@misc{MazzaJacobDammhahnetal.2019, author = {Mazza, Valeria and Jacob, Jens and Dammhahn, Melanie and Zaccaroni, Marco and Eccard, Jana}, title = {Individual variation in cognitive style reflects foraging and antipredator strategies in a small mammal}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {761}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43711}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437118}, pages = {9}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Balancing foraging gain and predation risk is a fundamental trade-off in the life of animals. Individual strategies to acquire, process, store and use information to solve cognitive tasks are likely to affect speed and flexibility of learning, and ecologically relevant decisions regarding foraging and predation risk. Theory suggests a functional link between individual variation in cognitive style and behaviour (animal personality) via speed-accuracy and risk-reward trade-offs. We tested whether cognitive style and personality affect risk-reward trade-off decisions posed by foraging and predation risk. We exposed 21 bank voles (Myodes glareolus) that were bold, fast learning and inflexible and 18 voles that were shy, slow learning and flexible to outdoor enclosures with different risk levels at two food patches. We quantified individual food patch exploitation, foraging and vigilance behaviour. Although both types responded to risk, fast animals increasingly exploited both food patches, gaining access to more food and spending less time searching and exercising vigilance. Slow animals progressively avoided high-risk areas, concentrating foraging effort in the low-risk one, and devoting >50\% of visit to vigilance. These patterns indicate that individual differences in cognitive style/personality are reflected in foraging and anti-predator decisions that underlie the individual risk-reward bias.}, language = {en} } @article{MazzaJacobDammhahnetal.2019, author = {Mazza, Valeria and Jacob, Jens and Dammhahn, Melanie and Zaccaroni, Marco and Eccard, Jana}, title = {Individual variation in cognitive style reflects foraging and antipredator strategies in a small mammal}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {9}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, publisher = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-46582-1}, pages = {9}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Balancing foraging gain and predation risk is a fundamental trade-off in the life of animals. Individual strategies to acquire, process, store and use information to solve cognitive tasks are likely to affect speed and flexibility of learning, and ecologically relevant decisions regarding foraging and predation risk. Theory suggests a functional link between individual variation in cognitive style and behaviour (animal personality) via speed-accuracy and risk-reward trade-offs. We tested whether cognitive style and personality affect risk-reward trade-off decisions posed by foraging and predation risk. We exposed 21 bank voles (Myodes glareolus) that were bold, fast learning and inflexible and 18 voles that were shy, slow learning and flexible to outdoor enclosures with different risk levels at two food patches. We quantified individual food patch exploitation, foraging and vigilance behaviour. Although both types responded to risk, fast animals increasingly exploited both food patches, gaining access to more food and spending less time searching and exercising vigilance. Slow animals progressively avoided high-risk areas, concentrating foraging effort in the low-risk one, and devoting >50\% of visit to vigilance. These patterns indicate that individual differences in cognitive style/personality are reflected in foraging and anti-predator decisions that underlie the individual risk-reward bias.}, language = {en} } @article{LogesTiberius2022, author = {Loges, Klara and Tiberius, Victor}, title = {Implementation Challenges of 3D Printing in Prosthodontics}, series = {Materials}, volume = {15}, journal = {Materials}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1996-1944}, doi = {10.3390/ma15020431}, pages = {10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The reduction in cost and increasing benefits of 3D printing technologies suggest the potential for printing dental prosthetics. However, although 3D printing technologies seem to be promising, their implementation in practice is complicated. To identify and rank the greatest implementation challenges of 3D printing in dental practices, the present study surveys dentists, dental technicians, and 3D printing companies using a ranking-type Delphi study. Our findings imply that a lack of knowledge is the most crucial obstacle to the implementation of 3D printing technologies. The high training effort of staff and the favoring of conventional methods, such as milling, are ranked as the second and third most relevant factors. Investment costs ranked in seventh place, whereas the lack of manufacturing facilities and the obstacle of print duration ranked below average. An inclusive implementation of additive manufacturing could be achieved primarily through the education of dentists and other staff in dental practices. In this manner, production may be managed internally, and the implementation speed may be increased.