@techreport{KienbaumWuerflFavella2022, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kienbaum, Janna and W{\"u}rfl, Katja and Favella, Gianpiero}, title = {Leitfaden f{\"u}r einen qualitativen Methoden- und Feldbericht}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.7247993}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Der Leitfaden f{\"u}r einen qualitativen Methoden- und Feldbericht ist im Rahmen des DFG-Verbundprojektes "FDNext" (2020-2023) entstanden und dient als Orientierungshilfe f{\"u}r die Dokumentation erhobener Daten mit dem Schwerpunkt auf die qualitative Bildungsforschung.}, language = {de} } @article{Heinzel2022, author = {Heinzel, Mirko Noa}, title = {International bureaucrats and organizational performance}, series = {International Studies Quarterly}, volume = {66}, journal = {International Studies Quarterly}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0020-8833}, doi = {10.1093/isq/sqac013}, pages = {13}, year = {2022}, abstract = {International organizations (IOs) try to incorporate policy-specific best practices and country-specific knowledge to increase well-informed decision-making. However, the relative contribution of the two kinds of knowledge to organizational performance is insufficiently understood. The article addresses this gap by focusing on the role of staff in World Bank performance. It posits that country-specific knowledge, sectoral knowledge, and their combination positively contribute to World Bank projects. The argument is tested drawing on a novel database on the tenure, nationality, and educational background of World Bank Task Team Leaders. Three findings stand out. First, country-specific knowledge seems to matter on average, while sectoral knowledge does not. Second, there is some evidence that staff that combine both kinds of knowledge are empowered to make more positive contributions to performance. Third, the diversity and relevance of experience, not length of tenure, are associated with more success. The findings contribute to discussions on international bureaucracies by highlighting how differences between the knowledge of individual staff shape their decision-making and performance. IOs could better tap into the existing resources in their bureaucracies to enhance their performance by rotating staff less frequently between duty stations.}, language = {en} } @article{Reiners2022, author = {Reiners, Nina}, title = {Transnational lawmaking coalitions for human rights}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {978-1-108-97676-3}, doi = {10.1017/9781108976763}, pages = {198}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Transnational Lawmaking Coalitions is the first comprehensive analysis of the role and impact of informal collaborations in the UN human rights treaty bodies. Issues as central to international human rights as the right to water, abortion, torture, and hate speech are often only clarified through the instrument of treaty interpretations. This book dives beneath the surface of the formal access, procedures, and actors of the UN treaty body system to reveal how the experts and external collaborators play a key role in the development of human rights. Nina Reiners introduces the concept of 'Transnational Lawmaking Coalitions' within a novel theoretical framework and draws on a number of detailed case studies and original data. This study makes a significant contribution to the scholarship on human rights, transnational actors, and international organizations, and contributes to broader debates in international relations and international law}, language = {de} } @article{DrekeHungerlandStoelting2022, author = {Dreke, Claudia and Hungerland, Beatrice and St{\"o}lting, Erhard}, title = {Ausblick}, series = {Kindheit in gesellschaftlichen Umbr{\"u}chen}, journal = {Kindheit in gesellschaftlichen Umbr{\"u}chen}, publisher = {Beltz}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-6508-4}, pages = {253 -- 258}, year = {2022}, language = {de} } @article{KazepovVerwiebe2022, author = {Kazepov, Yuri and Verwiebe, Roland}, title = {Is Vienna still a just city?}, series = {Vienna}, journal = {Vienna}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {978-0-367-68011-4}, doi = {10.4324/9781003133827-1}, pages = {1 -- 14}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{RiedererVerwiebeAhn2022, author = {Riederer, Bernhard Edwin and Verwiebe, Roland and Ahn, Byeongsun}, title = {Professionalisation, polarisation or both?