@article{Bahl2022, author = {Bahl, Peter}, title = {Belastung und Bereicherung - Vertriebene in Brandenburg ab 1945}, series = {Hier geblieben? Brandenburg als Einwanderungsland vom Mittelalter bis heute}, journal = {Hier geblieben? Brandenburg als Einwanderungsland vom Mittelalter bis heute}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-506-4}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54686}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-546864}, pages = {209 -- 223}, year = {2022}, language = {de} } @article{DwiPutraReichetzederHasanetal.2020, author = {Dwi Putra, Sulistyo Emantoko and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Hasan, Ahmed Abdallah Abdalrahman Mohamed and Slowinski, Torsten and Chu, Chang and Kr{\"a}mer, Bernhard K. and Kleuser, Burkhard and Hocher, Berthold}, title = {Being born large for gestational age is associated with increased global placental DNA methylation}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {10}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-57725-0}, pages = {1 -- 10}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Being born small (SGA) or large for gestational age (LGA) is associated with adverse birth outcomes and metabolic diseases in later life of the offspring. It is known that aberrations in growth during gestation are related to altered placental function. Placental function is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation. Several studies in recent years have demonstrated associations between altered patterns of DNA methylation and adverse birth outcomes. However, larger studies that reliably investigated global DNA methylation are lacking. The aim of this study was to characterize global placental DNA methylation in relationship to size for gestational age. Global DNA methylation was assessed in 1023 placental samples by LC-MS/MS. LGA offspring displayed significantly higher global placental DNA methylation compared to appropriate for gestational age (AGA; p<0.001). ANCOVA analyses adjusted for known factors impacting on DNA methylation demonstrated an independent association between placental global DNA methylation and LGA births (p<0.001). Tertile stratification according to global placental DNA methylation levels revealed a significantly higher frequency of LGA births in the third tertile. Furthermore, a multiple logistic regression analysis corrected for known factors influencing birth weight highlighted an independent positive association between global placental DNA methylation and the frequency of LGA births (p=0.001).}, language = {en} } @article{ParrySchlaegelTiedemannetal.2022, author = {Parry, Victor and Schl{\"a}gel, Ulrike E. and Tiedemann, Ralph and Weithoff, Guntram}, title = {Behavioural Responses of Defended and Undefended Prey to Their Predator}, series = {Biology}, volume = {11}, journal = {Biology}, number = {8}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel, Schweiz}, issn = {2079-7737}, doi = {10.3390/biology11081217}, pages = {14}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Predation is a strong species interaction causing severe harm or death to prey. Thus, prey species have evolved various defence strategies to minimize predation risk, which may be immediate (e.g., a change in behaviour) or transgenerational (morphological defence structures). We studied the behaviour of two strains of a rotiferan prey (Brachionus calyciflorus) that differ in their ability to develop morphological defences in response to their predator Asplanchna brightwellii. Using video analysis, we tested: (a) if two strains differ in their response to predator presence and predator cues when both are undefended; (b) whether defended individuals respond to live predators or their cues; and (c) if the morphological defence (large spines) per se has an effect on the swimming behaviour. We found a clear increase in swimming speed for both undefended strains in predator presence. However, the defended specimens responded neither to the predator presence nor to their cues, showing that they behave indifferently to their predator when they are defended. We did not detect an effect of the spines on the swimming behaviour. Our study demonstrates a complex plastic behaviour of the prey, not only in the presence of their predator, but also with respect to their defence status.}, language = {en} } @article{ParrySchlaegelTiedemannetal.2022, author = {Parry, Victor and Schl{\"a}gel, Ulrike E. and Tiedemann, Ralph and Weithoff, Guntram}, title = {Behavioural responses of defended and undefended prey to their predator}, series = {Biology : open access journal}, volume = {11}, journal = {Biology : open access journal}, number = {8}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2079-7737}, doi = {10.3390/biology11081217}, pages = {14}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Many animals that have to cope with predation have evolved mechanisms to reduce their predation risk. One of these mechanisms is change in morphology, for example, the development of spines. These spines are induced, when mothers receive chemical signals of a predator (kairomones) and their daughters are then equipped with defensive spines. We studied the behaviour of a prey and its predator when the prey is either defended or undefended. We used common aquatic