}, language = {en} } @misc{LogesTiberius2022, author = {Loges, Klara and Tiberius, Victor}, title = {Implementation Challenges of 3D Printing in Prosthodontics}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54402}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-544024}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The reduction in cost and increasing benefits of 3D printing technologies suggest the potential for printing dental prosthetics. However, although 3D printing technologies seem to be promising, their implementation in practice is complicated. To identify and rank the greatest implementation challenges of 3D printing in dental practices, the present study surveys dentists, dental technicians, and 3D printing companies using a ranking-type Delphi study. Our findings imply that a lack of knowledge is the most crucial obstacle to the implementation of 3D printing technologies. The high training effort of staff and the favoring of conventional methods, such as milling, are ranked as the second and third most relevant factors. Investment costs ranked in seventh place, whereas the lack of manufacturing facilities and the obstacle of print duration ranked below average. An inclusive implementation of additive manufacturing could be achieved primarily through the education of dentists and other staff in dental practices. In this manner, production may be managed internally, and the implementation speed may be increased.}, language = {en} } @article{HashemiRazaghiMoghadamNikoloski2021, author = {Hashemi, Seirana and Razaghi-Moghadam, Zahra and Nikoloski, Zoran}, title = {Identification of flux trade-offs in metabolic networks}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {11}, journal = {Scientific reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-03224-9}, pages = {10}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Trade-offs are inherent to biochemical networks governing diverse cellular functions, from gene expression to metabolism. Yet, trade-offs between fluxes of biochemical reactions in a metabolic network have not been formally studied. Here, we introduce the concept of absolute flux trade-offs and devise a constraint-based approach, termed FluTO, to identify and enumerate flux trade-offs in a given genome-scale metabolic network. By employing the metabolic networks of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we demonstrate that the flux trade-offs are specific to carbon sources provided but that reactions involved in the cofactor and prosthetic group biosynthesis are present in trade-offs across all carbon sources supporting growth. We also show that absolute flux trade-offs depend on the biomass reaction used to model the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana under different carbon and nitrogen conditions. The identified flux trade-offs reflect the tight coupling between nitrogen, carbon, and sulphur metabolisms in leaves of C-3 plants. Altogether, FluTO provides the means to explore the space of alternative metabolic routes reflecting the constraints imposed by inherent flux trade-offs in large-scale metabolic networks.}, language = {en} } @article{BekirSharmaUmlandtetal.2022, author = {Bekir, Marek and Sharma, Anjali and Umlandt, Maren and Lomadze, Nino and Santer, Svetlana}, title = {How to make a surface act as a micropump}, series = {Advanced materials interfaces}, volume = {9}, journal = {Advanced materials interfaces}, number = {12}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {2196-7350}, doi = {10.1002/admi.202102395}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In this paper, the phenomenon of light-driven diffusioosmotic (DO) long-range attractive and repulsive interactions between micro-sized objects trapped near a solid wall is investigated. The range of the DO flow extends several times the size of microparticles and can be adjusted to point towards or away from the particle by varying irradiation parameters such as intensity or wavelength of light. The "fuel" of the light-driven DO flow is a photosensitive surfactant which can be photo-isomerized between trans and cis-states. The trans-isomer tends to accumulate at the interface, while the cis-isomer prefers to stay in solution. In combination with a dissimilar photo-isomerization rate at the interface and in bulk, this yields a concentration gradient of the isomers around single particles resulting in local light-driven diffusioosmotic (l-LDDO) flow. Here, the extended analysis of the l-LDDO flow as a function of irradiation parameters by introducing time-dependent development of the concentration excess of isomers near the particle surface is presented. It is also demonstrated that the l-LDDO can be generated at any solid/liquid interface being more pronounced in the case of strongly absorbing material. This phenomenon has plenty of potential applications since it makes any type of surface act as a micropump.