@article{Ayzel2021, author = {Ayzel, Georgy}, title = {Deep neural networks in hydrology}, series = {Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences}, volume = {66}, journal = {Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences}, number = {1}, publisher = {Univ. Press}, address = {St. Petersburg}, issn = {2541-9668}, doi = {10.21638/spbu07.2021.101}, pages = {5 -- 18}, year = {2021}, abstract = {For around a decade, deep learning - the sub-field of machine learning that refers to artificial neural networks comprised of many computational layers - modifies the landscape of statistical model development in many research areas, such as image classification, machine translation, and speech recognition. Geoscientific disciplines in general and the field of hydrology in particular, also do not stand aside from this movement. Recently, the proliferation of modern deep learning-based techniques and methods has been actively gaining popularity for solving a wide range of hydrological problems: modeling and forecasting of river runoff, hydrological model parameters regionalization, assessment of available water resources. identification of the main drivers of the recent change in water balance components. This growing popularity of deep neural networks is primarily due to their high universality and efficiency. The presented qualities, together with the rapidly growing amount of accumulated environmental information, as well as increasing availability of computing facilities and resources, allow us to speak about deep neural networks as a new generation of mathematical models designed to, if not to replace existing solutions, but significantly enrich the field of geophysical processes modeling. This paper provides a brief overview of the current state of the field of development and application of deep neural networks in hydrology. Also in the following study, the qualitative long-term forecast regarding the development of deep learning technology for managing the corresponding hydrological modeling challenges is provided based on the use of "Gartner Hype Curve", which in the general details describes a life cycle of modern technologies.}, language = {en} } @article{LisowskaRoedelManetetal.2018, author = {Lisowska, Justyna and R{\"o}del, Claudia Jasmin and Manet, Sandra and Miroshnikova, Yekaterina A. and Boyault, Cyril and Planus, Emmanuelle and De Mets, Richard and Lee, Hsiao-Hui and Destaing, Olivier and Mertani, Hichem and Boulday, Gwenola and Tournier-Lasserve, Elisabeth and Balland, Martial and Abdelilah-Seyfried, Salim and Albiges-Rizo, Corinne and Faurobert, Eva}, title = {The CCM1-CCM2 complex controls complementary functions of ROCK1 and ROCK2 that are required for endothelial integrity}, series = {Journal of cell science}, volume = {131}, journal = {Journal of cell science}, number = {15}, publisher = {Company biologists LTD}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {0021-9533}, doi = {10.1242/jcs.216093}, pages = {15}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Endothelial integrity relies on a mechanical crosstalk between intercellular and cell-matrix interactions. This crosstalk is compromised in hemorrhagic vascular lesions of patients carrying loss-of-function mutations in cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) genes. RhoA/ROCK-dependent cytoskeletal remodeling is central to the disease, as it causes unbalanced cell adhesion towards increased cell-extracellular matrix adhesions and destabilized cell-cell junctions. This study reveals that CCM proteins directly orchestrate ROCK1 and ROCK2 complementary roles on the mechanics of the endothelium. CCM proteins act as a scaffold, promoting ROCK2 interactions with VE-cadherin and limiting ROCK1 kinase activity. Loss of CCM1 (also known as KRIT1) produces excessive ROCK1-dependent actin stress fibers and destabilizes intercellular junctions. Silencing of ROCK1 but not ROCK2 restores the adhesive and mechanical homeostasis of CCM1 and CCM2-depleted endothelial monolayers, and rescues the cardiovascular defects of ccm1 mutant zebrafish embryos. Conversely, knocking down Rock2 but not Rock1 in wild-type zebrafish embryos generates defects reminiscent of the ccm1 mutant phenotypes. Our study uncovers the role of the CCM1-CCM2 complex in controlling ROCK1 and ROCK2 to preserve endothelial integrity and drive heart morphogenesis. Moreover, it solely identifies the ROCK1 isoform as a potential therapeutic target for the CCM disease.}, language = {en} } @article{D'AscenzoLugliNicolettietal.2020, author = {D'Ascenzo, Stefania and Lugli, Luisa and Nicoletti, Roberto and Fischer, Martin H.}, title = {Assessing orienting of attention to understand the time course of mental calculation}, series = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science}, volume = {21}, journal = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg ; Berlin}, issn = {1612-4782}, doi = {10.1007/s10339-020-00970-y}, pages = {493 -- 500}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Number processing induces spatial attention shifts to the left or right side for small or large numbers, respectively. This spatial-numerical association (SNA) extends to mental calculation, such that subtractions and additions induce left or right biases, respectively. However, the time course of activating SNAs during mental calculation is unclear. Here, we addressed this issue by measuring visual position discrimination during auditory calculation. Thirty-four healthy adults listened in each trial to five successive elements of arithmetic facts (first operand, operator, second operand, equal and result) and verbally classified their correctness. After each element (except for the result), a fixation dot moved equally often to either the left or right side and participants pressed left or right buttons to discriminate its movement direction (four times per trial). First and second operand magnitude (small/large), operation (addition/subtraction), result correctness (right/wrong) and movement direction (left/right) were balanced across 128 trials. Manual reaction times of dot movement discriminations were considered in relation to previous arithmetic elements. We found no evidence of early attentional shifts after first operand and operator presentation. Discrimination performance was modulated consistent with SNAs after the second operand, suggesting that attentional shifts occur once there is access to all elements necessary to complete an arithmetic operation. Such late-occurring attention shifts may reflect a combination of multiple element-specific biases and confirm their functional role in mental calculation.}, language = {en} } @article{BuerkiFoschiniWelbyClementetal.2019, author = {B{\"u}rki-Foschini, Audrey Damaris and Welby, Pauline and Clement, Melanie and Spinelli, Elsa}, title = {Orthography and second language word learning}, series = {The journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, volume = {145}, journal = {The journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, address = {Melville}, issn = {0001-4966}, doi = {10.1121/1.5094923}, pages = {EL265 -- EL271}, year = {2019}, abstract = {French participants learned English pseudowords either with the orthographic form displayed under the corresponding picture (Audio-Ortho) or without (Audio). In a naming task, pseudowords learned in the Audio-Ortho condition were produced faster and with fewer errors, providing a first piece of evidence that orthographic information facilitates the learning and on-line retrieval of productive vocabulary in a second language. Formant analyses, however, showed that productions from the Audio-Ortho condition were more French-like (i.e., less target-like), a result confirmed by a vowel categorization task performed by native speakers of English. It is argued that novel word learning and pronunciation accuracy should be considered together. (C) 2019 Acoustical Society of America}, language = {en} } @article{BuerkiFoschini2018, author = {B{\"u}rki-Foschini, Audrey Damaris}, title = {Variation in the speech signal as a window into the cognitive architecture of language production}, series = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, volume = {25}, journal = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1069-9384}, doi = {10.3758/s13423-017-1423-4}, pages = {1973 -- 2004}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The pronunciation of words is highly variable. This variation provides crucial information about the cognitive architecture of the language production system. This review summarizes key empirical findings about variation phenomena, integrating corpus, acoustic, articulatory, and chronometric data from phonetic and psycholinguistic studies. It examines how these data constrain our current understanding of word production processes and highlights major challenges and open issues that should be addressed in future research.}, language = {en} } @article{SchirmerHoffmannEccardetal.2020, author = {Schirmer, Annika and Hoffmann, Julia and Eccard, Jana and Dammhahn, Melanie}, title = {My niche}, series = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences}, volume = {287}, journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences}, number = {1918}, publisher = {Royal Society}, address = {London}, issn = {0962-8452}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2019.2211}, pages = {9}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Intraspecific trait variation is an important determinant of fundamental ecological interactions. Many of these interactions are mediated by behaviour. Therefore, interindividual differences in behaviour should contribute to individual niche specialization. Comparable with variation in morphological traits, behavioural differentiation between individuals should limit similarity among competitors and thus act as a mechanism maintaining within-species variation in ecological niches and facilitating species coexistence. Here, we aimed to test whether interindividual differences in boldness covary with spatial interactions within and between two ecologically similar, co-occurring rodent species (Myodes glareolus, Apodemus agrarius). In five subpopulations in northeast Germany, we quantified individual differences in boldness via repeated standardized tests and spatial interaction patterns via capture-mark- recapture (n = 126) and automated VHF telemetry (n = 36). We found that boldness varied with space use in both species. Individuals of the same population occupied different spatial niches, which resulted in non-random patterns of within- and between-species spatial interactions. Behavioural types mainly differed in the relative importance of intra- versus interspecific competition. Within-species variation along this competition gradient could contribute to maintaining individual niche specialization. Moreover, behavioural differentiation between individuals limits similarity among competitors, which might facilitate the coexistence of functionally equivalent species and, thus, affect community dynamics and local biodiversity.}, language = {en} } @article{OlasWahl2019, author = {Olas, Justyna Jadwiga and Wahl, Vanessa}, title = {Tissue-specific NIA1 and NIA2 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana}, series = {Plant Signaling \& Behavior}, volume = {14}, journal = {Plant Signaling \& Behavior}, number = {11}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {1559-2316}, doi = {10.1080/15592324.2019.1656035}, pages = {5}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for optimal plant growth and ultimately for crop productivity Nitrate serves as the main N source for most plants. Although it seems a well-established fact that nitrate concentration affects flowering, its molecular mode of action in flowering time regulation was poorly understood. We recently found how nitrate, present at the shoot apical meristem (SAM), controls flowering time In this short communication, we present data on the tissue-specific expression patterns of NITRATE REDUCTASE 1 (NIA1) and NIA2 in planta. We show that transcripts of both genes are present throughout the life cycle of Arabidopsis thaliana plants with NIA1 being predominantly active in leaves and NIA2 in meristematic tissues.}, language = {en} } @article{UllrichGronau2020, author = {Ullrich, Andr{\´e} and Gronau, Norbert}, title = {Bestimmung nachhaltiger Anwendungssystemarchitekturen}, series = {ERP-Management : Auswahl, Einf{\"u}hrung und Betrieb von ERP-Systemen}, volume = {16}, journal = {ERP-Management : Auswahl, Einf{\"u}hrung und Betrieb von ERP-Systemen}, number = {1}, publisher = {GITO mbH}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1860-6725}, doi = {10.30844/ERP_20-1_54-57}, pages = {54 -- 57}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Die teilweise sehr kurzfristig notwendige Reaktion auf Ver{\"a}nderungen erfordert von Unternehmen ein hohes Maß an Flexibilit{\"a}t und Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit. Anwendungssystemarchitekturen, die im Wesentlichen aus alten und selbst entwickelten Systemen bestehen, erf{\"u}llen h{\"a}ufig diese Anforderungen nicht. Investitionsmittel f{\"u}r neue Software sind jedoch begrenzt, daher m{\"u}ssen Priorit{\"a}ten in der Abl{\"o}sung von Altsystemen gesetzt werden. Eine effiziente Analysemethode zur Planung der Erneuerung der Anwendungssystemlandschaft stellt die Wandlungsf{\"a}higkeitsanalyse dar. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt Vorgehen und Ergebnisse am Beispiel eines international t{\"a}tigen Automobilzulieferers.}, language = {de} } @article{RuthsatzScherzVences2021, author = {Ruthsatz, Katharina and Scherz, Mark D. and Vences, Miguel}, title = {Dissecting the tree of life}, series = {Zootaxa : an international journal of zootaxonomy ;}, volume = {5016}, journal = {Zootaxa : an international journal of zootaxonomy ;}, number = {3}, publisher = {Magnolia Press}, address = {Auckland}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5016.3.10}, pages = {448 -- 450}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{daSilvaVarellaJonesetal.2019, author = {da Silva, Filipe Ferreira and Varella, Marcio T. do N. and Jones, Nykola C. and Hoffmann, Soren Vronning and Denifl, Stephan and Bald, Ilko and Kopyra, Janina}, title = {Electron-Induced Reactions in 3-Bromopyruvic Acid}, series = {Chemistry - a European journal}, volume = {25}, journal = {Chemistry - a European journal}, number = {21}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0947-6539}, doi = {10.1002/chem.201806132}, pages = {5498 -- 5506}, year = {2019}, abstract = {3-Bromopyruvic acid (3BP) is a potential anticancer drug, the action of which on cellular metabolism is not yet entirely clear. The presence of a bromine atom suggests that it is also reactive towards low-energy electrons, which are produced in large quantities during tumour radiation therapy. Detailed knowledge of the interaction of 3BP with secondary electrons is a prerequisite to gain a complete picture of the effects of 3BP in different forms of cancer therapy. Herein, dissociative electron attachment (DEA) to 3BP in the gas phase has been studied both experimentally by using a crossed-beam setup and theoretically through scattering and quantum chemical calculations. These results are complemented by a vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectrum. The main fragmentation channel is the formation of Br- close to 0 eV and within several resonant features at 1.9 and 3-8 eV. At low electron energies, Br- formation proceeds through sigma* and pi* shape resonances, and at higher energies through core-excited resonances. It is found that the electron-capture cross-section is clearly increased compared with that of non-brominated pyruvic acid, but, at the same time, fragmentation reactions through DEA are significantly altered as well. The 3BP transient negative ion is subject to a lower number of fragmentation reactions than those of pyruvic acid, which indicates that 3BP could indeed act by modifying the electron-transport chains within oxidative phosphorylation. It could also act as a radio-sensitiser.}, language = {en} } @article{LuedeckeWeidnerSchlaad2019, author = {L{\"u}decke, Nils and Weidner, Steffen M. and Schlaad, Helmut}, title = {Poly(2-oxazoline)s Based on Phenolic Acids}, series = {Macromolecular rapid communications}, volume = {41}, journal = {Macromolecular rapid communications}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1022-1336}, doi = {10.1002/marc.201900404}, pages = {5}, year = {2019}, abstract = {A series of phenolic-acid-based 2-oxazoline monomers with methoxy-substituted phenyl and cinnamyl side chains is synthesized and polymerized in a microwave reactor at 140 °C using methyl tosylate as the initiator. The obtained poly(2-oxazoline)s are characterized by NMR spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Kinetic studies reveal that the microwave-assisted polymerization is fast and completed within less than ≈10 min for low monomer-to-initiator ratios of ≤25. Polymers with number-average molar masses of up to 6500 g mol-1 and low dispersity (1.2-1.3) are produced. The aryl methyl ethers are successfully cleaved with aluminum triiodide/N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide to give a poly(2-oxazoline) with pendent catechol groups.}, language = {en} } @article{LinkeWoesleHarder2020, author = {Linke, Christian and W{\"o}sle, Markus and Harder, Anja}, title = {Anti-cancer agent 3-bromopyruvate reduces growth of MPNST and inhibits metabolic pathways in a representative in-vitro model}, series = {BMC cancer}, volume = {20}, journal = {BMC cancer}, number = {1}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {1471-2407}, doi = {10.1186/s12885-020-07397-w}, pages = {11}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Background Anticancer compound 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) suppresses cancer cell growth via targeting glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism. The malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), a very aggressive, therapy resistant, and Neurofibromatosis type 1 associated neoplasia, shows a high metabolic activity and affected patients may therefore benefit from 3-BrPA treatment. To elucidate the specific mode of action, we used a controlled cell model overexpressing proteasome activator (PA) 28, subsequently leading to p53 inactivation and oncogenic transformation and therefore reproducing an important pathway in MPNST and overall tumor pathogenesis. Methods Viability of MPNST cell lines S462, NSF1, and T265 in response to increasing doses (0-120 mu M) of 3-BrPA was analyzed by CellTiter-Blue (R) assay. Additionally, we investigated viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (dihydroethidium assay), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase activity (NADH-TR assay) and lactate production (lactate assay) in mouse B8 fibroblasts overexpressing PA28 in response to 3-BrPA application. For all experiments normal and nutrient deficient conditions were tested. MPNST cell lines were furthermore characterized immunohistochemically for Ki67, p53, bcl2, bcl6, cyclin D1, and p21. Results MPNST significantly responded dose dependent to 3-BrPA application, whereby S462 cells were most responsive. Human control cells showed a reduced sensitivity. In PA28 overexpressing cancer cell model 3-BrPA application harmed mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase activity mildly and significantly failed to inhibit lactate production. PA28 overexpression was associated with a functional glycolysis as well as a partial resistance to stress provoked by nutrient deprivation. 3-BrPA treatment was not associated with an increase of ROS. Starvation sensitized MPNST to treatment. Conclusions Aggressive MPNST cells are sensitive to 3-BrPA therapy in-vitro with and without starvation. In a PA28 overexpression cancer cell model leading to p53 inactivation, thereby reflecting a key molecular feature in human NF1 associated MPNST, known functions of 3-BrPA to block mitochondrial activity and glycolysis were reproduced, however oncogenic cells displayed a partial resistance. To conclude, 3-BrPA was sufficient to reduce NF1 associated MPNST viability potentially due inhibition of glycolysis which should lead to the initiation of further studies and promises a potential benefit for NF1 patients.}, language = {en} } @article{SchaeferMenzJeltschetal.2017, author = {Sch{\"a}fer, Merlin and Menz, Stephan and Jeltsch, Florian and Zurell, Damaris}, title = {sOAR: a tool for modelling optimal animal life-history strategies in cyclic environments}, series = {Ecography : pattern and diversity in ecology ; research papers forum}, volume = {41}, journal = {Ecography : pattern and diversity in ecology ; research papers forum}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0906-7590}, doi = {10.1111/ecog.03328}, pages = {551 -- 557}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Periodic environments determine the life cycle of many animals across the globe and the timing of important life history events, such as reproduction and migration. These adaptive behavioural strategies are complex and can only be fully understood (and predicted) within the framework of natural selection in which species adopt evolutionary stable strategies. We present sOAR, a powerful and user-friendly implementation of the well-established framework of optimal annual routine modelling. It allows determining optimal animal life history strategies under cyclic environmental conditions using stochastic dynamic programming. It further includes the simulation of population dynamics under the optimal strategy. sOAR provides an important tool for theoretical studies on the behavioural and evolutionary ecology of animals. It is especially suited for studying bird migration. In particular, we integrated options to differentiate between costs of active and passive flight into the optimal annual routine modelling framework, as well as options to consider periodic wind conditions affecting flight energetics. We provide an illustrative example of sOAR where food supply in the wintering habitat of migratory birds significantly alters the optimal timing of migration. sOAR helps improving our understanding of how complex behaviours evolve and how behavioural decisions are constrained by internal and external factors experienced by the animal. Such knowledge is crucial for anticipating potential species' response to global environmental change.}, language = {en} } @article{RuedigerKuekerKapylaetal.2019, author = {R{\"u}diger, G{\"u}nther and K{\"u}ker, Manfred and Kapyla, P. J. and Strassmeier, Klaus G.}, title = {Antisolar differential rotation of slowly rotating cool stars}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {630}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {1432-0746}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201935280}, pages = {9}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Rotating stellar convection transports angular momentum towards the equator, generating the characteristic equatorial acceleration of the solar rotation while the radial flux of angular momentum is always inwards. New numerical box simulations for the meridional cross-correlation < u(theta)u(phi)>, however, reveal the angular momentum transport towards the poles for slow rotation and towards the equator for fast rotation. The explanation is that for slow rotation a negative radial gradient of the angular velocity always appears, which in combination with a so-far neglected rotation-induced off-diagonal eddy viscosity term nu(perpendicular to) provides "antisolar rotation" laws with a decelerated equator Similarly, the simulations provided positive values for the rotation-induced correlation < u(r)u(theta)>, which is relevant for the resulting latitudinal temperature profiles (cool or warm poles) for slow rotation and negative values for fast rotation. Observations of the differential rotation of slowly rotating stars will therefore lead to a better understanding of the actual stress-strain relation, the heat transport, and the underlying model of the rotating convection.