}, series = {Vienna}, journal = {Vienna}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-0-367-68011-4}, doi = {10.4324/9781003133827-10}, pages = {99 -- 114}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{PraegFritschRichard2022, author = {Pr{\"a}g, Patrick and Fritsch, Nina-Sophie and Richard, Lindsay}, title = {Intragenerational social mobility and wellbeing}, series = {Social forces : SF ; an international journal of social research associated with the Southern Sociological Society}, volume = {101}, journal = {Social forces : SF ; an international journal of social research associated with the Southern Sociological Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1534-7605}, pages = {665 -- 693}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Social theory has long predicted that social mobility, in particular downward social mobility, is detrimental to the well-being of individuals. Dissociative and "falling from grace" theories suggest that mobility is stressful due to the weakening of social ties, feelings of alienation, and loss of status. In light of these theories, it is a puzzle that the majority of quantitative studies in this area have shown null results. Our approach to resolve the puzzle is two-fold. First, we argue for a broader conception of the mobility process than is often used and thus focus on intragenerational occupational class mobility rather than restricting ourselves to the more commonly studied intergenerational mobility. Second, we argue that self-reported measures may be biased by habituation (or "entrenched deprivation"). Using nurse-collected health and biomarker data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2010-2012, N = 4,123), we derive a measure of allostatic load as an objective gauge of physiological "wear and tear" and compare patterns of mobility effects with self-reports of health using diagonal reference models. Our findings indicate a strong class gradient in both allostatic load and self-rated health, and that both first and current job matter for current well-being outcomes. However, in terms of the effects of mobility itself, we find that intragenerational social mobility is consequential for allostatic load, but not for self-rated health. Downward mobility is detrimental and upward mobility beneficial for well-being as assessed by allostatic load. Thus, these findings do not support the idea of generalized stress from dissociation, but they do support the "falling from grace" hypothesis of negative downward mobility effects. Our findings have a further implication, namely that the differences in mobility effects between the objective and subjective outcome infer the presence of entrenched deprivation. Null results in studies of self-rated outcomes may therefore be a methodological artifact, rather than an outright rejection of decades-old social theory.}, language = {en} } @article{BergerFritschMader2022, author = {Berger, Christian and Fritsch, Nina-Sophie and Mader, Katharina}, title = {Transformation und Krise der Sorgearbeit}, series = {Kurswechsel : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r gesellschafts-, wirtschafts- und umweltpolitische Alternativen}, journal = {Kurswechsel : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r gesellschafts-, wirtschafts- und umweltpolitische Alternativen}, number = {2}, publisher = {BEIGEWUM}, address = {Wien}, issn = {1016-8419}, pages = {40 -- 50}, year = {2022}, language = {de} } @article{HippKonrad2022, author = {Hipp, Lena and Konrad, Markus}, title = {Has Covid-19 increased gender inequalities in professional advancement?}, series = {Journal of family research}, volume = {34}, journal = {Journal of family research}, number = {1}, publisher = {University of Bamberg Press}, address = {Bamberg}, issn = {2699-2337}, doi = {10.20377/jfr-697}, pages = {134 -- 160}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Objective: This article analyzed gender differences in professional advancement following the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic based on data from open-source software developers in 37 countries. Background: Men and women may have been affected differently from the social distancing measures implemented to contain the Covid-19 pandemic. Given that men and women tend to work in different jobs and that they have been unequally involved in childcare duties, school and workplace closings may have impacted men's and women's professional lives unequally. Method: We analyzed original data from the world's largest social coding community, GitHub. We first estimated a Holt-Winters forecast model to compare the predicted and the observed average weekly productivity of a random sample of male and female developers (N=177,480) during the first lockdown period in 2020. To explain the crosscountry variation in the gendered effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on software developers' productivity, we estimated two-way fixed effects models with different lockdown measures as predictors - school and workplace closures, in particular. Results: In most countries, both male and female developers were, on average, more productive than predicted, and productivity increased for both genders with increasing lockdown stringency. When examining the effects of the most relevant types of lockdown measures separately, we found that stay-at-home restrictions increased both men's and women's productivity and that workplace closures also increased the number of weekly contributions on average - but for women, only when schools were open. Conclusion: Having found gender differences in the effect of workplace closures contingent on school and daycare closures within a population that is relatively young and unlikely to have children (software developers), we conclude that the Covid-19 pandemic may indeed have contributed to increased gender inequalities in professional advancement.