micro-invertebrates, the rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus (prey) and Asplanchna brightwellii (predator) as experimental animals. We found that undefended prey increased its swimming speed in the presence of the predator. The striking result was that the defended prey did not respond to the predator's presence. This suggests that defended prey has a different response behaviour to a predator than undefended conspecifics. Our study provides further insights into complex zooplankton predator-prey interactions. Predation is a strong species interaction causing severe harm or death to prey. Thus, prey species have evolved various defence strategies to minimize predation risk, which may be immediate (e.g., a change in behaviour) or transgenerational (morphological defence structures). We studied the behaviour of two strains of a rotiferan prey (Brachionus calyciflorus) that differ in their ability to develop morphological defences in response to their predator Asplanchna brightwellii. Using video analysis, we tested: (a) if two strains differ in their response to predator presence and predator cues when both are undefended; (b) whether defended individuals respond to live predators or their cues; and (c) if the morphological defence (large spines) per se has an effect on the swimming behaviour. We found a clear increase in swimming speed for both undefended strains in predator presence. However, the defended specimens responded neither to the predator presence nor to their cues, showing that they behave indifferently to their predator when they are defended. We did not detect an effect of the spines on the swimming behaviour. Our study demonstrates a complex plastic behaviour of the prey, not only in the presence of their predator, but also with respect to their defence status.}, language = {en} } @article{BrandesSicksBerger2021, author = {Brandes, Stefanie and Sicks, Florian and Berger, Anne}, title = {Behaviour classification on giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) using machine learning algorithms on triaxial acceleration data of two commonly used GPS devices and its possible application for their management and conservation}, series = {Sensors}, volume = {21}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {6}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {10.3390/s21062229}, pages = {22}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Averting today's loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services can be achieved through conservation efforts, especially of keystone species. Giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) play an important role in sustaining Africa's ecosystems, but are 'vulnerable' according to the IUCN Red List since 2016. Monitoring an animal's behavior in the wild helps to develop and assess their conservation management. One mechanism for remote tracking of wildlife behavior is to attach accelerometers to animals to record their body movement. We tested two different commercially available high-resolution accelerometers, e-obs and Africa Wildlife Tracking (AWT), attached to the top of the heads of three captive giraffes and analyzed the accuracy of automatic behavior classifications, focused on the Random Forests algorithm. For both accelerometers, behaviors of lower variety in head and neck movements could be better predicted (i.e., feeding above eye level, mean prediction accuracy e-obs/AWT: 97.6\%/99.7\%; drinking: 96.7\%/97.0\%) than those with a higher variety of body postures (such as standing: 90.7-91.0\%/75.2-76.7\%; rumination: 89.6-91.6\%/53.5-86.5\%). Nonetheless both devices come with limitations and especially the AWT needs technological adaptations before applying it on animals in the wild. Nevertheless, looking at the prediction results, both are promising accelerometers for behavioral classification of giraffes. Therefore, these devices when applied to free-ranging animals, in combination with GPS tracking, can contribute greatly to the conservation of giraffes.}, language = {en} } @article{ŞahinEgloffsteinBotheetal.2021, author = {Şahin, Muhittin and Egloffstein, Marc and Bothe, Max and Rohloff, Tobias and Schenk, Nathanael and Schwerer, Florian and Ifenthaler, Dirk}, title = {Behavioral Patterns in Enterprise MOOCs at openSAP}, series = {EMOOCs 2021}, volume = {2021}, journal = {EMOOCs 2021}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-512-5}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-51735}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-517350}, pages = {281 -- 288}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{GüntherReitzKoncebovskiKlöpping2022, author = {G{\"u}nther, Claudia-Susanne and Reitz-Koncebovski, Karen and Klöpping, Peter M.