@article{ZouWangNeffeetal.2017, author = {Zou, Jie and Wang, Weiwei and Neffe, Axel T. and Xu, Xun and Li, Zhengdong and Deng, Zijun and Sun, Xianlei and Ma, Nan and Lendlein, Andreas}, title = {Adipogenic differentiation of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells in 3D architectured gelatin based hydrogels (ArcGel)}, series = {Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation : blood flow and vessels}, volume = {67}, journal = {Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation : blood flow and vessels}, number = {3-4}, publisher = {IOS Press}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1386-0291}, doi = {10.3233/CH-179210}, pages = {297 -- 307}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Polymeric matrices mimicking multiple functions of the ECM are expected to enable a material induced regeneration of tissues. Here, we investigated the adipogenic differentiation of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) in a 3D architectured gelatin based hydrogel (ArcGel) prepared from gelatin and L-lysine diisocyanate ethyl ester (LDI) in an one-step process, in which the formation of an open porous morphology and the chemical network formation were integrated. The ArcGel was designed to support adipose tissue regeneration with its 3D porous structure, high cell biocompatibility, and mechanical properties compatible with human subcutaneous adipose tissue. The ArcGel could support initial cell adhesion and survival of hADSCs. Under static culture condition, the cells could migrate into the inner part of the scaffold with a depth of 840 +/- 120 mu m after 4 days, and distributed in the whole scaffold (2mm in thickness) within 14 days. The cells proliferated in the scaffold and the fold increase of cell number after 7 days of culture was 2.55 +/- 0.08. The apoptotic rate of hADSCs in the scaffold was similar to that of cells maintained on tissue culture plates. When cultured in adipogenic induction medium, the hADSCs in the scaffold differentiated into adipocytes with a high efficiency (93 +/- 1\%). Conclusively, this gelatin based 3D scaffold presented high cell compatibility for hADSC cultivation and differentiation, which could serve as a potential implant material in clinical applications for adipose tissue reparation and regeneration.}, language = {en} } @article{ZimmermannRaschkeEppetal.2017, author = {Zimmermann, Heike Hildegard and Raschke, Elena and Epp, Laura Saskia and Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen Rosemarie and Schwamborn, Georg and Schirrmeister, Lutz and Overduin, Pier Paul and Herzschuh, Ulrike}, title = {Sedimentary ancient DNA and pollen reveal the composition of plant organic matter in Late Quaternary permafrost sediments of the Buor Khaya Peninsula (north-eastern Siberia)}, series = {Biogeosciences}, volume = {14}, journal = {Biogeosciences}, number = {3}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1726-4170}, doi = {10.5194/bg-14-575-2017}, pages = {575 -- 596}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Organic matter deposited in ancient, ice-rich permafrost sediments is vulnerable to climate change and may contribute to the future release of greenhouse gases; it is thus important to get a better characterization of the plant organic matter within such sediments. From a Late Quaternary permafrost sediment core from the Buor Khaya Peninsula, we analysed plant-derived sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) to identify the taxonomic composition of plant organic matter, and undertook palynological analysis to assess the environmental conditions during deposition. Using sedaDNA, we identified 154 taxa and from pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs we identified 83 taxa. In the deposits dated between 54 and 51 kyr BP, sedaDNA records a diverse low-centred polygon plant community including recurring aquatic pond vegetation while from the pollen record we infer terrestrial open-land vegetation with relatively dry environmental conditions at a regional scale. A fluctuating dominance of either terrestrial or swamp and aquatic taxa in both proxies allowed the local hydrological development of the polygon to be traced. In deposits dated between 11.4 and 9.7 kyr BP (13.4-11.1 cal kyr BP), sedaDNA shows a taxonomic turnover to moist shrub tundra and a lower taxonomic richness compared to the older samples. Pollen also records a shrub tundra community, mostly seen as changes in relative proportions of the most dominant taxa, while a decrease in taxonomic richness was less pronounced compared to sedaDNA. Our results show the advantages of using sedaDNA in combination with palynological analyses when macrofossils are rarely preserved. The high resolution of the sedaDNA record provides a detailed picture of the taxonomic composition of plant-derived organic matter throughout the core, and palynological analyses prove valuable by allowing for inferences of regional environmental conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{ZimmermannRaschkeEppetal.2017, author = {Zimmermann, Heike Hildegard and Raschke, Elena and Epp, Laura Saskia and Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen Rosemarie and Schirrmeister, Lutz and Schwamborn, Georg and Herzschuh, Ulrike}, title = {The history of tree and shrub taxa on Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island (New Siberian Archipelago) since the Last Interglacial Uncovered by Sedimentary Ancient DNA and Pollen Data}, series = {Genes}, volume = {8}, journal = {Genes}, number = {10}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-4425}, doi = {10.3390/genes8100273}, pages = {273}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Ecosystem boundaries, such as the Arctic-Boreal treeline, are strongly coupled with climate and were spatially highly dynamic during past glacial-interglacial cycles. Only a few studies cover vegetation changes since the last interglacial, as most of the former landscapes are inundated and difficult to access. Using pollen analysis and sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) metabarcoding, we reveal vegetation changes on Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island since the last interglacial from permafrost sediments. Last interglacial samples depict high levels of floral diversity with the presence of trees (Larix, Picea, Populus) and shrubs (Alnus, Betula, Ribes, Cornus, Saliceae) on the currently treeless island. After the Last Glacial Maximum, Larix re-colonised the island but disappeared along with most shrub taxa. This was probably caused by Holocene sea-level rise, which led to increased oceanic conditions on the island. Additionally, we applied two newly developed larch-specific chloroplast markers to evaluate their potential for tracking past population dynamics from environmental samples. The novel markers were successfully re-sequenced and exhibited two variants of each marker in last interglacial samples. SedaDNA can track vegetation changes as well as genetic changes across geographic space through time and can improve our understanding of past processes that shape modern patterns.}, language = {en} } @article{ZibulskiWesenerWilkesetal.2017, author = {Zibulski, Romy and Wesener, Felix and Wilkes, Heinz and Plessen, Birgit and Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna and Herzschuh, Ulrike}, title = {C / N ratio, stable isotope (delta C-13, delta N-15), and n-alkane patterns of brown mosses along hydrological gradients of low-centred polygons of the Siberian Arctic}, series = {Biogeosciences}, volume = {14}, journal = {Biogeosciences}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1726-4170}, doi = {10.5194/bg-14-1617-2017}, pages = {1617 -- 1630}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Mosses are a major component of the arctic vegetation, particularly in wetlands. We present C / N atomic ratio, delta C-13 and delta N-15 data of 400 brown-moss samples belonging to 10 species that were collected along hydrological gradients within polygonal mires located on the southern Taymyr Peninsula and the Lena River delta in northern Siberia. Additionally, n-alkane patterns of six of these species (16 samples) were investigated. The aim of the study is to see whether the inter-and intraspecific differences in C / N, isotopic compositions and n-alkanes are indicative of habitat, particularly with respect to water level. Overall, we find high variability in all investigated parameters for two different moisture-related groups of moss species. The C / N ratios range between 11 and 53 (median: 32) and show large variations at the intraspecific level. However, species preferring a dry habitat (xero-mesophilic mosses) show higher C / N ratios than those preferring a wet habitat (meso-hygrophilic mosses). The delta C-13 values range between 37.0 and 22.5\% (median D 27.8 \%). The delta N-15 values range between 6.6 and C 1.7\%(median D 2.2 \%). We find differences in delta C-13 and delta N-15 compositions between both habitat types. For some species of the meso-hygrophilic group, we suggest that a relationship between the individ-ual habitat water level and isotopic composition can be inferred as a function of microbial symbiosis. The n-alkane distribution also shows differences primarily between xeromesophilic and meso-hygrophilic mosses, i. e. having a dominance of n-alkanes with long (n-C29, n-C31 /and intermediate (n-C25 /chain lengths, respectively. Overall, our results reveal that C / N ratios, isotopic signals and n-alkanes of studied brown-moss taxa from polygonal wetlands are characteristic of their habitat.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Zeng2017, author = {Zeng, Ting}, title = {Nanoparticles promoted biocatalysis}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {99}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{Yarman2017, author = {Yarman, Aysu}, title = {Development of a molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensor for tyrosinase}, series = {Turkish journal of chemistry}, volume = {42}, journal = {Turkish journal of chemistry}, number = {2}, publisher = {T{\"u}rkiye Bilimsel ve Teknik Ara{\c{s}}t{\i}rma Kurumu}, address = {Ankara}, issn = {1300-0527}, doi = {10.3906/kim-1708-68}, pages = {346 -- 354}, year = {2017}, abstract = {For the first time a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based sensor for tyrosinase is described. This sensor is based on the electropolymerization of scopoletin or o-phenylenediamine in the presence of tyrosinase from mushrooms, which has a high homology to the human enzyme. The template was removed either by treatment with proteinase Kor by alkaline treatment. The measuring signal was generated either by measuring the formation of a product by the target enzyme or by evaluation of the permeability of the redox marker ferricyanide. The o-phenylenediamine-based MIP sensor has a linear measuring range up to 50 nM of tyrosinase with a limit of detection of 3.97 nM (R 2 = 0.994) and shows good discrimination towards other proteins, e.g., bovine serum albumin and cytochrome c.}, language = {en} } @misc{YangDarkoHuangetal.2017, author = {Yang, Xiaoping and Darko, Kwame Oteng and Huang, Yanjun and He, Caimei and Yang, Huansheng and He, Shanping and Li, Jianzhong and Li, Jian and Hocher, Berthold and Yin, Yulong}, title = {Resistant starch regulates gut microbiota}, series = {Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology}, volume = {42}, journal = {Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Karger}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1015-8987}, doi = {10.1159/000477386}, pages = {306 -- 318}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Starch is one of the most popular nutritional sources for both human and animals. Due to the variation of its nutritional traits and biochemical specificities, starch has been classified into rapidly digestible, slowly digestible and resistant starch. Resistant starch has its own unique chemical structure, and various forms of resistant starch are commercially available. It has been found being a multiple-functional regulator for treating metabolic dysfunction. Different functions of resistant starch such as modulation of the gut microbiota, gut peptides, circulating growth factors, circulating inflammatory mediators have been characterized by animal studies and clinical trials. In this mini-review, recent remarkable progress in resistant starch on gut microbiota, particularly the effect of structure, biochemistry and cell signaling on nutrition has been summarized, with highlights on its regulatory effect on gut microbiota.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Yang2017, author = {Yang, Lei}, title = {Verification of systemic mRNAs mobility and mobile functions}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {125}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{WurzbacherFuchsAttermeyeretal.2017, author = {Wurzbacher, Christian and Fuchs, Andrea and Attermeyer, Katrin and Frindte, Katharina and Grossart, Hans-Peter and Hupfer, Michael and Casper, Peter and Monaghan, Michael T.}, title = {Shifts among Eukaryota, Bacteria, and Archaea define the vertical organization of a lake sediment}, series = {Microbiome}, volume = {5}, journal = {Microbiome}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {2049-2618}, doi = {10.1186/s40168-017-0255-9}, pages = {16}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: Lake sediments harbor diverse microbial communities that cycle carbon and nutrients while being constantly colonized and potentially buried by organic matter sinking from the water column. The interaction of activity and burial remained largely unexplored in aquatic sediments. We aimed to relate taxonomic composition to sediment biogeochemical parameters, test whether community turnover with depth resulted from taxonomic replacement or from richness effects, and to provide a basic model for the vertical community structure in sediments. Methods: We analyzed four replicate sediment cores taken from 30-m depth in oligo-mesotrophic Lake Stechlin in northern Germany. Each 30-cm core spanned ca. 170 years of sediment accumulation according to Cs-137 dating and was sectioned into layers 1-4 cm thick. We examined a full suite of biogeochemical parameters and used DNA metabarcoding to examine community composition of microbial Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota. Results: Community beta-diversity indicated nearly complete turnover within the uppermost 30 cm. We observed a pronounced shift from Eukaryota- and Bacteria-dominated upper layers (<5 cm) to Bacteria-dominated intermediate layers (5-14 cm) and to deep layers (>14 cm) dominated by enigmatic Archaea that typically occur in deep-sea sediments. Taxonomic replacement was the prevalent mechanism in structuring the community composition and was linked to parameters indicative of microbial activity (e.g., CO2 and CH4 concentration, bacterial protein production). Richness loss played a lesser role but was linked to conservative parameters (e.g., C, N, P) indicative of past conditions. Conclusions: By including all three domains, we were able to directly link the exponential decay of eukaryotes with the active sediment microbial community. The dominance of Archaea in deeper layers confirms earlier findings from marine systems and establishes freshwater sediments as a potential low-energy environment, similar to deep sea sediments. We propose a general model of sediment structure and function based on microbial characteristics and burial processes. An upper "replacement horizon" is dominated by rapid taxonomic turnover with depth, high microbial activity, and biotic interactions. A lower "depauperate horizon" is characterized by low taxonomic richness, more stable "low-energy" conditions, and a dominance of enigmatic Archaea.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Wu2017, author = {Wu, Si}, title = {Exploring the Arabidopsis metabolic landscape by genetic mapping integrated with network analysis}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {121}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{WiegmannRutschmannWillemsen2017, author = {Wiegmann, Alex and Rutschmann, Ronja and Willemsen, Pascale}, title = {Empirically investigating the concept of lying}, series = {Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research}, volume = {34}, journal = {Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New Dehli}, issn = {0970-7794}, doi = {10.1007/s40961-017-0112-z}, pages = {591 -- 609}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Lying is an everyday moral phenomenon about which philosophers have written a lot. Not only the moral status of lying has been intensively discussed but also what it means to lie in the first place. Perhaps the most important criterion for an adequate definition of lying is that it fits with people's understanding and use of this concept. In this light, it comes as a surprise that researchers only recently started to empirically investigate the folk concept of lying. In this paper, we describe three experimental studies which address the following questions: Does a statement need to be objectively false in order to constitute lying? Does lying necessarily include the intention to deceive? Can one lie by omitting relevant facts?}, language = {en} } @article{WeyhenmeyerMackayStockwelletal.2017, author = {Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. and Mackay, Murray and Stockwell, Jason D. and Thiery, Wim and Grossart, Hans-Peter and Augusto-Silva, Petala B. and Baulch, Helen M. and de Eyto, Elvira and Hejzlar, Josef and Kangur, Kuelli and Kirillin, Georgiy and Pierson, Don C. and Rusak, James A. and Sadro, Steven and Woolway, R. Iestyn}, title = {Citizen science shows systematic changes in the temperature difference between air and inland waters with global warming}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, journal = {Scientific reports}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/srep43890}, pages = {9}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Citizen science projects have a long history in ecological studies. The research usefulness of such projects is dependent on applying simple and standardized methods. Here, we conducted a citizen science project that involved more than 3500 Swedish high school students to examine the temperature difference between surface water and the overlying air (T-w-T-a) as a proxy for sensible heat flux (Q(H)). If Q(H) is directed upward, corresponding to positive T-w-T-a, it can enhance CO2 and CH4 emissions from inland waters, thereby contributing to increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. The students found mostly negative T-w-T-a across small ponds, lakes, streams/rivers and the sea shore (i.e. downward Q(H)), with T-w-T-a becoming increasingly negative with increasing T-a. Further examination of T-w-T-a using high-frequency temperature data from inland waters across the globe confirmed that T-w-T-a is linearly related to T-a. Using the longest available high-frequency temperature time series from Lake Erken, Sweden, we found a rapid increase in the occasions of negative T-w-T-a with increasing annual mean T-a since 1989. From these results, we can expect that ongoing and projected global warming will result in increasingly negative T-w-T-a, thereby reducing CO2 and CH4 transfer velocities from inland waters into the atmosphere.}, language = {en} } @article{WestburyDalerumbNorenetal.2017, author = {Westbury, Michael V. and Dalerumb, Fredrik and Noren, Karin and Hofreiter, Michael}, title = {Complete mitochondrial genome of a bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis), along with phylogenetic considerations}, series = {Mitochondrial DNA. Part B}, volume = {2}, journal = {Mitochondrial DNA. Part B}, number = {1}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2380-2359}, doi = {10.1080/23802359.2017.1331325}, pages = {298 -- 299}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The bat-eared fox, Otocyon megalotis, is the only member of its genus and is thought to occupy a basal position within the dog family. These factors can lead to challenges in complete mitochondrial reconstructions and accurate phylogenetic positioning. Here, we present the first complete mitochondrial genome of the bat-eared fox recovered using shotgun sequencing and iterative mapping to three distantly related species. Phylogenetic analyses placed the bat-eared fox basal in the Canidae family within the clade including true foxes (Vulpes) and the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes) with high support values. This position is in good agreement with previously published results based on short fragments of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, therefore adding more support to the basal positioning of the bat-eared fox within Canidae.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Weiss2017, author = {Weiß, Lina}, title = {Understanding the emergence and maintenance of biodiversity in grasslands}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {153}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{WeithoffTaubeBolius2017, author = {Weithoff, Guntram and Taube, Anne and Bolius, Sarah}, title = {The invasion success of the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in experimental mesocosms}, series = {Aquatic Invasions}, volume = {12}, journal = {Aquatic Invasions}, publisher = {Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions centre-reabic}, address = {Helsinki}, issn = {1798-6540}, doi = {10.3391/ai.2017.12.3.07}, pages = {333 -- 341}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The potentially toxic, invasive cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, originating from sub-tropical regions, has spread into temperate climate zones in almost all continents. Potential factors in its success are temperature, light and nutrient levels. Grazing losses through zooplankton have been measured in the laboratory but are typically not regarded as a factor in (failed) invasion success. In some potentially suitable lakes, C. raciborskii has never been found, although it is present in water bodies close by. Therefore, we tested the invasive potential of three different isolates introduced into natural plankton communities using laboratory mesocosm experiments under three grazing levels: ambient zooplankton densities, removal of large species using 100 mu m mesh and a ca. doubling of large species. Three C. raciborskii isolates originating from the same geographic region (North-East Germany) were added separately to the four replicates of each treatment and kept in semi-continuous cultures for 21 days. Two isolates disappeared from the mesocosms and were also not viable in filtered lake water indicating that the lake water itself or the switch from culture medium to lake water led to the decay of the inoculated C. raciborskii. Only one out of the three isolates persisted in the plankton communities at a rather low level and only in the treatment without larger zooplankton. This result demonstrates that under potentially suitable environmental conditions, top-down control from zooplankton might hamper the establishment of C. raciborskii. Non-metric multidimensional scaling showed distinct variation in resident phytoplankton communities between the different grazing levels, thus differential grazing impact shaped the resident community in different ways allowing C. raciborskii only to invade under competitive (= low grazing pressure) conditions. Furthermore, even after invasion failure, the temporary presence of C. raciborskii influenced the phytoplankton community.