the credibility and accuracy of each single method. High-resolution discharge data were used in combination with daily suspended solid measurements to calculate the suspended sediment budget and compare it with estimations of the sediment budget model SedNet. The comparison of both techniques showed that the development of an overall sediment budget with SedNet was possible, yielding results in the same order of magnitude (20.3 kt a- 1 and 16.2 kt a- 1). Radionuclide sediment tracing, using Be-7, Cs-137 and Pb-210 was applied to differentiate sediment sources for particles < 10μm from hillslope and riverbank erosion and showed that riverbank erosion generates 74.5% of the suspended sediment load, whereas surface erosion contributes 21.7% and gully erosion only 3.8%. The contribution of the single subcatchments of the Kharaa to the suspended sediment load was assessed based on their variation in geochemical composition (e.g. in Ti, Sn, Mo, Mn, As, Sr, B, U, Ca and Sb). These variations were used for sediment source discrimination with geochemical composite fingerprints based on Genetic Algorithm driven Discriminant Function Analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Principal Component Analysis. The contributions of the individual sub-catchment varied from 6.4% to 36.2%, generally showing higher contributions from the sub-catchments in the middle, rather than the upstream portions of the study area. The results indicate that river bank erosion generated by existing grazing practices of livestock is the main cause for elevated fine sediment input. Actions towards the protection of the headwaters and the stabilization of the river banks within the middle reaches were identified as the highest priority. Deforestation and by lodging and forest fires should be prevented to avoid increased hillslope erosion in the mountainous areas. Mining activities are of minor importance for the overall catchment sediment load but can constitute locally important point sources for particular heavy metals in the fluvial system. 2017 135 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-410550 Institut für Geowissenschaften OPUS4-40552 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Tellisch, Christin Sprachliches Handeln von Musiklehrenden im Spannungsfeld von Anerkennung und Verletzung von Schülerinnen und Schülern Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 34 Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikpädagogik 978-3-86956-410-4 91 125 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-405525 Department Musik und Kunst OPUS4-40561 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Tellisch, Christin Maßstäbe eines humanen Musikunterrichts als Grundlage einer inklusiven Musikpädagogik Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 23 Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikpädagogik 978-3-86956-411-1 157 180 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-405612 Department Musik und Kunst OPUS4-39606 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Tavakkoli, Amirpasha Le destin de l'état de nature à l'époque du progrès des sciences et des arts Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 14 Das Leben im Menschen oder der Mensch im Leben? 978-3-86956-382-4 223 237 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-396063 Extern OPUS4-40045 misc Taubert, Andreas; Balischewski, Christian; Hentrich, Doreen; Elschner, Thomas; Eidner, Sascha; Günter, Christina; Behrens, Karsten; Heinze, Thomas Water-soluble cellulose derivatives are sustainable additives for biomimetic calcium phosphate mineralization The effect of cellulose-based polyelectrolytes on biomimetic calcium phosphate mineralization is described. Three cellulose derivatives, a polyanion, a polycation, and a polyzwitterion were used as additives. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, IR and Raman spectroscopy show that, depending on the composition of the starting solution, hydroxyapatite or brushite precipitates form. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy also show that significant amounts of nitrate ions are incorporated in the precipitates. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy shows that the Ca/P ratio varies throughout the samples and resembles that of other bioinspired calcium phosphate hybrid materials. Elemental analysis shows that the carbon (i.e., polymer) contents reach 10% in some samples, clearly illustrating the formation of a true hybrid material. Overall, the data indicate that a higher polymer concentration in the reaction mixture favors the formation of polymer-enriched materials, while lower polymer concentrations or high precursor concentrations favor the formation of products that are closely related to the control samples precipitated in the absence of polymer. The results thus highlight the potential of (water-soluble) cellulose derivatives for the synthesis and design of bioinspired and bio-based hybrid materials. 