}, language = {en} } @article{HeisigMatthewes2022, author = {Heisig, Jan Paul and Matthewes, S{\"o}nke Hendrik}, title = {No evidence that strict educational tracking improves student performance through classroom homogeneity}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie}, volume = {51}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie}, number = {1}, publisher = {de Gruyter Oldenbourg}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0340-1804}, doi = {10.1515/zfsoz-2022-0001}, pages = {99 -- 111}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In a recent contribution to this journal, Esser and Seuring (2020) draw on data from the National Educational Panel Study to attack the widespread view that tracking in lower secondary education exacerbates inequalities in student outcomes without improving average student performance. Exploiting variation in the strictness of tracking across 13 of the 16 German federal states (e. g., whether teacher recommendations are binding), Esser and Seuring claim to demonstrate that stricter tracking after grade 4 results in better performance in grade 7 and that this can be attributed to the greater homogeneity of classrooms under strict tracking. We show these conclusions to be untenable: Esser and Seuring's measures of classroom composition are highly dubious because the number of observed students is very small for many classrooms. Even when we adopt their classroom composition measures, simple corrections and extensions of their analysis reveal that there is no meaningful evidence for a positive relationship between classroom homogeneity and student achievement - the channel supposed to mediate the alleged positive effect of strict tracking. We go on to show that students from more strictly tracking states perform better already at the start of tracking (grade 5), which casts further doubt on the alleged positive effect of strict tracking on learning progress and leaves selection or anticipation effects as more plausible explanations. On a conceptual level, we emphasize that Esser and Seuring's analysis is limited to states that implement different forms of early tracking and cannot inform us about the relative performance of comprehensive and tracked systems that is the focus of most prior research.}, language = {en} } @incollection{TrinkhausVoelker2022, author = {Trinkhaus, Stephan and V{\"o}lker, Susanne}, title = {Inhabiting the entanglement of that time with our own" (Saidiya Hartman)}, series = {Handbuch Intersektionalit{\"a}tsforschung}, booktitle = {Handbuch Intersektionalit{\"a}tsforschung}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-26291-4}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-26292-1_11}, pages = {145 -- 159}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In diesem Beitrag wird der Versuch unternommen, anhand des Konzepts der Diffraktion die (neomaterialistischen) Arbeiten Donna Haraways und Karen Barads mit bestimmten Ans{\"a}tzen der Black Studies in Kontakt zu bringen. Im Mittelpunkt stehen hier Texte von Saidiya Hartman und Christina Sharpe, die auf dem afterlife of slavery und der Grundlegung modernen Wissens und moderner Politik als antiblackness insistieren. Angestrebt ist ein nicht-integratives, wechselseitiges Beachten divergenter (Theorie-)Praktiken, um partielle Kollaborationen zu erm{\"o}glichen.}, language = {de} } @article{SeržantMoroz2022, author = {Seržant, Ilja A. and Moroz, George A.}, title = {Universal attractors in language evolution provide evidence for the kinds of efficiency pressures involved}, series = {Humanities \& Social Sciences Communications}, volume = {9}, journal = {Humanities \& Social Sciences Communications}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {2662-9992}, doi = {10.1057/s41599-022-01072-0}, pages = {9}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Efficiency is central to understanding the communicative and cognitive underpinnings of language. However, efficiency management is a complex mechanism in which different efficiency effects-such as articulatory, processing and planning ease, mental accessibility, and informativity, online and offline efficiency effects-conspire to yield the coding of linguistic signs. While we do not yet exactly understand the interactional mechanism of these different effects, we argue that universal attractors are an important component of any dynamic theory of efficiency that would be aimed at predicting efficiency effects across languages. Attractors are defined as universal states around which language evolution revolves. Methodologically, we approach efficiency from a cross-linguistic perspective on the basis of a world-wide sample of 383 languages from 53 families, balancing all six macro-areas (Eurasia, North and South America, Australia, Africa, and Oceania). We explore the grammatical domain of verbal person-number subject indexes. We claim that there is an attractor state in this domain to which languages tend to develop and tend not to leave if they happen to comply with the attractor in their earlier stages of evolution. The attractor is characterized by different lengths for each person and number combination, structured along Zipf's predictions. Moreover, the attractor strongly prefers non-compositional, cumulative coding of person and number. On the basis of these and other properties of the attractor, we conclude that there are two domains in which efficiency pressures are most powerful: strive towards less processing and articulatory effort. The latter, however, is overridden by constant information flow. Strive towards lower lexicon complexity and memory costs are weaker efficiency pressures for this grammatical category due to its order of frequency.