}, language = {en} } @article{StedingKempkaKuehn2021, author = {Steding, Svenja and Kempka, Thomas and K{\"u}hn, Michael}, title = {How insoluble inclusions and intersecting layers affect the leaching process within potash seams}, series = {Applied Sciences : open access journal}, volume = {11}, journal = {Applied Sciences : open access journal}, number = {19}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2076-3417}, doi = {10.3390/app11199314}, pages = {21}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Potash seams are a valuable resource containing several economically interesting, but also highly soluble minerals. In the presence of water, uncontrolled leaching can occur, endangering subsurface mining operations. In the present study, the influence of insoluble inclusions and intersecting layers on leaching zone evolution was examined by means of a reactive transport model. For that purpose, a scenario analysis was carried out, considering different rock distributions within a carnallite-bearing potash seam. The results show that reaction-dominated systems are not affected by heterogeneities at all, whereas transport-dominated systems exhibit a faster advance in homogeneous rock compositions. In return, the ratio of permeated rock in vertical direction is higher in heterogeneous systems. Literature data indicate that most natural potash systems are transport-dominated. Accordingly, insoluble inclusions and intersecting layers can usually be seen as beneficial with regard to reducing hazard potential as long as the mechanical stability of leaching zones is maintained. Thereby, the distribution of insoluble areas is of minor impact unless an inclined, intersecting layer occurs that accelerates leaching zone growth in one direction. Moreover, it is found that the saturation dependency of dissolution rates increases the growth rate in the long term, and therefore must be considered in risk assessments.}, language = {en} } @article{LaiLuoZwirneretal.2022, author = {Lai, Huagui and Luo, Jincheng and Zwirner, Yannick and Olthof, Selina and Wieczorek, Alexander and Ye, Fangyuan and Jeangros, Quentin and Yin, Xinxing and Akhundova, Fatima and Ma, Tianshu and He, Rui and Kothandaraman, Radha K. and Chin, Xinyu and Gilshtein, Evgeniia and Muller, Andre and Wang, Changlei and Thiesbrummel, Jarla and Siol, Sebastian and Prieto, Jose Marquez and Unold, Thomas and Stolterfoht, Martin and Chen, Cong and Tiwari, Ayodhya N. and Zhao, Dewei and Fu, Fan}, title = {High-performance flexible all-Perovskite tandem solar cells with reduced V-OC-deficit in wide-bandgap subcell}, series = {Advanced energy materials}, volume = {12}, journal = {Advanced energy materials}, number = {45}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1614-6832}, doi = {10.1002/aenm.202202438}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Among various types of perovskite-based tandem solar cells (TSCs), all-perovskite TSCs are of particular attractiveness for building- and vehicle-integrated photovoltaics, or space energy areas as they can be fabricated on flexible and lightweight substrates with a very high power-to-weight ratio. However, the efficiency of flexible all-perovskite tandems is lagging far behind their rigid counterparts primarily due to the challenges in developing efficient wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells on the flexible substrates as well as their low open-circuit voltage (V-OC). Here, it is reported that the use of self-assembled monolayers as hole-selective contact effectively suppresses the interfacial recombination and allows the subsequent uniform growth of a 1.77 eV WBG perovskite with superior optoelectronic quality. In addition, a postdeposition treatment with 2-thiopheneethylammonium chloride is employed to further suppress the bulk and interfacial recombination, boosting the V-OC of the WBG top cell to 1.29 V. Based on this, the first proof-of-concept four-terminal all-perovskite flexible TSC with a power conversion efficiency of 22.6\% is presented. When integrating into two-terminal flexible tandems, 23.8\% flexible all-perovskite TSCs with a superior V-OC of 2.1 V is achieved, which is on par with the V-OC reported on the 28\% all-perovskite tandems grown on the rigid substrate.}, language = {en} } @article{GluglaSchulz2021, author = {Glugla, Markus and Schulz, Ralf Kiran}, title = {Generated-X LMS (GXLMS)}, series = {Proceedings of the 27th International Congress on Sound and Vibration}, journal = {Proceedings of the 27th International Congress on Sound and Vibration}, publisher = {Silesian University Press}, address = {Prague}, isbn = {978-83-7880-799-5}, pages = {1 -- 8}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The quality of the reference signal is essential for the adaptation process of an LMS or one of its derivatives. The reference signal affects the stability, the convergence rate and the maximum achievable attenuation. Since the error signal and the control signal are available as numerical values in the algorithm for the LMS, the reference signal can be calculated from both signals. The error signal is the interference between the control signal and the reference signal. This interference of the control signal and the reference signal can be noted mathematically as a simple addition. It is therefore possible to deduce the reference signal from a known error signal and control signal. This approach is the basis of the generated-x