2017 17 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-400453 Institut für Chemie OPUS4-39922 Bericht Sultanow, Eldar; Volkov, Denis; Cox, Sean Introducing a Finite State Machine for processing Collatz Sequences The present work will introduce a Finite State Machine (FSM) that processes any Collatz Sequence; further, we will endeavor to investigate its behavior in relationship to transformations of a special infinite input. Moreover, we will prove that the machine's word transformation is equivalent to the standard Collatz number transformation and subsequently discuss the possibilities for use of this approach at solving similar problems. The benefit of this approach is that the investigation of the word transformation performed by the Finite State Machine is less complicated than the traditional number-theoretical transformation. 1st version 2017 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399223 Wirtschaftswissenschaften OPUS4-40473 Bericht Sultanow, Eldar; Volkov, Denis; Cox, Sean Introducing a Finite State Machine for processing Collatz Sequences The present work will introduce a Finite State Machine (FSM) that processes any Collatz Sequence; further, we will endeavor to investigate its behavior in relationship to transformations of a special infinite input. Moreover, we will prove that the machine's word transformation is equivalent to the standard Collatz number transformation and subsequently discuss the possibilities for use of this approach at solving similar problems. The benefit of this approach is that the investigation of the word transformation performed by the Finite State Machine is less complicated than the traditional number-theoretical transformation. 2nd version 2017 17 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404738 Wirtschaftswissenschaften OPUS4-47462 misc Sullivan, Mitchell A.; Nitschke, Silvia; Steup, Martin; Minassian, Berge A.; Nitschke, Felix Pathogenesis of Lafora disease Lafora disease (LD, OMIM #254780) is a rare, recessively inherited neurodegenerative disease with adolescent onset, resulting in progressive myoclonus epilepsy which is fatal usually within ten years of symptom onset. The disease is caused by loss-of-function mutations in either of the two genes EPM2A (laforin) or EPM2B (malin). It characteristically involves the accumulation of insoluble glycogen-derived particles, named Lafora bodies (LBs), which are considered neurotoxic and causative of the disease. The pathogenesis of LD is therefore centred on the question of how insoluble LBs emerge from soluble glycogen. Recent data clearly show that an abnormal glycogen chain length distribution, but neither hyperphosphorylation nor impairment of general autophagy, strictly correlates with glycogen accumulation and the presence of LBs. This review summarizes results obtained with patients, mouse models, and cell lines and consolidates apparent paradoxes in the LD literature. Based on the growing body of evidence, it proposes that LD is predominantly caused by an impairment in chain-length regulation affecting only a small proportion of the cellular glycogen. A better grasp of LD pathogenesis will further develop our understanding of glycogen metabolism and structure. It will also facilitate the development of clinical interventions that appropriately target the underlying cause of LD. 2017 18 Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe 1080 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-474622 10.25932/publishup-47462 Institut für Biochemie und Biologie OPUS4-40829 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Struck, Oliver Age of Empires 3 Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 32 Militär und Gesellschaft in der frühen Neuzeit 20 83 115 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408290 Historisches Institut OPUS4-40276 misc Stober, Sebastian Toward Studying Music Cognition with Information Retrieval Techniques As an emerging sub-field of music information retrieval (MIR), music imagery information retrieval (MIIR) aims to retrieve information from brain activity recorded during music cognition-such as listening to or imagining music pieces. This is a highly inter-disciplinary endeavor that requires expertise in MIR as well as cognitive neuroscience and psychology. The OpenMIIR initiative strives to foster collaborations between these fields to advance the state of the art in MIIR. As a first step, electroencephalography (EEG) recordings of music perception and imagination have been made publicly available, enabling MIR researchers to easily test and adapt their existing approaches for music analysis like fingerprinting, beat tracking or tempo estimation on this new kind of data. This paper reports on first results of MIIR experiments using these OpenMIIR datasets and points out how these findings could drive new research in cognitive neuroscience. 2017 17 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-402762 Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften OPUS4-39573 misc Stelzel, Christine; Schauenburg, Gesche; Rapp, Michael Armin; Heinzel, Stephan; Granacher, Urs Age-Related Interference between the Selection of Input-Output Modality Mappings and Postural Control Age-related decline in executive functions and postural control due to degenerative processes in the central nervous system have been related to increased fall-risk in old age. Many studies have shown cognitive-postural dual-task interference in old adults, but research on the role of specific executive functions in this context has just begun. In this study, we addressed the question whether postural control is impaired depending on the coordination of concurrent response-selection processes related to the compatibility of input and output modality mappings as compared to impairments