}, language = {en} } @misc{WeisserStueblerMatheisetal.2017, author = {Weisser, Karin and St{\"u}bler, Sabine and Matheis, Walter and Huisinga, Wilhelm}, title = {Towards toxicokinetic modelling of aluminium exposure from adjuvants in medicinal products}, series = {Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : official journal of the International Society for Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology}, volume = {88}, journal = {Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : official journal of the International Society for Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {0273-2300}, doi = {10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.02.018}, pages = {310 -- 321}, year = {2017}, abstract = {As a potentially toxic agent on nervous system and bone, the safety of aluminium exposure from adjuvants in vaccines and subcutaneous immune therapy (SCIT) products has to be continuously reevaluated, especially regarding concomitant administrations. For this purpose, knowledge on absorption and disposition of aluminium in plasma and tissues is essential. Pharmacokinetic data after vaccination in humans, however, are not available, and for methodological and ethical reasons difficult to obtain. To overcome these limitations, we discuss the possibility of an in vitro-in silico approach combining a toxicokinetic model for aluminium disposition with biorelevant kinetic absorption parameters from adjuvants. We critically review available kinetic aluminium-26 data for model building and, on the basis of a reparameterized toxicokinetic model (Nolte et al., 2001), we identify main modelling gaps. The potential of in vitro dissolution experiments for the prediction of intramuscular absorption kinetics of aluminium after vaccination is explored. It becomes apparent that there is need for detailed in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption data to establish an in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) for aluminium adjuvants. We conclude that a combination of new experimental data and further refinement of the Nolte model has the potential to fill a gap in aluminium risk assessment. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{vonLoeffelholzLieskeNeuschaeferRubeetal.2017, author = {von Loeffelholz, Christian and Lieske, Stefanie and Neuschaefer-Rube, Frank and Willmes, Diana M. and Raschzok, Nathanael and Sauer, Igor M. and K{\"o}nig, J{\"o}rg and Fromm, Martin F. and Horn, Paul and Chatzigeorgiou, Antonios and Pathe-Neuschaefer-Rube, Andrea and Jordan, Jens and Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H. and Mingrone, Geltrude and Bornstein, Stefan R. and Stroehle, Peter and Harms, Christoph and Wunderlich, F. Thomas and Helfand, Stephen L. and Bernier, Michel and de Cabo, Rafael and Shulman, Gerald I. and Chavakis, Triantafyllos and P{\"u}schel, Gerhard Paul and Birkenfeld, Andreas L.}, title = {The human longevity gene homolog INDY and interleukin-6 interact in hepatic lipid metabolism}, series = {Hepatology}, volume = {66}, journal = {Hepatology}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0270-9139}, doi = {10.1002/hep.29089}, pages = {616 -- 630}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Reduced expression of the Indy ("I am Not Dead, Yet") gene in lower organisms promotes longevity in a manner akin to caloric restriction. Deletion of the mammalian homolog of Indy (mIndy, Slc13a5) encoding for a plasma membrane-associated citrate transporter expressed highly in the liver, protects mice from high-fat diet-induced and aging-induced obesity and hepatic fat accumulation through a mechanism resembling caloric restriction. We studied a possible role of mIndy in human hepatic fat metabolism. In obese, insulin-resistant patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic mIndy expression was increased and mIndy expression was also independently associated with hepatic steatosis. In nonhuman primates, a 2-year high-fat, high-sucrose diet increased hepatic mIndy expression. Liver microarray analysis showed that high mIndy expression was associated with pathways involved in hepatic lipid metabolism and immunological processes. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was identified as a regulator of mIndy by binding to its cognate receptor. Studies in human primary hepatocytes confirmed that IL-6 markedly induced mIndy transcription through the IL-6 receptor and activation of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and a putative start site of the human mIndy promoter was determined. Activation of the IL-6-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway stimulated mIndy expression, enhanced cytoplasmic citrate influx, and augmented hepatic lipogenesis in vivo. In contrast, deletion of mIndy completely prevented the stimulating effect of IL-6 on citrate uptake and reduced hepatic lipogenesis. These data show that mIndy is increased in liver of obese humans and nonhuman primates with NALFD. Moreover, our data identify mIndy as a target gene of IL-6 and determine novel functions of IL-6 through mINDY. Conclusion: Targeting human mINDY may have therapeutic potential in obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00005450.}, language = {en} } @article{VandenWyngaertSetoRojasJimenezetal.2017, author = {Van den Wyngaert, Silke and Seto, Kensuke and Rojas-Jimenez, Keilor and Kagami, Maiko and Grossart, Hans-Peter}, title = {A New Parasitic Chytrid, Staurastromyces oculus (Rhizophydiales, Staurastromy-cetaceae fam. nov.), Infecting the Freshwater Desmid Staurastrum sp.}, series = {Protist}, volume = {168}, journal = {Protist}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Jena}, issn = {1434-4610}, doi = {10.1016/j.protis.2017.05.001}, pages = {392 -- 407}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Chytrids are a diverse group of ubiquitous true zoosporic fungi. The recent molecular discovery of a large diversity of undescribed chytrids has raised awareness on their important, but so far understudied ecological role in aquatic ecosystems. In the pelagic zone, of both freshwater and marine ecosystems, many chytrid species have been morphologically described as parasites on almost all major groups of phytoplankton. However, the majority of these parasitic chytrids has rarely been isolated and lack DNA sequence data, resulting in a large proportion of "dark taxa" in databases. Here, we report on the isolation and in-depth morphological, molecular and host range characterization of a chytrid infecting the common freshwater desmid Staurastrum sp. We provide first insights on the metabolic activity of the different chytrid development stages by using the vital dye FUN (R)-1 (2-chloro-4-[2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-[benzo-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-methylidene]-1-phenylquinolinium iodide). Cross infection experiments suggest that this chytrid is an obligate parasite and specific for the genus Staurastrum sp. Phylogenetic analysis, based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and 28S rDNA sequences, placed it in the order Rhizophydiales. Based on the unique zoospore ultrastructure, combined with thallus morphology, and molecular phylogenetic placement, we describe this parasitic chytrid as a new genus and species Staurastromyces oculus, within a new family Staurastromycetaceae. (C) 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{ValenteEtienneDavalos2017, author = {Valente, Luis and Etienne, Rampal S. and Davalos, Liliana M.}, title = {Recent extinctions disturb path to equilibrium diversity in Caribbean bats}, series = {Nature Ecology \& Evolution}, volume = {1}, journal = {Nature Ecology \& Evolution}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2397-334X}, doi = {10.1038/s41559-016-0026}, pages = {7}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Islands are ideal systems to model temporal changes in biodiversity and reveal the influence of humans on natural communities. Although theory predicts biodiversity on islands tends towards an equilibrium value, the recent extinction of large proportions of island biotas complicates testing this model. The well-preserved subfossil record of Caribbean bats-involving multiple insular radiations-provides a rare opportunity to model diversity dynamics in an insular community. Here, we reconstruct the diversity trajectory in noctilionoid bats of the Greater Antilles by applying a dynamic model of colonization, extinction and speciation to phylogenetic and palaeontological data including all known extinct and extant species. We show species richness asymptotes to an equilibrium value, a demonstration of natural equilibrium dynamics across an entire community. However, recent extinctions-many caused by humans-have wiped out nearly a third of island lineages, dragging diversity away from equilibrium. Using a metric to measure island biodiversity loss, we estimate it will take at least eight million years to regain pre-human diversity levels. Our integrative approach reveals how anthropogenic extinctions can drastically alter the natural trajectory of biological communities, resulting in evolutionary disequilibrium.}, language = {en} } @article{TritschMartensSunetal.2017, author = {Tritsch, Christian and Martens, Jochen and Sun, Yue-Hua and Heim, Wieland and Strutzenberger, Patrick and P{\"a}ckert, Martin}, title = {Improved sampling at the subspecies level solves a taxonomic dilemma}, series = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution}, volume = {107}, journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {1055-7903}, doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.014}, pages = {538 -- 550}, year = {2017}, abstract = {A recent full species-level phylogeny of tits, titmice and chickadees (Paridae) has placed the Chinese endemic black-bibbed tit (Poecile hypermelaenus) as the sister to the Palearctic willow tit (P. montanus). Because this sister-group relationship is in striking disagreement with the traditional affiliation of P. hypermelaenus close to the marsh tit (P. palustris) we tested this phylogenetic hypothesis in a multi locus analysis with an extended taxon sampling including sixteen subspecies of willow tits and marsh tits. As a taxonomic reference we included type specimens in our analysis. The molecular genetic study was complemented with an analysis of biometric data obtained from museum specimens. Our phylogenetic reconstructions, including a comparison of all GenBank data available for our target species, clearly show that the genetic lineage previously identified as P. hypermelaenus actually refers to P. weigoldicus because sequences were identical to that of a syntype of this taxon. The close relationship of P. weigoldicus and P. montanus - despite large genetic distances between the two taxa - is in accordance with current taxonomy and systematics. In disagreement with the previous phylogenetic hypothesis but in accordance with most taxonomic authorities, all our P. hypermelaenus specimens fell in the sister Glade of all western and eastern Palearctic P. palustris. Though shared haplotypes among the Chinese populations of the two latter species might indicate mitochondrial introgression in this part of the breeding range, further research is needed here due to the limitations of our own sampling.}, language = {en} } @article{TomioloMetzBlackwoodetal.2017, author = {Tomiolo, Sara and Metz, Johannes and Blackwood, Christopher B. and Djendouci, Karin and Henneberg, Lorenz and Mueller, Caroline and Tielboerger, Katja}, title = {Short-term drought and long-term climate legacy affect production of chemical defenses among plant ecotypes}, series = {Environmental and Experimental Botany}, volume = {141}, journal = {Environmental and Experimental Botany}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0098-8472}, doi = {10.1016/j.envexpbot.2017.07.009}, pages = {124 -- 131}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Long and short-term climatic variation affect the ability of plants to simultaneously cope with increasing abiotic stress and biotic interactions. Specifically, ecotypes adapted to different climatic conditions (i.e., long-term legacy) may have to adjust their allocation to chemical defenses against enemies under acute drought (i.e., short-term response). Although several studies have addressed drought effects on chemical defense production, little is known about their intraspecific variation along resource gradients. Studying intraspecific variation is important for understanding how different environments select for defense strategies and how these may be affected directly and indirectly by changing climatic conditions. We conducted greenhouse experiments with the annual Biscutella didyma (Brassicaceae) to test the effects of long-term climatic legacy versus short-term drought stress on the concentrations of defense compounds (glucosinolates). To this aim, four ecotypes originating from a steep aridity gradient were exposed to contrasting water treatments. Concentrations of chemical defenses were measured separately in leaves of young (8 weeks) and old (14 weeks) plants, respectively. For young plants, ecotypes from the wettest climate (long-term legacy) as well as plants receiving high water treatments (short-term response) were better defended. A marginally significant interaction suggested that wetter ecotypes experienced a larger shift in defense production across water treatments. Older plants contained much lower glucosinolate concentrations and showed no differences between ecotypes and water treatments. Our results indicate that younger plants invest more resources into chemical defenses, possibly due to higher vulnerability to tissue loss compared to older plants. We propose that the strong response of wet ecotypes to water availability may be explained by a less pronounced adaptation to drought.}, language = {en} } @article{ThomasCarvalhoHaileetal.2017, author = {Thomas, Jessica E. and Carvalho, Gary R. and Haile, James and Martin, Michael D. and Castruita, Jose A. Samaniego and Niemann, Jonas and Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S. and Sandoval-Velasco, Marcela and Rawlence, Nicolas J. and Fuller, Errol and Fjeldsa, Jon and Hofreiter, Michael and Stewart, John R. and Gilbert, M. Thomas P. and Knapp, Michael}, title = {An ‛Aukward' tale}, series = {Genes}, volume = {8}, journal = {Genes}, number = {6}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-4425}, doi = {10.3390/genes8060164}, pages = {164}, year = {2017}, abstract = {One hundred and seventy-three years ago, the last two Great Auks, Pinguinus impennis, ever reliably seen were killed. Their internal organs can be found in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Denmark, but the location of their skins has remained a mystery. In 1999, Great Auk expert Errol Fuller proposed a list of five potential candidate skins in museums around the world. Here we take a palaeogenomic approach to test which—if any—of Fuller's candidate skins likely belong to either of the two birds. Using mitochondrial genomes from the five candidate birds (housed in museums in Bremen, Brussels, Kiel, Los Angeles, and Oldenburg) and the organs of the last two known individuals, we partially solve the mystery that has been on Great Auk scholars' minds for generations and make new suggestions as to the whereabouts of the still-missing skin from these two birds.}, language = {en} } @article{TaubeGanzertGrossartetal.2017, author = {Taube, Robert and Ganzert, Lars and Grossart, Hans-Peter and Gleixner, Gerd and Premke, Katrin}, title = {Organic matter quality structures benthic fatty acid patterns and the abundance of fungi and bacteria in temperate lakes}, series = {The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man}, volume = {610}, journal = {The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0048-9697}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.256}, pages = {469 -- 481}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Benthic microbial communities (BMCs) play important roles in the carbon cycle of lakes, and benthic littoral zones in particular have been previously highlighted as biogeochemical hotspots. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) presents the major carbon pool in lakes, and although the effect of DOM composition on the pelagic microbial community composition is widely accepted, little is known about its effect on BMCs, particularly aquatic fungi. Therefore, we investigated the composition of benthic littoral microbial communities in twenty highly diverse lakes in northeast Germany. DOM quality was analyzed via size exclusion chromatography (SEC), fluorescence parallel factor analyses (PRAFACs) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. We determined the BMC composition and biomass using phospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLFA) and extended the interpretation to the analysis of fungi by applying a Bayesian mixed model. We present evidence that the quality of DOM structures the BMCs, which are dominated by heterotrophic bacteria and show low fungal biomass. The fungal biomass increases when the DOM pool is processed by microorganisms of allochthonous origin, whereas the opposite is true for bacteria.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Tabatabaei2017, author = {Tabatabaei, Iman}, title = {Development of new selection systems for organellar genome transformation}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {II, 152}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Plant cells host two important organelles: mitochondria, known as the cell's 'powerhouse', which act by converting oxygen and nutrients into ATP, and plastids, which perform photosynthesis. These organelles contain their own genomes that encode proteins required for gene expression and energy metabolism. Transformation technologies offer great potential for investigating all aspects of the physiology and gene expression of these organelles in vivo. In addition, organelle transformation can be a valuable tool for biotechnology and molecular plant breeding. Plastid transformation systems are well-developed for a few higher plants, however, mitochondrial transformation has so far only been reported for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Development of an efficient new selection marker for plastid transformation is important for several reasons, including facilitating supertransformation of the plastid genome for metabolic engineering purposes and for producing multiple knock-outs or site-directed mutagenesis of two unlinked genes. In this work, we developed a novel selection system for Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) chloroplast transformation with an alternative marker. The marker gene, aac(6′)-Ie/aph(2′′)-Ia, was cloned into different plastid transformation vectors and several candidate aminoglycoside antibiotics were investigated as selection agents. Generally, the efficiency of selection and the transformation efficiency with aac(6′)-Ie/aph(2′′)-Ia as selectable marker in combination with the aminoglycoside antibiotic tobramycin was similarly high as that with the standard marker gene aadA and spectinomycin selection. Furthermore, our new selection system may be useful for the development of plastid transformation for new species, including cereals, the world's most important food crops, and could also be helpful for the establishment of a selection system for mitochondrial transformation. To date, all attempts to achieve mitochondrial transformation for higher plants have been unsuccessful. A mitochondrial transformation system for higher plants would not only provide a potential for studying mitochondrial physiology but could also provide a method to introduce cytoplasmic male sterility into crops to produce hybrid seeds. Establishing a stable mitochondrial transformation system in higher plants requires several steps including delivery of foreign DNA, stable integration of the foreign sequences into the mitochondrial genome, efficient expression of the transgene, a highly regenerable tissue culture system that allows regeneration of the transformed cells into plants, and finally, a suitable selection system to identify cells with transformed mitochondrial genomes. Among all these requirements, finding a good selection is perhaps the most important obstacle towards the development of a mitochondrial transformation system for higher plants. In this work, two selection systems were tested for mitochondrial transformation: kanamycin as a selection system in combination with the antibiotic-inactivating marker gene nptII, and sulfadiazine as a selection agent that inhibits the folic acid biosynthesis pathway residing in plant mitochondria in combination with the sul gene encoding an enzyme that is insensitive to inhibition by sulfadiazine. Nuclear transformation experiments were considered as proof of the specificity of the sulfadiazine selection system for mitochondria. We showed that an optimized sulfadiazine selection system, with the Sul protein targeted to mitochondria, is much more efficient than the previous sulfadiazine selection system, in which the Sul protein was targeted to the chloroplast. We also showed by systematic experiments that the efficiency of selection and nuclear transformation of the optimized sulfadiazine selection was higher compared to the standard kanamycin selection system. Finally, we also investigated the suitability of this selection system for nuclear transformation of the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, obtaining promising results. Although we designed several mitochondrial transformation vectors with different expression elements and integration sites in the mitochondrial genome based on the sulfadiazine system, and different tissue culture condition were also considered, we were not able to obtain mitochondrial transformation with this system. Nonetheless, establishing the sul gene as an efficient and specific selection marker for mitochondria addresses one of the major bottlenecks and may pave the way to achieve mitochondrial transformation in higher plants.