@article{Andress2016, author = {Andress, Reinhard}, title = {Eine Bitte an Thomas Jefferson um Tabaksamen und Tabak}, series = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, volume = {XVII}, journal = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, number = {32}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1617-5239}, doi = {10.18443/229}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-90761}, pages = {18 -- 28}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Dieser Beitrag behandelt einen bisher unver{\"o}ffentlichen Brief Alexander von Humboldts an Thomas Jefferson. Der Brief bietet uns einen aufschlussreichen Einblick in die pers{\"o}nlichen, politischen und wissenschaftlichen Netzwerke Humboldts und schließt eine L{\"u}cke in der Humboldt-Jefferson-Korrespondenz.}, language = {de} } @article{Schwarz2016, author = {Schwarz, Ingo}, title = {Opfer f{\"u}r die Wissenschaften „in dem Drange wichtiger {\"o}ffentlicher Begebenheiten"}, series = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, volume = {XVII}, journal = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, number = {32}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1617-5239}, doi = {10.18443/231}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-90750}, pages = {5 -- 17}, year = {2016}, language = {de} } @article{SchickEckertPontiusetal.2016, author = {Schick, Daniel and Eckert, Sebastian and Pontius, Niko and Mitzner, Rolf and F{\"o}hlisch, Alexander and Holldack, Karsten and Sorgenfrei, Nomi}, title = {Versatile soft X-ray-optical cross-correlator for ultrafast applications}, series = {Structural dynamics}, volume = {3}, journal = {Structural dynamics}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, address = {Melville}, issn = {2329-7778}, doi = {10.1063/1.4964296}, pages = {054304-1 -- 054304-8}, year = {2016}, abstract = {We present an X-ray-optical cross-correlator for the soft (> 150 eV) up to the hard X-ray regime based on a molybdenum-silicon superlattice. The cross-correlation is done by probing intensity and position changes of superlattice Bragg peaks caused by photoexcitation of coherent phonons. This approach is applicable for a wide range of X-ray photon energies as well as for a broad range of excitation wavelengths and requires no external fields or changes of temperature. Moreover, the cross-correlator can be employed on a 10 ps or 100 fs time scale featuring up to 50\% total X-ray reflectivity and transient signal changes of more than 20\%. (C) 2016 Author(s).}, language = {en} } @article{BerryRosaHowardetal.2017, author = {Berry, Scott and Rosa, Stefanie and Howard, Martin and Buhler, Marc and Dean, Caroline}, title = {Disruption of an RNA-binding hinge region abolishes LHP1-mediated epigenetic repression}, series = {Genes \& Development}, volume = {31}, journal = {Genes \& Development}, publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press}, address = {Cold Spring Harbor, NY}, issn = {0890-9369}, doi = {10.1101/gad.305227.117}, pages = {2115 -- 2120}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Epigenetic maintenance of gene repression is essential for development. Polycomb complexes are central to this memory, but many aspects of the underlying mechanism remain unclear. LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1) binds Polycomb-deposited H3K27me3 and is required for repression of many Polycomb target genes in Arabidopsis. Here we show that LHP1 binds RNA in vitro through the intrinsically disordered hinge region. By independently perturbing the RNA-binding hinge region and H3K27me3 (trimethylation of histone H3 at Lys27) recognition, we found that both facilitate LHP1 localization and H3K27me3 maintenance. Disruption of the RNAbinding hinge region also prevented formation of subnuclear foci, structures potentially important for epigenetic repression.}, language = {en} } @article{HuckWohlwendCoimbraetal.2017, author = {Huck, Stefan and Wohlwend, Stephan and Coimbra, Rute and Christ, Nicolas and Weissert, Helmut}, title = {Disentangling shallow-water bulk carbonate carbon isotope archives with evidence for multi-stage diagenesis}, series = {The depositional record}, volume = {3}, journal = {The depositional record}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {2055-4877}, doi = {10.1002/dep2.35}, pages = {233 -- 257}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Disentangling shallow-water bulk carbonate carbon isotope archives into primary and diagenetic components is a notoriously difficult task and even diagenetically screened records often provide chemostratigraphic patterns that significantly differ from global signals. This is mainly caused by the polygenetic nature of shallow-water carbonate substrates, local carbon cycle processes causing considerable neritic-pelagic isotope gradients and the presence of hiatal surfaces resulting in extremely low carbonate preservation rates. Provided here is an in-depth petrographic and geochemical evaluation of different carbonate phases of a