LMS (GxLMS) developed by us. It calculates the reference signal itself without having to rely on an externally supplied reference signal. The advantages of the GxLMS are primarily in fields where the reference signal is difficult or impossible to detect. For example, the detection of the reference signal can be problematic due to design reasons or measurement technology. For example, flow noise could have a negative effect on an acoustic detection of the reference signal. However, the calculation of the reference signal in the GxLMS represents a further feedback signal path, which affects the stability of the algorithm as a whole. Based on the theoretical principles mathematically sufficient convergence conditions can be formulated taking into account the delays existing in the signal paths. The experimental testing took place on an acoustic duct with monofrequency disturb signals. Since the use of an efficient design of experiments (DoE) could be excluded, the measurement was designed as parameter variation (one factor at time) and therefore very time-consuming. The theoretical background of the GxLMS as well as the results from the experiments are presented.}, language = {en} } @misc{RichterPaerelsKaastra2008, author = {Richter, Philipp and Paerels, Frits B. S. and Kaastra, Jelle S.}, title = {FUV and X-Ray absorption in the warm-hot intergalactic medium}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {864}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43422}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434226}, pages = {25 -- 49}, year = {2008}, abstract = {The Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM) arises from shock-heated gas collapsing in large-scale filaments and probably harbours a substantial fraction of the baryons in the local Universe. Absorption-line measurements in the ultraviolet (UV) and in the X-ray band currently represent the best method to study the WHIM at low redshifts. We here describe the physical properties of the WHIM and the concepts behind WHIM absorption line measurements of Hi and high ions such as Ovi, Ovii, and Oviii in the far-ultraviolet and X-ray band. We review results of recent WHIM absorption line studies carried out with UV and X-ray satellites such as FUSE, HST, Chandra, and XMM-Newton and discuss their implications for our knowledge of the WHIM.}, language = {en} } @misc{PaerelsKaastraOhashietal.2008, author = {Paerels, Frits and Kaastra, Jelle and Ohashi, Takaya and Richter, Philipp and Bykov, Andrei and Nevalainen, Jukka}, title = {Future instrumentation for the study of the warm-hot intergalactic medium}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {859}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43405}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434057}, pages = {405 -- 418}, year = {2008}, abstract = {We briefly review capabilities and requirements for future instrumentation in UV- and X-ray astronomy that can contribute to advancing our understanding of the diffuse, highly ionised intergalactic medium.}, language = {en} } @article{KrummenauerCostaPrahletal.2021, author = {Krummenauer, Linda and Costa, Lu{\´i}s F{\´i}l{\´i}pe Carvalho da and Prahl, Boris F. and Kropp, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Future heat adaptation and exposure among urban populations and why a prospering economy alone won't save us}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {11}, journal = {Scientific reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-99757-0}, pages = {14}, year = {2021}, abstract = {When inferring on the magnitude of future heat-related mortality due to climate change, human adaptation to heat should be accounted for. We model long-term changes in minimum mortality temperatures (MMT), a well-established metric denoting the lowest risk of heat-related mortality, as a function of climate change and socio-economic progress across 3820 cities. Depending on the combination of climate trajectories and socio-economic pathways evaluated, by 2100 the risk to human health is expected to decline in 60\% to 80\% of the cities against contemporary conditions. This is caused by an average global increase in MMTs driven by long-term human acclimatisation to future climatic conditions and economic development of countries. While our adaptation model suggests that negative effects on health from global warming can broadly be kept in check, the trade-offs are highly contingent to the scenario path and location-specific. For high-forcing climate scenarios (e.g. RCP8.5) the maintenance of uninterrupted high economic growth by 2100 is a hard requirement to increase MMTs and level-off the negative health effects from additional scenario-driven heat exposure. Choosing a 2 degrees C-compatible climate trajectory alleviates the dependence on fast growth, leaving room for a sustainable economy, and leads to higher reductions of mortality risk.