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Swart2017, author = {Swart, Corn{\´e}}, title = {Managing protein activity in A. thaliana}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {160}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Suchoszek2017, author = {Suchoszek, Monika}, title = {Characterization of inducible galactolipid biosynthesis mutants in tobacco}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {116}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Chloroplast membranes have a unique composition characterized by very high contents of the galactolipids, MGDG and DGDG. Many studies on constitutive, galactolipid-deficient mutants revealed conflicting results about potential functions of galactolipids in photosynthetic membranes. Likely, this was caused by pleiotropic effects such as starvation artefacts because of impaired photosynthesis from early developmental stages of the plants onward. Therefore, an ethanol inducible RNAi-approach has been taken to suppress two key enzymes of galactolipid biosynthesis in the chloroplast, MGD1 and DGD1. Plants were allowed to develop fully functional source leaves prior to induction, which then could support plant growth. Then, after the ethanol induction, both young and mature leaves were investigated over time. Our studies revealed similar changes in both MGDG- and DGDG-deficient lines, however young and mature leaves of transgenic lines showed a different response to galactolipid deficiency. While no changes of photosynthetic parameters and minor changes in lipid content were observed in mature leaves of transgenic lines, strong reductions in total chlorophyll content and in the accumulation of all photosynthetic complexes and significant changes in contents of various lipid groups occurred in young leaves. Microscopy studies revealed an appearance of lipid droplets in the cytosol of young leaves in all transgenic lines which correlates with significantly higher levels of TAGs. Since in young leaves the production of membrane lipids is lowered, the excess of fatty acids is used for storage lipids production, resulting in the accumulation of TAGs. Our data indicate that both investigated galactolipids serve as structural lipids since changes in photosynthetic parameters were mainly the result of reduced amounts of all photosynthetic constituents. In response to restricted galactolipid synthesis, thylakoid biogenesis is precisely readjusted to keep the proper stoichiometry and functionality of the photosynthetic apparatus. Ultimately, the data revealed that downregulation of one galactolipid triggers changes not only in chloroplasts but also in the nucleus as shown by downregulation of nuclear encoded subunits of the photosynthetic complexes.}, language = {en} } @article{StillfriedFickelBoerneretal.2017, author = {Stillfried, Milena and Fickel, J{\"o}rns and B{\"o}rner, Konstantin and Wittstatt, Ulrich and Heddergott, Mike and Ortmann, Sylvia and Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie and Frantz, Alain C.}, title = {Do cities represent sources, sinks or isolated islands for urban wild boar population structure?}, series = {Journal of applied ecology : an official journal of the British Ecological Society}, volume = {54}, journal = {Journal of applied ecology : an official journal of the British Ecological Society}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0021-8901}, doi = {10.1111/1365-2664.12756}, pages = {272 -- 281}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{SpijkermanLukasWacker2017, author = {Spijkerman, Elly and Lukas, Marcus and Wacker, Alexander}, title = {Ecophysiological strategies for growth under varying light and organic carbon supply in two species of green microalgae differing in their motility}, series = {Phytochemistry : an international journal of plant biochemistry}, volume = {144}, journal = {Phytochemistry : an international journal of plant biochemistry}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0031-9422}, doi = {10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.08.018}, pages = {43 -- 51}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Mixing events in stratified lakes result in microalgae being exposed to varying conditions in light and organic carbon concentrations. Stratified lakes consist of an upper illuminated strata and a lower, darker strata where organic carbon accumulates. Therefore, in this contribution we explore the importance of dissolved organic carbon for growth under various light intensities by measuring some ecophysiological adaptations in two green microalgae. We compared the non-motile Chlorella vulgaris with the flagellated Chlamydomonas acidophila under auto-, mixo-, and heterotrophic growth conditions. In both algae the maximum photosynthetic and growth rates were highest under mixotrophy, and both algae appeared inhibited in their phosphorus acquisition under heterotrophy. Heterotrophic conditions provoked the largest differences as C. vulgaris produced chlorophyll a in darkness and grew as well as in autotrophic conditions, whereas Chl. acidophila bleached and could not grow heterotrophically. Although the fatty acid composition of both phytoplankton species differed, both species reacted in a similar way to changes in their growth conditions, mainly by a decrease of C18:3n-3 and an increase of C18:1n-9 from auto- to heterotrophic conditions. The two contrasting responses within the group of green microalgae suggest that dissolved organic carbon has a high deterministic potential to explain the survival and behaviour of green algae in the deeper strata of lakes.}, language = {en} } @article{SkłodowskiRiedelsbergerRaddatzetal.2017, author = {Skłodowski, Kamil and Riedelsberger, Janin and Raddatz, Natalia and Riadi, Gonzalo and Caballero, Julio and Ch{\´e}rel, Isabelle and Schulze, Waltraud and Graf, Alexander and Dreyer, Ingo}, title = {The receptor-like pseudokinase MRH1 interacts with the voltage-gated potassium channel AKT2}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, journal = {Scientific reports}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/srep44611}, pages = {12}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The potassium channel AKT2 plays important roles in phloem loading and unloading. It can operate as inward-rectifying channel that allows H+-ATPase-energized K+ uptake. Moreover, through reversible post-translational modifications it can also function as an open, K+-selective channel, which taps a 'potassium battery', providing additional energy for transmembrane transport processes. Knowledge about proteins involved in the regulation of the operational mode of AKT2 is very limited. Here, we employed a large-scale yeast two-hybrid screen in combination with fluorescence tagging and null-allele mutant phenotype analysis and identified the plasma membrane localized receptor-like kinase MRH1/MDIS2 (AT4G18640) as interaction partner of AKT2. The phenotype of the mrh1-1 knockout plant mirrors that of akt2 knockout plants in energy limiting conditions. Electrophysiological analyses showed that MRH1/MDIS2 failed to exert any functional regulation on AKT2. Using structural protein modeling approaches, we instead gathered evidence that the putative kinase domain of MRH1/MDIS2 lacks essential sites that are indispensable for a functional kinase suggesting that MRH1/MDIS2 is a pseudokinase. We propose that MRH1/MDIS2 and AKT2 are likely parts of a bigger protein complex. MRH1 might help to recruit other, so far unknown partners, which post-translationally regulate AKT2. Additionally, MRH1 might be involved in the recognition of chemical signals.}, language = {en} } @article{SimonsLewinsohnBluethgenetal.2017, author = {Simons, Nadja K. and Lewinsohn, Thomas and Bluethgen, Nico and Buscot, Francois and Boch, Steffen and Daniel, Rolf and Gossner, Martin M. and Jung, Kirsten and Kaiser, Kristin and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Prati, Daniel and Renner, Swen C. and Socher, Stephanie A. and Sonnemann, Ilja and Weiner, Christiane N. and Werner, Michael and Wubet, Tesfaye and Wurst, Susanne and Weisser, Wolfgang W.}, title = {Contrasting effects of grassland management modes on species-abundance distributions of multiple groups}, series = {Agriculture, ecosystems \& environment : an international journal for scientific research on the relationship of agriculture and food production to the biosphere}, volume = {237}, journal = {Agriculture, ecosystems \& environment : an international journal for scientific research on the relationship of agriculture and food production to the biosphere}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0167-8809}, doi = {10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.022}, pages = {143 -- 153}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Intensive land use is a major cause of biodiversity loss, but most studies comparing the response of multiple taxa rely on simple diversity measures while analyses of other community attributes are only recently gaining attention. Species-abundance distributions (SADs) are a community attribute that can be used to study changes in the overall abundance structure of species groups, and whether these changes are driven by abundant or rare species. We evaluated the effect of grassland management intensity for three land-use modes (fertilization, mowing, grazing) and their combination on species richness and SADs for three belowground (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, prokaryotes and insect larvae) and seven aboveground groups (vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens; arthropod herbivores; arthropod pollinators; bats and birds). Three descriptors of SADs were evaluated: general shape (abundance decay rate), proportion of rare species (rarity) and proportional abundance of the commonest species (dominance). Across groups, taxonomic richness was largely unaffected by land-use intensity and only decreased with increasing mowing intensity. Of the three SAD descriptors, abundance decay rate became steeper with increasing combined land-use intensity across groups. This reflected a decrease in rarity among plants, herbivores and vertebrates. Effects of fertilization on the three descriptors were similar to the combined land-use intensity effects. Mowing intensity only affected the SAD descriptors of insect larvae and vertebrates, while grazing intensity produced a range of effects on different descriptors in distinct groups. Overall, belowground groups had more even abundance distribtitions than aboveground groups. Strong differences among aboveground groups and between above- and belowground groups indicate that no single taxonomic group can serve as an indicator for effects in other groups. In the past, the use of SADs has been hampered by concerns over theoretical models underlying specific forms of SADs. Our study shows that SAD descriptors that are not connected to a particular model are suitable to assess the effect of land use on community structure.}, language = {en} } @article{ShubchynskyyBonieckaSchweighoferetal.2017, author = {Shubchynskyy, Volodymyr and Boniecka, Justyna and Schweighofer, Alois and Simulis, Justinas and Kvederaviciute, Kotryna and Stumpe, Michael and Mauch, Felix and Balazadeh, Salma and M{\"u}ller-R{\"o}ber, Bernd and Boutrot, Freddy and Zipfel, Cyril and Meskiene, Irute}, title = {Protein phosphatase AP2C1 negatively regulates basal resistance and defense responses to Pseudomonas syringae}, series = {Journal of experimental botany}, volume = {68}, journal = {Journal of experimental botany}, number = {5}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0022-0957}, doi = {10.1093/jxb/erw485}, pages = {1169 -- 1183}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) mediate plant immune responses to pathogenic bacteria. However, less is known about the cell autonomous negative regulatory mechanism controlling basal plant immunity. We report the biological role of Arabidopsis thaliana MAPK phosphatase AP2C1 as a negative regulator of plant basal resistance and defense responses to Pseudomonas syringae. AP2C2, a closely related MAPK phosphatase, also negatively controls plant resistance. Loss of AP2C1 leads to enhanced pathogen-induced MAPK activities, increased callose deposition in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns or to P. syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000, and enhanced resistance to bacterial infection with Pto. We also reveal the impact of AP2C1 on the global transcriptional reprogramming of transcription factors during Pto infection. Importantly, ap2c1 plants show salicylic acid-independent transcriptional reprogramming of several defense genes and enhanced ethylene production in response to Pto. This study pinpoints the specificity of MAPK regulation by the different MAPK phosphatases AP2C1 and MKP1, which control the same MAPK substrates, nevertheless leading to different downstream events. We suggest that precise and specific control of defined MAPKs by MAPK phosphatases during plant challenge with pathogenic bacteria can strongly influence plant resistance.}, language = {en} } @article{SharmaRuelensMaggenetal.2017, author = {Sharma, Neha and Ruelens, Philip and Maggen, Thomas and Dochy, Niklas and Torfs, Sanne and Kaufmann, Kerstin and Rohde, Antje and Geuten, Koen}, title = {A Flowering Locus C Homolog Is a Vernalization-Regulated Repressor in Brachypodium and Is Cold Regulated in Wheat}, series = {Plant physiology : an international journal devoted to physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, biophysics and environmental biology of plants}, volume = {173}, journal = {Plant physiology : an international journal devoted to physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, biophysics and environmental biology of plants}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Society of Plant Physiologists}, address = {Rockville}, issn = {0032-0889}, doi = {10.1104/pp.16.01161}, pages = {1301 -- 1315}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Winter cereals require prolonged cold to transition from vegetative to reproductive development. This process, referred to as vernalization, has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In Arabidopsis, a key flowering repressor called FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) quantitatively controls the vernalization requirement. By contrast, in cereals, the vernalization response is mainly regulated by the VERNALIZATION genes, VRN1 and VRN2. Here, we characterize ODDSOC2, a recently identified FLC ortholog in monocots, knowing that it belongs to the FLC lineage. By studying its expression in a diverse set of Brachypodium accessions, we find that it is a good predictor of the vernalization requirement. Analyses of transgenics demonstrated that BdODDSOC2 functions as a vernalization-regulated flowering repressor. In most Brachypodium accessions BdODDSOC2 is down-regulated by cold, and in one of the winter accessions in which this down-regulation was evident, BdODDSOC2 responded to cold before BdVRN1. When stably down-regulated, the mechanism is associated with spreading H3K27me3 modifications at the BdODDSOC2 chromatin. Finally, homoeolog-specific gene expression analyses identify TaAGL33 and its splice variant TaAGL22 as the FLC orthologs in wheat (Triticum aestivum) behaving most similar to Brachypodium ODDSOC2. Overall, our study suggests that ODDSOC2 is not only phylogenetically related to FLC in eudicots but also functions as a flowering repressor in the vernalization pathway of Brachypodium and likely other temperate grasses. These insights could prove useful in breeding efforts to refine the vernalization requirement of temperate cereals and adapt varieties to changing climates.}, language = {en} } @article{ShahnejatBushehriAlluMehterovetal.2017, author = {Shahnejat-Bushehri, Sara and Allu, Annapurna Devi and Mehterov, Nikolay and Thirumalaikumar, Venkatesh P. and Alseekh, Saleh and Fernie, Alisdair R. and Mueller-Roeber, Bernd and Balazadeh, Salma}, title = {Arabidopsis NAC Transcription Factor JUNGBRUNNEN1 Exerts Conserved Control Over Gibberellin and Brassinosteroid Metabolism and Signaling Genes in Tomato}, series = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-462X}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2017.00214}, pages = {13}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The Arabidopsis thaliana NAC transcription factor JUNGBRUNNEN1 (AtJUB1) regulates growth by directly repressing GA3ox1 and DWF4, two key genes involved in gibberellin (GA) and brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis, respectively, leading to GA and BR deficiency phenotypes. AtJUB1 also reduces the expression of PIF4, a bHLH transcription factor that positively controls cell elongation, while it stimulates the expression of DELLA genes, which are important repressors of growth. Here, we extend our previous findings by demonstrating that AtJUB1 induces similar GA and BR deficiency phenotypes and changes in gene expression when overexpressed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Importantly, and in accordance with the growth phenotypes observed, AtJUB1 inhibits the expression of growth-supporting genes, namely the tomato orthologs of GA3ox1, DWF4 and PIF4, but activates the expression of DELLA orthologs, by directly binding to their promoters. Overexpression of AtJUB1 in tomato delays fruit ripening, which is accompanied by reduced expression of several ripeningrelated genes, and leads to an increase in the levels of various amino acids (mostly proline, beta-alanine, and phenylalanine), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and major organic acids including glutamic acid and aspartic acid. The fact that AtJUB1 exerts an inhibitory effect on the GA/BR biosynthesis and PIF4 genes but acts as a direct activator of DELLA genes in both, Arabidopsis and tomato, strongly supports the model that the molecular constituents of the JUNGBRUNNEN1 growth control module are considerably conserved across species.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Sedaghatmehr2017, author = {Sedaghatmehr, Mastoureh}, title = {Unraveling the regulatory mechanisms of heat stress memory in Arabidopsis thaliana}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {176}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{SchaeferMenzJeltschetal.2017, author = {Sch{\"a}fer, Merlin and Menz, Stephan and Jeltsch, Florian and Zurell, Damaris}, title = {sOAR: a tool for modelling optimal animal life-history strategies in cyclic environments}, series = {Ecography : pattern and diversity in ecology ; research papers forum}, volume = {41}, journal = {Ecography : pattern and diversity in ecology ; research papers forum}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0906-7590}, doi = {10.1111/ecog.03328}, pages = {551 -- 557}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Periodic environments determine the life cycle of many animals across the globe and the timing of important life history events, such as reproduction and migration. These adaptive behavioural strategies are complex and can only be fully understood (and predicted) within the framework of natural selection in which species adopt evolutionary stable strategies. We present sOAR, a powerful and user-friendly implementation of the well-established framework of optimal annual routine modelling. It allows determining optimal animal life history strategies under cyclic environmental conditions using stochastic dynamic programming. It further includes the simulation of population dynamics under the optimal strategy. sOAR provides an important tool for theoretical studies on the behavioural and evolutionary ecology of animals. It is especially suited for studying bird migration. In particular, we integrated options to differentiate between costs of active and passive flight into the optimal annual routine modelling framework, as well as options to consider periodic wind conditions affecting flight energetics. We provide an illustrative example of sOAR where food supply in the wintering habitat of migratory birds significantly alters the optimal timing of migration. sOAR helps improving our understanding of how complex behaviours evolve and how behavioural decisions are constrained by internal and external factors experienced by the animal. Such knowledge is crucial for anticipating potential species' response to global environmental change.}, language = {en} } @article{SchwiebsThomasKleuseretal.2017, author = {Schwiebs, Anja and Thomas, Dominique Jeanette and Kleuser, Burkhard and Pfeilschifter, Josef and Radeke, Heinfried H.}, title = {Nuclear translocation of SGPP-1 and decrease of SGPL-1 activity contribute to sphingolipid rheostat regulation of inflammatory dendritic cells}, series = {Mediators of inflammation}, journal = {Mediators of inflammation}, publisher = {Hindawi Publishing Corp.