@misc{Metzler2020,
  author    = {Metzler, Ralf},
  title     = {Superstatistics and non-Gaussian diffusion},
  series = {The European physical journal special topics},
  volume    = {229},
  journal   = {The European physical journal special topics},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {1951-6355},
  doi       = {10.1140/epjst/e2020-900210-x},
  pages     = {711 -- 728},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Brownian motion and viscoelastic anomalous diffusion in homogeneous environments are intrinsically Gaussian processes. In a growing number of systems, however, non-Gaussian displacement distributions of these processes are being reported. The physical cause of the non-Gaussianity is typically seen in different forms of disorder. These include, for instance, imperfect "ensembles" of tracer particles, the presence of local variations of the tracer mobility in heteroegenous environments, or cases in which the speed or persistence of moving nematodes or cells are distributed. From a theoretical point of view stochastic descriptions based on distributed ("superstatistical") transport coefficients as well as time-dependent generalisations based on stochastic transport parameters with built-in finite correlation time are invoked. After a brief review of the history of Brownian motion and the famed Gaussian displacement distribution, we here provide a brief introduction to the phenomenon of non-Gaussianity and the stochastic modelling in terms of superstatistical and diffusing-diffusivity approaches.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{NorregaardMetzlerRitteretal.2017,
  author    = {Norregaard, Kamilla and Metzler, Ralf and Ritter, Christine M. and Berg-Sorensen, Kirstine and Oddershede, Lene Broeng},
  title     = {Manipulation and Motion of Organelles and Single Molecules in Living Cells},
  series = {Chemical reviews},
  volume    = {117},
  journal   = {Chemical reviews},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {American Chemical Society},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0009-2665},
  doi       = {10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00638},
  pages     = {4342 -- 4375},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {The biomolecule is among the most important building blocks of biological systems, and a full understanding of its function forms the scaffold for describing the mechanisms of higher order structures as organelles and cells. Force is a fundamental regulatory mechanism of biomolecular interactions driving many cellular processes. The forces on a molecular scale are exactly in the range that can be manipulated and probed with single molecule force spectroscopy. The natural environment of a biomolecule is inside a living cell, hence, this is the most relevant environment for probing their function. In vivo studies are, however, challenged by the complexity of the cell. In this review, we start with presenting relevant theoretical tools for analyzing single molecule data obtained in intracellular environments followed by a description of state-of-the art visualization techniques. The most commonly used force spectroscopy techniques, namely optical tweezers, magnetic tweezers, and atomic force microscopy, are described in detail, and their strength and limitations related to in vivo experiments are discussed. Finally, recent exciting discoveries within the field of in vivo manipulation and dynamics of single molecule and organelles are reviewed.},
  language  = {en}
}