@article{MarienfeldtWehmeierKuhlmann2024,
  author    = {Marienfeldt, Justine and Wehmeier, Liz Marla and Kuhlmann, Sabine},
  title     = {Top-down or bottom-up digital transformation?},
  series = {Public money \& management},
  journal   = {Public money \& management},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {0954-0962},
  doi       = {10.1080/09540962.2024.2365351},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {This article analyses incremental institutional change and subsequent organizational and performance outcomes of the digital transformation from a comparative perspective. Through 31 expert interviews, the authors compare two digitalized public services in Germany. Two digitalization approaches are identified. The voluntary, decentralized bottom-up approach involves layering of new rules, limited organizational restructuring, and performance deficits. Conversely, the compulsory, top-down approach with centralized control facilitates displacement of existing rules and far-reaching organizational change; in this study, it is also associated with improved performance.},
  language  = {en}
}