@article{DeutschmannRoggenbuckSchieracketal.2020,
  author    = {Deutschmann, Claudia and Roggenbuck, Dirk and Schierack, Peter and R{\"o}diger, Stefan},
  title     = {Autoantibody testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-a case in which the solid phase decides on success and failure},
  series = {Heliyon},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Heliyon},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {London [u.a.]},
  issn      = {2405-8440},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03270},
  pages     = {6},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Background: The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is an indispensable tool for clinical diagnostics to identify or differentiate diseases such as autoimmune illnesses, but also to monitor their progression or control the efficacy of drugs. One use case of ELISA is to differentiate between different states (e.g. healthy vs. diseased). Another goal is to quantitatively assess the biomarker in question, like autoantibodies. Thus, the ELISA technology is used for the discovery and verification of new autoantibodies, too. Of key interest, however, is the development of immunoassays for the sensitive and specific detection of such biomarkers at early disease stages. Therefore, users have to deal with many parameters, such as buffer systems or antigen-autoantibody interactions, to successfully establish an ELISA. Often, fine-tuning like testing of several blocking substances is performed to yield high signal-to-noise ratios. <br /> Methods: We developed an ELISA to detect IgA and IgG autoantibodies against chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), a newly identified autoantigen in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in the serum of control and disease groups (n = 23, respectively). Microwell plates with different surface modifications (PolySorp and MaxiSorp coating) were tested to detect reproducibility problems. <br /> Results: We found a significant impact of the surface properties of the microwell plates. IgA antibody reactivity was significantly lower, since it was in the range of background noise, when measured on MaxiSorp coated plates (p < 0.0001). The IgG antibody reactivity did not differ on the diverse plates, but the plate surface had a significant influence on the test result (p = 0.0005). <br /> Conclusion: With this report, we want to draw readers' attention to the properties of solid phases and their effects on the detection of autoantibodies by ELISA. We want to sensitize the reader to the fact that the choice of the wrong plate can lead to a false negative test result, which in turn has serious consequences for the discovery of autoantibodies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchlosshauerCavakZemellaetal.2022,
  author    = {Schloßhauer, Jeffrey and Cavak, Ni{\~n}o and Zemella, Anne and Thoring, Lena and Kubick, Stefan},
  title     = {Cell engineering and cultivation of chinese hamster ovary cells for the development of orthogonal eukaryotic cell-free translation systems},
  series = {Frontiers in molecular biosciences},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Frontiers in molecular biosciences},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {2296-889X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fmolb.2022.832379},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The investigation of protein structures, functions and interactions often requires modifications to adapt protein properties to the specific application. Among many possible methods to equip proteins with new chemical groups, the utilization of orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pairs enables the site-specific incorporation of non-canonical amino acids at defined positions in the protein. The open nature of cell-free protein synthesis reactions provides an optimal environment, as the orthogonal components do not need to be transported across the cell membrane and the impact on cell viability is negligible. In the present work, it was shown that the expression of orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in CHO cells prior to cell disruption enhanced the modification of the pharmaceutically relevant adenosine A2a receptor. For this purpose, in complement to transient transfection of CHO cells, an approach based on CRISPR/Cas9 technology was selected to generate a translationally active cell lysate harboring endogenous orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Ranisch2021,
  author    = {Ranisch, Robert},
  title     = {Consultation with Doctor Twitter},
  series = {The American journal of bioethics : ajob},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {The American journal of bioethics : ajob},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Philadelphia, Pa.},
  issn      = {1526-5161},
  doi       = {10.1080/15265161.2021.1926595},
  pages     = {24 -- 25},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HenkelKlauderStatzetal.2021,
  author    = {Henkel, Janin and Klauder, Julia and Statz, Meike and Wohlenberg, Anne-Sophie and Kuipers, Sonja and Vahrenbrink, Madita and P{\"u}schel, Gerhard Paul},
  title     = {Enhanced Palmitate-Induced Interleukin-8 Formation in Human Macrophages by Insulin or Prostaglandin E-2},
  series = {Biomedicines},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Biomedicines},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2227-9059},