}, title = {Begegnungen mit Mathematik}, series = {Professionalisierung in Praxisphasen : Ergebnisse der Lehrerbildungsforschung an der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam (Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge zur Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung ; 2)}, journal = {Professionalisierung in Praxisphasen : Ergebnisse der Lehrerbildungsforschung an der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam (Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge zur Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung ; 2)}, number = {2}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-508-8}, issn = {2626-3556}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-57075}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-570755}, pages = {123 -- 143}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Die Reflexion der eigenen mathematischen Bildungsbiografie angehender Mathematiklehrkr{\"a}fte bietet eine bisher wenig beachtete, aber lohnende Perspektive auf ihre zuk{\"u}nftige Lehrt{\"a}tigkeit. Insbesondere bei negativen Vorerfahrungen mit Mathematik bietet die biografische Reflexion eine Gelegenheit zur Aufarbeitung. An der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam wurde deshalb f{\"u}r Studierende des Mathematiklehramts f{\"u}r die Primar- und die Sekundarstufe ein freiwilliges Angebot zur Besch{\"a}ftigung mit der mathematischen Bildungsbiografie geschaffen. Seit dem Wintersemester 2018/19 ist dieses Angebot in das Fachdidaktische Tagespraktikum integriert. Dieser Artikel stellt den theoretischen und methodischen Hintergrund des Workshops dar. Zudem werden erste Ergebnisse einer begleitenden Untersuchung unter den Workshopteilnehmenden vorgestellt.}, language = {de} } @article{daSilvaCostaHortobagyidenOtteretal.2022, author = {da Silva Costa, Andreia Abud and Hortobagyi, Tibor and den Otter, Rob and Sawers, Andrew and Moraes, Renato}, title = {Beam width and arm position but not cognitive task affect walking balance in older adults}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, journal = {Scientific reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nature Research}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-10848-y}, pages = {10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Detection of changes in dynamic balance could help identify older adults at fall risk. Walking on a narrow beam with its width, cognitive load, and arm position manipulated could be an alternative to current tests. Therefore, we examined additive and interactive effects of beam width, cognitive task (CT), and arm position on dynamic balance during beam walking in older adults. Twenty older adults (69 +/- 4y) walked on 6, 8, and 10-cm wide beams (2-cm high, 4-m-long), with and without CT, with three arm positions (free, crossed, akimbo). We determined cognitive errors, distance walked, step speed, root mean square (RMS) of center of mass (COM) displacement and trunk acceleration in the frontal plane. Beam width decrease progressively reduced distance walked and increased trunk acceleration RMS. Step speed decreased on the narrowest beam and with CT. Arm crossing decreased distance walked and step speed. COM displacement RMS and cognitive errors were not affected by any manipulation. In conclusion, distance walked indicated that beam width and arm position, but less so CT, affected dynamic balance, implying that beam walking has the potential to become a test of fall risk. Stability measurements suggested effective trunk adjustments to control COM position and keep dynamic balance during the task.}, language = {en} } @article{SecklerMetzler2022, author = {Seckler, Henrik and Metzler, Ralf}, title = {Bayesian deep learning for error estimation in the analysis of anomalous diffusion}, series = {Nature Communnications}, volume = {13}, journal = {Nature Communnications}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK}, address = {London}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-34305-6}, pages = {13}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Modern single-particle-tracking techniques produce extensive time-series of diffusive motion in a wide variety of systems, from single-molecule motion in living-cells to movement ecology. The quest is to decipher the physical mechanisms encoded in the data and thus to better understand the probed systems. We here augment recently proposed machine-learning techniques for decoding anomalous-diffusion data to include an uncertainty estimate in addition to the predicted output. To avoid the Black-Box-Problem a Bayesian-Deep-Learning technique named Stochastic-Weight-Averaging-Gaussian is used to train models for both the classification of the diffusionmodel and the regression of the anomalous diffusion exponent of single-particle-trajectories. Evaluating their performance, we find that these models can achieve a wellcalibrated error estimate while maintaining high prediction accuracies. In the analysis of the output uncertainty predictions we relate these to properties of the underlying diffusion models, thus providing insights into the learning process of the machine and the relevance of the output.