}, language = {en} } @article{LiepertzBorowski2018, author = {Liepertz, Sven and Borowski, Andreas}, title = {Testing the Consensus Model}, series = {International journal of science education}, volume = {41}, journal = {International journal of science education}, number = {7}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0950-0693}, doi = {10.1080/09500693.2018.1478165}, pages = {890 -- 910}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The structure and definition of professional knowledge is a continuing focus of science education research. In 2012, a pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) summit was held and it suggested a model of professional knowledge and skill including PCK, which was later often called the Consensus Model (Gess-Newsome, 2015. A model of teacher professional knowledge and skill including PCK: Results of the thinking from the PCK summit. In A. Berry, P. J. Friedrichsen, \& J. Loughran (Eds.), Teaching and learning in science series. Re-examining pedagogical content knowledge in science education (1st ed., pp. 28-42). New York, NY: Routledge). The Consensus Model proposes a potential powerful framework for the relations among teachers' different professional knowledge bases, but to date it has neither been investigated empirically nor systematically. In this study, we investigated the relationships suggested by the Consensus Model among different aspects of teachers' knowledge and skill. A sample of 35 physics teachers and their classes participated in the investigation; both teachers and their students in these classes took paper-and-pencil tests. Furthermore, a lesson taught by each of the teachers was videotaped and analysed. The video analysis focused on the interconnectedness of the content structure of the lesson as representation of the in-class actions of the teachers. The interconnectedness is understood as a direct result of the application of professional knowledge of the teachers to their teaching. The teachers' knowledge showed no significant influence on the interconnectedness of the lesson content structure. However, the results confirmed the influence of interconnectedness and certain aspects of professional knowledge on students' outcomes. Therefore, interconnectedness of content structure could be verified as one indicator of teachers' instructional quality.}, language = {en} } @article{StolleSchwanghartAndermannetal.2018, author = {Stolle, Amelie and Schwanghart, Wolfgang and Andermann, Christoff and Bernhardt, Anne and Fort, Monique and Jansen, John D. and Wittmann, Hella and Merchel, Silke and Rugel, Georg and Adhikari, Basanta Raj and Korup, Oliver}, title = {Protracted river response to medieval earthquakes}, series = {Earth surface processes and landforms : the journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group}, volume = {44}, journal = {Earth surface processes and landforms : the journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0197-9337}, doi = {10.1002/esp.4517}, pages = {331 -- 341}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Mountain rivers respond to strong earthquakes by rapidly aggrading to accommodate excess sediment delivered by co-seismic landslides. Detailed sediment budgets indicate that rivers need several years to decades to recover from seismic disturbances, depending on how recovery is defined. We examine three principal proxies of river recovery after earthquake-induced sediment pulses around Pokhara, Nepal's second largest city. Freshly exhumed cohorts of floodplain trees in growth position indicate rapid and pulsed sedimentation that formed a fan covering 150 km2 in a Lesser Himalayan basin with tens of metres of debris between the 11th and 15th centuries AD. Radiocarbon dates of buried trees are consistent with those of nearby valley deposits linked to major medieval earthquakes, such that we can estimate average rates of re-incision since. We combine high-resolution digital elevation data, geodetic field surveys, aerial photos, and dated tree trunks to reconstruct geomorphic marker surfaces. The volumes of sediment relative to these surfaces require average net sediment yields of up to 4200 t km-2 yr-1 for the 650 years since the last inferred earthquake-triggered sediment pulse. The lithological composition of channel bedload differs from that of local bedrock, confirming that rivers are still mostly evacuating medieval valley fills, locally incising at rates of up to 0.2 m yr-1. Pronounced knickpoints and epigenetic gorges at tributary junctions further illustrate the protracted fluvial response; only the distal portions of the earthquake-derived sediment wedges have been cut to near their base. Our results challenge the notion that mountain rivers recover speedily from earthquakes within years to decades. The valley fills around Pokhara show that even highly erosive Himalayan rivers may need more than several centuries to adjust to catastrophic perturbations. Our results motivate some rethinking of post-seismic hazard appraisals and infrastructural planning in active mountain regions.}, language = {en} } @article{HudsonPhamBubeck2019, author = {Hudson, Paul and Pham, My and Bubeck, Philip}, title = {An evaluation and monetary assessment of the impact of flooding on subjective well-being across genders in Vietnam}, series = {Climate \& development}, volume = {11}, journal = {Climate \& development}, number = {7}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1756-5529}, doi = {10.1080/17565529.2019.1579698}, pages = {623 -- 637}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The intangible impacts of floods on welfare are not well investigated, even though they are important aspects of welfare. Moreover, flooding has gender based impacts on welfare. These differing impacts create a gender based flood risk resilience gap. We study the intangible impacts of flood risk on the subjective well-being of residents in central Vietnam. The measurement of intangible impacts through subjective well-being is a growing field within flood risk research. We find an initial drop in welfare through subjective well-being across genders when a flood is experienced. Male respondents tended to recover their welfare losses by around 80\% within 5 years while female respondents were associated with a welfare recovery of around 70\%. A monetization of the impacts floods have on an individual's subjective well-being shows that for the average female respondent, between 41\% to 86\% of annual income would be required to compensate subjective well-being losses after 5 years of experiencing a flood. The corresponding value for males is 30\% to 57\% of annual income. This shows that the intangible impacts of flood risk are important (across genders) and need to be integrated into flood (or climate) risk assessments to develop more socially appropriate risk management strategies.}, language = {en} } @misc{StraderSchneiderSchorlemmer2017, author = {Strader, Anne and Schneider, Max and Schorlemmer, Danijel}, title = {Erratum zu: Strader, Anne; Schneider, Max; Schorlemmer, Danijel: Prospective and retrospective evaluation of five-year earthquake forecast models for California (Geophysical Journal International, 211 (2017) 1, S. 239 - 251, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggx268)}, series = {Geophysical journal international}, volume = {212}, journal = {Geophysical journal international}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0956-540X}, doi = {10.1093/gji/ggx496}, pages = {1314 -- 1314}, year = {2017}, abstract = {S-test results for the USGS and RELM forecasts. The differences between the simulated log-likelihoods and the observed log-likelihood are labelled on the horizontal axes, with scaling adjustments for the 40year.retro experiment. The horizontal lines represent the confidence intervals, within the 0.05 significance level, for each forecast and experiment. If this range contains a log-likelihood difference of zero, the forecasted log-likelihoods are consistent with the observed, and the forecast passes the S-test (denoted by thin lines). If the minimum difference within this range does not contain zero, the forecast fails the S-test for that particular experiment, denoted by thick lines. Colours distinguish between experiments (see Table 2 for explanation of experiment durations). Due to anomalously large likelihood differences, S-test results for Wiemer-Schorlemmer.ALM during the 10year.retro and 40year.retro experiments are not displayed. The range of log-likelihoods for the Holliday-et-al.PI forecast is lower than for the other forecasts due to relatively homogeneous forecasted seismicity rates and use of a small fraction of the RELM testing region.}, language = {en} } @article{TarazonaMachatschekSchulzetal.2019, author = {Tarazona, Natalia A. and Machatschek, Rainhard Gabriel and Schulz, Burkhard and Auxiliadora Prieto Jim{\´e}nez, M. and Lendlein, Andreas}, title = {Molecular Insights into the Physical Adsorption of Amphiphilic Protein PhaF onto Copolyester Surfaces}, series = {Biomacromolecules : an interdisciplinary journal focused at the interface of polymer science and the biological sciences}, volume = {20}, journal = {Biomacromolecules : an interdisciplinary journal focused at the interface of polymer science and the biological sciences}, number = {9}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1525-7797}, doi = {10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00069}, pages = {3242 -- 3252}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Phasins are amphiphilic proteins located at the polymer-cytoplasm interface of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). The immobilization of phasins on biomaterial surfaces is a promising way to enhance the hydrophilicity and supply cell- directing elements in bioinstructing processes. Optimizing the physical adsorption of phasins requires deep insights into molecular processes during polymer-protein interactions to preserve their structural conformation while optimizing surface coverage. Here, the assembly, organization, and stability of phasin PhaF from Pseudomonas putida at interfaces is disclosed. The Langmuir technique, combined with in situ microscopy and spectroscopic methods, revealed that PhaF forms stable and robust monolayers at different temperatures, with an almost flat orientation of its alpha-helix at the air-water interface. PhaF adsorption onto preformed monolayers of poly[(3-R-hydroxyoctanoate)-co-(3-R-hydroxyhexanoate)] (PHOHHx), yields stable mixed layers below pi = similar to 15.7 mN/m. Further insertion induces a molecular reorganization. PHOHHx with strong surface hydrophobicity is a more adequate substrate for PhaF adsorption than the less hydrophobic poly[(rac-lactide)-co-glycolide] (PLGA). The observed orientation of the main axis of the protein in relation to copolyester interfaces ensures the best exposure of the hydrophobic residues, providing a suitable coating strategy for polymer functionalization.}, language = {en} } @article{MishurovaCabezaThiedeetal.2018, author = {Mishurova, Tatiana and Cabeza, Sandra and Thiede, Tobias and Nadammal, Naresh and Kromm, Arne and Klaus, Manuela and Genzel, Christoph and Haberland, Christoph and Bruno, Giovanni}, title = {The Influence of the Support Structure on Residual Stress and Distortion in SLM Inconel 718 Parts}, series = {Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A}, volume = {49A}, journal = {Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A}, number = {7}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1073-5623}, doi = {10.1007/s11661-018-4653-9}, pages = {3038 -- 3046}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The effect of support structure and of removal from the base plate on the residual stress state in selective laser melted IN718 parts was studied by means of synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The residual stresses in subsurface region of two elongated prisms in as-built condition and after removal from the base plate were determined. One sample was directly built on a base plate and another one on a support structure. Also, the distortion on the top surface due to stress release was measured by contact profilometry. High tensile residual stress values were found, with pronounced stress gradient along the hatching direction. In the sample on support, stress redistribution took place after removal from the base plate, as opposed to simple stress relaxation for the sample without support. The sample on support structure showed larger distortion compared to sample without support. We conclude that the use of a support decreases stress values but stress-relieving heat treatments are still needed.}, language = {en} } @article{NicenboimVasishthEngelmannetal.2018, author = {Nicenboim, Bruno and Vasishth, Shravan and Engelmann, Felix and Suckow, Katja}, title = {Exploratory and confirmatory analyses in sentence processing}, series = {Cognitive science : a multidisciplinary journal of anthropology, artificial intelligence, education, linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology ; journal of the Cognitive Science Society}, volume = {42}, journal = {Cognitive science : a multidisciplinary journal of anthropology, artificial intelligence, education, linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology ; journal of the Cognitive Science Society}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0364-0213}, doi = {10.1111/cogs.12589}, pages = {1075 -- 1100}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Given the replication crisis in cognitive science, it is important to consider what researchers need to do in order to report results that are reliable. We consider three changes in current practice that have the potential to deliver more realistic and robust claims. First, the planned experiment should be divided into two stages, an exploratory stage and a confirmatory stage. This clear separation allows the researcher to check whether any results found in the exploratory stage are robust. The second change is to carry out adequately powered studies. We show that this is imperative if we want to obtain realistic estimates of effects in psycholinguistics. The third change is to use Bayesian data-analytic methods rather than frequentist ones; the Bayesian framework allows us to focus on the best estimates we can obtain of the effect, rather than rejecting a strawman null. As a case study, we investigate number interference effects in German. Number feature interference is predicted by cue-based retrieval models of sentence processing (Van Dyke \& Lewis, 2003; Vasishth \& Lewis, 2006), but it has shown inconsistent results. We show that by implementing the three changes mentioned, suggestive evidence emerges that is consistent with the predicted number interference effects.}, language = {en} } @article{WuKaiserVasishth2017, author = {Wu, Fuyun and Kaiser, Elsi and Vasishth, Shravan}, title = {Effects of early cues on the processing of chinese relative clauses}, series = {Cognitive science : a multidisciplinary journal of anthropology, artificial intelligence, education, linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology ; journal of the Cognitive Science Society}, volume = {42}, journal = {Cognitive science : a multidisciplinary journal of anthropology, artificial intelligence, education, linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology ; journal of the Cognitive Science Society}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0364-0213}, doi = {10.1111/cogs.12551}, pages = {1101 -- 1133}, year = {2017}, abstract = {We used Chinese prenominal relative clauses (RCs) to test the predictions of two competing accounts of sentence comprehension difficulty: the experience-based account of Levy () and the Dependency Locality Theory (DLT; Gibson, ). Given that in Chinese RCs, a classifier and/or a passive marker BEI can be added to the sentence-initial position, we manipulated the presence/absence of classifiers and the presence/absence of BEI, such that BEI sentences were passivized subject-extracted RCs, and no-BEI sentences were standard object-extracted RCs. We conducted two self-paced reading experiments, using the same critical stimuli but somewhat different filler items. Reading time patterns from both experiments showed facilitative effects of BEI within and beyond RC regions, and delayed facilitative effects of classifiers, suggesting that cues that occur before a clear signal of an upcoming RC can help Chinese comprehenders to anticipate RC structures. The data patterns are not predicted by the DLT, but they are consistent with the predictions of experience-based theories.}, language = {en} } @article{KubatovaSzecsiSanderetal.2019, author = {Kubatova, Brankica and Szecsi, D. and Sander, Andreas Alexander Christoph and Kubat, Jiř{\´i} and Tramper, F. and Krticka, Jiri and Kehrig, C. and Hamann, Wolf-Rainer and Hainich, Rainer and Shenar, Tomer}, title = {Low-metallicity massive single stars with rotation}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {623}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {1432-0746}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201834360}, pages = {32}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Context. Metal-poor massive stars are assumed to be progenitors of certain supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, and compact object mergers that might contribute to the early epochs of the Universe with their strong ionizing radiation. However, this assumption remains mainly theoretical because individual spectroscopic observations of such objects have rarely been carried out below the metallicity of the Small Magellanic Cloud. Aims. Here we explore the predictions of the state-of-the-art theories of stellar evolution combined with those of stellar atmospheres about a certain type of metal-poor (0.02 Z(circle dot)) hot massive stars, the chemically homogeneously evolving stars that we call Transparent Wind Ultraviolet INtense (TWUIN) stars. Methods. We computed synthetic spectra corresponding to a broad range in masses (20 130 M-circle dot) and covering several evolutionary phases from the zero-age main-sequence up to the core helium-burning stage. We investigated the influence of mass loss and wind clumping on spectral appearance and classified the spectra according to the Morgan-Keenan (MK) system. Results. We find that TWUIN stars show almost no emission lines during most of their core hydrogen-burning lifetimes. Most metal lines are completely absent, including nitrogen. During their core helium-burning stage, lines switch to emission, and even some metal lines (oxygen and carbon, but still almost no nitrogen) are detected. Mass loss and clumping play a significant role in line formation in later evolutionary phases, particularly during core helium-burning. Most of our spectra are classified as an early-O type giant or supergiant, and we find Wolf-Rayet stars of type WO in the core helium-burning phase. Conclusions. An extremely hot, early-O type star observed in a low-metallicity galaxy could be the result of chemically homogeneous evolution and might therefore be the progenitor of a long-duration gamma-ray burst or a type Ic supernova. TWUIN stars may play an important role in reionizing the Universe because they are hot without showing prominent emission lines during most of their lifetime.}, language = {en} } @article{GouletHanssensRietzeTitovetal.2018, author = {Goulet-Hanssens, Alexis and Rietze, Clemens and Titov, Evgenii and Abdullahu, Leonora and Grubert, Lutz and Saalfrank, Peter and Hecht, Stefan}, title = {Hole Catalysis as a General Mechanism for Efficient and Wavelength-Independent Z -> E Azobenzene Isomerization}, series = {CHEM}, volume = {4}, journal = {CHEM}, number = {7}, publisher = {Cell Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {2451-9294}, doi = {10.1016/j.chempr.2018.06.002}, pages = {1740 -- 1755}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Whereas the reversible reduction of azobenzenes has been known for decades, their oxidation is destructive and as a result has been notoriously overlooked. Here, we show that a chain reaction leading to quantitative Z -> E isomerization can be initiated before reaching the destructive anodic peak potential. This hole-catalyzed pathway is accessible to all azobenzenes, without exception, and offers tremendous advantages over the recently reported reductive, radical-anionic pathway because it allows for convenient chemical initiation without the need for electrochemical setups and in the presence of air. In addition, catalytic amounts of metal-free sensitizers, such as methylene blue, can be used as excited-state electron acceptors, enabling a shift of the excitation wavelength to the far red of the azobenzene absorption (up to 660 nm) and providing quantum yields exceeding unity (up to 200\%). Our approach will boost the efficiency and sensitivity of optically dense liquid-crystalline and solid photo-switchable materials.}, language = {en} } @article{KrtickaFeldmeier2018, author = {Krticka, Jiri and Feldmeier, Achim}, title = {Light variations due to the line-driven wind instability and wind blanketing in O stars}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {617}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {1432-0746}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201731614}, pages = {7}, year = {2018}, abstract = {A small fraction of the radiative flux emitted by hot stars is absorbed by their winds and redistributed towards longer wavelengths. This effect, which leads also to the heating of the stellar photosphere, is termed wind blanketing. For stars with variable winds, the effect of wind blanketing may lead to the photometric variability. We have studied the consequences of line driven wind instability and wind blanketing for the light variability of O stars. We combined the results of wind hydrodynamic simulations and of global wind models to predict the light variability of hot stars due to the wind blanketing and instability. The wind instability causes stochastic light variability with amplitude of the order of tens of millimagnitudes and a typical timescale of the order of hours for spatially coherent wind structure. The amplitude is of the order of millimagnitudes when assuming that the wind consists of large number of independent concentric cones. The variability with such amplitude is observable using present space borne photometers. We show that the simulated light curve is similar to the light curves of O stars obtained using BRITE and CoRoT satellites.