  doi       = {10.3390/biomedicines9050449},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Macrophages in pathologically expanded dysfunctional white adipose tissue are exposed to a mix of potential modulators of inflammatory response, including fatty acids released from insulin-resistant adipocytes, increased levels of insulin produced to compensate insulin resistance, and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) released from activated macrophages. The current study addressed the question of how palmitate might interact with insulin or PGE(2) to induce the formation of the chemotactic pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8). Human THP-1 cells were differentiated into macrophages. In these macrophages, palmitate induced IL-8 formation. Insulin enhanced the induction of IL-8 formation by palmitate as well as the palmitate-dependent stimulation of PGE(2) synthesis. PGE(2) in turn elicited IL-8 formation on its own and enhanced the induction of IL-8 release by palmitate, most likely by activating the EP4 receptor. Since IL-8 causes insulin resistance and fosters inflammation, the increase in palmitate-induced IL-8 formation that is caused by hyperinsulinemia and locally produced PGE(2) in chronically inflamed adipose tissue might favor disease progression in a vicious feed-forward cycle.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeWuertzKozakKuehletal.2021,
  author    = {He, Yangyang and W{\"u}rtz-Kozak, Karin and K{\"u}hl, Linn Kristina and Wippert, Pia-Maria},
  title     = {Extracellular vesicles},
  series = {International journal of molecular sciences},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {International journal of molecular sciences},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Molecular Diversity Preservation International},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1422-0067},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijms22115846},
  pages     = {15},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and damage to the bone tissue's microarchitecture, leading to increased fracture risk. Several studies have provided evidence for associations between psychosocial stress and osteoporosis through various pathways, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, the sympathetic nervous system, and other endocrine factors. As psychosocial stress provokes oxidative cellular stress with consequences for mitochondrial function and cell signaling (e.g., gene expression, inflammation), it is of interest whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) may be a relevant biomarker in this context or act by transporting substances. EVs are intercellular communicators, transfer substances encapsulated in them, modify the phenotype and function of target cells, mediate cell-cell communication, and, therefore, have critical applications in disease progression and clinical diagnosis and therapy. This review summarizes the characteristics of EVs, their role in stress and osteoporosis, and their benefit as biological markers. We demonstrate that EVs are potential mediators of psychosocial stress and osteoporosis and may be beneficial in innovative research settings.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EnssleWeylandt2021,
  author    = {Enssle, J{\"o}rg and Weylandt, Karsten-Henrich},
  title     = {Secure and optimized detection of PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype by an improved PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method},
  series = {BioTechniques : the international journal of life science methods},
  volume    = {70},
  journal   = {BioTechniques : the international journal of life science methods},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Future Science Ltd.},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0736-6205},
  doi       = {10.2144/btn-2020-0163},
  pages     = {345 -- 349},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The PNPLA3 reference single-nucleotide polymorphism rs738409 has been identified as a predisposing factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. A simple method based on PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis had been published to detect the nonpathogenic allele PNPLA3 rs738409 variant. The presence of the pathogenic variant was deduced by the indigestibility of the corresponding PCR product with BtsCI recognizing the nonpathogenic allele. However, one cannot exclude that an enzymatic reaction does not occur for other, more trivial, reasons. For safe and secure detection of the pathogenic PNPLA3 rs738409, we have further developed the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method by adding a second restriction enzyme digest, clearly identifying the correct PNPLA3 alleles and in particular the pathogenic variant. <br /> METHOD SUMMARY <br /> The method presented here represents an improved genetic diagnosis of the PNPLA3 rs738409 alleles based on conventional and inexpensive molecular biological methods. We used methodology based on PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphisms and clearly identified both described alleles by the use of two restriction enzymes. Digestion of individuals' specific PNPLA3 PCR fragments with both enzymes in independent reactions clearly showed the PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DordevicHoelzerRussoetal.2022,
  author    = {Dordevic, Milos and H{\"o}lzer, Sonja and Russo, Augusta and Garc{\´i}a Alanis, Jos{\´e} Carlos and M{\"u}ller, Notger Germar},
  title     = {The Role of the Precuneus in Human Spatial Updating in a Real Environment Setting—A cTBS Study},
  series = {Life},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Life},
  edition   = {8},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel, Schweiz},
  issn      = {2075-1729},
  doi       = {10.3390/life12081239},