mid-Cretaceous (Barremian-Aptian) shallow-water limestone succession (Jabal Madar section) deposited on the tropical Arabian carbonate platform in Oman. The superposition of stable isotope signatures of identified carbonate phases causes a complex and often noisy bulk carbon isotope pattern. Blocky sparite cements filling intergranular pores and bioclastic voids evidence intermediate to (arguably) deep burial diagenetic conditions during their formation, owing to different timing or differential faulting promoting the circulation of fluids from variable sources. In contrast, sparite cements filling sub-vertical veins reveal a rock-buffered diagenetic fluid composition with an intriguing moderate enrichment in 13C, probably due to fractionation during pressure release in the context of the Miocene exhumation of the carbonate platform under study. The presence of abundant, replacive dedolomite in mud-supported limestone samples forced negative carbon and oxygen isotope changes that are either associated with the thermal breakdown of organic matter in the deep burial realm or the expulsion of buried meteoric water in the intermediate burial realm. Notwithstanding the documented stratigraphically variable and often facies-related impact of different diagenetic fluids on the bulk-rock stable isotope signature, the identification of diagenetic end-members defined δ13C and δ18O threshold values that allowed the most reliable 'primary' bulk carbon isotope signatures to be extracted. Most importantly, this approach exemplifies how to place regional shallow-water stable isotope patterns with evidence for a complex multi-stage diagenetic history into a supraregional or even global context.}, language = {en} } @article{MilewskiChabrillatBehling2017, author = {Milewski, Robert and Chabrillat, Sabine and Behling, Robert}, title = {Analyses of Recent Sediment Surface Dynamic of a Namibian Kalahari Salt Pan Based on Multitemporal Landsat and Hyperspectral Hyperion Data}, series = {Remote Sensing}, volume = {9}, journal = {Remote Sensing}, number = {2}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2072-4292}, doi = {10.3390/rs9020170}, pages = {24}, year = {2017}, abstract = {This study combines spaceborne multitemporal and hyperspectral data to analyze the spatial distribution of surface evaporite minerals and changes in a semi-arid depositional environment associated with episodic flooding events, the Omongwa salt pan (Kalahari, Namibia). The dynamic of the surface crust is evaluated by a change-detection approach using the Iterative-reweighted Multivariate Alteration Detection (IR-MAD) based on the Landsat archive imagery from 1984 to 2015. The results show that the salt pan is a highly dynamic and heterogeneous landform. A change gradient is observed from very stable pan border to a highly dynamic central pan. On the basis of hyperspectral EO-1 Hyperion images, the current distribution of surface evaporite minerals is characterized using Spectral Mixture Analysis (SMA). Assessment of field and image endmembers revealed that the pan surface can be categorized into three major crust types based on diagnostic absorption features and mineralogical ground truth data. The mineralogical crust types are related to different zones of surface change as well as pan morphology that influences brine flow during the pan inundation and desiccation cycles. These combined information are used to spatially map depositional environments where the more dynamic halite crust concentrates in lower areas although stable gypsum and calcite/sepiolite crusts appear in higher elevated areas.}, language = {en} } @article{SchuetzeFuerstMielkeetal.2017, author = {Sch{\"u}tze, Franziska and F{\"u}rst, Steffen and Mielke, Jahel and Steudle, Gesine A. and Wolf, Sarah and J{\"a}ger, Carlo C.}, title = {The Role of Sustainable Investment in Climate Policy}, series = {Sustainability}, volume = {9}, journal = {Sustainability}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su9122221}, pages = {19}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Reaching the Sustainable Development Goals requires a fundamental socio-economic transformation accompanied by substantial investment in low-carbon infrastructure. Such a sustainability transition represents a non-marginal change, driven by behavioral factors and systemic interactions. However, typical economic models used to assess a sustainability transition focus on marginal changes around a local optimum, whichby constructionlead to negative effects. Thus, these models do not allow evaluating a sustainability transition that might have substantial positive effects. This paper examines which mechanisms need to be included in a standard computable general equilibrium model to overcome these limitations and to give a more comprehensive view of the effects of climate change mitigation. Simulation results show that, given an ambitious greenhouse gas emission constraint and a price of carbon, positive economic effects are possible if (1) technical progress results (partly) endogenously from the model and (2) a policy intervention triggering an increase of investment is introduced. Additionally, if (3) the investment behavior of firms is influenced by their sales expectations, the effects are amplified. The results provide suggestions for policy-makers, because the outcome indicates that investment-oriented climate policies can lead to more desirable outcomes in economic, social and environmental terms.