}, language = {en} } @article{VerissimoHeyerJacobetal.2018, author = {Verissimo, Joao Marques and Heyer, Vera and Jacob, Gunnar and Clahsen, Harald}, title = {Selective effects of age of acquisition on morphological priming}, series = {Language acquisition : a journal of developmental linguistics}, volume = {25}, journal = {Language acquisition : a journal of developmental linguistics}, number = {3}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1048-9223}, doi = {10.1080/10489223.2017.1346104}, pages = {315 -- 326}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Is there an ideal time window for language acquisition after which nativelike representation and processing are unattainable? Although this question has been heavily debated, no consensus has been reached. Here, we present evidence for a sensitive period in language development and show that it is specific to grammar. We conducted a masked priming task with a group of Turkish-German bilinguals and examined age of acquisition (AoA) effects on the processing of complex words. We compared a subtle but meaningful linguistic contrast, that between grammatical inflection and lexical-based derivation. The results showed a highly selective AoA effect on inflectional (but not derivational) priming. In addition, the effect displayed a discontinuity indicative of a sensitive period: Priming from inflected forms was nativelike when acquisition started before the age of 5 but declined with increasing AoA. We conclude that the acquisition of morphological rules expressing morphosyntactic properties is constrained by maturational factors.}, language = {en} } @article{GonzalezFortesTassiTrucchietal.2019, author = {Gonzalez-Fortes, Gloria M. and Tassi, F. and Trucchi, E. and Henneberger, K. and Paijmans, Johanna L. A. and Diez-del-Molino, D. and Schroeder, H. and Susca, R. R. and Barroso-Ruiz, C. and Bermudez, F. J. and Barroso-Medina, C. and Bettencourt, A. M. S. and Sampaio, H. A. and Salas, A. and de Lombera-Hermida, A. and Fabregas Valcarce, Ram{\´o}n and Vaquero, M. and Alonso, S. and Lozano, Marina and Rodriguez-Alvarez, Xose Pedro and Fernandez-Rodriguez, C. and Manica, Andrea and Hofreiter, Michael and Barbujani, Guido}, title = {A western route of prehistoric human migration from Africa into the Iberian Peninsula}, series = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences}, volume = {286}, journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences}, number = {1895}, publisher = {Royal Society}, address = {London}, issn = {0962-8452}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2018.2288}, pages = {10}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Being at the western fringe of Europe, Iberia had a peculiar prehistory and a complex pattern of Neolithization. A few studies, all based on modern populations, reported the presence of DNA of likely African origin in this region, generally concluding it was the result of recent gene flow, probably during the Islamic period. Here, we provide evidence of much older gene flow from Africa to Iberia by sequencing whole genomes from four human remains from northern Portugal and southern Spain dated around 4000 years BP (from the Middle Neolithic to the Bronze Age). We found one of them to carry an unequivocal sub-Saharan mitogenome of most probably West or West-Central African origin, to our knowledge never reported before in prehistoric remains outside Africa. Our analyses of ancient nuclear genomes show small but significant levels of sub-Saharan African affinity in several ancient Iberian samples, which indicates that what we detected was not an occasional individual phenomenon, but an admixture event recognizable at the population level. We interpret this result as evidence of an early migration process from Africa into the Iberian Peninsula through a western route, possibly across the Strait of Gibraltar.}, language = {en} } @misc{BarlowShengLaietal.2018, author = {Barlow, Axel and Sheng, Gui-Lian and Lai, Xu-Long and Hofreiter, Michael and Paijmans, Johanna L. A.}, title = {Once lost, twice found: Combined analysis of ancient giant panda sequences characterises extinct clade}, series = {Journal of biogeography}, volume = {46}, journal = {Journal of biogeography}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0305-0270}, doi = {10.1111/jbi.13486}, pages = {251 -- 253}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @article{WusterChirioTrapeetal.2018, author = {Wuster, Wolfgang and Chirio, Laurent and Trape, Jean-Francois and Ineich, Ivan and Jackson, Kate and Greenbaum, Eli and Barron, Cesar and Kusamba, Chifundera and Nagy, Zoltan T. and Storey, Richard and Hall, Cara and Wuster, Catharine E. and Barlow, Axel and Broadley, Donald G.}, title = {Integration of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences and morphology reveals unexpected diversity in the forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca) species complex in Central and West Africa (Serpentes: Elapidae)}, series = {Zootaxa : an international journal of zootaxonomy ; a rapid international journal for animal taxonomists}, volume = {4455}, journal = {Zootaxa : an international journal of zootaxonomy ; a rapid international journal for animal taxonomists}, number = {1}, publisher = {Magnolia Press}, address = {Auckland}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4455.1.3}, pages = {68 -- 98}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Cobras are among the most widely known venomous snakes, and yet their taxonomy remains incompletely understood, particularly in Africa. Here, we use a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences and morphological data to diagnose species limits within the African forest cobra, Naja (Boulengerina) melanoleuca. Mitochondrial DNA sequences reveal deep divergences within this taxon. Congruent patterns of variation in mtDNA, nuclear genes and morphology support the recognition of five separate species, confirming the species status of N. subfulva and N. peroescobari, and revealing two previously unnamed West African species, which are described as new: Naja (Boulengerina) guineensis sp. nov. Broadley, Trape, Chirio, Ineich \& Wuster, from the Upper Guinea forest of West Africa, and Naja (Boulengerina) savannula sp. nov. Broadley, Trape, Chirio \& Wuster, a banded form from the savanna-forest mosaic of the Guinea and Sudanian savannas of West Africa. The discovery of cryptic diversity in this iconic group highlights our limited understanding of tropical African biodiversity, hindering our ability to conserve it effectively.}, language = {en} } @article{WangWangWangetal.2020, author = {Wang, Hao and Wang, Xuejiang and Wang, Weishi and Su, Yinglong and Zhao, Jianfu}, title = {Reuse of a phosphorus recovery product (struvite/palygorskite) from nutrient wastewater for copper remediation in aqueous solution and soil}, series = {Geoderma : an international journal of soil science}, volume = {357}, journal = {Geoderma : an international journal of soil science}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, issn = {0016-7061}, doi = {10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.113955}, pages = {10}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In this study, a phosphorus recovery product, struvite palygorskite (S-PAL), obtained from nutrient-rich wastewater by using MgO modified palygorskite was applied for copper remediation in aqueous solution and contaminated soil to achieve waste recycling. The effects of contact time, initial pH, initial Cu(II) concentration and reaction temperature on Cu(II) adsorption in aqueous solution were intensively testified. Pseudo-second-order model was able to properly describe Cu(II) adsorption kinetics by using palygorskite (PAL) and S-PAL, and S-PAL exhibited higher adsorption amount (106.27 mg/g) than PAL (8.46 mg/g) at pH of 4. Cu(II) adsorption on PAL and S-PAL could be well fitted by Freundlich isotherm and Langmuir isotherm, respectively. The calculated thermodynamic parameters indicated that Cu(II) adsorption onto PAL and S-PAL were spontaneous and endothermic. A 28-day soil incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of PAL and S-PAL with three different rates (1\%, 5\% and 10\% w/w) on Cu immobilization in contaminated soil. In the immobilization test, Cu extracted by 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 after seven days incubation significantly decreased with increasing rate of PAL and S-PAL. BCR sequential extraction results showed the significant decrease of acid soluble Cu and a concomitant increase of the residual fraction of Cu after S-PAL and PAL addition. XRD patterns of soil samples after treatment by PAL and S-PAL showed the formation of Cu0.6Mg1.3Si2O6 and Cu-3.04(PO4)(2)OH0.08 center dot 2H(2)O, which indicated that silanol groups and phosphate exhibited affinity for Cu in the soil.}, language = {en} } @article{WeilbacherMonrealIberoVerhammeetal.2018, author = {Weilbacher, Peter Michael and Monreal-Ibero, Ana and Verhamme, Anne and Sandin, Christer and Steinmetz, Matthias and Kollatschny, Wolfram and Krajnovic, Davor and Kamann, Sebastian and Roth, Martin M. and Erroz-Ferrer, Santiago and Marino, Raffaella Anna and Maseda, Michael V. and Wendt, Martin and Bacon, Roland and Dreizler, Stefan and Richard, Johan and Wisotzki, Lutz}, title = {Lyman-continuum leakage as dominant source of diffuse ionized gas in the Antennae galaxy}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {611}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {1432-0746}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201731669}, pages = {17}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The Antennae galaxy (NGC 4038/39) is the closest major interacting galaxy system and is therefore often studied as a merger prototype. We present the first comprehensive integral field spectroscopic dataset of this system, observed with the MUSE instrument at the ESO VLT. We cover the two regions in this system which exhibit recent star formation: the central galaxy interaction and a region near the tip of the southern tidal tail. In these fields, we detect H II regions and diffuse ionized gas to unprecedented depth. About 15\% of the ionized gas was undetected by previous observing campaigns. This newly detected faint ionized gas is visible everywhere around the central merger, and shows filamentary structure. We estimate diffuse gas fractions of about 60\% in the central field and 10\% in the southern region. We are able to show that the southern region contains a significantly different population of H II regions, showing fainter luminosities. By comparing H II region luminosities with the HST catalog of young star clusters in the central field, we estimate that there is enough Lyman-continuum leakage in the merger to explain the amount of diffuse ionized gas that we detect. We compare the Lyman-continuum escape fraction of each H II region against emission line ratios that are sensitive to the ionization parameter. While we find no systematic trend between these properties, the most extreme line ratios seem to be strong indicators of density bounded ionization. Extrapolating the Lyman-continuum escape fractions to the southern region, we conclude that simply from the comparison of the young stellar populations to the ionized gas there is no need to invoke other ionization mechanisms than Lyman-continuum leaking H II regions for the diffuse ionized gas in the Antennae.}, language = {en} } @article{Gronau2020, author = {Gronau, Norbert}, title = {Fabriksoftware}, series = {Fabriksoftware : die digitale Fabrik realisieren}, volume = {25}, journal = {Fabriksoftware : die digitale Fabrik realisieren}, number = {2}, publisher = {GITO}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2569-7692}, doi = {10.30844/FS20-2_17-20}, pages = {17 -- 20}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Immer mehr Konzepte versprechen die Digitale Fabrik, die Industrie 4.0-Fabrik, die Smart Factory usw. Allen ist gemeinsam, dass dahinter der erheblich ausgeweitete Einsatz von vernetzter Software steht. Allein der Begriff Fabriksoftware selbst ist noch nicht definiert bzw. gegen{\"u}ber nahestehenden Begriffen abgegrenzt. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt dazu einen f{\"u}r Forschung und Praxis tauglichen Ansatz zur Einordnung von Software in Fertigung und Logistik vor.}, language = {de} } @article{DeneckeHounnon2021, author = {Denecke, Klaus-Dieter and Hounnon, Hippolyte}, title = {Partial Menger algebras of terms}, series = {Asian-European journal of mathematics}, volume = {14}, journal = {Asian-European journal of mathematics}, number = {06}, publisher = {World Scientific}, address = {Singapore}, issn = {1793-5571}, doi = {10.1142/S1793557121500923}, pages = {14}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The superposition operation S-n,S-A, n >= 1, n is an element of N, maps to each (n + 1)-tuple of n-ary operations on a set A an n-ary operation on A and satisfies the so-called superassociative law, a generalization of the associative law. The corresponding algebraic structures are Menger algebras of rank n. A partial algebra of type (n + 1) which satisfies the superassociative law as weak identity is said to be a partial Menger algebra of rank n. As a generalization of linear terms we define r-terms as terms where each variable occurs at most r-times. It will be proved that n-ary r-terms form partial Menger algebras of rank n. In this paper, some algebraic properties of partial Menger algebras such as generating systems, homomorphic images and freeness are investigated. As generalization of hypersubstitutions and linear hypersubstitutions we consider r-hypersubstitutions.U}, language = {en} } @article{TeerlingBernholtAsseburgetal.2019, author = {Teerling, Annika and Bernholt, Andrea and Asseburg, Regine and Hasl, Andrea and Igler, Jennifer and Schlitter, Theresa and Ohle-Peters, Annika and McElvany, Nele and K{\"o}ller, Olaf}, title = {Affektiv-kognitive Auseinandersetzung mit einer Innovation im Implementationsprozess}, series = {Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Forschung und Praxis}, volume = {66}, journal = {Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Forschung und Praxis}, number = {1}, publisher = {Reinhardt}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {0342-183X}, doi = {10.2378/peu2018.art21d}, pages = {33 -- 50}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Schulische und vor allem unterrichtliche Implementationsprozesse zielen zumeist auf die Professionalisierung der Lehrkr{\"a}fte ab. Die intendierte Ver{\"a}nderung des Unterrichts beginnt dabei mit einer gew{\"u}nschten Ver{\"a}nderung von Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen der Lehrkr{\"a}fte, welche erst zu einer ver{\"a}nderten Handlungsroutine in der Arbeitspraxis f{\"u}hren kann. Das Modell der Stages of Concern von Hall und Hord (2006) stellt eine der wenigen M{\"o}glichkeiten dar, die individuelle Perspektive der Lehrkr{\"a}fte im Implementationsprozess modellbasiert und standardisiert zu untersuchen. Der vorliegende Beitrag betrachtet anhand dieses Modells die affektiv-kognitive Auseinandersetzung der Beteiligten im Implementationsprozess sowie deren Zusammenh{\"a}nge mit verschiedenen Aspekten der Kommunikation und der wahrgenommenen Entwicklung. Auf Basis einer Stichprobe von N = 66 Lehrkr{\"a}ften kann dabei gezeigt werden, dass insbesondere die Aspekte H{\"a}ufigkeit der Kooperation, Kommunikation im Kollegium und Erfahrungen im Team die affektiv-kognitive Auseinandersetzung vorhersagen. Diese Auseinandersetzung - insbesondere mit den Konsequenzen der Neuerung - bedingt wiederum die wahrgenommene Entwicklung im Implementationsprozess.}, language = {de} } @article{Neitzel2017, author = {Neitzel, S{\"o}nke}, title = {Rezension zu: Chiari, Bernhard: Die Bundeswehr als Zauberlehrling der Politik? Der ISAF-Einsatz und das Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT)Kunduz 2003 bis 2012. - In: Militaergeschichtliche Zeitschrift MGZ. - 72 (2013), 2, S. 317-351; https://doi.org/10.1515/mgzs-2013-0013}, series = {Milit{\"a}rgeschichtliche Zeitschrift}, volume = {76}, journal = {Milit{\"a}rgeschichtliche Zeitschrift}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2193-2336}, doi = {10.1515/mgzs-2017-0166}, pages = {160 -- 167}, year = {2017}, language = {de} } @article{Ungelenk2019, author = {Ungelenk, Johannes}, title = {Ber{\"u}hrung ber{\"u}hren - Begreifen verboten}, series = {Komparatistik Online}, volume = {2019}, journal = {Komparatistik Online}, number = {1}, publisher = {Bachmann}, address = {Bochum}, issn = {1865-9195}, pages = {34 -- 55}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Der Artikel arbeitet an Platons Gastmahl ein semantisches Netz rund um das Konzept des ‚Ber{\"u}hrens' heraus. Dabei bildet das Verb ἅπτομαι ein zentrales Relais, das zwischen dem vieldiskutierten ‚philosophischen Gehalt' des Textes und der in ihrem performativen Beitrag meist untersch{\"a}tzten Rahmenhandlung vermittelt. Im Nachvollzug der Konstellationen des Ber{\"u}hrens zeigt sich, dass dem Ber{\"u}hren, als Ber{\"u}hren, nicht begrifflich beizukommen ist - es entzieht sich dem aneignenden Zugriff. Ber{\"u}hren ist eben nicht Begriff. Deshalb muss sich das Gastmahl der Ber{\"u}hrung auf andere Weise n{\"a}hern, n{\"a}mlich ber{\"u}hrend - wof{\"u}r die narratologische Konstruktion des Textes von entscheidender Wichtigkeit ist. Er praktiziert Philo-Logie, d.h. nutzt die Macht der Worte, die genau daraus entsteht, dass sie in einer sehr pr{\"a}zisen Weise zwischen den Beteiligten aus einer konstitutiven Distanz heraus wirken.}, language = {de} } @article{SteuerGrossSelbigetal.2006, author = {Steuer, Ralf and Gross, Thilo and Selbig, Joachim and Blasius, Bernd}, title = {Structural kinetic modeling of metabolic networks}, series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {103}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {32}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.0600013103}, pages = {11868 -- 11873}, year = {2006}, abstract = {To develop and investigate detailed mathematical models of metabolic processes is one of the primary challenges in systems biology. However, despite considerable advance in the topological analysis of metabolic networks, kinetic modeling is still often severely hampered by inadequate knowledge of the enzyme-kinetic rate laws and their associated parameter values. Here we propose a method that aims to give a quantitative account of the dynamical capabilities of a metabolic system, without requiring any explicit information about the functional form of the rate equations. Our approach is based on constructing a local linear model at each point in parameter space, such that each element of the model is either directly experimentally accessible or amenable to a straightforward biochemical interpretation. This ensemble of local linear models, encompassing all possible explicit kinetic models, then allows for a statistical exploration of the comprehensive parameter space. The method is exemplified on two paradigmatic metabolic systems: the glycolytic pathway of yeast and a realistic-scale representation of the photosynthetic Calvin cycle.}, language = {en} } @article{RosenblumFruehwirthMoseretal.2019, author = {Rosenblum, Michael and Fr{\"u}hwirth, Martha and Moser, Maximilian and Pikovskij, Arkadij}, title = {Dynamical disentanglement in an analysis of oscillatory systems: an application to respiratory sinus arrhythmia}, series = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A : Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences}, volume = {377}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A : Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences}, number = {2160}, publisher = {Royal Society}, address = {London}, issn = {1364-503X}, doi = {10.1098/rsta.2019.0045}, pages = {14}, year = {2019}, abstract = {We develop a technique for the multivariate data analysis of perturbed self-sustained oscillators. The approach is based on the reconstruction of the phase dynamics model from observations and on a subsequent exploration of this model. For the system, driven by several inputs, we suggest a dynamical disentanglement procedure, allowing us to reconstruct the variability of the system's output that is due to a particular observed input, or, alternatively, to reconstruct the variability which is caused by all the inputs except for the observed one. We focus on the application of the method to the vagal component of the heart rate variability caused by a respiratory influence. We develop an algorithm that extracts purely respiratory-related variability, using a respiratory trace and times of R-peaks in the electrocardiogram. The algorithm can be applied to other systems where the observed bivariate data can be represented as a point process and a slow continuous signal, e.g. for the analysis of neuronal spiking. This article is part of the theme issue 'Coupling functions: dynamical interaction mechanisms in the physical, biological and social sciences'.}, language = {en} } @article{RosenblumPikovskij2019, author = {Rosenblum, Michael and Pikovskij, Arkadij}, title = {Nonlinear phase coupling functions: a numerical study}, series = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A : Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences}, volume = {377}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A : Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences}, number = {2160}, publisher = {Royal Society}, address = {London}, issn = {1364-503X}, doi = {10.1098/rsta.2019.0093}, pages = {12}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Phase reduction is a general tool widely used to describe forced and interacting self-sustained oscillators. Here, we explore the phase coupling functions beyond the usual first-order approximation in the strength of the force. Taking the periodically forced Stuart-Landau oscillator as the paradigmatic model, we determine and numerically analyse the coupling functions up to the fourth order in the force strength. We show that the found nonlinear phase coupling functions can be used for predicting synchronization regions of the forced oscillator.}, language = {en} } @article{CaselDreierFernauetal.2020, author = {Casel, Katrin and Dreier, Jan and Fernau, Henning and Gobbert, Moritz and Kuinke, Philipp and Villaamil, Fernando S{\´a}nchez and Schmid, Markus L. and van Leeuwen, Erik Jan}, title = {Complexity of independency and cliquy trees}, series = {Discrete applied mathematics}, volume = {272}, journal = {Discrete applied mathematics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, issn = {0166-218X}, doi = {10.1016/j.dam.2018.08.011}, pages = {2 -- 15}, year = {2020}, abstract = {An independency (cliquy) tree of an n-vertex graph G is a spanning tree of G in which the set of leaves induces an independent set (clique). We study the problems of minimizing or maximizing the number of leaves of such trees, and fully characterize their parameterized complexity. We show that all four variants of deciding if an independency/cliquy tree with at least/most l leaves exists parameterized by l are either Para-NP- or W[1]-hard. We prove that minimizing the number of leaves of a cliquy tree parameterized by the number of internal vertices is Para-NP-hard too. However, we show that minimizing the number of leaves of an independency tree parameterized by the number k of internal vertices has an O*(4(k))-time algorithm and a 2k vertex kernel. Moreover, we prove that maximizing the number of leaves of an independency/cliquy tree parameterized by the number k of internal vertices both have an O*(18(k))-time algorithm and an O(k 2(k)) vertex kernel, but no polynomial kernel unless the polynomial hierarchy collapses to the third level. Finally, we present an O(3(n) . f(n))-time algorithm to find a spanning tree where the leaf set has a property that can be decided in f (n) time and has minimum or maximum size.