related to working-memory load in the comparison of cognitive dual and single tasks. Specifically, we measured total center of pressure (CoP) displacements in healthy female participants aged 19-30 and 66-84 years while they performed different versions of a spatial one-back working memory task during semi-tandem stance on an unstable surface (i.e., balance pad) while standing on a force plate. The specific working-memory tasks comprised: (i) modality compatible single tasks (i.e., visual-manual or auditory-vocal tasks), (ii) modality compatible dual tasks (i.e., visual-manual and auditory-vocal tasks), (iii) modality incompatible single tasks (i.e., visual-vocal or auditory-manual tasks), and (iv) modality incompatible dual tasks (i.e., visual-vocal and auditory-manual tasks). In addition, participants performed the same tasks while sitting. As expected from previous research, old adults showed generally impaired performance under high working-memory load (i.e., dual vs. single one-back task). In addition, modality compatibility affected one-back performance in dual-task but not in single-task conditions with strikingly pronounced impairments in old adults. Notably, the modality incompatible dual task also resulted in a selective increase in total CoP displacements compared to the modality compatible dual task in the old but not in the young participants. These results suggest that in addition to effects of working-memory load, processes related to simultaneously overcoming special linkages between input- and output modalities interfere with postural control in old but not in young female adults. Our preliminary data provide further evidence for the involvement of cognitive control processes in postural tasks. 2017 15 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395733 Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften OPUS4-40553 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Steinmann, Brigitte Spracherwerb unter erschwerten Bedingungen Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 26 Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikpädagogik 978-3-86956-410-4 127 153 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-405534 Department Musik und Kunst OPUS4-10473 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Stein, Ursula Bürgerpartizipation durch eine Änderung der Verwaltungskultur Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 10 Partizipation in der Bürgerkommune (KWI Schriften) 978-3-86956-371-8 10 45 55 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-104739 Kommunalwissenschaftliches Institut OPUS4-39621 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Stahl, Marion Zwischen Initiative und Passivität Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 12 Das Leben im Menschen oder der Mensch im Leben? 978-3-86956-382-4 483 495 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-396216 Extern OPUS4-40319 misc Sprinz, Detlef F. Long-term environmental policy Long-term policy issues are a particularly vexing class of environmental policy issues which merit increasing attention due to the long-time horizons involved, the incongruity with political cycles, and the challenges for collective action. Following the definition of long-term environmental policy challenges, I pose three questions as challenges for future research, namely 1. Are present democracies well suited to cope with long-term policy challenges? 2. Are top-down or bottom-up solutions to long-term environmental policy challenges advisable? 3. Will mitigation and adaptation of environmental challenges suffice? In concluding, the contribution raises the issue of credible commitment for long-term policy issues and potential design options. 2017 4 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-403193 Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Fakultät OPUS4-41843 misc Spekkers, Matthieu; Rözer, Viktor; Thieken, Annegret Henriette; ten Veldhuis, Marie-Claire; Kreibich, Heidi A comparative survey of the impacts of extreme rainfall in two international case studies Flooding is assessed as the most important natural hazard in Europe, causing thousands of deaths, affecting millions of people and accounting for large economic losses in the past decade. Little is known about the damage processes associated with extreme rainfall in cities, due to a lack of accurate, comparable and consistent damage data. The objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of extreme rainfall on residential buildings and how affected households coped with these impacts in terms of precautionary and emergency actions. Analyses are based on a unique dataset of damage characteristics and a wide range of potential damage explaining variables at the household level, collected through computer-aided telephone interviews (CATI) and an online survey. Exploratory data analyses based on a total of 859 completed questionnaires in the cities of Munster (Germany) and Amsterdam (the Netherlands) revealed that the uptake of emergency measures is related to characteristics of the hazardous event. In case of high water levels, more efforts are made to reduce damage, while emergency response that aims to prevent damage is less likely to be effective. The difference in magnitude of the events in Munster and Amsterdam, in terms of rainfall intensity and water depth, is probably also the most important cause for the differences between the cities in terms of the suffered financial losses. Factors that significantly contributed to damage in at least one of the case studies are water contamination, the presence of a basement in the building and people's awareness of the upcoming event. Moreover, this study confirms conclusions by previous studies that people's experience with damaging events positively correlates with precautionary behaviour. For improving future damage data acquisition, we recommend the inclusion of cell phones in a CATI survey to avoid biased sampling towards certain age groups. 