@article{FeryHellmuthKuegleretal.2007, author = {F{\´e}ry, Caroline and Hellmuth, Sam and K{\"u}gler, Frank and Mayer, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Phonology and intonation}, series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS}, journal = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS}, number = {7}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1614-4708}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-22217}, pages = {29 -- 53}, year = {2007}, abstract = {The encoding standards for phonology and intonation are designed to facilitate consistent annotation of the phonological and intonational aspects of information structure, in languages across a range of prosodic types. The guidelines are designed with the aim that a nonspecialist in phonology can both implement and interpret the resulting annotation.}, language = {en} } @article{FeryHerbst2004, author = {F{\´e}ry, Caroline and Herbst, Laura}, title = {German sentence accent revisited}, series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632}, journal = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632}, number = {1}, editor = {Ishihara, Shinichiro and Schmitz, Michaela and Schwarz, Anne}, issn = {1614-4708}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8273}, pages = {43 -- 75}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Results of a production experiment on the placement of sentence accent in German are reported. The hypothesis that German fulfills some of the most widely accepted rules of accent assignment— predicting focus domain integration—was only partly confirmed. Adjacency between argument and verb induces a single accent on the argument, as recognized in the literature, but interruption of this sequence by a modifier often induces remodeling of the accent pattern with a single accent on the modifier. The verb is rarely stressed. All models based on linear alignment or adjacency between elements belonging to a single accent domain fail to account for this result. A cyclic analysis of prosodic domain formation is proposed in an optimality-theoretic framework that can explain the accent pattern. Japanese wh-questions always exhibit focus intonation (FI). Furthermore, the domain of FI exhibits a correspondence to the wh-scope. I propose that this phonology-semantics correspondence is a result of the cyclic computation of FI, which is explained under the notion of Multiple Spell-Out in the recent Minimalist framework. The proposed analysis makes two predictions: (1) embedding of an FI into another is possible; (2) (overt) movement of a wh-phrase to a phase edge position causes a mismatch between FI and wh-scope. Both predictions are tested experimentally, and shown to be borne out.}, language = {en} } @misc{FeryKuegler2008, author = {F{\´e}ry, Caroline and K{\"u}gler, Frank}, title = {Pitch accent scaling on given, new and focused constituents in German}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-46091}, year = {2008}, abstract = {The influence of information structure on tonal scaling in German is examined experimentally. Eighteen speakers uttered a total of 2277 sentences of the same syntactic structure, but with a varying number of constituents, word order and focus-given structure. The quantified results for German support findings for other Germanic languages that the scaling of high tones, and thus the entire melodic pattern, is influenced by information structure. Narrow focus raised the high tones of pitch accents, while givenness lowered them in prenuclear position and canceled them out postnuclearly. The effects of focus and givenness are calculated against all-new sentences as a baseline, which we expected to be characterized by downstep, a significantly lower scaling of high tones as compared to declination. The results further show that information structure alone cannot account for all variations. We therefore assume that dissimilatory tonal effects play a crucial role in the tonal scaling of German. The effects consist of final f0 drop, a steep fall from a raised high tone to the bottom line of the speaker, H-raising before a low tone, and H-lowering before a raised high tone. No correlation between word order and tone scaling could be established. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{FoellnerLuther2017, author = {F{\"o}llner, Ursula and Luther, Saskia}, title = {Niederdeutsch im Bildungsbereich}, series = {Region - Sprache - Literatur}, journal = {Region - Sprache - Literatur}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-403080}, pages = {183 -- 196}, year = {2017}, language = {de} } @article{GagarinaPosseDuesterhoeftetal.2014, author = {Gagarina, Natalʹja Vladimirovna and Posse, Dorothea and D{\"u}sterh{\"o}ft, Stefanie and Topaj, Nathalie and Acikg{\"o}z, Duygu}, title = {Sprachf{\"o}rderung bei Mehrsprachigkeit : erste Ergebnisse der BIVEM-Studie zur Wirksamkeit von Sprachf{\"o}rderung bei j{\"u}ngeren mehrsprachigen Kindern}, series = {Spektrum Patholinguistik}, journal = {Spektrum Patholinguistik}, number = {7}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1866-9085}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-71518}, pages = {139 -- 148}, year = {2014}, abstract = {1 Einleitung 2 Methodik 3 Ergebnisse 4 Diskussion 5 Fazit 6 Literatur}, language = {de} } @misc{Gamper2019, author = {Gamper, Jana}, title = {The role of case and animacy in biand monolingual children's sentence interpretation in German}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Philosophische Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Philosophische Reihe}, number = {163}, issn = {1866-8380}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43489}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434898}, pages = {24}, year = {2019}, abstract = {German-speaking children appear to have a strong N1-bias when interpreting non-canonical OVSsentences. During sentence interpretation, especially unambiguous accusative and dative case markers (den 'the-ACC' and dem 'the-DAT') weaken the N1-bias and help building up sentence interpretation strategies on the basis of morphological cues. Still, the N1-bias prevails beyond the age of five (Brandt et al. 2016, Cristante 2016, Dittmar et al. 2008) and remains until puberty (Lidzba et al. 2013). This paper investigates whether prototypical case-animacy coalitions (denACC + N INANIMATE and demDAT + N ANIMATE ) strengthen a morphologically based sentence interpretation strategy in German. The experiment discussed in this paper tests for effects of such case-animacy coalitions in mono- and bilingual primary school children. 20 German monolinguals, 12 Dutch-German and 17 Russian-German bilinguals with a mean age of 9;6 were tested in a forced-choice off-line experiment. Results indicate that case-animacy coalitions weaken the N1-bias in OVS-conditions in German monolinguals and Dutch-German bilinguals, while no effects were found for Russian-German bilinguals. Together with an analysis of individual differences, these group-specific effects are discussed in terms of a developmental approach that represents a gradual cue strength adjustment process in mono- and bilingual children.}, language = {en} } @article{Gamper2019, author = {Gamper, Jana}, title = {The role of case and animacy in biand monolingual children's sentence interpretation in German}, series = {Open Linguistics}, volume = {5}, journal = {Open Linguistics}, number = {1}, publisher = {de Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2300-9969}, doi = {10.1515/opli-2019-0001}, pages = {24}, year = {2019}, abstract = {German-speaking children appear to have a strong N1-bias when interpreting non-canonical OVSsentences. During sentence interpretation, especially unambiguous accusative and dative case markers (den 'the-ACC' and dem 'the-DAT') weaken the N1-bias and help building up sentence interpretation strategies on the basis of morphological cues. Still, the N1-bias prevails beyond the age of five (Brandt et al. 2016, Cristante 2016, Dittmar et al. 2008) and remains until puberty (Lidzba et al. 2013). This paper investigates whether prototypical case-animacy coalitions (denACC + N INANIMATE and demDAT + N ANIMATE ) strengthen a morphologically based sentence interpretation strategy in German. The experiment discussed in this paper tests for effects of such case-animacy coalitions in mono- and bilingual primary school children. 20 German monolinguals, 12 Dutch-German and 17 Russian-German bilinguals with a mean age of 9;6 were tested in a forced-choice off-line experiment. Results indicate that case-animacy coalitions weaken the N1-bias in OVS-conditions in German monolinguals and Dutch-German bilinguals, while no effects were found for Russian-German bilinguals. Together with an analysis of individual differences, these group-specific effects are discussed in terms of a developmental approach that represents a gradual cue strength adjustment process in mono- and bilingual children.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Garcia2017, author = {Garcia, Francisca}, title = {Mundos comunes}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-400582}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {270}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Vor dem Hintergrund unterschiedlicher Bewegungen und k{\"u}nstlerischer Dialoge in den siebziger und achtziger Jahren, stellt ihre Doktorarbeit den Begriff des „Lateinamerikanischen" auf dem Gebiet der Kunst und Kultur in Frage. {\"U}ber eine „sammelnde Reise" von Spuren, Zeichen und F{\"a}hrten durch europ{\"a}ische St{\"a}dte, analysiert die Arbeit die Begriffe Ort, Gemeinschaft und kulturelles Ged{\"a}chtnis, um eine neue Form des lateinamerikanischen Kontinents bilden zu k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {es} } @misc{GarciaRoeserHoehle2019, author = {Garcia, Rowena and Roeser, Jens and H{\"o}hle, Barbara}, title = {Children's online use of word order and morphosyntactic markers in Tagalog thematic role assignment}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {673}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-46967}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469678}, pages = {533 -- 555}, year = {2019}, abstract = {We investigated whether Tagalog-speaking children incrementally interpret the first noun as the agent, even if verbal and nominal markers for assigning thematic roles are given early in Tagalog sentences. We asked five- and seven-year-old children and adult controls to select which of two pictures of reversible actions matched the sentence they heard, while their looks to the pictures were tracked. Accuracy and eye-tracking data showed that agent-initial sentences were easier to comprehend than patient-initial sentences, but the effect of word order was modulated by voice. Moreover, our eye-tracking data provided evidence that, by the first noun phrase, seven-year-old children looked more to the target in the agent-initial compared to the patient-initial conditions, but this word order advantage was no longer observed by the second noun phrase. The findings support language processing and acquisition models which emphasize the role of frequency in developing heuristic strategies (e.g., Chang, Dell, \& Bock, 2006).}, language = {en} } @misc{GarciaRoeserHoehle2018, author = {Garcia, Rowena and Roeser, Jens and H{\"o}hle, Barbara}, title = {Thematic role assignment in the L1 acquisition of Tagalog}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {491}, issn = {1866-8364}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420598}, pages = {28}, year = {2018}, abstract = {It is a common finding across languages that young children have problems in understanding patient-initial sentences. We used Tagalog, a verb-initial language with a reliable voice-marking system and highly frequent patient voice constructions, to test the predictions of several accounts that have been proposed to explain this difficulty: the frequency account, the Competition Model, and the incremental processing account. Study 1 presents an analysis of Tagalog child-directed speech, which showed that the dominant argument order is agent-before-patient and that morphosyntactic markers are highly valid cues to thematic role assignment. In Study 2, we used a combined self-paced listening and picture verification task to test how Tagalog-speaking adults and 5- and 7-year-old children process reversible transitive sentences. Results showed that adults performed well in all conditions, while children's accuracy and listening times for the first noun phrase indicated more difficulty in interpreting patient-initial sentences in the agent voice compared to the patient voice. The patient voice advantage is partly explained by both the frequency account and incremental processing account.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Garoufi2013, author = {Garoufi, Konstantina}, title = {Interactive generation of effective discourse in situated context : a planning-based approach}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-69108}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2013}, abstract = {As our modern-built structures are becoming increasingly complex, carrying out basic tasks such as identifying points or objects of interest in our surroundings can consume considerable time and cognitive resources. In this thesis, we present a computational approach to converting contextual information about a person's physical environment into natural language, with the aim of helping this person identify given task-related entities in their environment. Using efficient methods from automated planning - the field of artificial intelligence concerned with finding courses of action that can achieve a goal -, we generate discourse that interactively guides a hearer through completing their task. Our approach addresses the challenges of controlling, adapting to, and monitoring the situated context. To this end, we develop a natural language generation system that plans how to manipulate the non-linguistic context of a scene in order to make it more favorable for references to task-related objects. This strategy distributes a hearer's cognitive load of interpreting a reference over multiple utterances rather than one long referring expression. Further, to optimize the system's linguistic choices in a given context, we learn how to distinguish speaker behavior according to its helpfulness to hearers in a certain situation, and we model the behavior of human speakers that has been proven helpful. The resulting system combines symbolic with statistical reasoning, and tackles the problem of making non-trivial referential choices in rich context. Finally, we complement our approach with a mechanism for preventing potential misunderstandings after a reference has been generated. Employing remote eye-tracking technology, we monitor the hearer's gaze and find that it provides a reliable index of online referential understanding, even in dynamically changing scenes. We thus present a system that exploits hearer gaze to generate rapid feedback on a per-utterance basis, further enhancing its effectiveness. Though we evaluate our approach in virtual environments, the efficiency of our planning-based model suggests that this work could be a step towards effective conversational human-computer interaction situated in the real world.