}, language = {en} } @article{SchickSeyedhosseini2021, author = {Schick, Thomas and Seyedhosseini, Mehran}, title = {On an index theorem of Chang, Weinberger and Yu}, series = {M{\"u}nster journal of mathematics}, volume = {14}, journal = {M{\"u}nster journal of mathematics}, number = {1}, publisher = {WWU, Fachbereich Mathematik und Informatik}, address = {M{\"u}nster}, issn = {1867-5778}, doi = {10.17879/59019522628}, pages = {123 -- 154}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In this paper we prove a strengthening of a theorem of Chang, Weinberger and Yu on obstructions to the existence of positive scalar curvature metrics on compact manifolds with boundary. They construct a relative index for the Dirac operator, which lives in a relative K-theory group, measuring the difference between the fundamental group of the boundary and of the full manifold. Whenever the Riemannian metric has product structure and positive scalar curvature near the boundary, one can define an absolute index of the Dirac operator taking value in the K-theory of the C*-algebra of fundamental group of the full manifold. This index depends on the metric near the boundary. We prove that (a slight variation of) the relative index of Chang, Weinberger and Yu is the image of this absolute index under the canonical map of K-theory groups. This has the immediate corollary that positive scalar curvature on the whole manifold implies vanishing of the relative index, giving a conceptual and direct proof of the vanishing theorem of Chang, Weinberger and Yu (rather: a slight variation). To take the fundamental groups of the manifold and its boundary into account requires working with maximal C*-completions of the involved *-algebras. A significant part of this paper is devoted to foundational results regarding these completions. On the other hand, we introduce and propose a more conceptual and more geometric completion, which still has all the required functoriality.}, language = {en} } @article{SeuffertWintzheimerOppmannetal.2020, author = {Seuffert, Marcel T. and Wintzheimer, Susanne and Oppmann, Maximilian and Granath, Tim and Prieschl, Johannes and Alrefai, Anas and Holdt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and M{\"u}ller-Buschbaum, Klaus and Mandel, Karl}, title = {An all white magnet by combination of electronic properties of a white light emitting MOF with strong magnetic particle systems}, series = {Journal of materials chemistry : C, Materials for optical and electronic devices}, volume = {8}, journal = {Journal of materials chemistry : C, Materials for optical and electronic devices}, number = {45}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {2050-7526}, doi = {10.1039/d0tc03473h}, pages = {16010 -- 16017}, year = {2020}, abstract = {A multi-component particle system was developed that combines the properties of white color, white light emission and strong magnetism on the macroscopic and microscopic scale. The system is constituted by combination of an inorganic white core with either hard or soft magnetic properties and a white light emitting MOF. The key towards this achievement is the supraparticulate character constituted by a magnetic core, of either magnetite or alpha-Fe, surrounded by titania and silica nanoparticles of a certain size in a loose structural shell-arrangement as white components and finally the white light emitting metal-organic framework (MOF) EuTb@IFP-1 as building blocks of a core-shell structure. The supraparticles are created by forced assembly of the inorganic compounds and by combining spray-drying and postsynthetic modification by solvothermal chemistry. Thereby, the gap is bridged that homogenous compounds are either strongly magnetic, white in appearance or white light emitting. The composites presented herein inherit these properties intrinsically as electronic properties. The white characteristics are based on all optical properties that enable white: light reflection, refraction, and light emission. This work shifts the paradigm that strong magnetic materials are always expected to be intrinsically dark.}, language = {en} } @article{DinevaVermaGonzalezManriqueetal.2020, author = {Dineva, Ekaterina Ivanova and Verma, Meetu and Gonzalez Manrique, Sergio Javier and Schwartz, Pavol and Denker, Carsten}, title = {Cloud model inversions of strong chromospheric absorption lines using principal component analysis}, series = {Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes}, volume = {341}, journal = {Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH Verl.}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0004-6337}, doi = {10.1002/asna.202013652}, pages = {64 -- 78}, year = {2020}, abstract = {High-resolution spectroscopy of strong chromospheric absorption lines delivers nowadays several millions of spectra per observing day, when using fast scanning devices to cover large regions on the solar surface. Therefore, fast and robust inversion schemes are needed to explore the large data volume. Cloud model (CM) inversions of the chromospheric H alpha line are commonly employed to investigate various solar features including filaments, prominences, surges, jets, mottles, and (macro-) spicules. The choice of the CM was governed by its intuitive description of complex chromospheric structures as clouds suspended above the solar surface by magnetic fields. This study is based on observations of active region NOAA 11126 in H alpha, which were obtained November 18-23, 2010 with the echelle spectrograph of the vacuum tower telescope at the Observatorio del Teide, Spain. Principal component analysis reduces the dimensionality of spectra and conditions noise-stripped spectra for CM inversions. Modeled H alpha intensity and contrast profiles as well as CM parameters are collected in a database, which facilitates efficient processing of the observed spectra. Physical maps are computed representing the line-core and continuum intensity, absolute contrast, equivalent width, and Doppler velocities, among others. Noise-free spectra expedite the analysis of bisectors. The data processing is evaluated in the context of "big data," in particular with respect to automatic classification of spectra.}, language = {en} } @article{Juchler2020, author = {Juchler, Ingo}, title = {„Aber gehn Sie ins Theater, ich rat es Ihnen!"}, series = {Politisches Lernen}, volume = {38}, journal = {Politisches Lernen}, number = {1+2}, publisher = {Barbara Budrich}, address = {Leverkusen-Opladen}, issn = {0937-2946}, pages = {32 -- 35}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In der Ausgabe Politisches Lernen 1-2|2019 setzte sich Kurt P. Tudyka mit dem Verh{\"a}ltnis von Theater und Politik auseinander. Er gelangte zu dem ern{\"u}chternden Res{\"u}mee: „Der Anspruch, Theater sei die Schule der Nation, - soweit er {\"u}berhaupt noch besteht -, m{\"u}sste aufgegeben werden." (S. 32) In Tudykas Einf{\"u}hrung hieß es bereits: „Eine politisierende Wirkung auf das Publikum wird bestritten." (S. 30) Vor diesem Hintergrund k{\"o}nnte bei Lehrerinnen und Lehrern der Politischen Bildung der Eindruck entstehen, ein Besuch im Theater mit Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}lern sei didaktisch nicht sinnvoll. Dagegen wird im folgenden Beitrag die Auffassung vertreten, dass ein Theaterbesuch mit den Lernenden durchaus mit Erkenntnisgewinnen, seien sie politisch oder {\"u}ber das Politische hinausweisend, verbunden sein kann. Der Beitrag stellt eine gek{\"u}rzte Fassung des Textes „Theater und politische Bildung" dar, der in Markus Gloe / Tonio Oeftering (Hrsg.): Politische Bildung meets Kulturelle Bildung, Baden-Baden (Nomos) 2020, erscheinen wird.}, language = {de} } @misc{Stehle2021, author = {Stehle, Fee}, title = {Rezension zu: Jordan, Andrew; Huitema, Dave; Asselt Harro van; Foster, Johanna (eds.): Governing climate change: polycentricity in action? - Cambridge ; New York, NY ; Port Melbourne : Cambridge University Press, 2018. - xv, 389 S. - ISBN 978-1-108-41812-6}, series = {Global environmental politics}, volume = {21}, journal = {Global environmental politics}, number = {1}, publisher = {MIT Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1536-0091}, doi = {10.1162/glep_r_00596}, pages = {157 -- 159}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{IlievaWrohlich2022, author = {Ilieva, Boryana and Wrohlich, Katharina}, title = {Gender gaps in employment, working hours and wages in Germany}, series = {CESifo forum}, volume = {23}, journal = {CESifo forum}, number = {2}, publisher = {Ifo}, address = {Munich}, issn = {2190-717X}, pages = {17 -- 19}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{GrunerHainichSanderetal.2018, author = {Gruner, David and Hainich, Rainer and Sander, Andreas Alexander Christoph and Shenar, Tomer and Todt, Helge Tobias and Oskinova, Lida and Ramachandran, Varsha and Ayres, T. and Hamann, Wolf-Rainer}, title = {The extreme O-type spectroscopic binary HD 93129A A quantitative, multiwavelength analysis}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {621}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {1432-0746}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201833178}, pages = {16}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Context. HD 93129A was classified as the earliest O-type star in the Galaxy (O2 If*) and is considered as the prototype of its spectral class. However, interferometry shows that this object is a binary system, while recent observations even suggest a triple configuration. None of the previous spectral analyses of this object accounted for its multiplicity. With new high-resolution UV and optical spectra, we have the possibility to reanalyze this key object, taking its binary nature into account for the first time. Aims. We aim to derive the fundamental parameters and the evolutionary status of HD 93129A, identifying the contributions of both components to the composite spectrum Results. Despite the similar spectral types of the two components, we are able to find signatures from each of the components in the combined spectrum, which allows us to estimate the parameters of both stars. We derive log(L/L-circle dot) = 6.15, T-eff = 52 kK, and log (M)over dot = -4.7[M-circle dot yr(-1)] for the primary Aa, and log(L/L-circle dot) = 5.58, T-eff = 45 kK, and log (M)over dot = -5.8 [M(circle dot)yr(-1)] for the secondary Ab. Conclusions. Even when accounting for the binary nature, the primary of HD 93129A is found to be one of the hottest and most luminous O stars in our Galaxy. Based on the theoretical decomposition of the spectra, we assign spectral types O2 If* and O3 III(f*) to components Aa and Ab, respectively. While we achieve a good fit for a wide spectral range, specific spectral features are not fully reproduced. The data are not sufficient to identify contributions from a hypothetical third component in the system.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchenkeSchjeidePuescheletal.2021, author = {Schenke, Maren and Schjeide, Brit-Maren and P{\"u}schel, Gerhard Paul and Seeger, Bettina}, title = {Serotype-specific sensitivity to Botulinum neurotoxins of iPSC-derived motor neurons}, series = {Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology}, volume = {394}, booktitle = {Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology}, number = {Suppl. 1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg}, issn = {0028-1298}, doi = {10.1007/s00210-021-02066-6}, pages = {S4 -- S4}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{RamachandranHamannHainichetal.2018, author = {Ramachandran, Varsha and Hamann, Wolf-Rainer and Hainich, Rainer and Oskinova, Lida and Shenar, Tomer and Sander, Andreas Alexander Christoph and Todt, Helge Tobias and Gallagher, John S.}, title = {Stellar population of the superbubble N206 in the LMC II. Parameters of the OB and WR stars, and the total massive star feedback}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {615}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {1432-0746}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201832816}, pages = {72}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Context. Clusters or associations of early-type stars are often associated with a "superbubble" of hot gas. The formation of such superbubbles is caused by the feedback from massive stars. The complex N206 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) exhibits a superbubble and a rich massive star population. Aims. Our goal is to perform quantitative spectral analyses of all massive stars associated with the N206 superbubble in order to determine their stellar and wind parameters. We compare the superbubble energy budget to the stellar energy input and discuss the star formation history of the region. Results. We present the stellar and wind parameters of the OB stars and the two Wolf-Rayet (WR) binaries in the N206 complex. Twelve percent of the sample show Oe/Be type emission lines, although most of them appear to rotate far below critical. We found eight runaway stars based on their radial velocity. The wind-momentum luminosity relation of our OB sample is consistent with the expectations. The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD) of the OB stars reveals a large age spread (1-30 Myr), suggesting different episodes of star formation in the complex. The youngest stars are concentrated in the inner part of the complex, while the older OB stars are scattered over outer regions. We derived the present day mass function for the entire N206 complex as well as for the cluster NGC2018. The total ionizing photon flux produced by all massive stars in the N206 complex is Q(0) approximate to 5 x 10(50) s(-1), and the mechanical luminosity of their stellar winds amounts to L-mec = 1.7 x 10(38) erg s(-1). Three very massive Of stars are found to dominate the feedback among 164 OB stars in the sample. The two WR winds alone release about as much mechanical luminosity as the whole OB star sample. The cumulative mechanical feedback from all massive stellar winds is comparable to the combined mechanical energy of the supernova explosions that likely occurred in the complex. Accounting also for the WR wind and supernovae, the mechanical input over the last five Myr is approximate to 2.3 x 10(52) erg. Conclusions. The N206 complex in the LMC has undergone star formation episodes since more than 30 Myr ago. From the spectral analyses of its massive star population, we derive a current star formation rate of 2.2 x 10(-3) M-circle dot yr(-1). From the combined input of mechanical energy from all stellar winds, only a minor fraction is emitted in the form of X-rays. The corresponding input accumulated over a long time also exceeds the current energy content of the complex by more than a factor of five. The morphology of the complex suggests a leakage of hot gas from the superbubble.}, language = {en} } @article{HuttenlauchFeldhausenBraun2018, author = {Huttenlauch, Clara and Feldhausen, Ingo and Braun, Bettina}, title = {The purpose shapes the vocative}, series = {Journal of the International Phonetic Association}, volume = {48}, journal = {Journal of the International Phonetic Association}, number = {1}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {0025-1003}, doi = {10.1017/S0025100317000597}, pages = {33 -- 56}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The question of whether intonation contours directly signal meaning is an old one. We revisit this question using vocatives in Colombian Spanish (Bogot{\´a}). We recorded speakers' productions in three pragmatic conditions - greeting, confirmation-seeking, and reprimand - and compared proper names (vocatives) to situation-specific one-word utterances, such as !'Hola! 'Hello' (non-vocatives). Intonational analyses showed no direct one-to-one correspondence between the pragmatic conditions and intonation contours: (a) for vocatives, e.g. a rising-falling contour occurred in both greetings and reprimands; and (b) for non-vocatives, e.g. a step-down contour (a.k.a. calling contour) occurred in both greeting and confirmation-seeking conditions. Looking beyond intonation to consider other phonetic variables - spectral tilt, duration, alignment of tonal targets, f0-range, f0-slope - the results showed that the intonation contours that occurred in more than one pragmatic condition differed in phonetic realisation, e.g. rising-falling vocatives showed differences in f0-range of the rise and spectral tilt. However, the corresponding non-vocatives did not show the same differences. Furthermore, vocatives in greeting contexts were realised differently from non-vocatives in greeting contexts. In sum, the pragmatic condition affects the prosodic realisation of (non-)vocatives, but the relationship is complex. The results are discussed in the light of prosodic constructions, leading to the conclusion that the prosodic realisation of vocatives and non-vocatives in Bogot{\´a} Colombian Spanish cannot be easily modelled by prosodic constructions.}, language = {en} } @article{LagoNamystJaegeretal.2019, author = {Lago, Sol and Namyst, Anna and J{\"a}ger, Lena Ann and Lau, Ellen}, title = {Antecedent access mechanisms in pronoun processing}, series = {Language, cognition and neuroscience}, volume = {34}, journal = {Language, cognition and neuroscience}, number = {5}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {2327-3798}, doi = {10.1080/23273798.2019.1566561}, pages = {641 -- 661}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Previous cross-modal priming studies showed that lexical decisions to words after a pronoun were facilitated when these words were semantically related to the pronoun's antecedent. These studies suggested that semantic priming effectively measured antecedent retrieval during coreference. We examined whether these effects extended to implicit reading comprehension using the N400 response. The results of three experiments did not yield strong evidence of semantic facilitation due to coreference. Further, the comparison with two additional experiments showed that N400 facilitation effects were reduced in sentences (vs. word pair paradigms) and were modulated by the case morphology of the prime word. We propose that priming effects in cross-modal experiments may have resulted from task-related strategies. More generally, the impact of sentence context and morphological information on priming effects suggests that they may depend on the extent to which the upcoming input is predicted, rather than automatic spreading activation between semantically related words.}, language = {en} } @article{DereudreRoelly2017, author = {Dereudre, David and Roelly, Sylvie}, title = {Path-dependent infinite-dimensional SDE with non-regular drift}, series = {Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincar{\´e} : B, Probability and statistics}, volume = {53}, journal = {Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincar{\´e} : B, Probability and statistics}, number = {2}, publisher = {Inst. of Mathematical Statistics}, address = {Bethesda}, issn = {0246-0203}, doi = {10.1214/15-AIHP728}, pages = {641 -- 657}, year = {2017}, abstract = {We establish in this paper the existence of weak solutions of infinite-dimensional shift invariant stochastic differential equations driven by a Brownian term. The drift function is very general, in the sense that it is supposed to be neither bounded or continuous, nor Markov. On the initial law we only assume that it admits a finite specific entropy and a finite second moment. The originality of our method leads in the use of the specific entropy as a tightness tool and in the description of such infinite-dimensional stochastic process as solution of a variational problem on the path space. Our result clearly improves previous ones obtained for free dynamics with bounded drift.}, language = {en} } @article{Dosdall2018, author = {Dosdall, Henrik}, title = {Organisationsversagen und NSU-Ermittlungen}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie}, volume = {47}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie}, number = {6}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0340-1804}, doi = {10.1515/zfsoz-2018-0125}, pages = {402 -- 417}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Der vorliegende Artikel analysiert aus organisationssoziologischer Perspektive, warum die polizeilichen NSU-Ermittlungen auch nach jahrelang erfolglosen Untersuchungen im Bereich der Organisierten Kriminalit{\"a}t eine rechtsextremistische Urheberschaft der NSU-Morde ausschlossen. Um diese Frage zu beantworten, bedient sich der Artikel einer entscheidungstheoretischen Routine- und Lernperspektive. Das mit diesem theoretischen Instrumentarium verfolgte Ziel liegt in der Analyse der Lernobstruktionen der polizeilichen Ermittlungen im NSU-Komplex. Darauf aufbauend werden empirische und analytische Anschlussperspektiven aufgezeigt.}, language = {de} } @article{KirschBuschingRohlfetal.2019, author = {Kirsch, Fabian and Busching, Robert and Rohlf, Helena and Krah{\´e}, Barbara}, title = {Using behavioral observation for the longitudinal study of anger regulation in middle childhood}, series = {Applied Developmental Science}, volume = {23}, journal = {Applied Developmental Science}, number = {2}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1088-8691}, doi = {10.1080/10888691.2017.1325325}, pages = {105 -- 118}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Assessing anger regulation via self-reports is fraught with problems, especially among children. Behavioral observation provides an ecologically valid alternative for measuring anger regulation. The present study uses data from two waves of a longitudinal study to present a behavioral observation approach for measuring anger regulation in middle childhood. At T1, 599 children from Germany (6-10 years old) were observed during an anger eliciting task, and the use of anger regulation strategies was coded. At T2, 3 years later, the observation was repeated with an age-appropriate version of the same task. Partial metric measurement invariance over time demonstrated the structural equivalence of the two versions. Maladaptive anger regulation between the two time points showed moderate stability. Validity was established by showing correlations with aggressive behavior, peer problems, and conduct problems (concurrent and predictive criterion validity). The study presents an ecologically valid and economic approach to assessing anger regulation strategies in situ.