2017 19 Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe 640 1337 1355 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-418432 10.25932/publishup-41843 Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät OPUS4-39590 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Sommer, Christian Approches du vivant entre anthropologie et phénoménologie Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017 17 Das Leben im Menschen oder der Mensch im Leben? 978-3-86956-382-4 59 76 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395904 Extern OPUS4-39707 Dissertation Solms, Alexander Maximilian Integrating nonlinear mixed effects and physiologically-based modeling approaches for the analysis of repeated measurement studies During the drug discovery & development process, several phases encompassing a number of preclinical and clinical studies have to be successfully passed to demonstrate safety and efficacy of a new drug candidate. As part of these studies, the characterization of the drug's pharmacokinetics (PK) is an important aspect, since the PK is assumed to strongly impact safety and efficacy. To this end, drug concentrations are measured repeatedly over time in a study population. The objectives of such studies are to describe the typical PK time-course and the associated variability between subjects. Furthermore, underlying sources significantly contributing to this variability, e.g. the use of comedication, should be identified. The most commonly used statistical framework to analyse repeated measurement data is the nonlinear mixed effect (NLME) approach. At the same time, ample knowledge about the drug's properties already exists and has been accumulating during the discovery & development process: Before any drug is tested in humans, detailed knowledge about the PK in different animal species has to be collected. This drug-specific knowledge and general knowledge about the species' physiology is exploited in mechanistic physiological based PK (PBPK) modeling approaches -it is, however, ignored in the classical NLME modeling approach. Mechanistic physiological based models aim to incorporate relevant and known physiological processes which contribute to the overlying process of interest. In comparison to data--driven models they are usually more complex from a mathematical perspective. For example, in many situations, the number of model parameters outrange the number of measurements and thus reliable parameter estimation becomes more complex and partly impossible. As a consequence, the integration of powerful mathematical estimation approaches like the NLME modeling approach -which is widely used in data-driven modeling -and the mechanistic modeling approach is not well established; the observed data is rather used as a confirming instead of a model informing and building input. Another aggravating circumstance of an integrated approach is the inaccessibility to the details of the NLME methodology so that these approaches can be adapted to the specifics and needs of mechanistic modeling. Despite the fact that the NLME modeling approach exists for several decades, details of the mathematical methodology is scattered around a wide range of literature and a comprehensive, rigorous derivation is lacking. Available literature usually only covers selected parts of the mathematical methodology. Sometimes, important steps are not described or are only heuristically motivated, e.g. the iterative algorithm to finally determine the parameter estimates. Thus, in the present thesis the mathematical methodology of NLME modeling is systemically described and complemented to a comprehensive description, comprising the common theme from ideas and motivation to the final parameter estimation. Therein, new insights for the interpretation of different approximation methods used in the context of the NLME modeling approach are given and illustrated; furthermore, similarities and differences between them are outlined. Based on these findings, an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to determine estimates of a NLME model is described. Using the EM algorithm and the lumping methodology by Pilari2010, a new approach on how PBPK and NLME modeling can be combined is presented and exemplified for the antibiotic levofloxacin. Therein, the lumping identifies which processes are informed by the available data and the respective model reduction improves the robustness in parameter estimation. Furthermore, it is shown how apriori known factors influencing the variability and apriori known unexplained variability is incorporated to further mechanistically drive the model development. Concludingly, correlation between parameters and between covariates is automatically accounted for due to the mechanistic derivation of the lumping and