@article{ZeiskeSandbergKurpiersetal.2022,
  author    = {Zeiske, Stefan and Sandberg, Oskar J. and Kurpiers, Jona and Shoaee, Safa and Meredith, Paul and Armin, Ardalan},
  title     = {Probing charge generation efficiency in thin-film solar cells by integral-mode transient charge extraction},
  series = {ACS photonics},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {ACS photonics},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {American Chemical Society},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {2330-4022},
  doi       = {10.1021/acsphotonics.1c01532},
  pages     = {1188 -- 1195},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The photogeneration of free charges in light-harvesting devices is a multistep process, which can be challenging to probe due to the complexity of contributing energetic states and the competitive character of different driving mechanisms. In this contribution, we advance a technique, integral-mode transient charge extraction (ITCE), to probe these processes in thin-film solar cells. ITCE combines capacitance measurements with the integral-mode time-of-flight method in the low intensity regime of sandwich-type thin-film devices and allows for the sensitive determination of photogenerated charge-carrier densities. We verify the theoretical framework of our method by drift-diffusion simulations and demonstrate the applicability of ITCE to organic and perovskite semiconductor-based thin-film solar cells. Furthermore, we examine the field dependence of charge generation efficiency and find our ITCE results to be in excellent agreement with those obtained via time-delayed collection field measurements conducted on the same devices.},
  language  = {en}
}