}, language = {en} } @article{BoginVareaHermanussenetal.2018, author = {Bogin, Barry and Varea, Carlos and Hermanussen, Michael and Scheffler, Christiane}, title = {Human life course biology}, series = {American journal of physical anthropology}, volume = {165}, journal = {American journal of physical anthropology}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0002-9483}, doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23357}, pages = {834 -- 854}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @article{SchefflerGreilHermanussen2017, author = {Scheffler, Christiane and Greil, Holle and Hermanussen, Michael}, title = {The association between weight, height, and head circumference reconsidered}, series = {Pediatric Research}, volume = {81}, journal = {Pediatric Research}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {New York}, issn = {0031-3998}, doi = {10.1038/pr.2017.3}, pages = {825 -- 830}, year = {2017}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Under normal nutritional and health conditions, body height, weight and head circumference are significantly related. We hypothesize that the apparent general association between weight, height, and head circumference of the growing child might be misleading. METHODS: We reanalyzed data of 7,444 boys and 7,375 girls measured in East-Germany between 1986 and 1990, aged from 0 to 7 y with measurements of body length/height, leg length, sitting height, biacromial shoulder breadth, thoracic breadth, thoracic depth, thoracic circumference, body weight, head volume, percentage of body fat, and hip skinfold vertical, using principal component analysis. RESULTS: Strong associations exist between skeletal growth, fat accumulation, and head volume increments. Yet in spite of this general proportionality, skeletal growth, fat acquisition, and head growth exhibit different patterns. Three components explain between almost 60\% and more than 75\% of cumulative variance between birth and age 7 y. Parameters of skeletal growth predominantly load on the first component and clearly separate from indicators of fat deposition. After age of 2 y, head volume loads on a separate third component in both sexes indicating independence of head growth. CONCLUSION: Under appropriate nutritional and health circumstances, nutritional status, body size, and head circumference are not related.}, language = {en} } @article{HeroldAignerGrilletal.2019, author = {Herold, Heike M. and Aigner, Tamara Bernadette and Grill, Carolin E. and Kr{\"u}ger, Stefanie and Taubert, Andreas and Scheibel, Thomas R.}, title = {SpiderMAEn}, series = {Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials}, volume = {8}, journal = {Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials}, number = {1}, publisher = {ICE Publishing}, address = {Westminister}, issn = {2045-9858}, doi = {10.1680/jbibn.18.00007}, pages = {99 -- 108}, year = {2019}, abstract = {A growing energy demand requires new and preferably renewable energy sources. The infinite availability of solar radiation makes its conversion into storable and transportable energy forms attractive for research as well as for the industry. One promising example of a transportable fuel is hydrogen (H-2), making research into eco-friendly hydrogen production meaningful. Here, a hybrid system was developed using newly designed recombinant spider silk protein variants as a template for mineralization with inorganic titanium dioxide and gold. These bioinspired organic/inorganic hybrid materials allow for hydrogen production upon light irradiation. To begin with, recombinant spider silk proteins bearing titanium dioxide and gold-binding moieties were created and processed into structured films. These films were modified with gold and titanium dioxide in order to produce a photocatalyst. Subsequent testing revealed hydrogen production as a result of light-induced hydrolysis of water. Therefore, the novel setup presented here provides access to a new principle of generating advanced hybrid materials for sustainable hydrogen production and depicts a promising platform for further studies on photocatalytic production of hydrogen, the most promising future fuel.}, language = {en} } @article{ChemamHadjzobirDaifetal.2018, author = {Chemam, Asma and Hadjzobir, Soraya and Daif, Menana and Altenberger, Uwe and G{\"u}nter, Christina}, title = {Provenance analyses of the heavy-mineral beach sands of the Annaba coast, northeast Algeria, and their consequences for the evaluation of fossil placer deposit}, series = {Journal of earth system science}, volume = {127}, journal = {Journal of earth system science}, number = {8}, publisher = {Indian Academy of Science}, address = {Bangalore}, issn = {0253-4126}, doi = {10.1007/s12040-018-1019-z}, pages = {25}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The paper presents the first study of heavy-mineral sand beaches from the Mediterranean coast of Annaba/Algeria. The studied beaches run along the basement outcrops of the Edough massif, which are mainly composed by micaschists, tourmaline-rich quartzo-feldspathic veins, gneisses, skarns and marbles. Sand samples were taken from three localities (Ain Achir, Plage-Militaire and El Nasr). The heavy-mineral fraction comprises between 74 and 91 vol\%. The garnets of the beaches are almandine rich and tourmalines vary with respect to their location from schorl to dravite. Tourmaline at Ain Achir and the Plage-Militaire is schorlits, while at El Nasr beach dravite is ubiquitous. The World Shale Average normalised REE of the sands and the basement outcrops reveal: (i) Ain Achir beach: REE pattern of sand and the coastal rocks from the studied beaches reflects a multiple sources; (ii) Plage-Militaire: the sand and the coastal outcrops show similar LREE and a strong enrichment in HREE, suggesting the presence HREE-rich phases found as inclusions in staurolite; (iii) El Nasr: two types of sand patterns are found: one with flat REE pattern similar to the proximal rocks and other one enriched in HREE suggesting a mixed source.}, language = {en} } @article{Scianna2020, author = {Scianna, Bastian Matteo}, title = {Rezension zu: "Italy and the Second World War. Alternative Perspectives / Hrsg.: Emanuele Sica ; Richard Carrier. - Leiden [u. a.]: Brill, 2018. - XV, 366 S. - (History of Warfare, 121). - ISBN 978‑90‑04‑36333‑5"}, series = {Milit{\"a}rgeschichtliche Zeitschrift}, volume = {79}, journal = {Milit{\"a}rgeschichtliche Zeitschrift}, number = {1}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2193-2336}, doi = {10.1515/mgzs-2020-0049}, pages = {280 -- 282}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Die Rolle Italiens im Zweiten Weltkrieg wird, trotz enormer Fortschritte in den letzten Jahren, h{\"a}ufig stiefm{\"u}tterlich behandelt oder bleibt das Metier einiger Spezialisten. Emanuele Sica und Richard Carrier, beide ausgewiesene Experten und in Kanada lehrend, haben einen anregenden Sammelband vorgelegt, der vergleichende (Ein‑)Blicke gestattet. Der Band {\"u}berzeugt durch eine gute Balance zwischen quellenges{\"a}ttigten Beitr{\"a}gen und neuen Erkenntnissen sowie sekund{\"a}rliteraturgest{\"u}tzten Synthesen. Das Hauptaugenmerk liegt hierbei deutlich auf milit{\"a}rischen Themen, auch wenn durchaus sozialgeschichtliche Aspekte einfließen. Der erste Abschnitt untersucht die Besatzungsherrschaft in Jugoslawien, Kreta und S{\"u}dfrankreich. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zur italienischen Besatzungsherrschaft haben in den letzten Jahren das ehemals vorherrschende Bild des »guten Italieners« einer notwendigen Korrektur unterzogen. Diese Besatzungen k{\"o}nnen mittlerweile als eines der am besten erforschten Felder bezeichnet werden. Eric Gobetti und Federico Goddi steuern konzise Zusammenfassungen ihrer Monografien bei. Gobetti, der die italienische Besatzung Jugoslawiens von 1941 bis 1943 beleuchtet, hebt die zugleich arrogante und unkoordinierte Okkupationspolitik sowie die kontraproduktive Zusammenarbeit mit lokalen radikalen Nationalisten hervor. Diese beiden Faktoren, so Gobetti, best{\"a}rkten den Widerstand gegen die Italiener und beendeten faschistische Tr{\"a}ume eines Imperiums entlang der Adria. Goddi analysiert in seinem prim{\"a}rquellenreichen Beitrag die Reaktionen des italienischen Milit{\"a}rs auf den montenegrinischen Aufstand am 13. Juli 1941. Anhand des Milit{\"a}rgerichts in Cetinje verdeutlicht der Autor die unterschiedlichen Repressionsinstrumente und die Zusammenarbeit mit lokalen Kollaborateuren, wobei nicht immer deutlich wird, in welche Richtung Goddi argumentiert. Der Beitrag von Paolo Fonzi {\"u}ber das italienische Besatzungsregime auf Kreta ist besonders hervorzuheben. Fonzi zeigt, dass im Vergleich zur italienischen Besatzung auf dem griechischen Festland die Herrschaft {\"u}ber den {\"o}stlichen Teil Kretas weniger brutal war. Das lag nicht an der sprichw{\"o}rtlichen Milde der Italiener, sondern an situativen Gegebenheiten. Die Italiener versuchten, wie in anderen Teilen Griechenlands, ihre Zone vom deutschen Besatzungsgebiet »abzutrennen« und eine italienische Sph{\"a}re zu errichten. Allerdings fielen die Zwangsmaßnahmen, etwa im wirtschaftlichen oder kulturellen Bereich, viel geringer aus als andernorts, was sich darin niederschlug, dass sich im Osten der Insel keine Guerrillabewegung bildete. Neben der generell geringen Partisanenaktivit{\"a}t auf den griechischen Inseln f{\"u}hrt Fonzi dies auch auf die große Zahl der italienischen Soldaten (15 000-22 000) in Relation zur Zivilbev{\"o}lkerung (70 000) zur{\"u}ck. Schaut man jedoch auf die Zahlen in Montenegro aus Goddis Beitrag (107 000 italienische Soldaten - 390 000 Zivilisten) scheint das zahlenm{\"a}ßige Verh{\"a}ltnis nicht ungew{\"o}hnlich, auch wenn in beiden F{\"a}llen die Zahl der Soldaten sehr hoch ist. {\"U}berzeugender ist Fonzis Analyse der lokalen Kultur als hemmender Faktor. Im Osten der Insel sei die Tradition des Widerstandes und des Milit{\"a}rdienstes allgemein weniger verankert gewesen. Zudem halfen die Italiener der Bev{\"o}lkerung Engp{\"a}sse in der Lebensmittelversorgung zu vermeiden. Die Beitr{\"a}ge zur Besatzung, abgerundet durch eine Studie zur italienischen Besatzung in (S{\"u}dost‑)Frankreich, zeigen daher unterschiedliche Herangehensweisen und Reaktionen des Milit{\"a}rs, je nach Situation. Der zweite Abschnitt widmet sich einem oft vernachl{\"a}ssigten Kapitel der italienischen Rolle im Zweiten Weltkrieg: dem Kampf regul{\"a}rer Einheiten, also nicht der Resistenza, gegen die Wehrmacht und die italienische faschistische Republik im Norden ab Oktober 1943. Richard Carrier analysiert die ambivalenten britischen und amerikanischen Einsch{\"a}tzungen des taufrischen B{\"u}ndnispartners, die internen Probleme der »neuen« Armee (die das Fundament der Streitkr{\"a}fte nach 1945 bildete und somit institutionelle Kontinuit{\"a}t »bewahrte«) sowie den nicht unbedeutenden aktiven und passiven Einsatz italienischer Soldaten an der Seite der Alliierten. Niccol{\`o} Da Lio skizziert in einer Milit{\"a}rgeschichte »von unten« die Motivation und Gef{\"u}hlslagen der Soldaten nach dem 8. September 1943 (Waffenstillstand zwischen Italien und den Alliierten) bis zur Befreiung des Landes. Der dritte Abschnitt des Sammelbandes widmet sich der Rolle der Resistenza und geht auf verschiedene Facetten des B{\"u}rgerkriegs ein, etwa die Miteinbeziehung von Frauen oder die Bestrafung von Faschisten bis 1945. Der letzte Teil des Bandes untersucht den Einsatz der istrischen Minderheit im Krieg gegen die Sowjetunion und die Kriegserfahrung italienisch-st{\"a}mmiger Soldaten der Alliierten im Geburtsland ihrer Vorfahren sowie die Aufarbeitung deutscher Kriegsverbrechen in Italien nach dem 8. September 1943. Das Vor‑ und Nachwort der Herausgeber spannt einen gelungenen Bogen, zeigt Forschungstendenzen auf, fasst Ergebnisse des Bandes zusammen und liefert zugleich Anreize f{\"u}r weitere Studien. Zu bem{\"a}ngeln ist, dass sich auf 366 Seiten keine Karte findet und dem Leser daher eine detaillierte Kenntnis, zum Beispiel der Geografie Montenegros, abverlangt wird. Dennoch wird das vorliegende Werk f{\"u}r viele Kollegen ein wichtiger und st{\"a}ndiger Begleiter werden, denn es leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag, um Italiens Rolle (und die des K{\"o}niglichen Heeres) im Zweiten Weltkrieg besser zu verstehen.}, language = {de} } @article{Marnette2020, author = {Marnette, Victor}, title = {F{\"u}hrung. Groß. Gedacht. Milit{\"a}rische F{\"u}hrung in den deutschen Streitkr{\"a}ften des 20. Jahrhunderts}, series = {Milit{\"a}rgeschichtliche Zeitschrift}, volume = {79}, journal = {Milit{\"a}rgeschichtliche Zeitschrift}, number = {1}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Oldenburg}, issn = {2193-2336}, doi = {10.1515/mgzs-2020-0008}, pages = {146 -- 150}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @article{BrauneGuetschowBlaut2019, author = {Braune, Annett and G{\"u}tschow, Michael and Blaut, Michael}, title = {An NADH-Dependent Reductase from Eubacterium ramulus Catalyzes the Stereospecific Heteroring Cleavage of Flavanones and Flavanonols}, series = {Applied and environmental microbiology}, volume = {85}, journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology}, number = {19}, publisher = {American Society for Microbiology}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0099-2240}, doi = {10.1128/AEM.01233-19}, pages = {15}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The human intestinal anaerobe Eubacterium ramulus is known for its ability to degrade various dietary flavonoids. In the present study, we demonstrate the cleavage of the heterocyclic C-ring of flavanones and flavanonols by an oxygen-sensitive NADH-dependent reductase, previously described as enoate reductase, from E. ramulus. This flavanone- and flavanonol-cleaving reductase (Fcr) was purified following its heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and further characterized. Fcr cleaved the flavanones naringenin, eriodictyol, liquiritigenin, and homoeriodictyol. Moreover, the flavanonols taxifolin and dihydrokaempferol served as substrates. The catalyzed reactions were stereospecific for the (2R)-enantiomers of the flavanone substrates and for the (25,35)-configured flavanonols. The enantioenrichment of the nonconverted stereoisomers allowed for the determination of hitherto unknown flavanone racemization rates. Fcr formed the corresponding dihydrochalcones and hydroxydihydrochalcones in the course of an unusual reductive cleavage of cyclic ether bonds. Fcr did not convert members of other flavonoid subclasses, including flavones, flavonols, and chalcones, the latter indicating that the reaction does not involve a chalcone intermediate. This view is strongly supported by the observed enantiospecificity of Fcr. Cinnamic acids, which are typical substrates of bacterial enoate reductases, were also not reduced by Fcr. Based on the presence of binding motifs for dinucleotide cofactors and a 4Fe-4S cluster in the amino acid sequence of Fcr, a cofactor-mediated hydride transfer from NADH onto C-2 of the respective substrate is proposed. IMPORTANCE Gut bacteria play a crucial role in the metabolism of dietary flavonoids, thereby contributing to their activation or inactivation after ingestion by the human host. Thus, bacterial activities in the intestine may influence the beneficial health effects of these polyphenolic plant compounds. While an increasing number of flavonoid-converting gut bacterial species have been identified, knowledge of the responsible enzymes is still limited. Here, we characterized Fcr as a key enzyme involved in the conversion of flavonoids of several subclasses by Eubacterium ramulus, a prevalent human gut bacterium. Sequence similarity of this enzyme to hypothetical proteins from other flavonoid-degrading intestinal bacteria in databases suggests a more widespread occurrence of this enzyme. Functional characterization of gene products of human intestinal microbiota enables the assignment of metagenomic sequences to specific bacteria and, more importantly, to certain activities, which is a prerequisite for targeted modulation of gut microbial functionality.}, language = {en} } @article{ShenarSablowskiHainichetal.2019, author = {Shenar, Tomer and Sablowski, D. P. and Hainich, Rainer and Todt, Helge Tobias and Moffat, Anthony F. J. and Oskinova, Lida and Ramachandran, Varsha and Sana, Hugues and Sander, Andreas Alexander Christoph and Schnurr, O. and St-Louis, N. and Vanbeveren, D. and Gotberg, Y. and Hamann, Wolf-Rainer}, title = {The Wolf-Rayet binaries of the nitrogen sequence in the Large Magellanic Cloud Spectroscopy, orbital analysis, formation, and evolution}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {627}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {0004-6361}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201935684}, pages = {68}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Context. Massive Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars dominate the radiative and mechanical energy budget of galaxies and probe a critical phase in the evolution of massive stars prior to core collapse. It is not known whether core He-burning WR stars (classical WR; cWR) form predominantly through wind stripping (w-WR) or binary stripping (b-WR). Whereas spectroscopy of WR binaries has so-far largely been avoided because of its complexity, our study focuses on the 44 WR binaries and binary candidates of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC; metallicity Z approximate to 0.5 Z(circle dot)), which were identified on the basis of radial velocity variations, composite spectra, or high X-ray luminosities. Aims. Relying on a diverse spectroscopic database, we aim to derive the physical and orbital parameters of our targets, confronting evolution models of evolved massive stars at subsolar metallicity and constraining the impact of binary interaction in forming these stars. Methods. Spectroscopy was performed using the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet (PoWR) code and cross-correlation techniques. Disentanglement was performed using the code Spectangular or the shift-and-add algorithm. Evolutionary status was interpreted using the Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis (BPASS) code, exploring binary interaction and chemically homogeneous evolution. Results. Among our sample, 28/44 objects show composite spectra and are analyzed as such. An additional five targets show periodically moving WR primaries but no detected companions (SB1); two (BAT99 99 and 112) are potential WR + compact-object candidates owing to their high X-ray luminosities. We cannot confirm the binary nature of the remaining 11 candidates. About two-thirds of the WN components in binaries are identified as cWR, and one-third as hydrogen-burning WR stars. We establish metallicity-dependent mass-loss recipes, which broadly agree with those recently derived for single WN stars, and in which so-called WN3/O3 stars are clear outliers. We estimate that 45 +/- 30\% of the cWR stars in our sample have interacted with a companion via mass transfer. However, only approximate to 12 +/- 7\% of the cWR stars in our sample naively appear to have formed purely owing to stripping via a companion (12\% b-WR). Assuming that apparently single WR stars truly formed as single stars, this comprises approximate to 4\% of the whole LMC WN population, which is about ten times less than expected. No obvious differences in the properties of single and binary WN stars, whose luminosities extend down to log L approximate to 5.2 [L-circle dot], are apparent. With the exception of a few systems (BAT99 19, 49, and 103), the equatorial rotational velocities of the OB-type companions are moderate (v(eq) less than or similar to 250 km s(-1)) and challenge standard formalisms of angular-momentum accretion. For most objects, chemically homogeneous evolution can be rejected for the secondary, but not for the WR progenitor. Conclusions. No obvious dichotomy in the locations of apparently single and binary WN stars on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is apparent. According to commonly used stellar evolution models (BPASS, Geneva), most apparently single WN stars could not have formed as single stars, implying that they were stripped by an undetected companion. Otherwise, it must follow that pre-WR mass-loss/mixing (e.g., during the red supergiant phase) are strongly underestimated in standard stellar evolution models.}, language = {en} } @article{SanderHamannTodtetal.2019, author = {Sander, Andreas Alexander Christoph and Hamann, Wolf-Rainer and Todt, Helge Tobias and Hainich, Rainer and Shenar, Tomer and Ramachandran, Varsha and Oskinova, Lida}, title = {The Galactic WC and WO stars}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {621}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {1432-0746}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201833712}, pages = {19}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Wolf-Rayet stars of the carbon sequence (WC stars) are an important cornerstone in the late evolution of massive stars before their core collapse. As core-helium burning, hydrogen-free objects with huge mass-loss, they are likely the last observable stage before collapse and thus promising progenitor candidates for type Ib/c supernovae. Their strong mass-loss furthermore provides challenges and constraints to the theory of radiatively driven winds. Thus, the determination of the WC star parameters is of major importance for several astrophysical fields. With Gaia DR2, for the first time parallaxes for a large sample of Galactic WC stars are available, removing major uncertainties inherent to earlier studies. In this work, we re-examine a previously studied sample of WC stars to derive key properties of the Galactic WC population. All quantities depending on the distance are updated, while the underlying spectral analyzes remain untouched. Contrasting earlier assumptions, our study yields that WC stars of the same subtype can significantly vary in absolute magnitude. With Gaia DR2, the picture of the Galactic WC population becomes more complex: We obtain luminosities ranging from log L/L-circle dot = 4.9-6.0 with one outlier (WR 119) having log L/L-circle dot = 4.7. This indicates that the WC stars are likely formed from a broader initial mass range than previously assumed. We obtain mass-loss rates ranging between log(M) over dot = -5.1 and -4.1, with (M) over dot proportional to L-0.68 and a linear scaling of the modified wind momentum with luminosity. We discuss the implications for stellar evolution, including unsolved issues regarding the need of envelope inflation to address the WR radius problem, and the open questions in regard to the connection of WR stars with Gamma-ray bursts. WC and WO stars are progenitors of massive black holes, collapsing either silently or in a supernova that most-likely has to be preceded by a WO stage.}, language = {en} } @article{HainichRamachandranShenaretal.2019, author = {Hainich, Rainer and Ramachandran, Varsha and Shenar, Tomer and Sander, Andreas Alexander Christoph and Todt, Helge Tobias and Gruner, David and Oskinova, Lida and Hamann, Wolf-Rainer}, title = {PoWR grids of non-LTE model atmospheres for OB-type stars of various metallicities}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {621}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {1432-0746}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201833787}, pages = {12}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The study of massive stars in different metallicity environments is a central topic of current stellar research. The spectral analysis of massive stars requires adequate model atmospheres. The computation of such models is difficult and time-consuming. Therefore, spectral analyses are greatly facilitated if they can refer to existing grids of models. Here we provide grids of model atmospheres for OB-type stars at metallicities corresponding to the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds, as well as to solar metallicity. In total, the grids comprise 785 individual models. The models were calculated using the state-of-the-art Potsdam Wolf-Rayet (PoWR) model atmosphere code. The parameter domain of the grids was set up using stellar evolution tracks. For all these models, we provide normalized and flux-calibrated spectra, spectral energy distributions, feedback parameters such as ionizing photons, Zanstra temperatures, and photometric magnitudes. The atmospheric structures (the density and temperature stratification) are available as well. All these data are publicly accessible through the PoWR website.