the covariate relationships. A useful feature of PBPK models compared to classical data-driven PK models is in the possibility to predict drug concentration within all organs and tissue in the body. Thus, the resulting PBPK model for levofloxacin is used to predict drug concentrations and their variability within soft tissues which are the site of action for levofloxacin. These predictions are compared with data of muscle and adipose tissue obtained by microdialysis, which is an invasive technique to measure a proportion of drug in the tissue, allowing to approximate the concentrations in the interstitial fluid of tissues. Because, so far, comparing human in vivo tissue PK and PBPK predictions are not established, a new conceptual framework is derived. The comparison of PBPK model predictions and microdialysis measurements shows an adequate agreement and reveals further strengths of the presented new approach. We demonstrated how mechanistic PBPK models, which are usually developed in the early stage of drug development, can be used as basis for model building in the analysis of later stages, i.e. in clinical studies. As a consequence, the extensively collected and accumulated knowledge about species and drug are utilized and updated with specific volunteer or patient data. The NLME approach combined with mechanistic modeling reveals new insights for the mechanistic model, for example identification and quantification of variability in mechanistic processes. This represents a further contribution to the learn & confirm paradigm across different stages of drug development. Finally, the applicability of mechanism--driven model development is demonstrated on an example from the field of Quantitative Psycholinguistics to analyse repeated eye movement data. Our approach gives new insight into the interpretation of these experiments and the processes behind. 2017 x, 141 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-397070 Institut für Mathematik OPUS4-40391 misc Smith, Taylor; Bookhagen, Bodo; Rheinwalt, Aljoscha Spatiotemporal patterns of High Mountain Asia's snowmelt season identified with an automated snowmelt detection algorithm, 1987-2016 High Mountain Asia (HMA) - encompassing the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding mountain ranges - is the primary water source for much of Asia, serving more than a billion downstream users. Many catchments receive the majority of their yearly water budget in the form of snow, which is poorly monitored by sparse in situ weather networks. Both the timing and volume of snowmelt play critical roles in downstream water provision, as many applications - such as agriculture, drinking-water generation, and hydropower - rely on consistent and predictable snowmelt runoff. Here, we examine passive microwave data across HMA with five sensors (SSMI, SSMIS, AMSR-E, AMSR2, and GPM) from 1987 to 2016 to track the timing of the snowmelt season - defined here as the time between maximum passive microwave signal separation and snow clearance. We validated our method against climate model surface temperatures, optical remote-sensing snow-cover data, and a manual control dataset (n = 2100, 3 variables at 25 locations over 28 years); our algorithm is generally accurate within 3-5 days. Using the algorithm-generated snowmelt dates, we examine the spatiotemporal patterns of the snowmelt season across HMA. The climatically short (29-year) time series, along with complex interannual snowfall variations, makes determining trends in snowmelt dates at a single point difficult. We instead identify trends in snowmelt timing by using hierarchical clustering of the passive microwave data to determine trends in self-similar regions. We make the following four key observations. (1) The end of the snowmelt season is trending almost universally earlier in HMA (negative trends). Changes in the end of the snowmelt season are generally between 2 and 8 days decade 1 over the 29-year study period (5-25 days total). The length of the snowmelt season is thus shrinking in many, though not all, regions of HMA. Some areas exhibit later peak signal separation (positive trends), but with generally smaller magnitudes than trends in snowmelt end. (2) Areas with long snowmelt periods, such as the Tibetan Plateau, show the strongest compression of the snowmelt season (negative trends). These trends are apparent regardless of the time period over which the regression is performed. (3) While trends averaged over 3 decades indicate generally earlier snowmelt seasons, data from the last 14 years (2002-2016) exhibit positive trends in many regions, such as parts of the Pamir and Kunlun Shan. Due to the short nature of the time series, it is not clear whether this change is a reversal of a long-term trend or simply interannual variability. (4) Some regions with stable or growing glaciers - such as the Karakoram and Kunlun Shan - see slightly later snowmelt seasons and longer snowmelt periods. It is likely that changes in the snowmelt regime of HMA account for some of the observed heterogeneity in glacier response to climate change. While the decadal increases in regional temperature have in general led to earlier and shortened melt seasons, changes in HMA's cryosphere have been spatially and temporally heterogeneous. 2017 15 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-403911 Institut für Geowissenschaften