}, address = {London}, issn = {0962-9351}, doi = {10.1155/2017/5187368}, pages = {10}, year = {2017}, abstract = {A balanced sphingolipid rheostat is indispensable for dendritic cell function and survival and thus initiation of an immune response. Sphingolipid levels are dynamically maintained by the action of sphingolipid enzymes of which sphingosine kinases, S1P phosphatases (SGPP-1/2) and S1P lyase (SGPL-1), are pivotal in the balance of S1P and sphingosine levels. In this study, we present that SGPP-1 and SGPL-1 are regulated in inflammatory dendritic cells and contribute to S1P fate. TLR-dependent activation caused SGPL-1 protein downregulation with subsequent decrease of enzymatic activity by two-thirds. In parallel, confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed that endogenous SGPP-1 was expressed in nuclei of naive dendritic cells and was translocated into the cytoplasmatic compartment upon inflammatory stimulation resulting in dephosphorylation of S1P. Mass spectrometric determination showed that a part of the resulting sphingosine was released from the cell, increasing extracellular levels. Another route of diminishing intracellular S1P was possibly taken by its export via ATP-binding cassette transporter C1 which was upregulated in array analysis, while the S1P transporter, spinster homolog 2, was not relevant in dendritic cells. These investigations newly describe the sequential expression and localization of the endogenous S1P regulators SGPP-1 and SGPL-1 and highlight their contribution to the sphingolipid rheostat in inflammation.}, language = {en} } @article{SchwensowDeteringPedersonetal.2017, author = {Schwensow, Nina I. and Detering, Harald and Pederson, Stephen and Mazzoni, Camila and Sinclair, Ron and Peacock, David and Kovaliski, John and Cooke, Brian and Fickel, J{\"o}rns and Sommer, Simone}, title = {Resistance to RHD virus in wild Australian rabbits}, series = {Molecular ecology}, volume = {26}, journal = {Molecular ecology}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0962-1083}, doi = {10.1111/mec.14228}, pages = {4551 -- 4561}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Deciphering the genes involved in disease resistance is essential if we are to understand host-pathogen coevolutionary processes. The rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) was imported into Australia in 1995 as a biocontrol agent to manage one of the most successful and devastating invasive species, the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). During the first outbreaks of the disease, RHDV caused mortality rates of up to 97\%. Recently, however, increased genetic resistance to RHDV has been reported. Here, we have aimed to identify genomic differences between rabbits that survived a natural infection with RHDV and those that died in the field using a genomewide next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach. We detected 72 SNPs corresponding to 133 genes associated with survival of a RHD infection. Most of the identified genes have known functions in virus infections and replication, immune responses or apoptosis, or have previously been found to be regulated during RHD. Some of the genes identified in experimental studies, however, did not seem to play a role under natural selection regimes, highlighting the importance of field studies to complement the genomic background of wildlife diseases. Our study provides a set of candidate markers as a tool for the future scanning of wild rabbits for their resistance to RHDV. This is important both for wild rabbit populations in southern Europe where RHD is regarded as a serious problem decimating the prey of endangered predator species and for assessing the success of currently planned RHDV variant biocontrol releases in Australia.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schraplau2017, author = {Schraplau, Anne}, title = {Regulation der Expression von Xenobiotika-metabolisierenden Enzymen und Deiodasen durch die Xenobiotika-abh{\"a}ngige wechselseitige Induktion von Xenosensor-Transkriptionsfaktoren und Prostaglandin E2}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {x, 241}, year = {2017}, language = {de} } @article{Schmidt2017, author = {Schmidt, Marco F.}, title = {miRNA Targeting Drugs}, series = {Drug Target miRNA: Methods and Protocols}, volume = {1517}, journal = {Drug Target miRNA: Methods and Protocols}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4939-6563-2}, issn = {1064-3745}, doi = {10.1007/978-1-4939-6563-2_1}, pages = {3 -- 22}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Only 20 years after the discovery of small non-coding, single-stranded ribonucleic acids, so-called microRNAs (miRNAs), as post-transcriptional gene regulators, the first miRNA-targeting drug Miravirsen for the treatment of hepatitis C has been successfully tested in clinical Phase II trials. Addressing miRNAs as drug targets may enable the cure, or at least the treatment of diseases, which presently seems impossible. However, due to miRNAs' chemical structure, generation of potential drug molecules with necessary pharmacokinetic properties is still challenging and requires a re-thinking of the drug discovery process. Therefore, this chapter highlights the potential of miRNAs as drug targets, discusses the challenges, and tries to give a complete overview of recent strategies in miRNA drug discovery.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Schmidt2017, author = {Schmidt, Marco F.}, title = {Preface}, series = {Drug target miRNA}, volume = {1517}, booktitle = {Drug target miRNA}, editor = {Schmidt, Marco F.}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4939-6563-2}, issn = {1064-3745}, doi = {10.1007/978-1-4939-6563-2}, pages = {V -- V}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @misc{Scheffler2017, author = {Scheffler, Tatjana}, title = {Root infinitives on Twitter}, series = {Snippets}, journal = {Snippets}, number = {31}, publisher = {Editioni Universit{\`a} di Lettere Economica Diritto}, address = {Milano}, issn = {1590-1807}, doi = {10.7358/snip-2017-031-sche}, pages = {24 -- 25}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{SchefflerGreilHermanussen2017, author = {Scheffler, Christiane and Greil, Holle and Hermanussen, Michael}, title = {The association between weight, height, and head circumference reconsidered}, series = {Pediatric Research}, volume = {81}, journal = {Pediatric Research}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {New York}, issn = {0031-3998}, doi = {10.1038/pr.2017.3}, pages = {825 -- 830}, year = {2017}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Under normal nutritional and health conditions, body height, weight and head circumference are significantly related. We hypothesize that the apparent general association between weight, height, and head circumference of the growing child might be misleading. METHODS: We reanalyzed data of 7,444 boys and 7,375 girls measured in East-Germany between 1986 and 1990, aged from 0 to 7 y with measurements of body length/height, leg length, sitting height, biacromial shoulder breadth, thoracic breadth, thoracic depth, thoracic circumference, body weight, head volume, percentage of body fat, and hip skinfold vertical, using principal component analysis. RESULTS: Strong associations exist between skeletal growth, fat accumulation, and head volume increments. Yet in spite of this general proportionality, skeletal growth, fat acquisition, and head growth exhibit different patterns. Three components explain between almost 60\% and more than 75\% of cumulative variance between birth and age 7 y. Parameters of skeletal growth predominantly load on the first component and clearly separate from indicators of fat deposition. After age of 2 y, head volume loads on a separate third component in both sexes indicating independence of head growth. CONCLUSION: Under appropriate nutritional and health circumstances, nutritional status, body size, and head circumference are not related.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schedina2017, author = {Schedina, Ina-Maria}, title = {Comparative genetic and transcriptomic analyses of the amazon molly, poecilia formosa and its parental species, poecilia mexicana and poecilia latipinna}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {124}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{SchallGossnerHeinrichsetal.2017, author = {Schall, Peter and Gossner, Martin M. and Heinrichs, Steffi and Fischer, Markus and Boch, Steffen and Prati, Daniel and Jung, Kirsten and Baumgartner, Vanessa and Blaser, Stefan and B{\"o}hm, Stefan and Buscot, Francois and Daniel, Rolf and Goldmann, Kezia and Kaiser, Kristin and Kahl, Tiemo and Lange, Markus and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg Hans and Overmann, J{\"o}rg and Renner, Swen C. and Schulze, Ernst-Detlef and Sikorski, Johannes and Tschapka, Marco and T{\"u}rke, Manfred and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Wemheuer, Bernd and Wubet, Tesfaye and Ammer, Christian}, title = {The impact of even-aged and uneven-aged forest management on regional biodiversity of multiple taxa in European beech forests}, series = {Journal of applied ecology : an official journal of the British Ecological Society}, volume = {55}, journal = {Journal of applied ecology : an official journal of the British Ecological Society}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0021-8901}, doi = {10.1111/1365-2664.12950}, pages = {267 -- 278}, year = {2017}, abstract = {1. For managed temperate forests, conservationists and policymakers favour fine-grained uneven-aged (UEA) management over more traditional coarse-grained even-aged (EA) management, based on the assumption that within-stand habitat heterogeneity enhances biodiversity. There is, however, little empirical evidence to support this assumption. We investigated for the first time how differently grained forest management systems affect the biodiversity of multiple above- and below-ground taxa across spatial scales. 2. We sampled 15 taxa of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria within the largest contiguous beech forest landscape of Germany and classified them into functional groups. Selected forest stands have been managed for more than a century at different spatial grains. The EA (coarse-grained management) and UEA (fine-grained) forests are comparable in spatial arrangement, climate and soil conditions. These were compared to forests of a nearby national park that have been unmanaged for at least 20years. We used diversity accumulation curves to compare -diversity for Hill numbers D-0 (species richness), D-1 (Shannon diversity) and D-2 (Simpson diversity) between the management systems. Beta diversity was quantified as multiple-site dissimilarity. 3. Gamma diversity was higher in EA than in UEA forests for at least one of the three Hill numbers for six taxa (up to 77\%), while eight showed no difference. Only bacteria showed the opposite pattern. Higher -diversity in EA forests was also found for forest specialists and saproxylic beetles. 4. Between-stand -diversity was higher in EA than in UEA forests for one-third (all species) and half (forest specialists) of all taxa, driven by environmental heterogeneity between age-classes, while -diversity showed no directional response across taxa or for forest specialists. 5. Synthesis and applications. Comparing EA and uneven-aged forest management in Central European beech forests, our results show that a mosaic of different age-classes is more important for regional biodiversity than high within-stand heterogeneity. We suggest reconsidering the current trend of replacing even-aged management in temperate forests. Instead, the variability of stages and stand structures should be increased to promote landscape-scale biodiversity.}, language = {en} } @article{SanderEccardHeim2017, author = {Sander, Martha Maria and Eccard, Jana and Heim, Wieland}, title = {Flight range estimation of migrant yellow-browed warblers phylloscopus inornatus on the East Asian flyway}, series = {Bird study : the journal of the British Trust for Ornithology}, volume = {64}, journal = {Bird study : the journal of the British Trust for Ornithology}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0006-3657}, doi = {10.1080/00063657.2017.1409696}, pages = {569 -- 572}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Fat loads were quantified for 2125 Yellow-browed Warblers Phylloscopus inornatus trapped at a stop-over site in Far East Russia during autumn migration. Flight ranges of 660-820km were estimated for the fattest individuals, suggesting that they would need to stop for refuelling at least six times to reach their wintering areas in South East Asia.}, language = {en} } @article{SallehRamosMadrigalPenalozaetal.2017, author = {Salleh, Faezah Mohd and Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmin and Penaloza, Fernando and Liu, Shanlin and Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S. and Patel, Riddhi P. and Martins, Renata and Lenz, Dorina and Fickel, J{\"o}rns and Roos, Christian and Shamsir, Mohd Shahir and Azman, Mohammad Shahfiz and Lim, Burton K. and Rossiter, Stephen J. and Wilting, Andreas and Gilbert, M. Thomas P.}, title = {An expanded mammal mitogenome dataset from Southeast Asia}, series = {Gigascience}, volume = {6}, journal = {Gigascience}, number = {8}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {2047-217X}, pages = {1 -- 19}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: Findings: Approximately 55 gigabases of raw sequence were generated. From this data we assembled 72 complete mitogenome sequences, with an average depth of coverage of 102.9x and 55.2x for modern samples and historical samples, respectively. This dataset represents 52 species, of which 30 species had no previous mitogenome data available. The mitogenomes were geotagged to their sampling location, where known, to display a detailed geographical distribution of the species. Conclusion:}, language = {en} } @article{SainiGuentherAichneretal.2017, author = {Saini, Jeetendra and Guenther, Franziska and Aichner, Bernhard and Mischke, Steffen and Herzschuh, Ulrike and Zhang, Chengjun and Maeusbacher, Roland and Gleixner, Gerd}, title = {Climate variability in the past similar to 19,000 yr in NE Tibetan Plateau inferred from biomarker and stable isotope records of Lake Donggi Cona}, series = {Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal}, volume = {157}, journal = {Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0277-3791}, doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.12.023}, pages = {129 -- 140}, year = {2017}, abstract = {We investigated 4.84-m-long sediment record spanning over the Late Glacial and Holocene from Lake Donggi Cona to be able to reconstruct circulation pattern on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Presently, Lake Donggi Cona is located at the boundaries of Westerlies and Asian monsoon circulations in the northeastern TP. However, the exact timing and stimulating mechanisms for climatic changes and monsoon shifts in this region are still debated. We used a 19-ka-long stable isotope record of sedimentary n-alkanes to address this discrepancy by providing insights into paleohydrological conditions. The SD of nC(23) is influenced by lake water evaporation; the BD. values of sedimentary nC(29) are mainly controlled by moisture source and temperature changes. Long-chain n-alkanes dominate over the core whereas three mean clusters (i.e. microbial, aquatic and terrestrial) can be inferred. Multi-proxies suggest five major episodes in the history of Lake Donggi Cona. The Lake Donggi Cona record indicates that the Late Glacial(18.4-14.8 cal ka BP) was dominated by low productivity of mainly microbial and aquatic organisms. Relatively low delta D values suggest low temperatures and moist conditions eventually caused by stronger Westerlies, winter monsoon and melt-water influence. Likely, the shift (similar to 17.9 cal ka BP) from microbial to enhanced aquatic input suggests either a change from deep to shallow water lake or a break in local stratification. Between 14.8 and 13.0 cal ka BP, variable climatic conditions prevailed. Although the Westerlies weekend, the increase in temperature enhanced the permafrost and snow melting (displayed by a high sedimentary accumulation rate). Higher delta D values indicate increasingly arid conditions with higher temperatures which eventually lead to high evaporative conditions and lowest lake levels. Low vegetation cover and high erosion rates led to high sediment accumulation resulting in stratification followed by anoxia in the terminal lake. From 13.0 to 9.2 cal ka BP, lowered values of 813 along with high contents of terrestrial organic matter marked the early-Holocene warming indicating a further strengthening of summer precipitation and higher lake levels. A cooling trend was observed in the mid-Holocene between 9.2 and 3.0 cal ka BP accompanied by higher moisture availability (displayed by lowered SD values) caused by reduced evaporative conditions due to a drop in temperature and recovering Westerlies. After 3.0 cal ka BP, a decrease in lake productivity and cold and semi-arid conditions prevailed suggesting lower lake levels and reduced moisture from recycled air masses and Westerlies. We propose that the summer monsoon was the predominant moisture source during the Belling-Allered warm complex and early -Holocene followed by Westerlies in mid-to-late Holocene period. Stable carbon isotope values-32\%o indicate the absence of C-4 -type vegetation in the region contradicting with their presence in the Lake Qinghai record. The 81) record from lake Donggi Cona highlights the importance of the interplay between Westerlies and summer monsoon circulation at this location, which is highly dynamic in northeastern plateau compared to the North Atlantic circulation and insolation changes. Consequently lake Donggi Cona might be an important anchor point for environmental reconstructions on the Tibetan Plateau. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.}, language = {en} } @article{RuelensZhangvanMouriketal.2017, author = {Ruelens, Philip and Zhang, Zhicheng and van Mourik, Hilda and Maere, Steven and Kaufmann, Kerstin and Geuten, Koen}, title = {The Origin of Floral Organ Identity Quartets}, series = {The plant cell}, volume = {29}, journal = {The plant cell}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Society of Plant Physiologists}, address = {Rockville}, issn = {1040-4651}, doi = {10.1105/tpc.16.00366}, pages = {229 -- 242}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The origin of flowers has puzzled plant biologists ever since Darwin referred to their sudden appearance in the fossil record as an abominable mystery. Flowers are considered to be an assembly of protective, attractive, and reproductive male and female leaf-like organs. Their origin cannot be understood by a morphological comparison to gymnosperms, their closest relatives, which develop separate male or female cones. Despite these morphological differences, gymnosperms and angiosperms possess a similar genetic toolbox consisting of phylogenetically related MADS domain proteins. Using ancestral MADS domain protein reconstruction, we trace the evolution of organ identity quartets along the stem lineage of crown angiosperms. We provide evidence that current floral quartets specifying male organ identity, which consist of four types of subunits, evolved from ancestral complexes of two types of subunits through gene duplication and integration of SEPALLATA proteins just before the origin of flowering plants. Our results suggest that protein interaction changes underlying this compositional shift were the result of a gradual and reversible evolutionary trajectory. Modeling shows that such compositional changes may have facilitated the evolution of the perfect, bisexual flower.}, language = {en} } @misc{RomaoCoelhoSantosSilvaetal.2017, author = {Romao, Maria Joao and Coelho, Catarina and Santos-Silva, Teresa and Foti, Alessandro and Terao, Mineko and Garattini, Enrico and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke}, title = {Structural basis for the role of mammalian aldehyde oxidases in the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics}, series = {Current Opinion in Chemical Biology}, volume = {37}, journal = {Current Opinion in Chemical Biology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1367-5931}, doi = {10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.01.005}, pages = {39 -- 47}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Aldehyde oxidases (AOXs) are molybdo-flavoenzymes characterized by broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic/aliphatic aldehydes into the corresponding carboxylic acids and hydroxylating various heteroaromatic rings. Mammals are characterized by a complement of species specific AOX isoenzymes, that varies from one in humans (AOX1) to four in rodents (AOX1, AOX2, AOX3 and AOX4). The physiological function of mammalian AOX isoenzymes is unknown, although human AOX1 is an emerging enzyme in phase-I drug metabolism. Indeed, the number of therapeutic molecules under development which act as AOX substrates is increasing. The recent crystallization and structure determination of human AOX1 as well as mouse AOX3 has brought new insights into the mechanisms underlying substrate/inhibitor binding as well as the catalytic activity of this class of enzymes.}, language = {en} } @article{RojasJimenezFonvielleMaetal.2017, author = {Rojas-Jimenez, Keilor and Fonvielle, Jeremy Andre and Ma, Hua and Grossart, Hans-Peter}, title = {Transformation of humic substances by the freshwater Ascomycete Cladosporium sp.}, series = {Waterbird}, volume = {40}, journal = {Waterbird}, publisher = {Waterbird SOC}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1524-4695}, doi = {10.1002/lno.10545}, pages = {282 -- 288}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The ecological relevance of fungi in freshwater ecosystems is becoming increasingly evident, particularly in processing the extensive amounts of polymeric organic carbon such as cellulose, chitin, and humic substances (HS). We isolated several fungal strains from oligo-mesotrophic Lake Stechlin, Brandenburg, Germany, and analyzed their ability to degrade polymeric-like substrates. Using liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection, we determined the byproducts of HS transformation by the freshwater fungus Cladosporium sp. KR14. We demonstrate the ability of this fungus to degrade and simultaneously synthesize HS, and that transformation processes were intensified when iron, as indicator of the occurrence of Fenton reactions, was present in the medium. Furthermore, we showed that structural complexity of the HS produced changed with the availability of other polymeric substances in the medium. Our study highlights the contribution of freshwater Ascomycetes to the transformation of complex organic compounds. As such, it has important implications for understanding the ecological contribution of fungi to aquatic food webs and related biogeochemical cycles.