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchaelickeTeubnerMartinCreuzburgetal.2019, author = {Sch{\"a}licke, Svenja and Teubner, Johannes and Martin-Creuzburg, Dominik and Wacker, Alexander}, title = {Fitness response variation within and among consumer species can be co-mediated by food quantity and biochemical quality}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {806}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44225}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-442256}, pages = {11}, year = {2019}, abstract = {In natural heterogeneous environments, the fitness of animals is strongly influenced by the availability and composition of food. Food quantity and biochemical quality constraints may affect individual traits of consumers differently, mediating fitness response variation within and among species. Using a multifactorial experimental approach, we assessed population growth rate, fecundity, and survival of six strains of the two closely related freshwater rotifer species Brachionus calyciflorus sensu stricto and Brachionus fernandoi. Therefore, rotifers fed low and high concentrations of three algal species differing in their biochemical food quality. Additionally, we explored the potential of a single limiting biochemical nutrient to mediate variations in population growth response. Therefore, rotifers fed a sterol-free alga, which we supplemented with cholesterol-containing liposomes. Co-limitation by food quantity and biochemical food quality resulted in differences in population growth rates among strains, but not between species, although effects on fecundity and survival differed between species. The effect of cholesterol supplementation on population growth was strain-specific but not species-specific. We show that fitness response variations within and among species can be mediated by biochemical food quality. Dietary constraints thus may act as evolutionary drivers on physiological traits of consumers, which may have strong implications for various ecological interactions.}, language = {en} } @article{SchaelickeTeubnerMartinCreuzburgetal.2019, author = {Sch{\"a}licke, Svenja and Teubner, Johannes and Martin-Creuzburg, Dominik and Wacker, Alexander}, title = {Fitness response variation within and among consumer species can be co-mediated by food quantity and biochemical quality}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {9}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, publisher = {Macmillan Publishers Limited}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-52538-2}, pages = {9}, year = {2019}, abstract = {In natural heterogeneous environments, the fitness of animals is strongly influenced by the availability and composition of food. Food quantity and biochemical quality constraints may affect individual traits of consumers differently, mediating fitness response variation within and among species. Using a multifactorial experimental approach, we assessed population growth rate, fecundity, and survival of six strains of the two closely related freshwater rotifer species Brachionus calyciflorus sensu stricto and Brachionus fernandoi. Therefore, rotifers fed low and high concentrations of three algal species differing in their biochemical food quality. Additionally, we explored the potential of a single limiting biochemical nutrient to mediate variations in population growth response. Therefore, rotifers fed a sterol-free alga, which we supplemented with cholesterol-containing liposomes. Co-limitation by food quantity and biochemical food quality resulted in differences in population growth rates among strains, but not between species, although effects on fecundity and survival differed between species. The effect of cholesterol supplementation on population growth was strain-specific but not species-specific. We show that fitness response variations within and among species can be mediated by biochemical food quality. Dietary constraints thus may act as evolutionary drivers on physiological traits of consumers, which may have strong implications for various ecological interactions.}, language = {en} } @article{SauterKratzHeucheletal.2021, author = {Sauter, Tilman and Kratz, Karl and Heuchel, Matthias and Lendlein, Andreas}, title = {Fiber diameter as design parameter for tailoring the macroscopic shape-memory performance of electrospun meshes}, series = {Materials and design}, volume = {202}, journal = {Materials and design}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, issn = {1873-4197}, doi = {10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109546}, pages = {10}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Fibrous shape-memory polymer (SMP) scaffolds were investigated considering the fiber as basic microstructural feature. By reduction of the fiber diameter in randomly oriented electrospun polyetherurethane (PEU) meshes from the micro-to the nano-scale, we observed changes in the molecular orientation within the fibers and its impact on the structural and shape-memory performance. It was assumed that a spatial restriction by reduction of the fiber diameter increases molecular orientation along the orientation of the fiber. The stress-strain relation of random PEU scaffolds is initially determined by the 3D arrangement of the fibers and thus is independent of the molecular orientation. Increasing the molecular orientation with decreasing single fiber diameter in scaffolds composed of randomly arranged fibers did not alter the initial stiffness and peak stress but strongly influenced the elongation at break and the stress increase above the Yield point. Reduction of the single fiber diameter also distinctly improved the shape-memory performance of the scaffolds. Fibers with nanoscale diameters (< 100 nm) possessed an almost complete shape recovery, high recovery stresses and fast relaxation kinetics, while the shape fixity was found to decrease with decreasing fiber diameter. Hence, the fiber diameter is a relevant design parameter for SMP.