}, language = {en} } @article{PathirajaMoradkhaniMarshalletal.2018, author = {Pathiraja, Sahani Darschika and Moradkhani, H. and Marshall, L. and Sharma, Ashish and Geenens, G.}, title = {Data-driven model uncertainty estimation in hydrologic data assimilation}, series = {Water resources research : WRR / American Geophysical Union}, volume = {54}, journal = {Water resources research : WRR / American Geophysical Union}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0043-1397}, doi = {10.1002/2018WR022627}, pages = {1252 -- 1280}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The increasing availability of earth observations necessitates mathematical methods to optimally combine such data with hydrologic models. Several algorithms exist for such purposes, under the umbrella of data assimilation (DA). However, DA methods are often applied in a suboptimal fashion for complex real-world problems, due largely to several practical implementation issues. One such issue is error characterization, which is known to be critical for a successful assimilation. Mischaracterized errors lead to suboptimal forecasts, and in the worst case, to degraded estimates even compared to the no assimilation case. Model uncertainty characterization has received little attention relative to other aspects of DA science. Traditional methods rely on subjective, ad hoc tuning factors or parametric distribution assumptions that may not always be applicable. We propose a novel data-driven approach (named SDMU) to model uncertainty characterization for DA studies where (1) the system states are partially observed and (2) minimal prior knowledge of the model error processes is available, except that the errors display state dependence. It includes an approach for estimating the uncertainty in hidden model states, with the end goal of improving predictions of observed variables. The SDMU is therefore suited to DA studies where the observed variables are of primary interest. Its efficacy is demonstrated through a synthetic case study with low-dimensional chaotic dynamics and a real hydrologic experiment for one-day-ahead streamflow forecasting. In both experiments, the proposed method leads to substantial improvements in the hidden states and observed system outputs over a standard method involving perturbation with Gaussian noise.}, language = {en} } @article{YadavDreherAthmeretal.2019, author = {Yadav, Heena and Dreher, Doroth{\´e}e and Athmer, Benedikt and Porzel, Andrea and Gavrin, Aleksandr and Baldermann, Susanne and Tissier, Alain and Hause, Bettina}, title = {Medicago TERPENE SYNTHASE 10 is involved in defense against an oomycete root pathogen}, series = {Plant physiology : an international journal devoted to physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, biophysics and environmental biology of plants}, volume = {180}, journal = {Plant physiology : an international journal devoted to physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, biophysics and environmental biology of plants}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Society of Plant Physiologists}, address = {Rockville}, issn = {0032-0889}, doi = {10.1104/pp.19.00278}, pages = {1598 -- 1613}, year = {2019}, abstract = {In nature, plants interact with numerous beneficial or pathogenic soil-borne microorganisms. Plants have developed various defense strategies to expel pathogenic microbes, some of which function soon after pathogen infection. We used Medicago truncatula and its oomycete pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches to elucidate early responses of the infected root. A. euteiches causes root rot disease in legumes and is a limiting factor in legume production. Transcript profiling of seedlings and adult plant roots inoculated with A. euteiches zoospores for 2 h revealed specific upregulation of a gene encoding a putative sesquiterpene synthase (M. truncatula TERPENE SYNTHASE 10 [MtTPS10]) in both developmental stages. MtTPS10 was specifically expressed in roots upon oomycete infection. Heterologous expression of MtTPS10 in yeast led to production of a blend of sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpene alcohols, with NMR identifying a major peak corresponding to himalachol. Moreover, plants carrying a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) retrotransposon Tnt1 insertion in MtTPS10 lacked the emission of sesquiterpenes upon A. euteiches infection, supporting the assumption that the identified gene encodes a multiproduct sesquiterpene synthase. Mttps10 plants and plants with reduced MtTPS10 transcript levels created by expression of an MtTPS10-artificial microRNA in roots were more susceptible to A. euteiches infection than were the corresponding wild-type plants and roots transformed with the empty vector, respectively. Sesquiterpenes produced by expression of MtTPS10 in yeast also inhibited mycelial growth and A. euteiches zoospore germination. These data suggest that sesquiterpene production in roots by MtTPS10 plays a previously unrecognized role in the defense response of M. truncatula against A. euteiches.}, language = {en} } @article{OskinovaFeldmeierHamann2006, author = {Oskinova, Lida and Feldmeier, Achim and Hamann, Wolf-Rainer}, title = {High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of bright O-type stars}, series = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, volume = {372}, journal = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0035-8711}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10858.x}, pages = {313 -- 326}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Archival X-ray spectra of the four prominent single, non-magnetic O stars zeta Pup, zeta Ori, xi Per and zeta Oph, obtained in high resolution with Chandra HETGS/MEG have been studied. The resolved X-ray emission line profiles provide information about the shocked, hot gas which emits the X-radiation, and about the bulk of comparably cool stellar wind material which partly absorbs this radiation. In this paper, we synthesize X-ray line profiles with a model of a clumpy stellar wind. We find that the geometrical shape of the wind inhomogeneities is important: better agreement with the observations can be achieved with radially compressed clumps than with spherical clumps. The parameters of the model, i.e. chemical abundances, stellar radius, mass-loss rate and terminal wind velocity, are taken from existing analyses of UV and optical spectra of the programme stars. On this basis, we also calculate the continuum-absorption coefficient of the cool-wind material, using the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet (POWR) model atmosphere code. The radial location of X-ray emitting gas is restricted from analysing the FIR line ratios of helium-like ions. The only remaining free parameter of our model is the typical distance between the clumps; here, we assume that at any point in the wind there is one clump passing by per one dynamical time-scale of the wind. The total emission in a model line is scaled to the observation. There is a good agreement between synthetic and observed line profiles. We conclude that the X-ray emission line profiles in O stars can be explained by hot plasma embedded in a cool wind which is highly clumped in the form of radially compressed shell fragments.}, language = {en} } @article{IzotovSchaererWorsecketal.2017, author = {Izotov, Y. I. and Schaerer, Daniel and Worseck, Gabor and Guseva, N. G. and Thuan, T. X. and Verhamme, A. and Orlitova, I. and Fricke, K. J.}, title = {J1154+2443: a low-redshift compact star-forming galaxy with a 46 per cent leakage of Lyman continuum photons}, series = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, volume = {474}, journal = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, number = {4}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0035-8711}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/stx3115}, pages = {4514 -- 4527}, year = {2017}, abstract = {We report the detection of the Lyman continuum (LyC) radiation of the compact star-forming galaxy (SFG) J1154+2443 observed with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) onboard the Hubble Space Telescope. This galaxy, at a redshift of z = 0.3690, is characterized by a high emission-line flux ratio O-32 = [O III] lambda 5007/[O II] lambda 3727 = 11.5. The escape fraction of the LyC radiation f(esc)(LyC) in this galaxy is 46 per cent, the highest value found so far in low-redshift SFGs and one of the highest values found in galaxies at any redshift. The narrow double-peaked Ly alpha emission line is detected in the spectrum of J1154+2443 with a separation between the peaks V-sep of 199 km s(-1), one of the lowest known for Ly alpha-emitting galaxies, implying a high f(esc)(Ly alpha). Comparing the extinction-corrected Ly alpha/H beta flux ratio with the case B value, we find f(esc)(Ly alpha) = 98 per cent. Our observations, combined with previous detections in the literature, reveal an increase of O-32 with increasing f(esc)(LyC). We also find a tight anticorrelation between f(esc)(LyC) and V-sep. The surface brightness profile derived from the COS acquisition image reveals a bright star-forming region in the centre and an exponential disc in the outskirts with a disc scale length alpha = 1.09 kpc. J1154+2443, compared to other known low-redshift LyC leakers, is characterized by the lowest metallicity, 12+log O/H = 7.65 +/- 0.01, the lowest stellar mass M-star = 108.20 M-circle dot, a similar star formation rate SFR = 18.9 M-circle dot yr(-1), and a high specific SFR of 1.2 x 10(-7) yr(-1).}, language = {en} } @article{LeonCardonaParraetal.2018, author = {Leon, Santiago and Cardona, Agustin and Parra, Mauricio and Sobel, Edward and Jaramillo, Juan S. and Glodny, Johannes and Valencia, Victor A. and Chew, David and Montes, Camilo and Posada, Gustavo and Monsalve, Gaspar and Pardo-Trujillo, Andres}, title = {Transition from collisional to subduction-related regimes}, series = {Tectonics}, volume = {37}, journal = {Tectonics}, number = {1}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0278-7407}, doi = {10.1002/2017TC004785}, pages = {119 -- 139}, year = {2018}, abstract = {A geological transect across the suture separating northwestern South America from the Panama Arc helps document the provenance and thermal history of both crustal domains and the suture zone. During middle Miocene, strata were being accumulated over the suture zone between the Panama Arc and the continental margin. Integrated provenance analyses of those middle Miocene strata show the presence of mixed sources that includes material derived from the two major crustal domains: the old northwestern South American orogens and the younger Panama Arc. Coeval moderately rapid exhumation of Upper Cretaceous to Paleogene sediments forming the reference continental margin is suggested from our inverse thermal modeling. Strata within the suture zone are intruded by similar to 12 Ma magmatic arc-related plutons, marking the transition from a collisional orogen to a subduction-related one. Renewed late Miocene to Pliocene acceleration of the exhumation rates is the consequence of a second tectonic pulse, which is likely to be triggered by the onset of a flat-slab subduction of the Nazca plate underneath the northernmost Andes of Colombia, suggesting that late Miocene to Pliocene orogeny in the Northern Andes is controlled by at least two different tectonic mechanisms.}, language = {en} } @misc{MehrabiSchulzMuellerWerkmeisteretal.2018, author = {Mehrabi, Pedram and Schulz, Eike and M{\"u}ller-Werkmeister, Henrike and Persch, Elke and De Gasparo, Raoul and Diederich, Francois and Tellkamp, Friedjof and Pai, Emil F. and Miller, R. J. Dwayne}, title = {Time-resolved crystallography via an interlacing approach allows elucidation of milliseconds to seconds time delays}, series = {Acta Crystallographica Section A}, volume = {74}, journal = {Acta Crystallographica Section A}, publisher = {International Union of Crystallography}, address = {Chester}, issn = {2053-2733}, doi = {10.1107/S205327331809321X}, pages = {E138 -- E138}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @article{CamposPelisoliKamannetal.2018, author = {Campos, Fabiola and Pelisoli, Ingrid Domingos and Kamann, Sebastian and Husser, T. -O. and Dreizler, S. and Bellini, A. and Robinson, E. L. and Nardiello, Domenico and Piotto, G. and Kepler, S. O. and Istrate, A. G. and Winget, D. E. and Montgomery, M. H. and Dotter, A.}, title = {Outliers}, series = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, volume = {481}, journal = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, number = {4}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0035-8711}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/sty2591}, pages = {4397 -- 4409}, year = {2018}, abstract = {We use Hubble Space Telescope multicolour photometry of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae to uncover a population of 24 objects with no previous classification that are outliers from the single-star model tracks in the colour-magnitude diagram and yet are likely cluster members. By comparing those sources with evolutionary models and X-ray source catalogues, we were able to show that the majority of those sources are likely binary systems that do not have any X-ray source detected nearby, most possibly formed by a white dwarf and a main-sequence star and a small number of possible double-degenerate systems.}, language = {en} } @misc{KannSchwarzDethloffetal.2021, author = {Kann, Oliver and Schwarz, Michael and Dethloff, Andreas and Mende, Volker and Thiele, Andrea and Meumann, Markus and Rous, Anne-Simone}, title = {Milit{\"a}r und Gesellschaft in der Fr{\"u}hen Neuzeit = Themenheft: Milit{\"a}risches Wissen vom 16. bis zum 19. Jahrhundert}, volume = {22}, editor = {Kann, Oliver and Schwarz, Michael}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-495-1}, issn = {1617-9722}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-47471}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-474718}, pages = {233}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Milit{\"a}rgeschichte und Wissensgeschichte bilden zwei in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten international prosperierende Forschungsfelder, die bislang aber selten miteinander in Dialog getreten sind. Das Themenheft nimmt dies zum Anlass, exemplarisch die Potentiale wissensgeschichtlicher Perspektiven f{\"u}r die (fr{\"u}h-)neuzeitliche Milit{\"a}rgeschichte auszuloten und dabei zugleich den bislang oft unreflektierten Z{\"a}surcharakter der Jahre um 1800 kritisch zu beleuchten. Gab es eine eigene milit{\"a}rische Wissenskultur oder inwieweit partizipierte das Milit{\"a}r an den zivilen Wissenskulturen seiner sozialen Umwelt? Welche Akteure, welche Praktiken und welche Medien spielten eine Rolle bei der Verwissenschaftlichung des Milit{\"a}rischen im Wandel von der Kriegskunst zur Kriegswissenschaft? Gerade der geweitete analytische Horizont der Wissensgeschichte erm{\"o}glicht es, der Vielfalt der Wissensformen Rechnung zu tragen und entsprechende Entwicklungen angemessen in ihren historischen Kontexten zu verorten. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus bietet der epochen{\"u}bergreifende Zuschnitt die Chance, nicht nur Br{\"u}che, sondern auch m{\"o}gliche Kontinuit{\"a}ten zwischen fr{\"u}hneuzeitlichem und neuzeitlichem Milit{\"a}rwesen sowie dessen Beziehungen zum Wissen aufzuzeigen und etwaige Ungenauigkeiten oder historiographisch bedingte Verk{\"u}rzungen durch neue Akzentsetzungen zu korrigieren.}, language = {de} } @article{Gerhard2021, author = {Gerhard, Reimund}, title = {50 years of International Symposia on Electrets from 1967 to 2017}, series = {IEEE electrical insulation magazine / Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers}, volume = {37}, journal = {IEEE electrical insulation magazine / Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers}, number = {2}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York, NY}, issn = {0883-7554}, doi = {10.1109/MEI.2021.9352710}, pages = {50 -- 55}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The prehistory of electrets is not known yet, but it is quite likely that the electrostatic charging behavior of amber (Greek: τ{\`o} ηλεκτρoν, i.e., "electron") already was familiar to people in ancient cultures (China, Egypt, Greece, etc.), before the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales of Miletus (6th century BCE)-or rather his disciples and followers-reported it in writing (cf. Figure 1). More than two millennia later, William Gilbert (1544-1603), the physician of Queen Elizabeth I, coined the term "electric" in his book De Magnete, Magneticisque Corporibus, et de Magno Magnete Tellure (1600) for dielectric materials that attract like amber and that included sulfur and glass [1]. The second half of the 18th century saw the invention of the electrophorus or electrophore [2], a capacitive electret device, in 1762 by Johan Carl Wilcke (1732-1796).}, language = {en} } @article{StubningDenesGerhard2021, author = {Stubning, Tobias and Denes, Istvan and Gerhard, Reimund}, title = {Tuning electro-mechanical properties of EAP-based haptic actuators by adjusting layer thickness and number of stacked layers}, series = {Engineering research express}, volume = {3}, journal = {Engineering research express}, number = {1}, publisher = {Institute of Physics}, address = {London}, issn = {2631-8695}, doi = {10.1088/2631-8695/abd286}, pages = {13}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In our fast-changing world, human-machine interfaces (HMIs) are of ever-increasing importance. Among the most ubiquitous examples are touchscreens that most people are familiar with from their smartphones. The quality of such an HMI can be improved by adding haptic feedback-an imitation of using mechanical buttons-to the touchscreen. Thin-film actuators on the basis of electro-mechanically active polymers (EAPs), with the electroactive material sandwiched between two compliant electrodes, offer a promising technology for haptic surfaces. In thin-film technology, the thickness and the number of stacked layers of the electroactive dielectric are key parameters for tuning a system. Therefore, we have experimentally investigated the influence of the thickness of a single EAP layer on the electrical and the electro-mechanical performance of the transducer. In order to achieve high electro-mechanical actuator outputs, we have employed relaxor-ferroelectric ter-fluoropolymers that can be screen-printed. By means of a model-based approach, we have also directly compared single- and multi-layer actuators, thus providing guidelines for optimized transducer configurations with respect to the system requirements of haptic applications for which the operation frequency is of particular importance.}, language = {en} } @article{FulmerGallagherHamannetal.2020, author = {Fulmer, Leah M. and Gallagher, John S. and Hamann, Wolf-Rainer and Oskinova, Lida and Ramachandran, Varsha}, title = {Testing massive star evolution, star-formation history, and feedback at low metallicity}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {633}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {0004-6361}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201834314}, pages = {9}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Context. The supergiant ionized shell SMC-SGS 1 (DEM 167), which is located in the outer Wing of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), resembles structures that originate from an energetic star-formation event and later stimulate star formation as they expand into the ambient medium. However, stellar populations within and surrounding SMC-SGS 1 tell a different story. Aims. We present a photometric study of the stellar population encompassed by SMC-SGS 1 in order to trace the history of such a large structure and its potential influence on star formation within the low-density, low-metallicity environment of the SMC. Methods. For a stellar population that is physically associated with SMC-SGS 1, we combined near-ultraviolet (NUV) photometry from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer with archival optical (V-band) photometry from the ESO Danish 1.54 m Telescope. Given their colors and luminosities, we estimated stellar ages and masses by matching observed photometry to theoretical stellar isochrone models. Results. We find that the investigated region supports an active, extended star-formation event spanning similar to 25-40 Myr ago, as well as continued star formation into the present. Using a standard initial mass function, we infer a lower bound on the stellar mass from this period of similar to 3 x 10(4) M-circle dot, corresponding to a star-formation intensity of similar to 6 x 10(-3) M-circle dot kpc(-2) yr(-1). Conclusions. The spatial and temporal distributions of young stars encompassed by SMC-SGS 1 imply a slow, consistent progression of star formation over millions of years. Ongoing star formation, both along the edge and interior to SMC-SGS 1, suggests a combined stimulated and stochastic mode of star formation within the SMC Wing. We note that a slow expansion of the shell within this low-density environment may preserve molecular clouds within the volume of the shell, leaving them to form stars even after nearby stellar feedback expels local gas and dust.}, language = {en} } @article{ShenarHainichTodtetal.2018, author = {Shenar, Tomer and Hainich, Rainer and Todt, Helge Tobias and Moffat, Anthony F. J. and Sander, Andreas Alexander Christoph and Oskinova, Lida and Ramachandran, Varsha and Munoz, M. and Pablo, H. and Sana, Hugues and Hamann, Wolf-Rainer}, title = {The shortest-period Wolf-Rayet binary in the small magellanic cloud}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {616}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {1432-0746}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201833006}, pages = {15}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Context. SMC AB6 is the shortest-period (P = 6.5 d) Wolf-Rayet (WR) binary in the Small Magellanic Cloud. This binary is therefore a key system in the study of binary interaction and formation of WR stars at low metallicity. The WR component in AB6 was previously found to be very luminous (log L = 6.3 [L-circle dot]) compared to its reported orbital mass (approximate to 8 M-circle dot), placing it significantly above the Eddington limit. Aims. Through spectroscopy and orbital analysis of newly acquired optical data taken with the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES), we aim to understand the peculiar results reported for this system and explore its evolutionary history. Methods. We measured radial velocities via cross-correlation and performed a spectral analysis using the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet model atmosphere code. The evolution of the system was analyzed using the Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis evolution code. Results. AB6 contains at least four stars. The 6.5 d period WR binary comprises the WR primary (WN3:h, star A) and a rather rapidly rotating (v(eq) = 265 km s(-1)) early O-type companion (O5.5 V, star B). Static N III and N IV emission lines and absorption signatures in He lines suggest the presence of an early-type emission line star (O5.5 I(f), star C). Finally, narrow absorption lines portraying a long-term radial velocity variation show the existence of a fourth star (O7.5 V, star D). Star D appears to form a second 140 d period binary together with a fifth stellar member, which is a B-type dwarf or a black hole. It is not clear that these additional components are bound to the WR binary. We derive a mass ratio of M-O/M-WR = 2.2 +/- 0.1. The WR star is found to be less luminous than previously thought (log L = 5.9 [L-circle dot]) and, adopting M-O = 41 M-circle dot for star B, more massive (M-WR = 18 M-circle dot). Correspondingly, the WR star does not exceed the Eddington limit. We derive the initial masses of M-i,M-WR = 60 M-circle dot and M-i,M-O = 40 M-circle dot and an age of 3.9 Myr for the system. The WR binary likely experienced nonconservative mass transfer in the past supported by the relatively rapid rotation of star B. Conclusions. Our study shows that AB6 is a multiple - probably quintuple - system. This finding resolves the previously reported puzzle of the WR primary exceeding the Eddington limit and suggests that the WR star exchanged mass with its companion in the past.