}, language = {en} } @article{RiedelSabirSchelleretal.2017, author = {Riedel, M. and Sabir, N. and Scheller, Frieder W. and Parak, Wolfgang J. and Lisdat, Fred}, title = {Connecting quantum dots with enzymes}, series = {Nanoscale}, volume = {9}, journal = {Nanoscale}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {2040-3364}, doi = {10.1039/c7nr00091j}, pages = {2814 -- 2823}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The combination of the biocatalytic features of enzymes with the unique physical properties of nanoparticles in a biohybrid system provides a promising approach for the development of advanced bioelectrocatalytic devices. This study describes the construction of photoelectrochemical signal chains based on CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (QD) modified gold electrodes as light switchable elements, and low molecular weight redox molecules for the combination with different biocatalysts. Photoelectrochemical and photoluminescence experiments verify that electron transfer can be achieved between the redox molecules hexacyanoferrate and ferrocene, and the QDs under illumination. Since for both redox mediators a concentration dependent photocurrent change has been found, light switchable enzymatic signal chains are built up with fructose dehydrogenase (FDH) and pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase ((PQQ) GDH) for the detection of sugars. After immobilization of the enzymes at the QD electrode the biocatalytic oxidation of the substrates can be followed by conversion of the redox mediator in solution and subsequent detection at the QD electrode. Furthermore, (PQQ) GDH has been assembled together with ferrocenecarboxylic acid on top of the QD electrode for the construction of a funtional biohybrid architecture, showing that electron transfer can be realized from the enzyme over the redox mediator to the QDs and subsequently to the electrode in a completely immobilized fashion. The results obtained here do not only provide the basis for light-switchable biosensing and bioelectrocatalytic applications, but may also open the way for self-driven point-of-care systems by combination with solar cell approaches (power generation at the QD electrode by enzymatic substrate consumption).}, language = {en} } @article{ReschkeMebsSigfridssonClaussetal.2017, author = {Reschke, Stefan and Mebs, Stefan and Sigfridsson-Clauss, Kajsa G. V. and Kositzki, Ramona and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke and Haumann, Michael}, title = {Protonation and Sulfido versus Oxo Ligation Changes at the Molybdenum Cofactor in Xanthine Dehydrogenase (XDH) Variants Studied by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy}, series = {Inorganic chemistry}, volume = {56}, journal = {Inorganic chemistry}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0020-1669}, doi = {10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02846}, pages = {2165 -- 2176}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Enzymes of the xanthine oxidase family are among the best characterized mononuclear molybdenum enzymes. Open questions about their mechanism of transfer of an oxygen atom to the substrate remain. The enzymes share a molybdenum cofactor (Moco) with the metal ion binding a molybdopterin (MPT) molecule via its dithiolene function and terminal sulfur and oxygen groups. For xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) from the bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus, we used X-ray absorption spectroscopy to determine the Mo site structure, its changes in a pH range of 5-10, and the influence of amino acids (Glu730 and Gln179) close to Moco in wild-type (WT), Q179A, and E730A variants, complemented by enzyme kinetics and quantum chemical studies. Oxidized WT and Q179A revealed a similar Mo (VI) ion with each one MPT, Mo=O, Mo-O-, and Mo=S ligand, and a weak Mo-O(E730) bond at alkaline pH. Protonation of an oxo to a hydroxo (OH) ligand (pK similar to 6.8) causes inhibition of XDH at acidic pH, whereas deprotonated xanthine (pK similar to 8.8) is an inhibitor at alkaline pH. A similar acidic pK for the WT and Q179A. variants, as well as the metrical parameters of the Mo site and density functional theory calculations, suggested protonation at the equatorial oxo group. The sulfido was replaced with an oxo ligand in the inactive E730A variant, further showing another oxo and one Mo OH ligand at Mo, which are independent of pH. Our findings suggest a reaction mechanism for XDH in which an initial oxo rather than a hydroxo group and the sulfido ligand are essential for xanthine oxidation.}, language = {en} } @article{ReinickeReesEspeeletal.2017, author = {Reinicke, Stefan and Rees, Huw C. and Espeel, Pieter and Vanparijs, Nane and Bisterfeld, Carolin and Dick, Markus and Rosencrantz, Ruben R. and Brezesinski, Gerald and de Geest, Bruno G. and Du Prez, Filip E. and Pietruszka, J{\"o}rg and B{\"o}ker, Alexander}, title = {Immobilization of 2-Deoxy-D-ribose-5-phosphate Aldolase in Polymeric Thin Films via the Langmuir-Schaefer Technique}, series = {ACS applied materials \& interfaces}, volume = {9}, journal = {ACS applied materials \& interfaces}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1944-8244}, doi = {10.1021/acsami.6b13632}, pages = {8317 -- 8326}, year = {2017}, abstract = {A synthetic protocol for the fabrication of ultrathin polymeric films containing the enzyme 2-deoxy-D-ribose-5-phosphate aldolase from Escherichia coli (DERA(EC)) is presented. Ultrathin enzymatically active films are useful for applications in which only small quantities of active material are needed and at the same time quick response and contact times without diffusion limitation are wanted. We show how DERA as an exemplary enzyme can be immobilized in a thin polymer layer at the air-water interface and transferred to a suitable support by the Langmuir-Schaefer technique under full conservation of enzymatic activity. The polymer in use is a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-2-thiolactone acrylamide) (P(NIPAAm-co-TlaAm)) statistical copolymer in which the thiolactone units serve a multitude of purposes including hydrophobization of the polymer, covalent binding of the enzyme and the support and finally cross-linking of the polymer matrix. The application of this type of polymer keeps the whole approach simple as additional cocomponents such as cross-linkers are avoided.}, language = {en} } @article{ReilRosenfeldImholtetal.2017, author = {Reil, Daniela and Rosenfeld, Ulrike M. and Imholt, Christian and Schmidt, Sabrina and Ulrich, Rainer G. and Eccard, Jana and Jacob, Jens}, title = {Puumala hantavirus infections in bank vole populations}, series = {BMC ecology}, volume = {17}, journal = {BMC ecology}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {1472-6785}, doi = {10.1186/s12898-017-0118-z}, pages = {13}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background In Europe, bank voles (Myodes glareolus) are widely distributed and can transmit Puumala virus (PUUV) to humans, which causes a mild to moderate form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, called nephropathia epidemica. Uncovering the link between host and virus dynamics can help to prevent human PUUV infections in the future. Bank voles were live trapped three times a year in 2010-2013 in three woodland plots in each of four regions in Germany. Bank vole population density was estimated and blood samples collected to detect PUUV specific antibodies. Results We demonstrated that fluctuation of PUUV seroprevalence is dependent not only on multi-annual but also on seasonal dynamics of rodent host abundance. Moreover, PUUV infection might affect host fitness, because seropositive individuals survived better from spring to summer than uninfected bank voles. Individual space use was independent of PUUV infections. Conclusions Our study provides robust estimations of relevant patterns and processes of the dynamics of PUUV and its rodent host in Central Europe, which are highly important for the future development of predictive models for human hantavirus infection risk}, language = {en} } @article{ReilImholtRosenfeldetal.2017, author = {Reil, Daniela and Imholt, Christian and Rosenfeld, Ulrike M. and Drewes, Stephan and Fischer, S. and Heuser, Emil and Petraityte-Burneikiene, Rasa and Ulrich, R. G. and Jacob, J.}, title = {Validation of the Puumala virus rapid field test for bank voles in Germany}, series = {Epidemiology and infection}, volume = {145}, journal = {Epidemiology and infection}, number = {3}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {New York}, issn = {0950-2688}, doi = {10.1017/S0950268816002557}, pages = {434 -- 439}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Puumala virus (PUUV) causes many human infections in large parts of Europe and can lead to mild to moderate disease. The bank vole (Myodes glareolus) is the only reservoir of PUUV in Central Europe. A commercial PUUV rapid field test for rodents was validated for bank-vole blood samples collected in two PUUV-endemic regions in Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia and Baden-Wurttemberg). A comparison of the results of the rapid field test and standard ELISAs indicated a test efficacy of 93-95\%, largely independent of the origin of the antigens used in the ELISA. In ELISAs, reactivity for the German PUUV strain was higher compared to the Swedish strain but not compared to the Finnish strain, which was used for the rapid field test. In conclusion, the use of the rapid field test can facilitate short-term estimation of PUUV seroprevalence in bank-vole populations in Germany and can aid in assessing human PUUV infection risk.}, language = {en} } @article{ReegSchadPreussetal.2017, author = {Reeg, Jette and Schad, Thorsten and Preuss, Thomas G. and Solga, Andreas and K{\"o}rner, Katrin and Mihan, Christine and Jeltsch, Florian}, title = {Modelling direct and indirect effects of herbicides on non-target grassland communities}, series = {Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog}, volume = {348}, journal = {Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0304-3800}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.01.010}, pages = {44 -- 55}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Natural grassland communities are threatened by a variety of factors, such as climate change and increasing land use by mankind. The use of plant protection products (synthetic or organic) is mandatory in agricultural food production. To avoid adverse effects on natural grasslands within agricultural areas, synthetic plant protection products are strictly regulated in Europe. However, effects of herbicides on non-target terrestrial plants are primarily studied on the level of individual plants neglecting interactions between species. In our study, we aim to extrapolate individual-level effects to the population and community level by adapting an existing spatio-temporal, individual-based plant community model (IBC-grass). We analyse the effects of herbicide exposure for three different grassland communities: 1) representative field boundary community, 2) Calthion grassland community, and 3) Arrhenatheretalia grassland community. Our simulations show that herbicide depositions can have effects on non-target plant communities resulting from direct and indirect effects on population level. The effect extent depends not only on the distance to the field, but also on the specific plant community, its disturbance regime (cutting frequency, trampling and grazing intensity) and resource level. Mechanistic modelling approaches such as IBC-grass present a promising novel approach in transferring and extrapolating standardized pot experiments to community level and thereby bridging the gap between ecotoxicological testing (e.g. in the greenhouse) and protection goals referring to real world conditions.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Radon2017, author = {Radon, Christin}, title = {Analyse der Funktion der dualen Lokalisation der 3-Mercaptopyruvat Sulfurtransferase im Menschen}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {123}, year = {2017}, language = {de} } @article{RaatzWeikl2017, author = {Raatz, Michael and Weikl, Thomas R.}, title = {Membrane Tubulation by Elongated and Patchy Nanoparticles}, series = {Advanced materials interfaces}, volume = {4}, journal = {Advanced materials interfaces}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {2196-7350}, doi = {10.1002/admi.201600325}, pages = {8}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Advances in nanotechnology lead to an increasing interest in how nanoparticles interact with biomembranes. Nanoparticles are wrapped spontaneously by biomembranes if the adhesive interactions between the particles and membranes compensate for the cost of membrane bending. In the last years, the cooperative wrapping of spherical nanoparticles in membrane tubules has been observed in experiments and simulations. For spherical nanoparticles, the stability of the particle-filled membrane tubules strongly depends on the range of the adhesive particle-membrane interactions. In this article, it is shown via modeling and energy minimization that elongated and patchy particles are wrapped cooperatively in membrane tubules that are highly stable for all ranges of the particle-membrane interactions, compared to individual wrapping of the particles. The cooperative wrapping of linear chains of elongated or patchy particles in membrane tubules may thus provide an efficient route to induce membrane tubulation, or to store such particles in membranes.}, language = {en} } @article{PerillonPoeschkeLewandowskietal.2017, author = {P{\´e}rillon, C{\´e}cile and P{\"o}schke, Franziska and Lewandowski, J{\"o}rg and Hupfer, Michael and Hilt, Sabine}, title = {Stimulation of epiphyton growth by lacustrine groundwater discharge to an oligo-mesotrophic hard-water lake}, series = {Freshwater Science}, volume = {36}, journal = {Freshwater Science}, publisher = {Univ. of Chicago Press}, address = {Chicago}, issn = {2161-9549}, doi = {10.1086/692832}, pages = {555 -- 570}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Periphyton is a major contributor to aquatic primary production and often competes with phytoplankton and submerged macrophytes for resources. In nutrient-limited environments, mobilization of sediment nutrients by groundwater can significantly affect periphyton (including epiphyton) development in shallow littoral zones and may affect other lake primary producers. We hypothesized that epiphyton growth in the littoral zone of temperate oligomesotrophic hard-water lakes could be stimulated by nutrient (especially P) supply via lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD). We compared the dry mass, chlorophyll a (chl a), and nutrient content of epiphyton grown on artificial substrates at different sites in a groundwater-fed lake and in experimental chambers with and without LGD. During the spring-summer periods, epiphyton accumulated more biomass, especially algae, in littoral LGD sites and in experimental chambers with LGD compared to controls without LGD. Epiphyton chl a accumulation reached up to 46 mg chl a/m(2) after 4 wk when exposed to LGD, compared to a maximum of 23 mg chl a/m(2) at control (C) sites. In the field survey, differences in epiphyton biomass between LGD and C sites were most pronounced at the end of summer, when epilimnetic P concentrations were lowest and epiphyton C:P ratios indicated P limitation. Groundwater-borne P may have facilitated epiphyton growth on macrophytes and periphyton growth on littoral sediments. Epiphyton stored up to 35 mg P/m(2) in 4 wk (which corresponds to 13\% of the total P content of the littoral waters), preventing its use by phytoplankton, and possibly contributing to the stabilization of a clear-water state. However, promotion of epiphyton growth by LGD may have contributed to an observed decline in macrophyte abundance caused by epiphyton shading and a decreased resilience of small charophytes to drag forces in shallow littoral areas of the studied lake in recent decades.}, language = {en} } @article{PyšekPerglEssletal.2017, author = {Pyšek, Petr and Pergl, Jan and Essl, Franz and Lenzner, Bernd and Dawson, Wayne and Kreft, Holger and Weigelt, Patrick and Winter, Marten and Kartesz, John and Nishino, Misako and Antonova, Liubov A. and Barcelona, Julie F. and Cabezas, Francisco Jos{\´e} and C{\´a}rdenas L{\´o}pez, Dairon and C{\´a}rdenas-Toro, Juliana and Castańo, Nicol{\´a}s and Chac{\´o}n, Eduardo and Chatelain, Cyrille and Dullinger, Stefan and Ebel, Aleksandr L. and Figueiredo, Estrela and Fuentes, Nicol and Genovesi, Piero and Groom, Quentin J. and Henderson, Lesley and Inderjit, and Kupriyanov, Andrey and Masciadri, Silvana and Maurel, No{\"e}lie and Meerman, Jan and Morozova, Olʹga V. and Moser, Dietmar and Nickrent, Daniel and Nowak, Pauline M. and Pagad, Shyama and Patzelt, Annette and Pelser, Pieter B. and Seebens, Hanno and Shu, Wen-sheng and Thomas, Jacob and Velayos, Mauricio and Weber, Ewald and Wieringa, Jan J. and Baptiste, Maria P. and Kleunen, Mark van}, title = {Naturalized alien flora of the world}, series = {Preslia : the journal of the Czech Botanical Society}, volume = {89}, journal = {Preslia : the journal of the Czech Botanical Society}, number = {3}, publisher = {Czech Botanical Soc.}, address = {Praha}, issn = {0032-7786}, doi = {10.23855/preslia.2017.203}, pages = {203 -- 274}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Using the recently built Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database, containing data on the distribution of naturalized alien plants in 483 mainland and 361 island regions of the world, we describe patterns in diversity and geographic distribution of naturalized and invasive plant species, taxonomic, phylogenetic and life-history structure of the global naturalized flora as well as levels of naturalization and their determinants. The mainland regions with the highest numbers of naturalized aliens are some Australian states (with New South Wales being the richest on this continent) and several North American regions (of which California with 1753 naturalized plant species represents the world’s richest region in terms of naturalized alien vascular plants). England, Japan, New Zealand and the Hawaiian archipelago harbour most naturalized plants among islands or island groups. These regions also form the main hotspots of the regional levels of naturalization, measured as the percentage of naturalized aliens in the total flora of the region. Such hotspots of relative naturalized species richness appear on both the western and eastern coasts of North America, in north-western Europe, South Africa, south-eastern Australia, New Zealand, and India. High levels of island invasions by naturalized plants are concentrated in the Pacific, but also occur on individual islands across all oceans. The numbers of naturalized species are closely correlated with those of native species, with a stronger correlation and steeper increase for islands than mainland regions, indicating a greater vulnerability of islands to invasion by species that become successfully naturalized. South Africa, India, California, Cuba, Florida, Queensland and Japan have the highest numbers of invasive species. Regions in temperate and tropical zonobiomes harbour in total 9036 and 6774 naturalized species, respectively, followed by 3280 species naturalized in the Mediterranean zonobiome, 3057 in the subtropical zonobiome and 321 in the Arctic. The New World is richer in naturalized alien plants, with 9905 species compared to 7923 recorded in the Old World. While isolation is the key factor driving the level of naturalization on islands, zonobiomes differing in climatic regimes, and socioeconomy represented by per capita GDP, are central for mainland regions. The 11 most widely distributed species each occur in regions covering about one third of the globe or more in terms of the number of regions where they are naturalized and at least 35\% of the Earth’s land surface in terms of those regions’ areas, with the most widely distributed species Sonchus oleraceus occuring in 48\% of the regions that cover 42\% of the world area. Other widely distributed species are Ricinus communis, Oxalis corniculata, Portulaca oleracea, Eleusine indica, Chenopodium album, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Stellaria media, Bidens pilosa, Datura stramonium and Echinochloa crus-galli. Using the occurrence as invasive rather than only naturalized yields a different ranking, with Lantana camara (120 regions out of 349 for which data on invasive status are known), Calotropis procera (118), Eichhornia crassipes (113), Sonchus oleraceus (108) and Leucaena leucocephala (103) on top. As to the life-history spectra, islands harbour more naturalized woody species (34.4\%) thanmainland regions (29.5\%), and fewer annual herbs (18.7\% compared to 22.3\%). Ranking families by their absolute numbers of naturalized species reveals that Compositae (1343 species), Poaceae (1267) and Leguminosae (1189) contribute most to the global naturalized alien flora. Some families are disproportionally represented by naturalized aliens on islands (Arecaceae, Araceae, Acanthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae, Convolvulaceae, Rubiaceae, Malvaceae), and much fewer so on mainland (e.g. Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Boraginaceae). Relating the numbers of naturalized species in a family to its total global richness shows that some of the large species-rich families are over-represented among naturalized aliens (e.g. Poaceae, Leguminosae, Rosaceae, Amaranthaceae, Pinaceae), some under-represented (e.g. Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae), whereas the one richest in naturalized species, Compositae, reaches a value expected from its global species richness. Significant phylogenetic signal indicates that families with an increased potential of their species to naturalize are not distributed randomly on the evolutionary tree. Solanum (112 species), Euphorbia (108) and Carex (106) are the genera richest in terms of naturalized species; over-represented on islands are Cotoneaster, Juncus, Eucalyptus, Salix, Hypericum, Geranium and Persicaria, while those relatively richer in naturalized species on the mainland are Atriplex, Opuntia, Oenothera, Artemisia, Vicia, Galium and Rosa. The data presented in this paper also point to where information is lacking and set priorities for future data collection. The GloNAF database has potential for designing concerted action to fill such data gaps, and provide a basis for allocating resources most efficiently towards better understanding and management of plant invasions worldwide.}, language = {en} } @article{PospisilCzernitzkiScheffler2017, author = {Pospisil, Christina and Czernitzki, Anna-Franziska and Scheffler, Christiane}, title = {No association between nutrition and body height in German kindergarten children}, series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie}, volume = {74}, journal = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie}, number = {3}, publisher = {Schweizerbart}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0003-5548}, doi = {10.1127/anthranz/2017/0704}, pages = {199 -- 202}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Anthropologists all over the world are discussing influences on individual height including quantity and quality of nutrition. To examine whether a relationship between nutritional components and height can be found this pilot study has been developed. The research samples consisted of 44 children (age 3-6 years) attending two different kindergartens in Germany. Height measurements were taken for each child. Furthermore the parents had to fill out a 24-hour questionnaire to document their children's eating habits during the weekend. In order to standardize the measured height values z-scores were calculated with reference to the average height of the overall cohort. The results of correlation analysis indicate that height is not significantly related to any of the main nutritional components as protein (r = -0.148), carbohydrates (r = 0.126), fat (r = 0.107), fibre (r = -0.289), vitamin (r = 0.050), calcium (r = 0.110), potassium (r = 0.189) and overall calorie intake (r = 0.302). In conclusion, it can be stated that the quality of nutrition may not have a strong influence on individual height. However, due to the small sample size further research should be provided with a larger cohort of children to verify the present results.}, language = {en} } @article{PlueDeFrenneAcharyaetal.2017, author = {Plue, Jan and De Frenne, Pieter and Acharya, Kamal and Brunet, J{\"o}rg and Chabrerie, Olivier and Decocq, Guillaume and Diekmann, Martin and Graae, Bente J. and Heinken, Thilo and Hermy, Martin and Kolb, Annette and Lemke, Isgard and Liira, Jaan and Naaf, Tobias and Verheyen, Kris and Wulf, Monika and Cousins, Sara A. O.}, title = {Where does the community start, and where does it end?}, series = {Journal of vegetation science}, volume = {28}, journal = {Journal of vegetation science}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1100-9233}, doi = {10.1111/jvs.12493}, pages = {424 -- 435}, year = {2017}, abstract = {QuestionBelow-ground processes are key determinants of above-ground plant population and community dynamics. Still, our understanding of how environmental drivers shape plant communities is mostly based on above-ground diversity patterns, bypassing below-ground plant diversity stored in seed banks. As seed banks may shape above-ground plant communities, we question whether concurrently analysing the above- and below-ground species assemblages may potentially enhance our understanding of community responses to environmental variation. LocationTemperate deciduous forests along a 2000km latitudinal gradient in NW Europe. MethodsHerb layer, seed bank and local environmental data including soil pH, canopy cover, forest cover continuity and time since last canopy disturbance were collected in 129 temperate deciduous forest plots. We quantified herb layer and seed bank diversity per plot and evaluated how environmental variation structured community diversity in the herb layer, seed bank and the combined herb layer-seed bank community. ResultsSeed banks consistently held more plant species than the herb layer. How local plot diversity was partitioned across the herb layer and seed bank was mediated by environmental variation in drivers serving as proxies of light availability. The herb layer and seed bank contained an ever smaller and ever larger share of local diversity, respectively, as both canopy cover and time since last canopy disturbance decreased. Species richness and -diversity of the combined herb layer-seed bank community responded distinctly differently compared to the separate assemblages in response to environmental variation in, e.g. forest cover continuity and canopy cover. ConclusionsThe seed bank is a below-ground diversity reservoir of the herbaceous forest community, which interacts with the herb layer, although constrained by environmental variation in e.g. light availability. The herb layer and seed bank co-exist as a single community by means of the so-called storage effect, resulting in distinct responses to environmental variation not necessarily recorded in the individual herb layer or seed bank assemblages. Thus, concurrently analysing above- and below-ground diversity will improve our ecological understanding of how understorey plant communities respond to environmental variation.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Peng2017, author = {Peng, Xingzhou}, title = {Multiphase polymers based on polydepsipeptides as a multifunctional materials platform}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xv, 99}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{PatelWutkeLenzetal.2017, author = {Patel, Riddhi P. and Wutke, Saskia and Lenz, Dorina and Mukherjee, Shomita and Ramakrishnan, Uma and Veron, Geraldine and Fickel, J{\"o}rns and Wilting, Andreas and F{\"o}rster, Daniel W.}, title = {Genetic Structure and Phylogeography of the Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) Inferred from Mitochondrial Genomes}, series = {Journal of Heredity}, volume = {108}, journal = {Journal of Heredity}, number = {4}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Cary}, issn = {0022-1503}, doi = {10.1093/jhered/esx017}, pages = {349 -- 360}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The Leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis is a habitat generalist that is widely distributed across Southeast Asia. Based on morphological traits, this species has been subdivided into 12 subspecies. Thus far, there have been few molecular studies investigating intraspecific variation, and those had been limited in geographic scope. For this reason, we aimed to study the genetic structure and evolutionary history of this species across its very large distribution range in Asia. We employed both PCR-based (short mtDNA fragments, 94 samples) and high throughput sequencing based methods (whole mitochondrial genomes, 52 samples) on archival, noninvasively collected and fresh samples to investigate the distribution of intraspecific genetic variation. Our comprehensive sampling coupled with the improved resolution of a mitochondrial genome analyses provided strong support for a deep split between Mainland and Sundaic Leopard cats. Although we identified multiple haplogroups within the species' distribution, we found no matrilineal evidence for the distinction of 12 subspecies. In the context of Leopard cat biogeography, we cautiously recommend a revision of the Prionailurus bengalensis subspecific taxonomy: namely, a reduction to 4 subspecies (2 mainland and 2 Sundaic forms).}, language = {en} } @article{ParagasHumphreysMinetal.2017, author = {Paragas, Erickson M. and Humphreys, Sara C. and Min, Joshua and Joswig-Jones, Carolyn A. and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke and Jones, Jeffrey P.}, title = {ecoAO}, series = {ACS OMEGA}, volume = {2}, journal = {ACS OMEGA}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2470-1343}, doi = {10.1021/acsomega.7b01054}, pages = {4820 -- 4827}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Although aldehyde oxidase (AO) is an important hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme, it remains understudied and is consequently often overlooked in preclinical studies, an oversight that has resulted in the failure of multiple clinical trials. AO's preclusion to investigation stems from the following: (1) difficulties synthesizing metabolic standards due to the chemospecificity and regiospecificity of the enzyme and (2) significant inherent variability across existing in vitro systems including liver cytosol, S9 fractions, and primary hepatocytes, which lack specificity and generate discordant expression and activity profiles. Here, we describe a practical bacterial biotransformation system, ecoAO, addressing both issues simultaneously. ecoAO is a cell paste of MoCo-producing Escherichia coli strain TP1017 expressing human AO. It exhibits specific activity toward known substrates, zoniporide, 4-trans-(N,N-dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde, O6-benzylguanine, and zaleplon; it also has utility as a biocatalyst, yielding milligram quantities of synthetically challenging metabolite standards such as 2-oxo-zoniporide. Moreover, ecoAO enables routine determination of kcat and V/K, which are essential parameters for accurate in vivo clearance predictions. Furthermore, ecoAO has potential as a preclinical in vitro screening tool for AO activity, as demonstrated by its metabolism of 3-aminoquinoline, a previously uncharacterized substrate. ecoAO promises to provide easy access to metabolites with the potential to improve pharmacokinetic clearance predictions and guide drug development.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{PandeyPant2017, author = {Pandey-Pant, Pooja}, title = {Comparative transcriptomics and functional genomics during phosphorus limitation in plants}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {152}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{NishinoOkamotoLeimkuehler2017, author = {Nishino, Takeshi and Okamoto, Ken and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke}, title = {Enzymes of the Xanthine Oxidase Family}, series = {Molybdenum and tungsten enzymes : biochemistry}, volume = {5}, journal = {Molybdenum and tungsten enzymes : biochemistry}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {978-1-78262-391-5}, doi = {10.1039/9781782623915-00192}, pages = {192 -- 239}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Enzymes from the xanthine oxidase (XO) family of molybdenum enzymes are generally, with some exceptions, molybdenum iron-sulfur flavin hydroxylases. Mammalian xanthine oxidoreductase and aldehyde oxidase were among the first enzymes to be studied in detail more than 100 years ago and, surprisingly, they continue to be thoroughly studied in molecular detail with many open and unresolved questions remaining. Enzymes of the XO family are characterized by a molybdenum cofactor (Moco) active site with a MoVIOS(OH) ligand sphere where substrate hydroxylation of either aromatic or aliphatic carbon centers is catalyzed. During the reaction, electrons are transferred to the oxidizing substrate, most commonly O2 or NAD+, which react at the FAD site.}, language = {en} } @article{NietzscheGuerraAlseekhetal.2017, author = {Nietzsche, Madlen and Guerra, Tiziana and Alseekh, Saleh and Wiermer, Marcel and Sonnewald, Sophia and Fernie, Alisdair R. and B{\"o}rnke, Frederik}, title = {STOREKEEPER RELATED1/G-Element Binding Protein (STKR1) Interacts with Protein Kinase SnRK1}, series = {Plant physiology : an international journal devoted to physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, biophysics and environmental biology of plants}, volume = {176}, journal = {Plant physiology : an international journal devoted to physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, biophysics and environmental biology of plants}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Society of Plant Physiologists}, address = {Rockville}, issn = {0032-0889}, doi = {10.1104/pp.17.01461}, pages = {1773 -- 1792}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Sucrose nonfermenting related kinase1 (SnRK1) is a conserved energy sensor kinase that regulates cellular adaptation to energy deficit in plants. Activation of SnRK1 leads to the down-regulation of ATP-consuming biosynthetic processes and the stimulation of energy-generating catabolic reactions by transcriptional reprogramming and posttranslational modifications. Although considerable progress has been made during the last years in understanding the SnRK1 signaling pathway, many of its components remain unidentified. Here, we show that the catalytic alpha-subunits KIN10 and KIN11 of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SnRK1 complex interact with the STOREKEEPER RELATED1/G-Element Binding Protein (STKR1) inside the plant cell nucleus. Overexpression of STKR1 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants led to reduced growth, a delay in flowering, and strongly attenuated senescence. Metabolite profiling revealed that the transgenic lines exhausted their carbohydrates during the dark period to a greater extent than the wild type and accumulated a range of amino acids. At the global transcriptome level, genes affected by STKR1 overexpression were broadly associated with systemic acquired resistance, and transgenic plants showed enhanced resistance toward a virulent strain of the biotrophic oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Noco2. We discuss a possible connection of STKR1 function, SnRK1 signaling, and plant immunity.}, language = {en} } @article{NeumannKielbRustametal.2017, author = {Neumann, Bettina and Kielb, Patrycja and Rustam, Lina and Fischer, Anna and Weidinger, Inez M. and Wollenberger, Ulla}, title = {Bioelectrocatalytic Reduction of Hydrogen Peroxide by Microperoxidase-11 Immobilized on Mesoporous Antimony-Doped Tin Oxide}, series = {ChemElectrChem}, volume = {4}, journal = {ChemElectrChem}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {2196-0216}, doi = {10.1002/celc.201600776}, pages = {913 -- 919}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The heme-undecapeptide microperoxidase-11 (MP-11) was immobilized on mesoporous antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) thin-film electrodes modified with the positively charged binding promotor polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride. Surface concentrations of MP-11 of 1.5 nmol cm(-2) were sufficiently high to enable spectroelectrochemical analyses. UV/Vis spectroscopy and resonance Raman spectroscopy revealed that immobilized MP-11 adopts a six-coordinated low-spin conformation, as in solution in the presence of a polycation. Cathodic reduction of hydrogen peroxide at potentials close to +500mV versus Ag/AgCl indicates that the reaction proceeds via a Compound I-type like intermediate, analogous to natural peroxidases, and confirms mesoporous ATO as a suitable host material for adsorbing the heme-peptide in its native state. A hydrogen peroxide sensor is proposed by using the bioelectrocatalytic properties of the MP-11-modified ATO.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Neuber2017, author = {Neuber, Corinna}, title = {Analytik zur Biotransformation des Sphingosin 1-phosphat-abbauproduktes (2E)-Hexadecenal}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {161}, year = {2017}, language = {de} } @article{NakamuraClaesGrebeetal.2017, author = {Nakamura, Moritaka and Claes, Andrea R. and Grebe, Tobias and Hermkes, Rebecca and Viotti, Corrado and Ikeda, Yoshihisa and Grebe, Markus}, title = {Auxin and ROP GTPase Signaling of Polar Nuclear Migration in Root Epidermal Hair Cells}, series = {Plant physiology : an international journal devoted to physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, biophysics and environmental biology of plants}, volume = {176}, journal = {Plant physiology : an international journal devoted to physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, biophysics and environmental biology of plants}, number = {1}, publisher = {American Society of Plant Physiologists}, address = {Rockville}, issn = {0032-0889}, doi = {10.1104/pp.17.00713}, pages = {378 -- 391}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Polar nuclear migration is crucial during the development of diverse eukaryotes. In plants, root hair growth requires polar nuclear migration into the outgrowing hair. However, knowledge about the dynamics and the regulatory mechanisms underlying nuclear movements in root epidermal cells remains limited. Here, we show that both auxin and Rho-of-Plant (ROP) signaling modulate polar nuclear position at the inner epidermal plasma membrane domain oriented to the cortical cells during cell elongation as well as subsequent polar nuclear movement to the outer domain into the emerging hair bulge in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Auxin signaling via the nuclear AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR7 (ARF7)/ARF19 and INDOLE ACETIC ACID7 pathway ensures correct nuclear placement toward the inner membrane domain. Moreover, precise inner nuclear placement relies on SPIKE1 Rho-GEF, SUPERCENTIPEDE1 Rho-GDI, and ACTIN7 (ACT7) function and to a lesser extent on VTI11 vacuolar SNARE activity. Strikingly, the directionality and/or velocity of outer polar nuclear migration into the hair outgrowth along actin strands also are ACT7 dependent, auxin sensitive, and regulated by ROP signaling. Thus, our findings provide a founding framework revealing auxin and ROP signaling of inner polar nuclear position with some contribution by vacuolar morphology and of actin-dependent outer polar nuclear migration in root epidermal hair cells.}, language = {en} } @article{NagelKirschbaumTiedemann2017, author = {Nagel, Rebecca and Kirschbaum, Frank and Tiedemann, Ralph}, title = {Electric organ discharge diversification in mormyrid weakly electric fish is associated with differential expression of voltage-gated ion channel genes}, series = {Journal of comparative physiology : A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology}, volume = {203}, journal = {Journal of comparative physiology : A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0340-7594}, doi = {10.1007/s00359-017-1151-2}, pages = {183 -- 195}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In mormyrid weakly electric fish, the electric organ discharge (EOD) is used for species recognition, orientation and prey localization. Produced in the muscle-derived adult electric organ, the EOD exhibits a wide diversity across species in both waveform and duration. While certain defining EOD characteristics can be linked to anatomical features of the electric organ, many factors underlying EOD differentiation are yet unknown. Here, we report the differential expression of 13 Kv1 voltage-gated potassium channel genes, two inwardly rectifying potassium channel genes, two previously studied sodium channel genes and an ATPase pump in two sympatric species of the genus Campylomormyrus in both the adult electric organ and skeletal muscle. Campylomormyrus compressirostris displays a basal EOD, largely unchanged during development, while C. tshokwe has an elongated, putatively derived discharge. We report an upregulation in all Kv1 genes in the electric organ of Campylomormyrus tshokwe when compared to both skeletal muscle and C. compressirostris electric organ. This pattern of upregulation in a species with a derived EOD form suggests that voltage-gated potassium channels are potentially involved in the diversification of the EOD signal among mormyrid weakly electric fish.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Nagel2017, author = {Nagel, Rebecca}, title = {Genetic and behavioral investigations into African weakly electric fish (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) speciation}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {121}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{MuellerHadzicMugeleetal.2017, author = {M{\"u}ller, Juliane and Hadzic, Miralem and Mugele, Hendrik and Stoll, Josefine and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Mayer, Frank}, title = {Effect of high-intensity perturbations during core-specific sensorimotor exercises on trunk muscle activation}, series = {Journal of biomechanics}, volume = {70}, journal = {Journal of biomechanics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0021-9290}, doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.12.013}, pages = {212 -- 218}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Core-specific sensorimotor exercises are proven to enhance neuromuscular activity of the trunk. However, the influence of high-intensity perturbations on training efficiency is unclear within this context. Sixteen participants (29 +/- 2 yrs; 175 +/- 8 cm; 69 +/- 13 kg) were prepared with a 12-lead bilateral trunk EMG. Warm-up on a dynamometer was followed by maximum voluntary isometric trunk (flex/ext) contraction (MVC). Next, participants performed four conditions for a one-legged stance with hip abduction on a stable surface (HA) repeated randomly on an unstable surface (HAP), on a stable surface with perturbation (HA + P), and on an unstable surface with perturbation (HAP + P). Afterwards, bird dog (BD) was performed under the same conditions (BD, BDP, BD + P, BDP + P). A foam pad under the foot (HA) or the knee (BD) was used as an unstable surface. Exercises were conducted on a moveable platform. Perturbations (ACC 50 m/sec(2);100 ms duration;10rep.) were randomly applied in the anterior-posterior direction. The root mean square (RMS) normalized to MVC (\%) was calculated (whole movement cycle). Muscles were grouped into ventral right and left (VR;VL), and dorsal right and left (DR;DL). Ventral Dorsal and right-left ratios were calculated (two way repeated-measures ANOVA;alpha = 0,05). Amplitudes of all muscle groups in bird dog were higher compared to hip abduction (p <= 0.0001; Range: BD: 14 +/- 3\% (BD;VR) to 53 +/- 4\%; HA: 7 +/- 2\% (HA;DR) to 16 +/- 4\% (HA;DR)). EMG-RMS showed significant differences (p < 0.001) between conditions and muscle groups per exercise. Interaction effects were only significant for HA (p = 0.02). No significant differences were present in EMG ratios (p > 0.05). Additional high-intensity perturbations during core-specific sensorimotor exercises lead to increased neuromuscular activity and therefore higher exercise intensities. However, the beneficial effects on trunk function remain unclear. Nevertheless, BD is more suitable to address trunk muscles.