}, language = {en} } @periodical{OPUS4-55598, title = {Unterricht Wirtschaft + Politik}, number = {2}, editor = {Kirchner, Vera and Richter, Christin}, publisher = {Friedrich Verlag}, address = {Hannover}, issn = {2191-6624}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Homeoffice, 24/7-Erreichbarkeit, VR-Brillen, flach hierarchisierte Projektarbeit in internationalen Teams - ist das die Arbeitswelt der Zukunft? Sind wir bereit f{\"u}r den Abschied vom B{\"u}roalltag, von Kantine, Allzweckteppich und Philodendron - aber eben auch vom Schwatz mit den Kollegen in der Kaffeepause, von sozialer Anbindung und Mitbestimmung?}, language = {de} } @article{KirchnerRichter2022, author = {Kirchner, Vera and Richter, Christin}, title = {Arbeitswelt 4.0}, series = {Unterricht Wirtschaft + Politik}, journal = {Unterricht Wirtschaft + Politik}, number = {2}, editor = {Kirchner, Vera and Richter, Christin}, publisher = {Friedich Verlag}, address = {Hannover}, issn = {2191-6624}, pages = {6 -- 9}, year = {2022}, language = {de} } @article{HaenelMueller2022, author = {H{\"a}nel, Hilkje Charlotte and M{\"u}ller, Johanna}, title = {Non-Ideal philosophy as methodology}, series = {Theoria : a journal of social and political theory}, volume = {69}, journal = {Theoria : a journal of social and political theory}, number = {3}, publisher = {Berghahn}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1558-5816}, doi = {10.3167/th.2022.6917202}, pages = {32 -- 59}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This article argues that non-ideal theory is distinctive in its use of a certain methodology which is prior to specific topics (such as injustice, oppression, etc.), grounded in the idea of socially situ-ated knowledge, and able to address ideological situatedness. Drawing on standpoint epistemology, we show that one's social position within given power structures has implications for knowledge acquisition and that being in a vulnerable or marginalised position can be advantageous to knowledge acquisition. Following ideology critique, we argue that both marginalised and powerful social positions are embedded within a given ideology. As ideology is more than a mere set of attitudes or beliefs that social agents endorse or resist, situated agents and theo-rists cannot develop normative criteria that are not themselves situated. Hence, non-ideal theory has to be equipped with methods that are likely to make this situatedness visible. We close by presenting some diverse methods that already do so.}, language = {en} } @article{Reibold2022, author = {Reibold, Kerstin}, title = {Settler Colonialism, Decolonization, and Climate Change}, series = {Journal of applied philosophy}, journal = {Journal of applied philosophy}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0264-3758}, doi = {10.1111/japp.12573}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The article proposes that climate change makes enduring colonial injustices and structures visible. It focuses on the imposition and dominance of colonial concepts of land and self-determination on Indigenous peoples in settler states. It argues that if the dominance of these colonial frameworks remains unaddressed, the progressing climate change will worsen other colonial injustices, too. Specifically, Indigenous self-determination capabilities will be increasingly undermined, and Indigenous peoples will experience the loss of what they understand as relevant land from within their own ontologies of land. The article holds that even if settler states strive to repair colonial injustices, these efforts will be unsuccessful if climate change occurs and decolonization is pursued within the framework of a settler colonial ontology of land. Therefore, the article suggests, decolonization of the ontologies of land and concepts of self-determination is a precondition for a just response to climate change.}, language = {en} } @article{Kesting2022, author = {Kesting, Marietta}, title = {Wer schreibt? Wer spricht?