}, language = {en} } @article{SecklerMetzler2022, author = {Seckler, Henrik and Metzler, Ralf}, title = {Bayesian deep learning for error estimation in the analysis of anomalous diffusion}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {13}, journal = {Nature Communications}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nature portfolio}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-34305-6}, pages = {13}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Modern single-particle-tracking techniques produce extensive time-series of diffusive motion in a wide variety of systems, from single-molecule motion in living-cells to movement ecology. The quest is to decipher the physical mechanisms encoded in the data and thus to better understand the probed systems. We here augment recently proposed machine-learning techniques for decoding anomalous-diffusion data to include an uncertainty estimate in addition to the predicted output. To avoid the Black-Box-Problem a Bayesian-Deep-Learning technique named Stochastic-Weight-Averaging-Gaussian is used to train models for both the classification of the diffusion model and the regression of the anomalous diffusion exponent of single-particle-trajectories. Evaluating their performance, we find that these models can achieve a well-calibrated error estimate while maintaining high prediction accuracies. In the analysis of the output uncertainty predictions we relate these to properties of the underlying diffusion models, thus providing insights into the learning process of the machine and the relevance of the output.
Diffusive motions in complex environments such as living biological cells or soft matter systems can be analyzed with single-particle-tracking approaches, where accuracy of output may vary. The authors involve a machine-learning technique for decoding anomalous-diffusion data and provide an uncertainty estimate together with predicted output.}, language = {en} } @article{LindborgAndersen2021, author = {Lindborg, Alma and Andersen, Tobias S.}, title = {Bayesian binding and fusion models explain illusion and enhancement effects in audiovisual speech perception}, series = {PLoS one}, volume = {16}, journal = {PLoS one}, number = {2}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0246986}, pages = {18}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Speech is perceived with both the ears and the eyes. Adding congruent visual speech improves the perception of a faint auditory speech stimulus, whereas adding incongruent visual speech can alter the perception of the utterance. The latter phenomenon is the case of the McGurk illusion, where an auditory stimulus such as e.g. "ba" dubbed onto a visual stimulus such as "ga" produces the illusion of hearing "da". Bayesian models of multisensory perception suggest that both the enhancement and the illusion case can be described as a two-step process of binding (informed by prior knowledge) and fusion (informed by the information reliability of each sensory cue). However, there is to date no study which has accounted for how they each contribute to audiovisual speech perception. In this study, we expose subjects to both congruent and incongruent audiovisual speech, manipulating the binding and the fusion stages simultaneously. This is done by varying both temporal offset (binding) and auditory and visual signal-to-noise ratio (fusion). We fit two Bayesian models to the behavioural data and show that they can both account for the enhancement effect in congruent audiovisual speech, as well as the McGurk illusion. This modelling approach allows us to disentangle the effects of binding and fusion on behavioural responses. Moreover, we find that these models have greater predictive power than a forced fusion model. This study provides a systematic and quantitative approach to measuring audiovisual integration in the perception of the McGurk illusion as well as congruent audiovisual speech, which we hope will inform future work on audiovisual speech perception.}, language = {en} } @article{PietrekKangasKliegletal.2022, author = {Pietrek, Anou F. and Kangas, Maria and Kliegl, Reinhold and Rapp, Michael A. and Heinzel, Stephan and Van der Kaap-Deeder, Jolene and Heissel, Andreas}, title = {Basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration in major depressive disorder}, series = {Frontiers in Psychiatry - Mood Disorders}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry - Mood Disorders}, publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.}, address = {Lausanne, Schweiz}, issn = {1664-0640}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2022.962501}, pages = {1 -- 10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Basic psychological needs theory postulates that a social environment that satisfies individuals' three basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness leads to optimal growth and well-being. On the other hand, the frustration of these needs is associated with ill-being and depressive symptoms foremost investigated in non-clinical samples; yet, there is a paucity of research on need frustration in clinical samples. Survey data were compared between adult individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 115; 48.69\% female; 38.46 years, SD = 10.46) with those of a non-depressed comparison sample (n = 201; 53.23\% female; 30.16 years, SD = 12.81). Need profiles were examined with a linear mixed model (LMM). Individuals with depression reported higher levels of frustration and lower levels of satisfaction in relation to the three basic psychological needs when compared to non-depressed adults. The difference between depressed and non-depressed groups was significantly larger for frustration than satisfaction regarding the needs for relatedness and competence. LMM correlation parameters confirmed the expected positive correlation between the three needs. This is the first study showing substantial differences in need-based experiences between depressed and non-depressed adults. The results confirm basic assumptions of the self-determination theory and have preliminary implications in tailoring therapy for depression.