}, language = {en} } @article{MunozManganoPazGonzalezGarciaetal.2017, author = {Mu{\~n}oz, Alfonso and Mangano, Silvina and Paz Gonzalez-Garcia, Mary and Contreras, Ramon and Sauer, Michael and De Rybel, Bert and Weijers, Dolf and Juan Sanchez-Serrano, Jose and Sanmartin, Maite and Rojo, Enrique}, title = {RIMA-Dependent Nuclear Accumulation of IYO Triggers Auxin-Irreversible Cell Differentiation in Arabidopsis}, series = {The plant cell}, volume = {29}, journal = {The plant cell}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Society of Plant Physiologists}, address = {Rockville}, issn = {1040-4651}, doi = {10.1105/tpc.16.00791}, pages = {575 -- 588}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The transcriptional regulator MINIYO (IYO) is essential and rate-limiting for initiating cell differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, IYO moves from the cytosol into the nucleus in cells at the meristem periphery, possibly triggering their differentiation. However, the genetic mechanisms controlling IYO nuclear accumulation were unknown, and the evidence that increased nuclear IYO levels trigger differentiation remained correlative. Searching for IYO interactors, we identified RPAP2 IYO Mate (RIMA), a homolog of yeast and human proteins linked to nuclear import of selective cargo. Knockdown of RIMA causes delayed onset of cell differentiation, phenocopying the effects of IYO knockdown at the transcriptomic and developmental levels. Moreover, differentiation is completely blocked when IYO and RIMA activities are simultaneously reduced and is synergistically accelerated when IYO and RIMA are concurrently overexpressed, confirming their functional interaction. Indeed, RIMA knockdown reduces the nuclear levels of IYO and prevents its prodifferentiation activity, supporting the conclusion that RIMA-dependent nuclear IYO accumulation triggers cell differentiation in Arabidopsis. Importantly, by analyzing the effect of the IYO/RIMA pathway on xylem pole pericycle cells, we provide compelling evidence reinforcing the view that the capacity for de novo organogenesis and regeneration from mature plant tissues can reside in stem cell reservoirs.}, language = {en} } @article{MusalekKokstejnPapezetal.2017, author = {Musalek, Martin and Kokstejn, Jakub and Papez, Pavel and Scheffler, Christiane and Mumm, Rebekka and Czernitzki, Anna-Franziska and Koziel, Slawomir}, title = {Impact of normal weight obesity on fundamental motor skills in pre-school children aged 3 to 6 years}, series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie}, volume = {74}, journal = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie}, publisher = {Schweizerbart}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0003-5548}, doi = {10.1127/anthranz/2017/0752}, pages = {203 -- 212}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Normal weight obesity is defined as having excessive body fat, but normal BMI. Even though previous research revealed that excessive body fat in children inhibited their physical activity and decreased motor performance, there has been only little evidence about motor performance of normal weight obese children. This study aims to establish whether normal weight obese pre-school children aged 3-6 years will have a significantly worse level of fundamental motor skills compared to normal weight non-obese counterparts. The research sample consisted of 152 pre-schoolers selected from a specific district of Prague, the Czech Republic. According to values from four skinfolds: triceps, subscapula, suprailiaca, calf, and BMI three categories of children aged 3-6 years were determined: A) normal weight obese n = 51; B) normal weight non-obese n = 52; C) overweight and obese n = 49. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2) was used for the assessment of fundamental motor skills. Normal weight obese children had significantly higher amount of adipose tissue p < 0.001 than normal weight non-obese children but the same average BMI. Moreover, normal weight obese children did not have significantly less amount of subcutaneous fat on triceps and calf compared to their overweight and obese peers. In majority of MABC-2 tests, normal weight obese pre-schoolers showed the poorest performance. Moreover, normal weight obese children had significantly worse total standard score = 38.82 compared to normal weight non-obese peers = 52.27; p < 0.05. In addition, normal weight obese children had a more than three times higher frequency OR = 3.69 CI95\% (1.10; 12.35) of severe motor deficit performance <= 5th centile of the MABC-2 norm. These findings are strongly alarming since indices like BMI are not able to identify normal weight obese individual. We recommend verifying real portion of normal weight obese children as they are probably in higher risk of health and motor problems than overweight and obese population due to their low lean mass.}, language = {en} } @article{MummCzernitzkiBentsetal.2017, author = {Mumm, Rebekka and Czernitzki, Anna-Franziska and Bents, Dominik and Musalek, Martin}, title = {Socioeconomic situation and growth in infants and juveniles}, series = {Anthropologischer Anzeiger : journal of biological and clinical anthropology ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie}, volume = {74}, journal = {Anthropologischer Anzeiger : journal of biological and clinical anthropology ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie}, publisher = {Schweizerbart}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0003-5548}, doi = {10.1127/anthranz/2017/0706}, pages = {101 -- 107}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: Physical growth of children and adolescents depends on the interaction of genetic and environmental factors e.g. diet and living conditions. Aim: We aim to discuss the influence of socioeconomic situation, using income inequality and GDP per capita as indicators, on body height, body weight and the variability of height and weight in infants and juveniles. Material and methods: We re-analyzed data from 439 growth studies on height and weight published during the last 35 years. We added year-and country-matched GDP per capita (in current US\$) and the Gini coefficient for each study. The data were divided into two age groups: infants (age 2) and juveniles (age 7). We used Pearson correlation and principal component analysis to investigate the data. Results: Gini coefficient negatively correlated with body height and body weight in infants and juveniles. GDP per capita showed a positive correlation with height and weight in both age groups. In infants the standard deviation of height increases with increasing Gini coefficient. The opposite is true for juveniles. A correlation of weight variability and socioeconomic indicators is absent in infants. In juveniles the variability of weight increases with declining Gini coefficient and increasing logGDP per capita. Discussion: Poverty and income inequality are generally associated with poor growth in height and weight. The analysis of the within-population height and weight variations however, shows that the associations between wealth, income, and anthropometric parameters are very complex and cannot be explained by common wisdom. They point towards an independent regulation of height and weight.}, language = {en} } @article{MohandesanSpellerPetersetal.2017, author = {Mohandesan, Elmira and Speller, Camilla F. and Peters, Joris and Uerpmann, Hans-Peter and Uerpmann, Margarethe and De Cupere, Bea and Hofreiter, Michael and Burger, Pamela A.}, title = {Combined hybridization capture and shotgun sequencing for ancient DNA analysis of extinct wild and domestic dromedary camel}, series = {Molecular ecology resources}, volume = {17}, journal = {Molecular ecology resources}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1755-098X}, doi = {10.1111/1755-0998.12551}, pages = {300 -- 313}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The performance of hybridization capture combined with next-generation sequencing (NGS) has seen limited investigation with samples from hot and arid regions until now. We applied hybridization capture and shotgun sequencing to recover DNA sequences from bone specimens of ancient-domestic dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) and its extinct ancestor, the wild dromedary from Jordan, Syria, Turkey and the Arabian Peninsula, respectively. Our results show that hybridization capture increased the percentage of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) recovery by an average 187-fold and in some cases yielded virtually complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes at multifold coverage in a single capture experiment. Furthermore, we tested the effect of hybridization temperature and time by using a touchdown approach on a limited number of samples. We observed no significant difference in the number of unique dromedary mtDNA reads retrieved with the standard capture compared to the touchdown method. In total, we obtained 14 partial mitochondrial genomes from ancient-domestic dromedaries with 17-95\% length coverage and 1.27-47.1-fold read depths for the covered regions. Using whole-genome shotgun sequencing, we successfully recovered endogenous dromedary nuclear DNA (nuDNA) from domestic and wild dromedary specimens with 1-1.06-fold read depths for covered regions. Our results highlight that despite recent methodological advances, obtaining ancient DNA (aDNA) from specimens recovered from hot, arid environments is still problematic. Hybridization protocols require specific optimization, and samples at the limit of DNA preservation need multiple replications of DNA extraction and hybridization capture as has been shown previously for Middle Pleistocene specimens.}, language = {en} } @article{MeyerPtacnikHillebrandetal.2017, author = {Meyer, Sebastian Tobias and Ptacnik, Robert and Hillebrand, Helmut and Bessler, Holger and Buchmann, Nina and Ebeling, Anne and Eisenhauer, Nico and Engels, Christof and Fischer, Markus and Halle, Stefan and Klein, Alexandra-Maria and Oelmann, Yvonne and Roscher, Christiane and Rottstock, Tanja and Scherber, Christoph and Scheu, Stefan and Schmid, Bernhard and Schulze, Ernst-Detlef and Temperton, Vicky M. and Tscharntke, Teja and Voigt, Winfried and Weigelt, Alexandra and Wilcke, Wolfgang and Weisser, Wolfgang W.}, title = {Biodiversity-multifunctionality relationships depend on identity and number of measured functions}, series = {Nature Ecology \& Evolution}, volume = {2}, journal = {Nature Ecology \& Evolution}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2397-334X}, doi = {10.1038/s41559-017-0391-4}, pages = {44 -- 49}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Biodiversity ensures ecosystem functioning and provisioning of ecosystem services, but it remains unclear how biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationships depend on the identity and number of functions considered. Here, we demonstrate that ecosystem multifunctionality, based on 82 indicator variables of ecosystem functions in a grassland biodiversity experiment, increases strongly with increasing biodiversity. Analysing subsets of functions showed that the effects of biodiversity on multifunctionality were stronger when more functions were included and that the strength of the biodiversity effects depended on the identity of the functions included. Limits to multifunctionality arose from negative correlations among functions and functions that were not correlated with biodiversity. Our findings underline that the management of ecosystems for the protection of biodiversity cannot be replaced by managing for particular ecosystem functions or services and emphasize the need for specific management to protect biodiversity. More plant species from the experimental pool of 60 species contributed to functioning when more functions were considered. An individual contribution to multifunctionality could be demonstrated for only a fraction of the species.}, language = {en} } @article{MeyerPeterBatsiosetal.2017, author = {Meyer, Irene and Peter, Tatjana and Batsios, Petros and Kuhnert, Oliver and Krueger-Genge, Anne and Camurca, Carl and Gr{\"a}f, Ralph}, title = {CP39, CP75 and CP91 are major structural components of the Dictyostelium}, series = {European journal of cell biology}, volume = {96}, journal = {European journal of cell biology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Jena}, issn = {0171-9335}, doi = {10.1016/j.eicb.2017.01.004}, pages = {119 -- 130}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The acentriolar Dictyostelium centrosome is a nucleus-associated body consisting of a core structure with three plaque-like layers, which are surrounded by a microtubule-nucleating corona. The core duplicates once per cell cycle at the G2/M transition, whereby its central layer disappears and the two outer layers form the mitotic spindle poles. Through proteomic analysis of isolated centrosomes, we have identified CP39 and CP75, two essential components of the core structure. Both proteins can be assigned to the central core layer as their centrosomal presence is correlated to the disappearance and reappearance of the central core layer in the course of centrosome duplication. Both proteins contain domains with centrosome-binding activity in their N- and C-terminal halves, whereby the respective N-terminal half is required for cell cycle-dependent regulation. CP39 is capable of self-interaction and GFP-CP39 overexpression elicited supernumerary microtubule-organizing centers and pre-centrosomal cytosolic clusters. Underexpression stopped cell growth and reversed the MTOC amplification phenotype. In contrast, in case of CP75 underexpression of the protein by RNAi treatment elicited supernumerary MTOCs. In addition, CP75RNAi affects correct chromosome segregation and causes co-depletion of CP39 and CP91, another central core layer component. CP39 and CP75 interact with each other directly in a yeast two-hybrid assay. Furthermore, CP39, CP75 and CP91 mutually interact in a proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) assay. Our data indicate that these three proteins are all required for proper centrosome biogenesis and make up the major structural components of core structure's central layer.}, language = {en} } @article{McVeyKimTabuchietal.2017, author = {McVey, Mark J. and Kim, Michael and Tabuchi, Arata and Srbely, Victoria and Japtok, Lukasz and Arenz, Christoph and Rotstein, Ori and Kleuser, Burkhard and Semple, John W. and Kuebler, Wolfgang M.}, title = {Acid sphingomyelinase mediates murine acute lung injury following transfusion of aged platelets}, series = {American journal of physiology : Lung cellular and molecular physiology}, volume = {312}, journal = {American journal of physiology : Lung cellular and molecular physiology}, number = {5}, publisher = {American Physiological Society}, address = {Bethesda}, issn = {1040-0605}, doi = {10.1152/ajplung.00317.2016}, pages = {625 -- 637}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Pulmonary complications from stored blood products are the leading cause of mortality related to transfusion. Transfusion-related acute lung injury is mediated by antibodies or bioactive mediators, yet underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Sphingolipids such as ceramide regulate lung injury, and their composition changes as a function of time in stored blood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that aged platelets may induce lung injury via a sphingolipid-mediated mechanism. To assess this hypothesis, a two-hit mouse model was devised. Recipient mice were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets treated with or without addition of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 or platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, which both reduce ceramide formation. Transfused mice were examined for signs of pulmonary neutrophil accumulation, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and histological evidence of lung injury. Sphingolipid profiles in stored platelets were analyzed by mass spectrophotometry. Transfusion of aged platelets into primed mice induced characteristic features of lung injury, which increased in severity as a function of storage time. Ceramide accumulated in platelets during storage, but this was attenuated by ARC39 or in acid sphingomyelinase-deficient platelets. Compared with wild-type platelets, transfusion of ARC39-treated or acid sphingomyelinase-deficient aged platelets alleviated lung injury. Aged platelets elicit lung injury in primed recipient mice, which can be alleviated by pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of acid sphingomyelinase. Interventions targeting sphingolipid formation represent a promising strategy to increase the safety and longevity of stored blood products.}, language = {en} } @article{McGinnisFluryTangetal.2017, author = {McGinnis, Daniel F. and Flury, Sabine and Tang, Kam W. and Grossart, Hans-Peter}, title = {Porewater methane transport within the gas vesicles of diurnally migrating Chaoborus spp.}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, journal = {Scientific reports}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/srep44478}, pages = {7}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Diurnally-migrating Chaoborus spp. reach populations of up to 130,000 individuals m-2 in lakes up to 70 meters deep on all continents except Antarctica. Linked to eutrophication, migrating Chaoborus spp. dwell in the anoxic sediment during daytime and feed in the oxic surface layer at night. Our experiments show that by burrowing into the sediment, Chaoborus spp. utilize the high dissolved gas partial pressure of sediment methane to inflate their tracheal sacs. This mechanism provides a significant energetic advantage that allows the larvae to migrate via passive buoyancy rather than more energy-costly swimming. The Chaoborus spp. larvae, in addition to potentially releasing sediment methane bubbles twice a day by entering and leaving the sediment, also transport porewater methane within their gas vesicles into the water column, resulting in a flux of 0.01-2 mol m-2 yr-1 depending on population density and water depth. Chaoborus spp. emerging annually as flies also result in 0.1-6 mol m-2 yr-1 of carbon export from the system. Finding the tipping point in lake eutrophication enabling this methane-powered migration mechanism is crucial for ultimately reconstructing the geographical expansion of Chaoborus spp., and the corresponding shifts in the lake's biogeochemistry, carbon cycling and food web structure.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{MartinezJaime2017, author = {Mart{\´i}nez Jaime, Silvia}, title = {Towards the understanding of protein function and regulation}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {131}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{MartinsFickelMinhLeetal.2017, author = {Martins, Renata F. and Fickel, J{\"o}rns and Minh Le, and Thanh Van Nguyen, and Nguyen, Ha M. and Timmins, Robert and Gan, Han Ming and Rovie-Ryan, Jeffrine J. and Lenz, Dorina and F{\"o}rster, Daniel W. and Wilting, Andreas}, title = {Phylogeography of red muntjacs reveals three distinct mitochondrial lineages}, series = {BMC evolutionary biology}, volume = {17}, journal = {BMC evolutionary biology}, number = {34}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {1471-2148}, doi = {10.1186/s12862-017-0888-0}, pages = {12}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: The members of the genus Muntiacus are of particular interest to evolutionary biologists due to their extreme chromosomal rearrangements and the ongoing discussions about the number of living species. Red muntjacs have the largest distribution of all muntjacs and were formerly considered as one species. Karyotype differences led to the provisional split between the Southern Red Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) and the Northern Red Muntjac (M. vaginalis), but uncertainties remain as, so far, no phylogenetic study has been conducted. Here, we analysed whole mitochondrial genomes of 59 archival and 16 contemporaneous samples to resolve uncertainties about their taxonomy and used red muntjacs as model for understanding the evolutionary history of other species in Southeast Asia. Results: We found three distinct matrilineal groups of red muntjacs: Sri Lankan red muntjacs (including the Western Ghats) diverged first from other muntjacs about 1.5 Mya; later northern red muntjacs (including North India and Indochina) and southern red muntjacs (Sundaland) split around 1.12 Mya. The diversification of red muntjacs into these three main lineages was likely promoted by two Pleistocene barriers: one through the Indian subcontinent and one separating the Indochinese and Sundaic red muntjacs. Interestingly, we found a high level of gene flow within the populations of northern and southern red muntjacs, indicating gene flow between populations in Indochina and dispersal of red muntjacs over the exposed Sunda Shelf during the Last Glacial Maximum. Conclusions: Our results provide new insights into the evolution of species in South and Southeast Asia as we found clear genetic differentiation in a widespread and generalist species, corresponding to two known biogeographical barriers: The Isthmus of Kra and the central Indian dry zone. In addition, our molecular data support either the delineation of three monotypic species or three subspecies, but more importantly these data highlight the conservation importance of the Sri Lankan/South Indian red muntjac.