}, series = {Human after man}, journal = {Human after man}, publisher = {Diaphanes}, address = {Z{\"u}rich}, isbn = {978-3-0358-0465-2}, pages = {163 -- 178}, year = {2022}, language = {de} } @article{CaliendoCobbClarkObstetal.2022, author = {Caliendo, Marco and Cobb-Clark, Deborah A. and Obst, Cosima and Uhlendorff, Arne}, title = {Risk preferences and training investments}, series = {Journal of economic behavior \& organization}, volume = {205}, journal = {Journal of economic behavior \& organization}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0167-2681}, doi = {10.1016/j.jebo.2022.11.024}, pages = {668 -- 686}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We analyze workers' risk preferences and training investments. Our conceptual framework differentiates between the investment risk and insurance mechanisms underpinning training decisions. Investment risk leads risk-averse workers to train less; they undertake more training if it insures them against future losses. We use the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) to demonstrate that risk affinity is associated with more training, implying that, on average, investment risks dominate the insurance benefits of training. Crucially, this relationship is evident only for general training; there is no relationship between risk attitudes and specific training. Thus, consistent with our conceptual framework, risk preferences matter more when skills are transferable - and workers have a vested interest in training outcomes - than when they are not. Finally, we provide evidence that the insurance benefits of training are concentrated among workers with uncertain employment relationships or limited access to public insurance schemes.}, language = {en} } @article{CaliendoCobbClarkObstetal.2022, author = {Caliendo, Marco and Cobb-Clark, Deborah A. and Obst, Cosima and Seitz, Helke and Uhlendorff, Arne}, title = {Locus of control and investment in training}, series = {Journal of human resources}, volume = {57}, journal = {Journal of human resources}, number = {4}, publisher = {University of Wisconsin Press}, address = {Madison}, issn = {0022-166X}, doi = {10.3368/jhr.57.4.0318-9377R2}, pages = {1311 -- 1349}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We extend standard models of work-related training by explicitly incorporating workers' locus of control into the investment decision through the returns they expect. Our model predicts that higher internal control results in increased take-up of general, but not specific, training. This prediction is empirically validated using data from the German Socioeconomic Panel (SOEP). We provide empirical evidence that locus of control influences participation in training through its effect on workers' expectations about future wage increases rather than actual wage increases. Our results provide an important explanation for underinvestment in training and suggest that those with an external sense of control may require additional training support.}, language = {en} } @article{MunnesHarschKnoblochetal.2022, author = {Munnes, Stefan and Harsch, Corinna and Knobloch, Marcel and Vogel, Johannes S. and Hipp, Lena and Schilling, Erik}, title = {Examining Sentiment in Complex Texts. A Comparison of Different Computational Approaches}, series = {Frontiers in Big Data}, volume = {5}, journal = {Frontiers in Big Data}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2624-909X}, doi = {10.3389/fdata.2022.886362}, pages = {16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Can we rely on computational methods to accurately analyze complex texts? To answer this question, we compared different dictionary and scaling methods used in predicting the sentiment of German literature reviews to the "gold standard " of human-coded sentiments. Literature reviews constitute a challenging text corpus for computational analysis as they not only contain different text levels-for example, a summary of the work and the reviewer's appraisal-but are also characterized by subtle and ambiguous language elements. To take the nuanced sentiments of literature reviews into account, we worked with a metric rather than a dichotomous scale for sentiment analysis. The results of our analyses show that the predicted sentiments of prefabricated dictionaries, which are computationally efficient and require minimal adaption, have a low to medium correlation with the human-coded sentiments (r between 0.32 and 0.39). The accuracy of self-created dictionaries using word embeddings (both pre-trained and self-trained) was considerably lower (r between 0.10 and 0.28). Given the high coding intensity and contingency on seed selection as well as the degree of data pre-processing of word embeddings that we found with our data, we would not recommend them for complex texts without further adaptation. While fully automated approaches appear not to work in accurately predicting text sentiments with complex texts such as ours, we found relatively high correlations with a semiautomated approach (r of around 0.6)-which, however, requires intensive human coding efforts for the training dataset. In addition to illustrating the benefits and limits of computational approaches in analyzing complex text corpora and the potential of metric rather than binary scales of text sentiment, we also provide a practical guide for researchers to select an appropriate method and degree of pre-processing when working with complex texts.}, language = {en} }