}, language = {en} } @article{IlicicGrossart2022, author = {Ilicic, Doris and Grossart, Hans-Peter}, title = {Basal parasitic fungi in marine food webs-a mystery yet to unravel}, series = {Journal of Fungi}, volume = {8}, journal = {Journal of Fungi}, number = {2}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2309-608X}, doi = {10.3390/jof8020114}, pages = {16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Although aquatic and parasitic fungi have been well known for more than 100 years, they have only recently received increased awareness due to their key roles in microbial food webs and biogeochemical cycles. There is growing evidence indicating that fungi inhabit a wide range of marine habitats, from the deep sea all the way to surface waters, and recent advances in molecular tools, in particular metagenome approaches, reveal that their diversity is much greater and their ecological roles more important than previously considered. Parasitism constitutes one of the most widespread ecological interactions in nature, occurring in almost all environments. Despite that, the diversity of fungal parasites, their ecological functions, and, in particular their interactions with other microorganisms remain largely speculative, unexplored and are often missing from current theoretical concepts in marine ecology and biogeochemistry. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent research avenues on parasitic fungi and their ecological potential in marine ecosystems, e.g., the fungal shunt, and emphasize the need for further research.}, language = {en} } @article{HanKuhlicke2021, author = {Han, Sungju and Kuhlicke, Christian}, title = {Barriers and drivers for mainstreaming nature-based solutions for flood risks}, series = {International journal of disaster risk science}, volume = {12}, journal = {International journal of disaster risk science}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {2095-0055}, doi = {10.1007/s13753-021-00372-4}, pages = {661 -- 672}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Nature-based solutions (NBS) are seen as a promising adaptation measure that sustainably deals with diverse societal challenges, while simultaneously delivering multiple benefits. Nature-based solutions have been highlighted as a resilient and sustainable means of mitigating floods and other hazards globally. This study examined diverging conceptualizations of NBS, as well as the attitudinal (for example, emotions and beliefs) and contextual (for example, legal and political aspects) barriers and drivers of NBS for flood risks in South Korea. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 experts and focused on the topic of flood risk measures and NBS case studies. The analysis found 11 barriers and five drivers in the attitudinal domain, and 13 barriers and two drivers in the contextual domain. Most experts see direct monetary benefits as an important attitudinal factor for the public. Meanwhile, the cost-effectiveness of NBS and their capacity to cope with flood risks were deemed influential factors that could lead decision makers to opt for NBS. Among the contextual factors, insufficient systems to integrate NBS in practice and the ideologicalization of NBS policy were found to be peculiar barriers, which hinder consistent realization of initiatives and a long-term national plan for NBS. Understanding the barriers and drivers related to the mainstreaming of NBS is critical if we are to make the most of such solutions for society and nature. It is also essential that we have a shared definition, expectation, and vision of NBS.}, language = {en} } @article{TranterDeLuciaKuehn2021, author = {Tranter, Morgan Alan and De Lucia, Marco and K{\"u}hn, Michael}, title = {Barite scaling potential modelled for fractured-porous geothermal reservoirs}, series = {Minerals}, volume = {11}, journal = {Minerals}, number = {11}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2075-163X}, doi = {10.3390/min11111198}, pages = {22}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Barite scalings are a common cause of permanent formation damage to deep geothermal reservoirs. Well injectivity can be impaired because the ooling of saline fluids reduces the solubility of barite, and the continuous re-injection of supersaturated fluids forces barite to precipitate in the host rock. Stimulated reservoirs in the Upper Rhine Graben often have multiple relevant flow paths in the porous matrix and fracture zones, sometimes spanning multiple stratigraphical units to achieve the economically necessary injectivity. While the influence of barite scaling on injectivity has been investigated for purely porous media, the role of fractures within reservoirs consisting of both fractured and porous sections is still not well understood. Here, we present hydro-chemical simulations of a dual-layer geothermal reservoir to study the long-term impact of barite scale formation on well injectivity. Our results show that, compared to purely porous reservoirs, fractured porous reservoirs have a significantly reduced scaling risk by up to 50\%, depending on the flow rate ratio of fractures. Injectivity loss is doubled, however, if the amount of active fractures is increased by one order of magnitude, while the mean fracture aperture is decreased, provided the fractured aquifer dictates the injection rate. We conclude that fractured, and especially hydraulically stimulated, reservoirs are generally less affected by barite scaling and that large, but few, fractures are favourable. We present a scaling score for fractured-porous reservoirs, which is composed of easily derivable quantities such as the radial equilibrium length and precipitation potential. This score is suggested for use approximating the scaling potential and its impact on injectivity of a fractured-porous reservoir for geothermal exploitation.