}, language = {en} } @article{GenzelKuegler2011, author = {Genzel, Susanne and K{\"u}gler, Frank}, title = {How to elicit semi-spontaneous focus realizations with specific tonal patterns}, series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632}, journal = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632}, number = {13}, issn = {1614-4708}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-49749}, pages = {77 -- 102}, year = {2011}, abstract = {This article presents a situation description production experiment investigating the interaction between syntax and information structure in Akan, a tone language that belongs to the Kwa branch of the Niger- Congo family spoken in Ghana. Information structure was elicited via context questions that put the object in narrow informational focus or narrow corrective focus while controlling for the tonal structure of the target word. Contrary to the prediction that corrective focus is marked by fronting and morphological marking of the focused constituent the data suggest that the in-situ strategy is the preferred one.}, language = {en} } @article{GerstenbergSkupienDekens2021, author = {Gerstenberg, Annette and Skupien-Dekens, Carine}, title = {A grammar of authority?}, series = {Journal of historical pragmatics}, volume = {22}, journal = {Journal of historical pragmatics}, number = {1}, publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1566-5852}, doi = {10.1075/jhp.17006.ger}, pages = {1 -- 33}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Directive Speech Acts (dsas) are a major feature of historical pragmatics, specifically in research on historical (im)politeness. However, for Classical French, there is a lack of research on related phenomena. In our contribution, we present two recently constructed corpora covering the period of Classical French, sermo and apwcf. We present these corpora in terms of their genre characteristics on a communicative-functional and socio-pragmatic level. Based on the observation that, both in sermo and apwcf, dsas frequently occur together with terms of address, we analyse and manually code a sample based on this co-occurrence, and we compare the results with regard to special features in the individual corpora. The emerging patterns show a clear correspondence between socio-pragmatic factors and the linguistic means used to realise dsas. We propose that these results can be interpreted as signs of an underlying "grammar of authority".}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Gerth2015, author = {Gerth, Sabrina}, title = {Memory limitations in sentence comprehension}, isbn = {978-3-86956-321-3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-71554}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xviii, 157}, year = {2015}, abstract = {This dissertation addresses the question of how linguistic structures can be represented in working memory. We propose a memory-based computational model that derives offline and online complexity profiles in terms of a top-down parser for minimalist grammars (Stabler, 2011). The complexity metric reflects the amount of time an item is stored in memory. The presented architecture links grammatical representations stored in memory directly to the cognitive behavior by deriving predictions about sentence processing difficulty. Results from five different sentence comprehension experiments were used to evaluate the model's assumptions about memory limitations. The predictions of the complexity metric were compared to the locality (integration and storage) cost metric of Dependency Locality Theory (Gibson, 2000). Both metrics make comparable offline and online predictions for four of the five phenomena. The key difference between the two metrics is that the proposed complexity metric accounts for the structural complexity of intervening material. In contrast, DLT's integration cost metric considers the number of discourse referents, not the syntactic structural complexity. We conclude that the syntactic analysis plays a significant role in memory requirements of parsing. An incremental top-down parser based on a grammar formalism easily computes offline and online complexity profiles, which can be used to derive predictions about sentence processing difficulty.