}, language = {en} } @article{RamachandranHainichHamannetal.2017, author = {Ramachandran, Varsha and Hainich, Rainer and Hamann, Wolf-Rainer and Oskinova, Lida and Shenar, T. and Sander, Andreas Alexander Christoph and Todt, Helge Tobias and Gallagher, John S.}, title = {Stellar population of the superbubble N206 in the LMC I. Analysis of the Of-type stars}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {609}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {1432-0746}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201731093}, pages = {26}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Context. Massive stars severely influence their environment by their strong ionizing radiation and by the momentum and kinetic energy input provided by their stellar winds and supernovae. Quantitative analyses of massive stars are required to understand how their feedback creates and shapes large scale structures of the interstellar medium. The giant H II region N206 in the Large Magellanic Cloud contains an OB association that powers a superbubble filled with hot X-ray emitting gas, serving as an ideal laboratory in this context. Aims. We aim to estimate stellar and wind parameters of all OB stars in N206 by means of quantitative spectroscopic analyses. In this first paper, we focus on the nine Of-type stars located in this region. We determine their ionizing flux and wind mechanical energy. The analysis of nitrogen abundances in our sample probes rotational mixing. Methods. We obtained optical spectra with the multi-object spectrograph FLAMES at the ESO-VLT. When possible, the optical spectroscopy was complemented by UV spectra from the HST, IUE, and FUSE archives. Detailed spectral classifications are presented for our sample Of-type stars. For the quantitative spectroscopic analysis we used the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet model atmosphere code. We determined the physical parameters and nitrogen abundances of our sample stars by fitting synthetic spectra to the observations. Results. The stellar and wind parameters of nine Of-type stars, which are largely derived from spectral analysis are used to construct wind momentum luminosity relationship. We find that our sample follows a relation close to the theoretical prediction, assuming clumped winds. The most massive star in the N206 association is an Of supergiant that has a very high mass-loss rate. Two objects in our sample reveal composite spectra, showing that the Of primaries have companions of late O subtype. All stars in our sample have an evolutionary age of less than 4 million yr, with the O2-type star being the youngest. All these stars show a systematic discrepancy between evolutionary and spectroscopic masses. All stars in our sample are nitrogen enriched. Nitrogen enrichment shows a clear correlation with increasing projected rotational velocities. Conclusions. The mechanical energy input from the Of stars alone is comparable to the energy stored in the N206 superbubble as measured from the observed X-ray and H alpha emission.}, language = {en} } @article{HainichOskinovaShenaretal.2018, author = {Hainich, Rainer and Oskinova, Lida and Shenar, Tomer and Marchant Campos, Pablo and Eldridge, J. J. and Sander, Andreas Alexander Christoph and Hamann, Wolf-Rainer and Langer, Norbert and Todt, Helge Tobias}, title = {Observational properties of massive black hole binary progenitors}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {609}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {1432-0746}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201731449}, pages = {62}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Context: The first directly detected gravitational waves (GW 150914) were emitted by two coalescing black holes (BHs) with masses of ≈ 36 M⊙ and ≈ 29 M⊙. Several scenarios have been proposed to put this detection into an astrophysical context. The evolution of an isolated massive binary system is among commonly considered models. Aims: Various groups have performed detailed binary-evolution calculations that lead to BH merger events. However, the question remains open as to whether binary systems with the predicted properties really exist. The aim of this paper is to help observers to close this gap by providing spectral characteristics of massive binary BH progenitors during a phase where at least one of the companions is still non-degenerate. Methods: Stellar evolution models predict fundamental stellar parameters. Using these as input for our stellar atmosphere code (Potsdam Wolf-Rayet), we compute a set of models for selected evolutionary stages of massive merging BH progenitors at different metallicities. Results: The synthetic spectra obtained from our atmosphere calculations reveal that progenitors of massive BH merger events start their lives as O2-3V stars that evolve to early-type blue supergiants before they undergo core-collapse during the Wolf-Rayet phase. When the primary has collapsed, the remaining system will appear as a wind-fed high-mass X-ray binary. Based on our atmosphere models, we provide feedback parameters, broad band magnitudes, and spectral templates that should help to identify such binaries in the future. Conclusions: While the predicted parameter space for massive BH binary progenitors is partly realized in nature, none of the known massive binaries match our synthetic spectra of massive BH binary progenitors exactly. Comparisons of empirically determined mass-loss rates with those assumed by evolution calculations reveal significant differences. The consideration of the empirical mass-loss rates in evolution calculations will possibly entail a shift of the maximum in the predicted binary-BH merger rate to higher metallicities, that is, more candidates should be expected in our cosmic neighborhood than previously assumed.}, language = {en} } @article{SanderFuerstKretschmaretal.2018, author = {Sander, Andreas Alexander Christoph and F{\"u}rst, F. and Kretschmar, P. and Oskinova, Lida and Todt, Helge Tobias and Hainich, Rainer and Shenar, Tomer and Hamann, Wolf-Rainer}, title = {Coupling hydrodynamics with comoving frame radiative transfer}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {610}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {1432-0746}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201731575}, pages = {19}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Aims. To gain a realistic picture of the donor star in Vela X-1, we constructed a hydrodynamically consistent atmosphere model describing the wind stratification while properly reproducing the observed donor spectrum. To investigate how X-ray illumination affects the stellar wind, we calculated additional models for different X-ray luminosity regimes. Methods. We used the recently updated version of the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet code to consistently solve the hydrodynamic equation together with the statistical equations and the radiative transfer. Results. The wind flow in Vela X-1 is driven by ions from various elements, with Fe III and S III leading in the outer wind. The model-predicted mass-loss rate is in line with earlier empirical studies. The mass-loss rate is almost unaffected by the presence of the accreting NS in the wind. The terminal wind velocity is confirmed at u(infinity) approximate to 600 km s(-1). On the other hand, the wind velocity in the inner region where the NS is located is only approximate to 100 km s(-1), which is not expected on the basis of a standard beta-velocity law. In models with an enhanced level of X-rays, the velocity field in the outer wind can be altered. If the X-ray flux is too high, the acceleration breaks down because the ionization increases. Conclusions. Accounting for radiation hydrodynamics, our Vela X-1 donor atmosphere model reveals a low wind speed at the NS location, and it provides quantitative information on wind driving in this important HMXB.}, language = {en} } @article{OskinovaBulikGomezMoran2018, author = {Oskinova, Lida and Bulik, Tomasz and Gomez-Moran, Ada Nebot}, title = {Infrared outbursts as potential tracers of common-envelope events in high-mass X-ray binary formation}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {613}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {0004-6361}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201832925}, pages = {7}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Context. Classic massive binary evolutionary scenarios predict that a transitional common-envelope (CE) phase could be preceded as well as succeeded by the evolutionary stage when a binary consists of a compact object and a massive star, that is, a high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB). The observational manifestations of common envelope are poorly constrained. We speculate that its ejection might be observed in some cases as a transient event at mid-infrared (IR) wavelengths. Aims. We estimate the expected numbers of CE ejection events and HMXBs per star formation unit rate, and compare these theoretical estimates with observations. Methods. We compiled a list of 85 mid-IR transients of uncertain nature detected by the Spitzer Infrared Intensive Transients Survey and searched for their associations with X-ray, optical, and UV sources. Results. Confirming our theoretical estimates, we find that only one potential HMXB may be plausibly associated with an IR-transient and tentatively propose that X-ray source NGC4490-X40 could be a precursor to the SPIRITS 16az event. Among other interesting sources, we suggest that the supernova remnant candidate [BWL2012] 063 might be associated with SPIRITS 16ajc. We also find that two SPIRITS events are likely associated with novae, and seven have potential optical counterparts. Conclusions. The massive binary evolutionary scenarios that involve CE events do not contradict currently available observations of IR transients and HMXBs in star-forming galaxies.}, language = {en} } @article{BakadorovaLazaridesRaufelder2020, author = {Bakadorova, Olga and Lazarides, Rebecca and Raufelder, Diana}, title = {Effects of social and individual school self-concepts on school engagement during adolescence}, series = {European journal of psychology of education : a journal of education and development}, volume = {35}, journal = {European journal of psychology of education : a journal of education and development}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Lisboa}, issn = {0256-2928}, doi = {10.1007/s10212-019-00423-x}, pages = {73 -- 91}, year = {2020}, abstract = {While school self-concept is an important facilitator of a student's school engagement, previous studies rarely investigated whether it may also explain the change in students' school engagement during secondary school. Moreover, as social relations play an increasingly important role in adolescence, the current research distinguishes between the social and individual school self-concepts of a student. Whereas individual school self-concept uses the perception of a student's own ability in the past in order to estimate perceived current ability, social school self-concept refers to the comparison of a student's own perceived current ability with the current perceived abilities of others. We examined the role of students' individual and social school self-concepts in the development of behavioral and emotional school engagement during the period from grade 8 to grade 9. The sample consisted of 1088 German adolescents at the first measurement time (M-age = 13.70, SD = 0.53; 53.9\% girls). The findings suggested a significant decline in both emotional and behavioral school engagement over the span of 1.5 years. In addition, social-but not individual-school self-concept was associated with the change in both dimensions of school engagement over time, such as it may intensify a student's decline in school engagement levels. This might be due to the fact that students with a high social school self-concept tend to increasingly emphasize competition and comparison and strive for high grades, which lowers students' school participation and identification in the long term.}, language = {en} } @techreport{ŠedovaČizmaziovaCook2021, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Šedov{\´a}, Barbora and Čizmaziov{\´a}, Lucia and Cook, Athene}, title = {A meta-analysis of climate migration literature}, series = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, journal = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, number = {29}, issn = {2628-653X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-49982}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-499827}, pages = {83}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The large literature that aims to find evidence of climate migration delivers mixed findings. This meta-regression analysis i) summarizes direct links between adverse climatic events and migration, ii) maps patterns of climate migration, and iii) explains the variation in outcomes. Using a set of limited dependent variable models, we meta-analyze thus-far the most comprehensive sample of 3,625 estimates from 116 original studies and produce novel insights on climate migration. We find that extremely high temperatures and drying conditions increase migration. We do not find a significant effect of sudden-onset events. Climate migration is most likely to emerge due to contemporaneous events, to originate in rural areas and to take place in middle-income countries, internally, to cities. The likelihood to become trapped in affected areas is higher for women and in low-income countries, particularly in Africa. We uniquely quantify how pitfalls typical for the broader empirical climate impact literature affect climate migration findings. We also find evidence of different publication biases.}, language = {en} } @techreport{CaliendoTuebbicke2021, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Caliendo, Marco and T{\"u}bbicke, Stefan}, title = {Design and Effectiveness of Start-Up Subsidies}, series = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, journal = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, number = {30}, issn = {2628-653X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-50005}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-500056}, pages = {20}, year = {2021}, abstract = {While a growing body of literature finds positive impacts of Start-Up Subsidies (SUS) on labor market outcomes of participants, little is known about how the design of these programs shapes their effectiveness and hence how to improve policy. As experimental variation in program design is unavailable, we exploit the 2011 reform of the current German SUS program for the unemployed which strengthened case-workers' discretionary power, increased entry requirements and reduced monetary support. We estimate the impact of the reform on the program's effectiveness using samples of participants and non-participants from before and after the reform. To control for time-constant unobserved heterogeneity as well as differential selection patterns based on observable characteristics over time, we combine Difference-in-Differences with inverse probability weighting using covariate balancing propensity scores. Holding participants' observed characteristics as well as macroeconomic conditions constant, the results suggest that the reform was successful in raising employment effects on average. As these findings may be contaminated by changes in selection patterns based on unobserved characteristics, we assess our results using simulation-based sensitivity analyses and find that our estimates are highly robust to changes in unobserved characteristics. Hence, the reform most likely had a positive impact on the effectiveness of the program, suggesting that increasing entry requirements and reducing support in-creased the program's impacts while reducing the cost per participant.}, language = {en} } @article{Verlaan2022, author = {Verlaan, Stephanie}, title = {The Misapplication of Western Conflict and Reconciliation Theories on New World Wars}, series = {Transitional Justice : Theoretical and Practical Approaches (Potsdamer Studien zu Staat, Recht und Politik ; 7)}, journal = {Transitional Justice : Theoretical and Practical Approaches (Potsdamer Studien zu Staat, Recht und Politik ; 7)}, number = {7}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-473-9}, issn = {1869-2443}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-57014}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-570149}, pages = {11 -- 38}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This chapter deals with the problem that theories of peace building, conflict resolution and reconciliation were predominately created in the West and, therefore, do not necessarily fit the understanding of peace, conflict, and resolution in non-Western societies and cultures. Within these societies, the acceptance of suffering may also be higher, which leads to different priorities of conflict resolution approaches. Furthermore, this chapter deals with the question of whether the current understanding of wars and the nature of conflict change the basis of established conflict theories. These theoretical approaches are then applied in Sierra Leone as a non-Western negotiation scenario.}, language = {en} } @article{Roethlisberger2022, author = {R{\"o}thlisberger, Livia}, title = {Transformative Justice in South Sudan}, series = {Transitional Justice : Theoretical and Practical Approaches (Potsdamer Studien zu Staat, Recht und Politik ; 7)}, journal = {Transitional Justice : Theoretical and Practical Approaches (Potsdamer Studien zu Staat, Recht und Politik ; 7)}, number = {7}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-473-9}, issn = {1869-2443}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-57048}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-570480}, pages = {167 -- 191}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This chapter takes the ongoing conflict in South Sudan as a starting point for assessing the concept of transitional justice as such and its implementation in the country in particular. Following a brief description of the conflict and the peace processes, the author sheds light on the shortcomings of the established concept of transitional justice in the situation at hand. Then, the author outlines the alternate concept of transformational justice und takes a closer look at its implications on the situation in South Sudan. The author highlights existing initiatives of transformative justice and is very much in favour of their victim-centered approach.}, language = {en} } @article{KachlerBailerHeimetal.2017, author = {Kachler, Katerina and Bailer, Maximilian and Heim, Lisanne and Schumacher, Fabian and Reichel, Martin and Holzinger, Corinna D. and Trump, Sonja and Mittler, Susanne and Monti, Juliana and Trufa, Denis I. and Rieker, Ralf J. and Hartmann, Arndt and Sirbu, Horia and Kleuser, Burkhard and Kornhuber, Johannes and Finotto, Susetta}, title = {Enhanced acid sphingomyelinase activity drives immune evasion and tumor growth in non-small cell lung carcinoma}, series = {Cancer research}, volume = {77}, journal = {Cancer research}, number = {21}, publisher = {American Association for Cancer Research}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {0008-5472}, doi = {10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-3313}, pages = {5963 -- 5976}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The lipid hydrolase enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is required for the conversion of the lipid cell membrane component sphingomyelin into ceramide. In cancer cells, ASM-mediated ceramide production is important for apoptosis, cell proliferation, and immune modulation, highlighting ASM as a potential multimodal therapeutic target. In this study, we demonstrate elevated ASM activity in the lung tumor environment and blood serum of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). RNAi-mediated attenuation of SMPD1 in human NSCLC cells rendered them resistant to serum starvation-induced apoptosis. In a murine model of lung adenocarcinoma, ASM deficiency reduced tumor development in a manner associated with significant enhancement of Th1-mediated and cytotoxic T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Our findings indicate that targeting ASM in NSCLC can act by tumor cell-intrinsic and-extrinsic mechanisms to suppress tumor cell growth, most notably by enabling an effective antitumor immune response by the host. (C) 2017 AACR.}, language = {en} } @article{HolzgrefeLangWellmannHoehleetal.2018, author = {Holzgrefe-Lang, Julia and Wellmann, Caroline and H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Wartenburger, Isabell}, title = {Infants' Processing of Prosodic Cues}, series = {Language and speech}, volume = {61}, journal = {Language and speech}, number = {1}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {0023-8309}, doi = {10.1177/0023830917730590}, pages = {153 -- 169}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Infants as young as six months are sensitive to prosodic phrase boundaries marked by three acoustic cues: pitch change, final lengthening, and pause. Behavioral studies suggest that a language-specific weighting of these cues develops during the first year of life; recent work on German revealed that eight-month-olds, unlike six-month-olds, are capable of perceiving a prosodic boundary on the basis of pitch change and final lengthening only. The present study uses Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) to investigate the neuro-cognitive development of prosodic cue perception in German-learning infants. In adults' ERPs, prosodic boundary perception is clearly reflected by the so-called Closure Positive Shift (CPS). To date, there is mixed evidence on whether an infant CPS exists that signals early prosodic cue perception, or whether the CPS emerges only later—the latter implying that infantile brain responses to prosodic boundaries reflect acoustic, low-level pause detection. We presented six- and eight-month-olds with stimuli containing either no boundary cues, only a pitch cue, or a combination of both pitch change and final lengthening. For both age groups, responses to the former two conditions did not differ, while brain responses to prosodic boundaries cued by pitch change and final lengthening showed a positivity that we interpret as a CPS-like infant ERP component. This hints at an early sensitivity to prosodic boundaries that cannot exclusively be based on pause detection. Instead, infants' brain responses indicate an early ability to exploit subtle, relational prosodic cues in speech perception—presumably even earlier than could be concluded from previous behavioral results.