}, language = {en} } @article{TranterDeLuciaWolfgrammetal.2020, author = {Tranter, Morgan Alan and De Lucia, Marco and Wolfgramm, Markus and K{\"u}hn, Michael}, title = {Barite scale formation and injectivity loss models for geothermal systems}, series = {Water}, volume = {12}, journal = {Water}, number = {11}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-4441}, doi = {10.3390/w12113078}, pages = {24}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Barite scales in geothermal installations are a highly unwanted effect of circulating deep saline fluids. They build up in the reservoir if supersaturated fluids are re-injected, leading to irreversible loss of injectivity. A model is presented for calculating the total expected barite precipitation. To determine the related injectivity decline over time, the spatial precipitation distribution in the subsurface near the injection well is assessed by modelling barite growth kinetics in a radially diverging Darcy flow domain. Flow and reservoir properties as well as fluid chemistry are chosen to represent reservoirs subject to geothermal exploration located in the North German Basin (NGB) and the Upper Rhine Graben (URG) in Germany. Fluids encountered at similar depths are hotter in the URG, while they are more saline in the NGB. The associated scaling amount normalised to flow rate is similar for both regions. The predicted injectivity decline after 10 years, on the other hand, is far greater for the NGB (64\%) compared to the URG (24\%), due to the temperature- and salinity-dependent precipitation rate. The systems in the NGB are at higher risk. Finally, a lightweight score is developed for approximating the injectivity loss using the Damkohler number, flow rate and total barite scaling potential. This formula can be easily applied to geothermal installations without running complex reactive transport simulations.}, language = {en} } @article{MazareiPenschkeSaalfrank2023, author = {Mazarei, Elham and Penschke, Christopher and Saalfrank, Peter}, title = {Band gap engineering in two-dimensional materials by functionalization}, series = {ACS Omega}, volume = {8}, journal = {ACS Omega}, number = {24}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2470-1343}, doi = {10.1021/acsomega.3c02068}, pages = {22026 -- 22041}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Graphene is well-knownfor its unique combination of electricaland mechanical properties. However, its vanishing band gap limitsthe use of graphene in microelectronics. Covalent functionalizationof graphene has been a common approach to address this critical issueand introduce a band gap. In this Article, we systematically analyzethe functionalization of single-layer graphene (SLG) and bilayer graphene(BLG) with methyl (CH3) using periodic density functionaltheory (DFT) at the PBE+D3 level of theory. We also include a comparisonof methylated single-layer and bilayer graphene, as well as a discussionof different methylation options (radicalic, cationic, and anionic).For SLG, methyl coverages ranging from 1/8 to 1/1, (i.e.,the fully methylated analogue of graphane) are considered. We findthat up to a coverage theta of 1/2, graphene readily accepts CH3, with neighbor CH3 groups preferring trans positions. Above theta = 1/2, the tendency to accept further CH3 weakens and the lattice constant increases. The band gapbehaves less regularly, but overall it increases with increasing methylcoverage. Thus, methylated graphene shows potential for developingband gap-tuned microelectronics devices and may offer further functionalizationoptions. To guide in the interpretation of methylation experiments,vibrational signatures of various species are characterized by normal-modeanalysis (NMA), their vibrational density of states (VDOS), and infrared(IR) spectra, the latter two are obtained from ab initio moleculardynamics (AIMD) in combination with a velocity-velocity autocorrelationfunction (VVAF) approach.