}, language = {en} } @misc{GibbonSelting1983, author = {Gibbon, Dafydd and Selting, Margret}, title = {Intonation und die Strukturierung eines Diskurses}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41912}, year = {1983}, abstract = {Inhalt: 1. {\"U}berblick 2. Beschreibungskategorien f{\"u}r Intonation 3. Transkriptionskonventionen 4. Intonationsverl{\"a}ufe 5. Kontextbeschreibung 6. Semantische Diskursentwicklung 7. Zur Wechselwirkung von Intonation und Diskursverlauf}, language = {de} } @article{Giel2015, author = {Giel, Barbara}, title = {Sprachtherapeutische F{\"o}rderung bei Kindern mit Down-Syndrom (SF-KiDS)}, series = {Spektrum Patholinguistik (Band 8) - Schwerpunktthema: Besonders behandeln? : Sprachtherapie im Rahmen prim{\"a}rer St{\"o}rungsbilder}, journal = {Spektrum Patholinguistik (Band 8) - Schwerpunktthema: Besonders behandeln? : Sprachtherapie im Rahmen prim{\"a}rer St{\"o}rungsbilder}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-79731}, pages = {41 -- 56}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @article{Giers2017, author = {Giers, Ursula}, title = {Sprache und Region in der Sekundarstufe I}, series = {Region - Sprache - Literatur}, journal = {Region - Sprache - Literatur}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-403024}, pages = {77 -- 104}, year = {2017}, language = {de} } @article{Giers2009, author = {Giers, Ursula}, title = {Entwicklung der Rechtschreibnormen}, series = {Sprachwandel und Entwicklungstendenzen als Themen im Deutschunterricht: fachliche Grundlagen - Unterrichtsanregungen - Unterrichtsmaterialien}, journal = {Sprachwandel und Entwicklungstendenzen als Themen im Deutschunterricht: fachliche Grundlagen - Unterrichtsanregungen - Unterrichtsmaterialien}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-003-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-37046}, pages = {47 -- 64}, year = {2009}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Glikman2009, author = {Glikman, Julie}, title = {Parataxe et subordination en ancien fran{\c{c}}ais}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-56784}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Parataxe et subordination, ces deux termes, parfois antith{\´e}tiques, sont probl{\´e}matiques du fait m{\^e}me de leur extr{\^e}me polys{\´e}mie. C'est de cette ambigu{\"i}t{\´e} que na{\^i}t l'objet d'{\´e}tude, les constructions asynd{\´e}tiques, au statut incertain entre int{\´e}gration et ind{\´e}pendance. Dans cette th{\`e}se, nous proposons de r{\´e}interroger ce ph{\´e}nom{\`e}ne ancien et d{\´e}j{\`a} bien connu en ancien fran{\c{c}}ais, en le mettant en regard des remises en question et avanc{\´e}es des recherches actuelles sur le sujet. Pour cela, il nous faut tout d'abord poser une d{\´e}finition de ce qu'est la subordination. Nous montrons ensuite que les constructions asynd{\´e}tiques sont bien des cas de subordination. Cette th{\`e}se {\´e}tablit enfin que ce ph{\´e}nom{\`e}ne constitue, en ancien fran{\c{c}}ais du moins, une variante libre en syntaxe. Sa r{\´e}partition et sa pr{\´e}sence dans les textes a cependant tr{\`e}s t{\^o}t diminu{\´e}, mais l'existence de ph{\´e}nom{\`e}nes parall{\`e}les en fran{\c{c}}ais moderne, tout comme d'autres indices, nous permettent de faire l'hypoth{\`e}se que cette {\´e}volution tient d'une alternance oral / {\´e}crit. Cette th{\`e}se montre ainsi que les probl{\`e}mes, comme les enjeux, ne diff{\`e}rent finalement pas, quel que soit l'{\´e}tat de langue et que la parataxe constitue bien une construction dans le syst{\`e}me de la langue.}, language = {fr} } @article{Glueck2008, author = {Gl{\"u}ck, Christian W.}, title = {Diagnostik semantisch-lexikalischer F{\"a}higkeiten im Grundschulalter mit dem WWT 6-10}, series = {Spektrum Patholinguistik}, journal = {Spektrum Patholinguistik}, number = {1}, issn = {1866-9085}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18912}, pages = {39 -- 55}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Auszug: Etwa zwei Drittel aller Ausgaben der Krankenkassen f{\"u}r das Heilmittel Sprachtherapie betreffen ein Klientel in der Altersgruppe der 0- bis 15-j{\"a}hrigen (GVK-HIS Bundesrepublik 2007). Spracherwerbsst{\"o}rungen stellen das h{\"a}ufigste Entwicklungsrisiko bei Kindern dar. Ca. 18\% der einzuschulenden Kinder weisen einen F{\"o}rderbedarf im Entwicklungsbereich Sprache auf (Tollk{\"u}hn 2001) und ca. 18\% der 6-j{\"a}hrigen Jungen erhalten nach dem Heilmittelbericht 2006 Sprachtherapieverordnungen (Schr{\"o}der \& Waltersbacher 2006). Die {\"u}berwiegende Mehrheit erh{\"a}lt diese Verordnung aufgrund der Zuweisung des Indikationsschl{\"u}ssels „St{\"o}rungen der Sprache vor Abschluss der Sprachentwicklung". Darunter fallen v.a. Kinder mit einer prim{\"a}ren Spracherwerbsst{\"o}rung, f{\"u}r deren Art und Ausmaß keine H{\"o}rst{\"o}rung, keine Intelligenzbeeintr{\"a}chtigung, keine neurologische Sch{\"a}digung oder soziale Deprivation verantwortlich gemacht werden kann. F{\"u}r diese besondere Entwicklungssituation wird die Diagnose „Spezifische Spracherwerbsst{\"o}rung (SSES)" vergeben (Grimm 2003; Dannenbauer 2002). [...]}, language = {de} }