  pages     = {1 -- 13},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {As we move through an environment, we update positions of our body relative to other objects, even when some objects temporarily or permanently leave our field of view—this ability is termed egocentric spatial updating and plays an important role in everyday life. Still, our knowledge about its representation in the brain is still scarce, with previous studies using virtual movements in virtual environments or patients with brain lesions suggesting that the precuneus might play an important role. However, whether this assumption is also true when healthy humans move in real environments where full body-based cues are available in addition to the visual cues typically used in many VR studies is unclear. Therefore, in this study we investigated the role of the precuneus in egocentric spatial updating in a real environment setting in 20 healthy young participants who underwent two conditions in a cross-over design: (a) stimulation, achieved through applying continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) to inhibit the precuneus and (b) sham condition (activated coil turned upside down). In both conditions, participants had to walk back with blindfolded eyes to objects they had previously memorized while walking with open eyes. Simplified trials (without spatial updating) were used as control condition, to make sure the participants were not affected by factors such as walking blindfolded, vestibular or working memory deficits. A significant interaction was found, with participants performing better in the sham condition compared to real stimulation, showing smaller errors both in distance and angle. The results of our study reveal evidence of an important role of the precuneus in a real-environment egocentric spatial updating; studies on larger samples are necessary to confirm and further investigate this finding.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{DordevicHoelzerRussoetal.2022,
  author    = {Dordevic, Milos and H{\"o}lzer, Sonja and Russo, Augusta and Garc{\´i}a Alanis, Jos{\´e} Carlos and M{\"u}ller, Notger Germar},
  title     = {The Role of the Precuneus in Human Spatial Updating in a Real Environment Setting—A cTBS Study},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Gesundheitswissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Gesundheitswissenschaftliche Reihe},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-56554},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-565542},
  pages     = {1 -- 13},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {As we move through an environment, we update positions of our body relative to other objects, even when some objects temporarily or permanently leave our field of view—this ability is termed egocentric spatial updating and plays an important role in everyday life. Still, our knowledge about its representation in the brain is still scarce, with previous studies using virtual movements in virtual environments or patients with brain lesions suggesting that the precuneus might play an important role. However, whether this assumption is also true when healthy humans move in real environments where full body-based cues are available in addition to the visual cues typically used in many VR studies is unclear. Therefore, in this study we investigated the role of the precuneus in egocentric spatial updating in a real environment setting in 20 healthy young participants who underwent two conditions in a cross-over design: (a) stimulation, achieved through applying continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) to inhibit the precuneus and (b) sham condition (activated coil turned upside down). In both conditions, participants had to walk back with blindfolded eyes to objects they had previously memorized while walking with open eyes. Simplified trials (without spatial updating) were used as control condition, to make sure the participants were not affected by factors such as walking blindfolded, vestibular or working memory deficits. A significant interaction was found, with participants performing better in the sham condition compared to real stimulation, showing smaller errors both in distance and angle. The results of our study reveal evidence of an important role of the precuneus in a real-environment egocentric spatial updating; studies on larger samples are necessary to confirm and further investigate this finding.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WitteLinnemannstoensHonemannCapitoetal.2021,
  author    = {Witte, Leonie and Linnemannstoens, Karen and Honemann-Capito, Mona and Groß, Julia Christina},
  title     = {Visualization and quantitation of Wg trafficking in the Drosophila wing imaginal epithelium},
  series = {Bio-protocol},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Bio-protocol},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {bio-protocol.org},
  address   = {Sunnyvale, CA},
  issn      = {2331-8325},
  doi       = {10.21769/BioProtoc.4040},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Secretory Wnt trafficking can be studied in the polarized epithelial monolayer of Drosophila wing imaginal discs (WID). In this tissue, Wg (Drosophila Wnt-I) is presented on the apical surface of its source cells before being internalized into the endosomal pathway. Long-range Wg secretion and spread depend on secondary secretion from endosomal compartments, but the exact post-endocytic fate of Wg is poorly understood. Here, we summarize and present three protocols for the immunofluorescencebased visualization and quantitation of different pools of intracellular and extracellular Wg in WID: (1) steady-state extracellular Wg; (2) dynamic Wg trafficking inside endosomal compartments; and (3) dynamic Wg release to the cell surface. Using a genetic driver system for gene manipulation specifically at the posterior part of the WID (EnGal4) provides a robust internal control that allows for direct comparison of signal intensities of control and manipulated compartments of the same WID. Therefore, it also circumvents the high degree of staining variability usually associated with whole-tissue samples. In combination with the genetic manipulation of Wg pathway components that is easily feasible in Drosophila, these methods provide a tool-set for the dissection of secretory Wg trafficking and can help us to understand how Wnt proteins travel along endosomal compartments for short-and long-range signal secretion.},
  language  = {en}
}