}, language = {en} } @article{AstudilloSotomayorJaraMunozMelnicketal.2021, author = {Astudillo-Sotomayor, Luis and Jara Mu{\~n}oz, Julius and Melnick, Daniel and Cort{\´e}s-Aranda, Joaqu{\´i}n and Tassara, Andr{\´e}s and Strecker, Manfred}, title = {Fast Holocene slip and localized strain along the Liqui{\~n}e-Ofqui strike-slip fault system, Chile}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {11}, journal = {Scientific reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-85036-5}, pages = {10}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In active tectonic settings dominated by strike-slip kinematics, slip partitioning across subparallel faults is a common feature; therefore, assessing the degree of partitioning and strain localization is paramount for seismic hazard assessments. Here, we estimate a slip rate of 18.8 +/- 2.0 mm/year over the past 9.0 +/- 0.1 ka for a single strand of the Liquirie-Ofqui Fault System, which straddles the Main Cordillera in Southern Chile. This Holocene rate accounts for similar to 82\% of the trench-parallel component of oblique plate convergence and is similar to million-year estimates integrated over the entire fault system. Our results imply that strain localizes on a single fault at millennial time scale but over longer time scales strain localization is not sustained. The fast millennial slip rate in the absence of historical Mw> 6.5 earthquakes along the Liquine-Ofqui Fault System implies either a component of aseismic slip or Mw similar to 7 earthquakes involving multi-trace ruptures and > 150-year repeat times. Our results have implications for the understanding of strike-slip fault system dynamics within volcanic arcs and seismic hazard assessments.}, language = {en} } @article{TokmoldinVollbrechtHosseinietal.2021, author = {Tokmoldin, Nurlan and Vollbrecht, Joachim and Hosseini, Seyed Mehrdad and Sun, Bowen and Perdig{\´o}n-Toro, Lorena and Woo, Han Young and Zou, Yingping and Neher, Dieter and Shoaee, Safa}, title = {Explaining the fill-factor and photocurrent losses of nonfullerene acceptor-based solar cells by probing the long-range charge carrier diffusion and drift lengths}, series = {Advanced energy materials}, volume = {11}, journal = {Advanced energy materials}, number = {22}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1614-6840}, doi = {10.1002/aenm.202100804}, pages = {9}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Organic solar cells (OSC) nowadays match their inorganic competitors in terms of current production but lag behind with regards to their open-circuit voltage loss and fill-factor, with state-of-the-art OSCs rarely displaying fill-factor of 80\% and above. The fill-factor of transport-limited solar cells, including organic photovoltaic devices, is affected by material and device-specific parameters, whose combination is represented in terms of the established figures of merit, such as theta and alpha. Herein, it is demonstrated that these figures of merit are closely related to the long-range carrier drift and diffusion lengths. Further, a simple approach is presented to devise these characteristic lengths using steady-state photoconductance measurements. This yields a straightforward way of determining theta and alpha in complete cells and under operating conditions. This approach is applied to a variety of photovoltaic devices-including the high efficiency nonfullerene acceptor blends-and show that the diffusion length of the free carriers provides a good correlation with the fill-factor. It is, finally, concluded that most state-of-the-art organic solar cells exhibit a sufficiently large drift length to guarantee efficient charge extraction at short circuit, but that they still suffer from too small diffusion lengths of photogenerated carriers limiting their fill factor.}, language = {en} } @article{BalkBehlNoecheletal.2021, author = {Balk, Maria and Behl, Marc and N{\"o}chel, Ulrich and Lendlein, Andreas}, title = {Enzymatically triggered Jack-in-the-box-like hydrogels}, series = {ACS applied materials \& interfaces / American Chemical Society}, volume = {13}, journal = {ACS applied materials \& interfaces / American Chemical Society}, number = {7}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington, DC}, issn = {1944-8244}, doi = {10.1021/acsami.1c00466}, pages = {8095 -- 8101}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Enzymes can support the synthesis or degradation of biomacromolecules in natural processes. Here, we demonstrate that enzymes can induce a macroscopic-directed movement of microstructured hydrogels following a mechanism that we call a "Jack-in-the-box" effect. The material's design is based on the formation of internal stresses induced by a deformation load on an architectured microscale, which