}, language = {en} } @article{Petersen2023, author = {Petersen, Jens}, title = {Baltasar Graci{\´a}ns ‚Ph{\"o}nix der Gerechtigkeit'}, series = {Studien zur juristischen Ideengeschichte}, journal = {Studien zur juristischen Ideengeschichte}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-543-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-60421}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-604212}, pages = {25 -- 40}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @article{WiesmeierDalinWehrleetal.2017, author = {Wiesmeier, Isabella K. and Dalin, Daniela and Wehrle, Anja and Granacher, Urs and Muehlbauer, Thomas and Dietterle, J{\"o}rg and Weiller, Cornelius and Gollhofer, Albert and Maurer, Christoph}, title = {Balance training enhances vestibular function and reduces overactive proprioceptive feedback in elderly}, series = {Frontiers in aging neuroscience}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in aging neuroscience}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1663-4365}, doi = {10.3389/fnagi.2017.00273}, pages = {13}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Objectives: Postural control in elderly people is impaired by degradations of sensory, motor, and higher-level adaptive mechanisms. Here, we characterize the effects of a progressive balance training programon these postural control impairments using a brain network model based on system identification techniques. Methods and Material: We analyzed postural control of 35 healthy elderly subjects and compared findings to data from 35 healthy young volunteers. Eighteen elderly subjects performed a 10 week balance training conducted twice per week. Balance training was carried out in static and dynamic movement states, on support surfaces with different elastic compliances, under different visual conditions and motor tasks. Postural control was characterized by spontaneous sway and postural reactions to pseudorandom anterior-posterior tilts of the support surface. Data were interpreted using a parameter identification procedure based on a brain network model. Conclusion: Balance training reduced overactive proprioceptive feedback and restored vestibular orientation in elderly. Based on the assumption of a linear deterioration of postural control across the life span, the training effect can be extrapolated as a juvenescence of 10 years. This study points to a considerable benefit of a continuous balance training in elderly, even without any sensorimotor deficits.}, language = {en} } @article{EsmaeilishirazifardUsherTrimetal.2022, author = {Esmaeilishirazifard, Elham and Usher, Louise and Trim, Carol and Denise, Hubert and Sangal, Vartul and Tyson, Gregory H. and Barlow, Axel and Redway, Keith F. and Taylor, John D. and Kremyda-Vlachou, Myrto and Davies, Sam and Loftus, Teresa D. and Lock, Mikaella M. G. and Wright, Kstir and Dalby, Andrew and Snyder, Lori A. S. and Wuster, Wolfgang and Trim, Steve and Moschos, Sterghios A.}, title = {Bacterial adaptation to venom in snakes and arachnida}, series = {Microbiology spectrum}, volume = {10}, journal = {Microbiology spectrum}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Society for Microbiology}, address = {Birmingham, Ala.}, issn = {2165-0497}, doi = {10.1128/spectrum.02408-21}, pages = {16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Notwithstanding their 3 to 5\% mortality, the 2.7 million envenomation-related injuries occurring annually-predominantly across Africa, Asia, and Latin America-are also major causes of morbidity. Venom toxin-damaged tissue will develop infections in some 75\% of envenomation victims, with E. faecalis being a common culprit of disease; however, such infections are generally considered to be independent of envenomation. Animal venoms are considered sterile sources of antimicrobial compounds with strong membrane-disrupting activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, venomous bite wound infections are common in developing nations. Investigating the envenomation organ and venom microbiota of five snake and two spider species, we observed venom community structures that depend on the host venomous animal species and evidenced recovery of viable microorganisms from black-necked spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis) and Indian ornamental tarantula (Poecilotheria regalis) venoms. Among the bacterial isolates recovered from N. nigricollis, we identified two venom-resistant, novel sequence types of Enterococcus faecalis whose genomes feature 16 virulence genes, indicating infectious potential, and 45 additional genes, nearly half of which improve bacterial membrane integrity. Our findings challenge the dogma of venom sterility and indicate an increased primary infection risk in the clinical management of venomous animal bite wounds. IMPORTANCE Notwithstanding their 3 to 5\% mortality, the 2.7 million envenomation-related injuries occurring annually-predominantly across Africa, Asia, and Latin America-are also major causes of morbidity. Venom toxin-damaged tissue will develop infections in some 75\% of envenomation victims, with E. faecalis being a common culprit of disease; however, such infections are generally considered to be independent of envenomation. Here, we provide evidence on venom microbiota across snakes and arachnida and report on the convergent evolution mechanisms that can facilitate adaptation to black-necked cobra venom in two independent E. faecalis strains, easily misidentified by biochemical diagnostics. Therefore, since inoculation with viable and virulence gene-harboring bacteria can occur during envenomation, acute infection risk management following envenomation is warranted, particularly for immunocompromised and malnourished victims in resource-limited settings. These results shed light on how bacteria evolve for survival in one of the most extreme environments on Earth and how venomous bites must be also treated for infections.}, language = {en} }