}, language = {en} } @article{MaddockChilderstoneFryetal.2017, author = {Maddock, Simon T. and Childerstone, Aaron and Fry, Bryan Grieg and Williams, David J. and Barlow, Axel and Wuester, Wolfgang}, title = {Multi-locus phylogeny and species delimitation of Australo-Papuan blacksnakes (Pseudechis Wagler, 1830: Elapidae: Serpentes)}, series = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution}, volume = {107}, journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {1055-7903}, doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2016.09.005}, pages = {48 -- 55}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Genetic analyses of Australasian organisms have resulted in the identification of extensive cryptic diversity across the continent. The venomous elapid snakes are among the best-studied organismal groups in this region, but many knowledge gaps persist: for instance, despite their iconic status, the species-level diversity among Australo-Papuan blacksnakes (Pseudechis) has remained poorly understood due to the existence of a group of cryptic species within the P. australis species complex, collectively termed "pygmy mulga snakes". Using two mitochondrial and three nuclear loci we assess species boundaries within the genus using Bayesian species delimitation methods and reconstruct their phylogenetic history using multispecies coalescent approaches. Our analyses support the recognition of 10 species, including all of the currently described pygmy mulga snakes and one undescribed species from the Northern Territory of Australia. Phylogenetic relationships within the genus are broadly consistent with previous work, with the recognition of three major groups, the viviparous red-bellied black snake P. porphyriacus forming the sister species to two clades consisting of ovoviviparous species.}, language = {en} } @article{MachensBalazadehMuellerRoeberetal.2017, author = {Machens, Fabian and Balazadeh, Salma and M{\"u}ller-R{\"o}ber, Bernd and Messerschmidt, Katrin}, title = {Synthetic Promoters and Transcription Factors for Heterologous Protein Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae}, series = {Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology}, volume = {5}, journal = {Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology}, publisher = {Frontiers}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2296-4185}, doi = {10.3389/fbioe.2017.00063}, pages = {1 -- 11}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Orthogonal systems for heterologous protein expression as well as for the engineering of synthetic gene regulatory circuits in hosts like Saccharomyces cerevisiae depend on synthetic transcription factors (synTFs) and corresponding cis-regulatory binding sites. We have constructed and characterized a set of synTFs based on either transcription activator-like effectors or CRISPR/Cas9, and corresponding small synthetic promoters (synPs) with minimal sequence identity to the host's endogenous promoters. The resulting collection of functional synTF/synP pairs confers very low background expression under uninduced conditions, while expression output upon induction of the various synTFs covers a wide range and reaches induction factors of up to 400. The broad spectrum of expression strengths that is achieved will be useful for various experimental setups, e.g., the transcriptional balancing of expression levels within heterologous pathways or the construction of artificial regulatory networks. Furthermore, our analyses reveal simple rules that enable the tuning of synTF expression output, thereby allowing easy modification of a given synTF/synP pair. This will make it easier for researchers to construct tailored transcriptional control systems.}, language = {en} } @article{LuetkecosmannWarsinkeTschoepeetal.2017, author = {L{\"u}tkecosmann, Steffi and Warsinke, Axel and Tsch{\"o}pe, Winfried and Eichler, R{\"u}diger and Hanack, Katja}, title = {A novel monoclonal antibody suitable for the detection of leukotriene B4}, series = {Biochemical and biophysical research communications}, volume = {482}, journal = {Biochemical and biophysical research communications}, number = {4}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {0006-291X}, doi = {10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.157}, pages = {1054 -- 1059}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Leukotriene B4 as an inflammatory mediator is an important biomarker for different respiratory diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cystic lung fibrosis. Therefore the detection of LTB4 is helpful in the diagnosis of these pulmonary diseases. However, until now its determination in exhaled breath condensates suffers from problems of accuracy. Reasons for that could be improper sample collection and preparation methods of condensates and the lack of consistently assay specificity and reproducibility of the used immunoassay detection system. In this study we describe the development and the characterization of a specific monoclonal antibody (S27BC6) against LTB4, its use as molecular recognition element for the development of an enzyme-linked immunoassay to detect LTB4 and discuss possible future diagnostic applications.}, language = {en} } @article{LuHasanZengetal.2017, author = {Lu, Yong-Ping and Hasan, Ahmed A. and Zeng, Shufei and Hocher, Berthold}, title = {Plasma ET-1 concentrations are elevated in pregnant women with hypertension - meta-analysis of clinical studies}, series = {Kidney \& blood pressure research : official organ of the Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Nephrologie ; official organ of the Deutsche Liga zur Bek{\"a}mpfung des Hohen Blutdruckes e.V., Deutsche Hypertonie-Gesellschaft}, volume = {42}, journal = {Kidney \& blood pressure research : official organ of the Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Nephrologie ; official organ of the Deutsche Liga zur Bek{\"a}mpfung des Hohen Blutdruckes e.V., Deutsche Hypertonie-Gesellschaft}, number = {4}, publisher = {Karger}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1420-4096}, doi = {10.1159/000482004}, pages = {654 -- 663}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background/Aims: The ET system might be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. The objective is to analyse the impact of ET-1 in hypertensive pregnant women by a strict meta-analysis of published human clinical studies. Methods: Based on the principle of Cochrane systematic reviews, Cohort studies in PubMed (Medline), Google Scholar and China Biological Medicine Database (CBM-disc) designed to identify the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the pathophysiology of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia were screened. Review Manager Version 5.0 (Rev-Man 5.0) was applied for statistical analysis. Mean difference and 95\% confidence interval (CI) were shown in inverse variance (IV) fixed-effects model or IV random-effects model. Results: Sixteen published cohort studies including 1739 hypertensive cases and 409 controls were used in the meta-analysis. ET-1 plasma concentrations were higher in hypertensive pregnant women as compared to the controls (mean difference between groups: 19.02 [15.60～22.44], P < 0.00001,). These finding were driven by severity of hypertension and/or degree of proteinuria. Conclusion: Plasma ET-1 concentrations are elevated in hypertensive disorders during human pregnancy. In particular women with preeclampsia (hypertensive pregnant women with proteinuria) have substantially elevated plasma ET-1 concentration as compared to pregnant women with normal blood pressure.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Loiacono2017, author = {Loiacono, Filomena Vanessa}, title = {Transfer of chloroplast RNA editing events between species}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {155}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{LiXuWangetal.2017, author = {Li, Zhengdong and Xu, Xun and Wang, Weiwei and Kratz, Karl and Sun, Xianlei and Zou, Jie and Deng, Zijun and Jung, Friedrich Wilhelm and Gossen, Manfred and Ma, Nan and Lendlein, Andreas}, title = {Modulation of the mesenchymal stem cell migration capacity via preconditioning with topographic microstructure}, series = {Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation : blood flow and vessels}, volume = {67}, journal = {Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation : blood flow and vessels}, publisher = {IOS Press}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1386-0291}, doi = {10.3233/CH-179208}, pages = {267 -- 278}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Controlling mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) behavior is necessary to fully exploit their therapeutic potential. Various approaches are employed to effectively influence the migration capacity of MSCs. Here, topographic microstructures with different microscale roughness were created on polystyrene (PS) culture vessel surfaces as a feasible physical preconditioning strategy to modulate MSC migration. By analyzing trajectories of cells migrating after reseeding, we demonstrated that the mobilization velocity of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) could be promoted by and persisted after brief preconditioning with the appropriate microtopography. Moreover, the elevated activation levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in hADSCs were also observed during and after the preconditioning process. These findings underline the potential enhancement of in vivo therapeutic efficacy in regenerative medicine via transplantation of topographic microstructure preconditioned stem cells.}, language = {en} } @article{LeimkuehlerMendel2017, author = {Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke and Mendel, Ralf-Rainer}, title = {Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis}, series = {Molybdenum and tungsten enzymes: biochemistry}, volume = {5}, journal = {Molybdenum and tungsten enzymes: biochemistry}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {978-1-78262-391-5}, doi = {10.1039/9781782623915}, pages = {100 -- 116}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is highly conserved among all kingdoms of life. In all molybdoenzymes with the exception of nitrogenase, the molybdenum atom is coordinated to a dithiolene group present in the pterin-based 6-alkyl side chain of molybdopterin (MPT). In general, the biosynthesis of Moco can be divided into three steps in eukaryotes, and four steps in bacteria and archaea: (i) the starting point is the formation of the cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP) from 5′GTP, (ii) in the second step the two sulfur molecules are inserted into cPMP leading to the formation of MPT, (iii) in the third step the molybdenum atom is inserted into molybdopterin to form Moco and (iv) additional modification of Moco occurs in bacteria and archaea with the attachment of a nucleotide (CMP or GMP) to the phosphate group of MPT, forming the dinucleotide variants of Moco. This review will focus on the biosynthesis of Moco in bacteria, humans and plants.}, language = {en} } @article{LeimkuehlerLemaireIobbiNivol2017, author = {Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke and Lemaire, Olivier N. and Iobbi-Nivol, Chantal}, title = {Bacterial Molybdoenzymes}, series = {Molybdenum and tungsten enzymes : biochemistry}, volume = {5}, journal = {Molybdenum and tungsten enzymes : biochemistry}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {978-1-78262-391-5}, doi = {10.1039/9781782623915-00117}, pages = {117 -- 142}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The biogenesis of molybdoenzymes is a cytoplasmic event requiring both the folded apoenzymes and the matured molybdenum cofactor. The structure and the complexity of the molybdenum cofactor varies in each molybdoenzyme family and consequently different accessory proteins are required for the maturation of the respective enzymes. Thus, for enzymes of both the DMSO reductase and xanthine oxidase families, specific chaperones exist which are dedicated to increase the stability and the folding of specific members of each family. In this review, we describe the role of these chaperones for molybdoenzyme maturation. We present a model which describes step by step the mechanism of the maturation of representative molybdoenzymes from each family.}, language = {en} } @misc{LeimkuehlerBuehningBeilschmidt2017, author = {Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke and B{\"u}hning, Martin and Beilschmidt, Lena}, title = {Shared sulfur mobilization routes for tRNA thiolation and molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes}, series = {Biomolecules}, volume = {7}, journal = {Biomolecules}, number = {1}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2218-273X}, doi = {10.3390/biom7010005}, pages = {20}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Modifications of transfer RNA (tRNA) have been shown to play critical roles in the biogenesis, metabolism, structural stability and function of RNA molecules, and the specific modifications of nucleobases with sulfur atoms in tRNA are present in pro- and eukaryotes. Here, especially the thiomodifications xm(5)s(2)U at the wobble position 34 in tRNAs for Lys, Gln and Glu, were suggested to have an important role during the translation process by ensuring accurate deciphering of the genetic code and by stabilization of the tRNA structure. The trafficking and delivery of sulfur nucleosides is a complex process carried out by sulfur relay systems involving numerous proteins, which not only deliver sulfur to the specific tRNAs but also to other sulfur-containing molecules including iron-sulfur clusters, thiamin, biotin, lipoic acid and molybdopterin (MPT). Among the biosynthesis of these sulfur-containing molecules, the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) and the synthesis of thio-modified tRNAs in particular show a surprising link by sharing protein components for sulfur mobilization in pro- and eukaryotes.}, language = {en} } @article{LehmannFlorisWoiteketal.2017, author = {Lehmann, Andreas and Floris, Jo{\"e}l and Woitek, Ulrich and Ruehli, Frank J. and Staub, Kaspar}, title = {Temporal trends, regional variation and socio-economic differences in height, BMI and body proportions among German conscripts, 1956-2010}, series = {Public Health Nutrition}, volume = {20}, journal = {Public Health Nutrition}, number = {3}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1368-9800}, doi = {10.1017/S1368980016002408}, pages = {391 -- 403}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Objective: We analyse temporal trends and regional variation among the most recent available anthropometric data from German conscription in the years 2008-2010 and their historical contextualization since 1956. Design/setting/subjects: The overall sample included German conscripts (N 13 857 313) from 1956 to 2010. Results: German conscripts changed from growing in height to growing in breadth. Over the analysed 54 years, average height of 19-year-old conscripts increased by 6.5 cm from 173.5 cm in 1956 (birth year 1937) to 180.0 cm in 2010 (birth year 1991). This increase plateaued since the 1990s (1970s birth years). The increase in average weight, however, did not lessen during the last two decades but increased in two steps: at the end of the 1980s and after 1999. The weight and BMI distributions became increasingly right-skewed, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 11.6 \% and 2.1 \% in 1984 to 19.9 \% and 8.5 \% in 2010, respectively. The north-south gradient in height (north = taller) persisted during our observations. Height and weight of conscripts from East Germany matched the German average between the early 1990s and 2009. Between the 1980s and the early 1990s, the average chest circumference increased, the average difference between chest circumference when inhaling and exhaling decreased, as did leg length relative to trunk length. Conclusions: Measuring anthropometric data for military conscripts yielded year-by-year monitoring of the health status of young men at a proscribed age. Such findings contribute to a more precise identification of groups at risk and thus help with further studies and to target interventions.}, language = {en} } @article{LecourieuxKappelPierietal.2017, author = {Lecourieux, Fatma and Kappel, Christian and Pieri, Philippe and Charon, Justine and Pillet, Jeremy and Hilbert, Ghislaine and Renaud, Christel and Gomes, Eric and Delrot, Serge and Lecourieux, David}, title = {Dissecting the Biochemical and Transcriptomic Effects of a Locally Applied Heat Treatment on Developing Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Berries}, series = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-462X}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2017.00053}, pages = {23}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Reproductive development of grapevine and berry composition are both strongly influenced by temperature. To date, the molecular mechanisms involved in grapevine berries response to high temperatures are poorly understood. Unlike recent data that addressed the effects on berry development of elevated temperatures applied at the whole plant level, the present work particularly focuses on the fruit responses triggered by direct exposure to heat treatment (HT). In the context of climate change, this work focusing on temperature effect at the microclimate level is of particular interest as it can help to better understand the consequences of leaf removal (a common viticultural practice) on berry development. HT (+8 degrees C) was locally applied to clusters from Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings at three different developmental stages (middle green, veraison and middle ripening). Samples were collected 1, 7, and 14 days after treatment and used for metabolic and transcriptomic analyses. The results showed dramatic and specific biochemical and transcriptomic changes in heat exposed berries, depending on the developmental stage and the stress duration. When applied at the herbaceous stage, HT delayed the onset of veraison. Heating also strongly altered the berry concentration of amino acids and organic acids (e.g., phenylalanine, raminobutyric acid and malate) and decreased the anthocyanin content at maturity. These physiological alterations could be partly explained by the deep remodeling of transcriptome in heated berries. More than 7000 genes were deregulated in at least one of the nine experimental conditions. The most affected processes belong to the categories "stress responses," protein metabolism" and "secondary metabolism," highlighting the intrinsic capacity of grape berries to perceive HT and to build adaptive responses. Additionally, important changes in processes related to "transport," "hormone" and "cell wall" might contribute to the postponing of veraison. Finally, opposite effects depending on heating duration were observed for genes encoding enzymes of the general phenylpropanoid pathway, suggesting that the HI induced decrease in anthocyanin content may result from a combination of transcript abundance and product degradation.}, language = {en} } @misc{LauxDocoslisWengeretal.2017, author = {Laux, Eva-Maria and Docoslis, A. and Wenger, C. and Bier, Frank Fabian and H{\"o}lzel, Ralph}, title = {Combination of dielectrophoresis and SERS for bacteria detection and characterization}, series = {European biophysics journal : with biophysics letters ; an international journal of biophysics}, volume = {46}, journal = {European biophysics journal : with biophysics letters ; an international journal of biophysics}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0175-7571}, pages = {S331 -- S331}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{LahLoeberHsiangetal.2017, author = {Lah, Ljerka and L{\"o}ber, Ulrike and Hsiang, Tom and Hartmann, Stefanie}, title = {A genomic comparison of putative pathogenicity-related gene families in five members of the Ophiostomatales with different lifestyles}, series = {Fungal biology}, volume = {121}, journal = {Fungal biology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1878-6146}, doi = {10.1016/j.funbio.2016.12.002}, pages = {234 -- 252}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Ophiostomatoid fungi are vectored by their bark-beetle associates and colonize different host tree species. To survive and proliferate in the host, they have evolved mechanisms for detoxification and elimination of host defence compounds, efficient nutrient sequestration, and, in pathogenic species, virulence towards plants. Here, we assembled a draft genome of the spruce pathogen Ophiostoma bicolor. For our comparative and phylogenetic analyses, we mined the genomes of closely related species (Ophiostoma piceae, Ophiostoma ulmi, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, and Grosmannia clavigera). Our aim was to acquire a genomic and evolutionary perspective of gene families important in host colonization. Genome comparisons showed that both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes in our assembly were largely complete. Our O. bicolor 25.3 Mbp draft genome had 10 018 predicted genes, 6041 proteins with gene ontology (GO) annotation, 269 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), 559 peptidases and inhibitors, and 1373 genes likely involved in pathogen-host interactions. Phylogenetic analyses of selected protein families revealed core sets of cytochrome P450 genes, ABC transporters and backbone genes involved in secondary metabolite (SM) biosynthesis (polyketide synthases (PKS) and non-ribosomal synthases), and species-specific gene losses and duplications. Phylogenetic analyses of protein families of interest provided insight into evolutionary adaptations to host biochemistry in ophiostomatoid fungi.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Lachmann2017, author = {Lachmann, Sabrina C.}, title = {Ecophysiology matters: Inorganic carbon acquisition in green microalgae related to different nutrient conditions}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {178}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kubsch2017, author = {Kubsch, Bastian}, title = {Phase-specific fusion between biomembranes using SNARE mimetics}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {95}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kruse2017, author = {Kruse, Stefan}, title = {Larix treeline dynamics in northern Siberia inferred from population genetics and individual-based modelling}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {181}, year = {2017}, language = {en} }