are kinetically frozen by the generation of polyester locking domains, similar to a Jack-in-thebox toy (i.e., a compressed spring stabilized by a closed box lid). To induce the controlled macroscopic movement, the locking domains are equipped with enzyme-specific cleavable bonds (i.e., a box with a lock and key system). As a result of enzymatic reaction, a transformed shape is achieved by the release of internal stresses. There is an increase in entropy in combination with a swelling-supported stretching of polymer chains within the microarchitectured hydrogel (i.e., the encased clown pops-up with a pre-stressed movement when the box is unlocked). This utilization of an enzyme as a physiological stimulus may offer new approaches to create interactive and enzyme-specific materials for different applications such as an optical indicator of the enzyme's presence or actuators and sensors in biotechnology and in fermentation processes.}, language = {en} } @article{PranavBenduhnNymanetal.2021, author = {Pranav, Manasi and Benduhn, Johannes and Nyman, Mathias and Hosseini, Seyed Mehrdad and Kublitski, Jonas and Shoaee, Safa and Neher, Dieter and Leo, Karl and Spoltore, Donato}, title = {Enhanced charge selectivity via anodic-C60 layer reduces nonradiative losses in organic solar cells}, series = {ACS applied materials \& interfaces}, volume = {13}, journal = {ACS applied materials \& interfaces}, number = {10}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1944-8244}, doi = {10.1021/acsami.1c00049}, pages = {12603 -- 12609}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Interfacial layers in conjunction with suitable charge-transport layers can significantly improve the performance of optoelectronic devices by facilitating efficient charge carrier injection and extraction. This work uses a neat C-60 interlayer on the anode to experimentally reveal that surface recombination is a significant contributor to nonradiative recombination losses in organic solar cells. These losses are shown to proportionally increase with the extent of contact between donor molecules in the photoactive layer and a molybdenum oxide (MoO3) hole extraction layer, proven by calculating voltage losses in low- and high-donor-content bulk heterojunction device architectures. Using a novel in-device determination of the built-in voltage, the suppression of surface recombination, due to the insertion of a thin anodic-C-60 interlayer on MoO3, is attributed to an enhanced built-in potential. The increased built-in voltage reduces the presence of minority charge carriers at the electrodes-a new perspective on the principle of selective charge extraction layers. The benefit to device efficiency is limited by a critical interlayer thickness, which depends on the donor material in bilayer devices. Given the high popularity of MoO3 as an efficient hole extraction and injection layer and the increasingly popular discussion on interfacial phenomena in organic optoelectronic devices, these findings are relevant to and address different branches of organic electronics, providing insights for future device design.}, language = {en} } @article{GrischekCaprioglioZhangetal.2022, author = {Grischek, Max and Caprioglio, Pietro and Zhang, Jiahuan and Pena-Camargo, Francisco and Sveinbjornsson, Kari and Zu, Fengshuo and Menzel, Dorothee and Warby, Jonathan and Li, Jinzhao and Koch, Norbert and Unger, Eva and Korte, Lars and Neher, Dieter and Stolterfoht, Martin and Albrecht, Steve}, title = {Efficiency Potential and Voltage Loss of Inorganic CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells}, series = {Solar RRL}, volume = {6}, journal = {Solar RRL}, number = {11}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {2367-198X}, doi = {10.1002/solr.202200690}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Inorganic perovskite solar cells show excellent thermal stability, but the reported power conversion efficiencies are still lower than for organic-inorganic perovskites. This is mainly caused by lower open-circuit voltages (V(OC)s). Herein, the reasons for the low V-OC in inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells are investigated. Intensity-dependent photoluminescence measurements for different layer stacks reveal that n-i-p and p-i-n CsPbI2Br solar cells exhibit a strong mismatch between quasi-Fermi level splitting (QFLS) and V-OC. Specifically, the CsPbI2Br p-i-n perovskite solar cell has a QFLS-e center dot V-OC mismatch of 179 meV, compared with 11 meV for a reference cell with an organic-inorganic perovskite of similar bandgap. On the other hand, this study shows that the CsPbI2Br films with a bandgap of 1.9 eV have a very low defect density, resulting in an efficiency potential of 20.3\% with a MeO-2PACz hole-transporting layer and 20.8\% on compact TiO2. Using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, energy level misalignment is identified as a possible reason for the QFLS-e center dot V-OC mismatch and strategies for overcoming this V-OC limitation are discussed. This work highlights the need to control the interfacial energetics in inorganic perovskite solar cells, but also gives promise for high efficiencies once this issue is resolved.}, language = {en} }