}, language = {en} } @article{KhiderEmileGeayMcKayetal.2019, author = {Khider, D. and Emile-Geay, J. and McKay, N. P. and Gil, Y. and Garijo, D. and Ratnakar, V and Alonso-Garcia, M. and Bertrand, S. and Bothe, O. and Brewer, P. and Bunn, A. and Chevalier, M. and Comas-Bru, L. and Csank, A. and Dassie, E. and DeLong, K. and Felis, T. and Francus, P. and Frappier, A. and Gray, W. and Goring, S. and Jonkers, L. and Kahle, M. and Kaufman, D. and Kehrwald, N. M. and Martrat, B. and McGregor, H. and Richey, J. and Schmittner, A. and Scroxton, N. and Sutherland, E. and Thirumalai, Kaustubh and Allen, K. and Arnaud, F. and Axford, Y. and Barrows, T. and Bazin, L. and Birch, S. E. Pilaar and Bradley, E. and Bregy, J. and Capron, E. and Cartapanis, O. and Chiang, H-W and Cobb, K. M. and Debret, M. and Dommain, R{\´e}ne and Du, J. and Dyez, K. and Emerick, S. and Erb, M. P. and Falster, G. and Finsinger, W. and Fortier, D. and Gauthier, Nicolas and George, S. and Grimm, E. and Hertzberg, J. and Hibbert, F. and Hillman, A. and Hobbs, W. and Huber, M. and Hughes, A. L. C. and Jaccard, S. and Ruan, J. and Kienast, M. and Konecky, B. and Le Roux, G. and Lyubchich, V and Novello, V. F. and Olaka, L. and Partin, J. W. and Pearce, C. and Phipps, S. J. and Pignol, C. and Piotrowska, N. and Poli, M-S and Prokopenko, A. and Schwanck, F. and Stepanek, C. and Swann, G. E. A. and Telford, R. and Thomas, E. and Thomas, Z. and Truebe, S. and von Gunten, L. and Waite, A. and Weitzel, N. and Wilhelm, B. and Williams, J. and Winstrup, M. and Zhao, N. and Zhou, Y.}, title = {PaCTS 1.0: A Crowdsourced Reporting Standard for Paleoclimate Data}, series = {Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology}, volume = {34}, journal = {Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology}, number = {10}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2572-4517}, doi = {10.1029/2019PA003632}, pages = {1570 -- 1596}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The progress of science is tied to the standardization of measurements, instruments, and data. This is especially true in the Big Data age, where analyzing large data volumes critically hinges on the data being standardized. Accordingly, the lack of community-sanctioned data standards in paleoclimatology has largely precluded the benefits of Big Data advances in the field. Building upon recent efforts to standardize the format and terminology of paleoclimate data, this article describes the Paleoclimate Community reporTing Standard (PaCTS), a crowdsourced reporting standard for such data. PaCTS captures which information should be included when reporting paleoclimate data, with the goal of maximizing the reuse value of paleoclimate data sets, particularly for synthesis work and comparison to climate model simulations. Initiated by the LinkedEarth project, the process to elicit a reporting standard involved an international workshop in 2016, various forms of digital community engagement over the next few years, and grassroots working groups. Participants in this process identified important properties across paleoclimate archives, in addition to the reporting of uncertainties and chronologies; they also identified archive-specific properties and distinguished reporting standards for new versus legacy data sets. This work shows that at least 135 respondents overwhelmingly support a drastic increase in the amount of metadata accompanying paleoclimate data sets. Since such goals are at odds with present practices, we discuss a transparent path toward implementing or revising these recommendations in the near future, using both bottom-up and top-down approaches.}, language = {en} } @article{SilantevaKomolkinMamontovaetal.2020, author = {Silanteva, Irina A. and Komolkin, Andrei and Mamontova, Veronika V. and Vorontsov-Velyaminov, Pavel N. and Santer, Svetlana and Kasyanenko, Nina A.}, title = {Some features of surfactant organization in DNA solutions at various NaCl concentrations}, series = {ACS omega / American Chemical Society}, volume = {5}, journal = {ACS omega / American Chemical Society}, number = {29}, publisher = {ACS Publications}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2470-1343}, doi = {10.1021/acsomega.0c01850}, pages = {18234 -- 18243}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The photosensitive azobenzene-containing surfactant C-4-Azo-OC(6)TMAB is a promising agent for reversible DNA packaging in a solution. The simulation of the trans-isomer surfactant organization into associates in a solution with and without salt as well as its binding to DNA at different NaCl concentrations was carried out by molecular dynamics. Experimental data obtained by spectral and hydrodynamic methods were used to verify the results of simulation. It was shown that head-to-tail aggregates with close to antiparallel orientation of surfactant molecules were formed at certain NaCl and surfactant concentrations (below critical micelle concentration). Such aggregates have two positively charged ends, and therefore, they can be attracted to negatively charged DNA phosphates far located along the chain, as well as those that belong to different molecules. This contributes to the formation of intermolecular DNA-DNA contacts, and this way, the experimentally observed precipitation of DNA can be explained.}, language = {en} } @article{VasyuraBathkeDettmerDuttaetal.2021, author = {Vasyura-Bathke, Hannes and Dettmer, Jan and Dutta, Rishabh and Mai, Paul Martin and J{\´o}nsson, Sigurj{\´o}n}, title = {Accounting for theory errors with empirical Bayesian noise models in nonlinear centroid moment tensor estimation}, series = {Geophysical journal international / the Royal Astronomical Society, the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft and the European Geophysical Society}, volume = {225}, journal = {Geophysical journal international / the Royal Astronomical Society, the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft and the European Geophysical Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0956-540X}, doi = {10.1093/gji/ggab034}, pages = {1412 -- 1431}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Centroid moment tensor (CMT) parameters can be estimated from seismic waveforms. Since these data indirectly observe the deformation process, CMTs are inferred as solutions to inverse problems which are generally underdetermined and require significant assumptions, including assumptions about data noise. Broadly speaking, we consider noise to include both theory and measurement errors, where theory errors are due to assumptions in the inverse problem and measurement errors are caused by the measurement process. While data errors are routinely included in parameter estimation for full CMTs, less attention has been paid to theory errors related to velocity-model uncertainties and how these affect the resulting moment-tensor (MT) uncertainties. Therefore, rigorous uncertainty quantification for CMTs may require theory-error estimation which becomes a problem of specifying noise models. Various noise models have been proposed, and these rely on several assumptions. All approaches quantify theory errors by estimating the covariance matrix of data residuals. However, this estimation can be based on explicit modelling, empirical estimation and/or ignore or include covariances. We quantitatively compare several approaches by presenting parameter and uncertainty estimates in nonlinear full CMT estimation for several simulated data sets and regional field data of the M-1 4.4, 2015 June 13 Fox Creek, Canada, event. While our main focus is at regional distances, the tested approaches are general and implemented for arbitrary source model choice. These include known or unknown centroid locations, full MTs, deviatoric MTs and double-couple MTs. We demonstrate that velocity-model uncertainties can profoundly affect parameter estimation and that their inclusion leads to more realistic parameter uncertainty quantification. However, not all approaches perform equally well. Including theory errors by estimating non-stationary (non-Toeplitz) error covariance matrices via iterative schemes during Monte Carlo sampling performs best and is computationally most efficient. In general, including velocity-model uncertainties is most important in cases where velocity structure is poorly known.}, language = {en} } @article{WollnyJacobsPabel2020, author = {Wollny, Anna Irena and Jacobs, Ingo and Pabel, Luise}, title = {Trait emotional intelligence and relationship satisfaction}, series = {The journal of psychology : interdisciplinary and applied}, volume = {154}, journal = {The journal of psychology : interdisciplinary and applied}, number = {1}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0022-3980}, doi = {10.1080/00223980.2019.1661343}, pages = {75 -- 93}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Trait emotional intelligence (TEI) is an important individual difference variable that is related to the quality of romantic relationships. The present study investigated the associations between TEI, dyadic coping, and relationship satisfaction. A convenience sample of N = 136 heterosexual couples was recruited online. When the actor-partner interdependence model was applied to the data, TEI showed a positive actor effect and a positive partner effect on relationship satisfaction. The actor effect and partner effect of TEI on relationship satisfaction were partially mediated through positive dyadic coping and common dyadic coping, respectively. A small total indirect actor effect was also found for negative dyadic coping. Controlling for potential content overlap between TEI and relationship satisfaction did not alter the results. However, removing variance from the TEI score that was shared with the Big Five trait factors attenuated TEI's actor and partner effects on relationship satisfaction and rendered all but one actor effect for TEI on dyadic coping and all but one indirect effect nonsignificant. The results underline the importance of TEI for the quality of romantic relationships and they shed light on underlying mechanisms. Implications for theory, research, and applications in counseling contexts will be discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{VoellerSchwaab2020, author = {V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Schwaab, Bernhard}, title = {Kardiologische Rehabilitation}, series = {Der Kardiologe : die Fortbildungszeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Kardiologie, Herz- und Kreislaufforschung}, volume = {14}, journal = {Der Kardiologe : die Fortbildungszeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Kardiologie, Herz- und Kreislaufforschung}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1864-9718}, doi = {10.1007/s12181-020-00384-2}, pages = {106 -- 112}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Hintergrund Eine Verl{\"a}ngerung der Lebens- und Arbeitszeit erfordert einen aktiven Lebensstil, eine Optimierung von kardiovaskul{\"a}ren Risikofaktoren und psychosoziale Unterst{\"u}tzung chronisch Herzkranker. Fragestellung K{\"o}nnen die Prognose und Lebensqualit{\"a}t sowie die soziale oder berufliche Teilhabe kardiovaskul{\"a}r Erkrankter durch kardiologische Rehabilitation (KardReha) verbessert werden? Material und Methode Auf der Grundlage neuer Metaanalysen und aktueller Positionspapiere gibt die S3-Leitlinie zur kardiologischen Rehabilitation evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen. Ergebnisse Eine KardReha reduziert bei Patienten nach akutem Koronarsyndrom, nach PCI („percutaneous coronary interventions") oder nach aortokoronarer Koronarbypassoperation (ACB-Op.) sowie nach Klappenkorrektur die Gesamtsterblichkeit. Bei Patienten mit systolischer Herzinsuffizienz (HFrEF [„heart failure with reduced ejection fraction"]) werden Belastbarkeit und Lebensqualit{\"a}t durch eine KardReha verbessert. Psychosozialer Distress kann verringert und die berufliche Wiedereingliederung besser strukturiert werden. Schlussfolgerung Im Jahr 2019 liegen aktuelle, evidenzbasierte Leitlinien vor, die aufgrund verbesserter Prognose, Belastbarkeit und Lebensqualit{\"a}t eine multimodale kardiologische Rehabilitation bei Patienten nach akutem kardialem Ereignis auch bei technischem Fortschritt (z. B. katheterbasierter Klappenkorrektur) und unter Aspekten der sozialen und beruflichen Teilhabe empfehlen.}, language = {de} } @misc{Buerkner2020, author = {B{\"u}rkner, Hans-Joachim}, title = {Europeanisation versus Euroscepticism}, series = {Geopolitics}, volume = {25}, journal = {Geopolitics}, number = {3}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Philadelphia, Pa. [u.a]}, issn = {1465-0045}, doi = {10.1080/14650045.2020.1723964}, pages = {545 -- 566}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Several overlapping crises which affected the EU during the past ten years have recently aggravated. Especially the progressing refugee crisis, the persisting financial crisis and geopolitical turmoil in the EU's neighbourhood contributed to the rise of anti-EU movements and diverse articulations of Euroscepticism. Although public opinion and mainstream political analysis have easily identified right-wing populism as one of the most important drivers, it is still doubtful if it can be equated with Euroscepticism without further ado. To date it is by no means clear how and where Euroscepticism exactly originates.}, language = {en} } @article{McVeyKimTabuchietal.2017, author = {McVey, Mark J. and Kim, Michael and Tabuchi, Arata and Srbely, Victoria and Japtok, Lukasz and Arenz, Christoph and Rotstein, Ori and Kleuser, Burkhard and Semple, John W. and Kuebler, Wolfgang M.}, title = {Acid sphingomyelinase mediates murine acute lung injury following transfusion of aged platelets}, series = {American journal of physiology : Lung cellular and molecular physiology}, volume = {312}, journal = {American journal of physiology : Lung cellular and molecular physiology}, number = {5}, publisher = {American Physiological Society}, address = {Bethesda}, issn = {1040-0605}, doi = {10.1152/ajplung.00317.2016}, pages = {625 -- 637}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Pulmonary complications from stored blood products are the leading cause of mortality related to transfusion. Transfusion-related acute lung injury is mediated by antibodies or bioactive mediators, yet underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Sphingolipids such as ceramide regulate lung injury, and their composition changes as a function of time in stored blood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that aged platelets may induce lung injury via a sphingolipid-mediated mechanism. To assess this hypothesis, a two-hit mouse model was devised. Recipient mice were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets treated with or without addition of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 or platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, which both reduce ceramide formation. Transfused mice were examined for signs of pulmonary neutrophil accumulation, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and histological evidence of lung injury. Sphingolipid profiles in stored platelets were analyzed by mass spectrophotometry. Transfusion of aged platelets into primed mice induced characteristic features of lung injury, which increased in severity as a function of storage time. Ceramide accumulated in platelets during storage, but this was attenuated by ARC39 or in acid sphingomyelinase-deficient platelets. Compared with wild-type platelets, transfusion of ARC39-treated or acid sphingomyelinase-deficient aged platelets alleviated lung injury. Aged platelets elicit lung injury in primed recipient mice, which can be alleviated by pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of acid sphingomyelinase. Interventions targeting sphingolipid formation represent a promising strategy to increase the safety and longevity of stored blood products.}, language = {en} } @article{DeyouMarcoHeydenreichetal.2017, author = {Deyou, Tsegaye and Marco, Makungu and Heydenreich, Matthias and Pan, Fangfang and Gruhonjic, Amra and Fitzpatrick, Paul A. and Koch, Andreas and Derese, Solomon and Pelletier, Jerry and Rissanen, Kari and Yenesew, Abiy and Erdelyi, Mate}, title = {Isoflavones and Rotenoids from the Leaves of Millettia oblata ssp teitensis}, series = {Journal of natural products}, volume = {80}, journal = {Journal of natural products}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0163-3864}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00255}, pages = {2060 -- 2066}, year = {2017}, abstract = {A new isoflavone, 8-prenylmilldrone (1), and four new rotenoids, oblarotenoids A-D (2-5), along with nine known compounds (6-14), were isolated from the CH2Cl2/CH3OH (1:1) extract of the leaves of Millettia oblata ssp. teitensis by chromatographic separation. The purified compounds were identified by NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses, whereas the absolute configurations of the rotenoids were established on the basis of chiroptical data and in some cases by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Maximaisoflavone J (11) and oblarotenoid C (4) showed weak activity against the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 with IC50 values of 33.3 and 93.8 mu M, respectively.}, language = {en} } @article{DrimallaLandwehrHessetal.2019, author = {Drimalla, Hanna and Landwehr, Niels and Hess, Ursula and Dziobek, Isabel}, title = {From face to face}, series = {Cognition and Emotion}, volume = {33}, journal = {Cognition and Emotion}, number = {8}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0269-9931}, doi = {10.1080/02699931.2019.1596068}, pages = {1672 -- 1686}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Despite advances in the conceptualisation of facial mimicry, its role in the processing of social information is a matter of debate. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between mimicry and cognitive and emotional empathy. To assess mimicry, facial electromyography was recorded for 70 participants while they completed the Multifaceted Empathy Test, which presents complex context-embedded emotional expressions. As predicted, inter-individual differences in emotional and cognitive empathy were associated with the level of facial mimicry. For positive emotions, the intensity of the mimicry response scaled with the level of state emotional empathy. Mimicry was stronger for the emotional empathy task compared to the cognitive empathy task. The specific empathy condition could be successfully detected from facial muscle activity at the level of single individuals using machine learning techniques. These results support the view that mimicry occurs depending on the social context as a tool to affiliate and it is involved in cognitive as well as emotional empathy.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BoginHermanussenScheffler2021, author = {Bogin, Barry and Hermanussen, Michael and Scheffler, Christiane}, title = {Fear, violence, inequality and stunting in Guatemala}, series = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Association}, volume = {33}, booktitle = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Association}, publisher = {Wiley Interscience}, address = {New York, NY [u.a.]}, issn = {1520-6300}, doi = {10.1002/ajhb.23593}, pages = {1}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BoehmeWuttkeBenderetal.2023, author = {B{\"o}hme, Lukas and Wuttke, Tobias and Bender, Benedict and Teusner, Ralf and Baltes, Sebastian and Matthies, Christoph and Perscheid, Michael}, title = {From full-fledged erp systems towards process-centric business process platforms}, series = {Twenty-ninth Americas Conference on Information Systems, Panama, 2023}, booktitle = {Twenty-ninth Americas Conference on Information Systems, Panama, 2023}, publisher = {arXiv.org, Cornell University}, address = {Ithaca, NY}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2306.02995}, pages = {10}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are critical to the success of enterprises, facilitating business operations through standardized digital processes. However, existing ERP systems are unsuitable for startups and small and medium-sized enterprises that grow quickly and require adaptable solutions with low barriers to entry. Drawing upon 15 explorative interviews with industry experts, we examine the challenges of current ERP systems using the task technology fit theory across companies of varying sizes. We describe high entry barriers, high costs of implementing implicit processes, and insufficient interoperability of already employed tools. We present a vision of a future business process platform based on three enablers: Business processes as first-class entities, semantic data and processes, and cloud-native elasticity and high availability. We discuss how these enablers address current ERP systems' challenges and how they may be used for research on the next generation of business software for tomorrow's enterprises.}, language = {en} } @article{Drathschmidt2023, author = {Drathschmidt, Nicolas}, title = {Ist digital immer besser? Wie Verwaltungsmitarbeitende mit unn{\"o}tiger B{\"u}rokratie umgehen}, series = {AWV-Informationen}, volume = {6}, journal = {AWV-Informationen}, number = {1}, publisher = {AWV - Arbeitsgemeinschaft f{\"u}r wirtschaftliche Verwaltung e.V.}, address = {Eschborn}, issn = {0342-7927}, pages = {3}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @article{VietzeJuangSchachner2019, author = {Vietze, Jana and Juang, Linda P. and Schachner, Maja Katharina}, title = {Peer cultural socialisation}, series = {Intercultural Education}, volume = {30}, journal = {Intercultural Education}, number = {5}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1467-5986}, doi = {10.1080/14675986.2019.1586213}, pages = {579 -- 598}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This study investigated how peers can contribute to cultural minority students' cultural identity, life satisfaction, and school values (school importance, utility, and intrinsic values) by talking about cultural values, beliefs, and behaviours associated with heritage and mainstream culture (peer cultural socialisation). We further distinguished between heritage and mainstream identity as two separate dimensions of cultural identity. Analyses were based on self-reports of 662 students of the first, second, and third migrant generation in Germany (Mean age = 14.75 years, 51\% female). Path analyses revealed that talking about heritage culture with friends was positively related to heritage identity. Talking about mainstream culture with friends was negatively associated with heritage identity, but positively with mainstream identity as well as school values. Both dimensions of cultural identity related to higher life satisfaction and more positive school values. As expected, heritage and mainstream identity mediated the link between peer cultural socialisation and adjustment outcomes. Findings highlight the potential of peers as socialisation agents to help promote cultural belonging as well as positive adjustment of cultural minority youth in the school context.}, language = {en} }