}, language = {en} } @article{WeisshuhnRecklingStachowetal.2017, author = {Weisshuhn, Peter and Reckling, Moritz and Stachow, Ulrich and Wiggering, Hubert}, title = {Supporting Agricultural Ecosystem Services through the Integration of Perennial Polycultures into Crop Rotations}, series = {Sustainability}, volume = {9}, journal = {Sustainability}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su9122267}, pages = {20}, year = {2017}, abstract = {This review analyzes the potential role and long-term effects of field perennial polycultures (mixtures) in agricultural systems, with the aim of reducing the trade-offs between provisioning and regulating ecosystem services. First, crop rotations are identified as a suitable tool for the assessment of the long-term effects of perennial polycultures on ecosystem services, which are not visible at the single-crop level. Second, the ability of perennial polycultures to support ecosystem services when used in crop rotations is quantified through eight agricultural ecosystem services. Legume-grass mixtures and wildflower mixtures are used as examples of perennial polycultures, and compared with silage maize as a typical crop for biomass production. Perennial polycultures enhance soil fertility, soil protection, climate regulation, pollination, pest and weed control, and landscape aesthetics compared with maize. They also score lower for biomass production compared with maize, which confirms the trade-off between provisioning and regulating ecosystem services. However, the additional positive factors provided by perennial polycultures, such as reduced costs for mineral fertilizer, pesticides, and soil tillage, and a significant preceding crop effect that increases the yields of subsequent crops, should be taken into account. However, a full assessment of agricultural ecosystem services requires a more holistic analysis that is beyond the capabilities of current frameworks.}, language = {en} } @article{EndesfelderWeicheltStraussetal.2017, author = {Endesfelder, Stefanie and Weichelt, Ulrike and Strauß, Evelyn and Schl{\"o}r, Anja and Sifringer, Marco and Scheuer, Till and B{\"u}hrer, Christoph and Schmitz, Thomas}, title = {Neuroprotection by caffeine in hyperoxia-induced neonatal brain injury}, series = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {18}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, publisher = {Molecular Diversity Preservation International}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1422-0067}, doi = {10.3390/ijms18010187}, pages = {24}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Sequelae of prematurity triggered by oxidative stress and free radical-mediated tissue damage have coined the term "oxygen radical disease of prematurity". Caffeine, a potent free radical scavenger and adenosine receptor antagonist, reduces rates of brain damage in preterm infants. In the present study, we investigated the effects of caffeine on oxidative stress markers, anti-oxidative response, inflammation, redox-sensitive transcription factors, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix following the induction of hyperoxia in neonatal rats. The brain of a rat pups at postnatal Day 6 (P6) corresponds to that of a human fetal brain at 28-32 weeks gestation and the neonatal rat is an ideal model in which to investigate effects of oxidative stress and neuroprotection of caffeine on the developing brain. Six-day-old Wistar rats were pre-treated with caffeine and exposed to 80\% oxygen for 24 and 48 h. Caffeine reduced oxidative stress marker (heme oxygenase-1, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC)), promoted anti-oxidative response (superoxide dismutase, peroxiredoxin 1, and sulfiredoxin 1), down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, modulated redox-sensitive transcription factor expression (Nrf2/Keap1, and NFκB), reduced pro-apoptotic effectors (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), and caspase-3), and diminished extracellular matrix degeneration (matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2, and inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) 1/2). Our study affirms that caffeine is a pleiotropic neuroprotective drug in the developing brain due to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.}, language = {en} } @article{WeithoffTaubeBolius2017, author = {Weithoff, Guntram and Taube, Anne and Bolius, Sarah}, title = {The invasion success of the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in experimental mesocosms}, series = {Aquatic Invasions}, volume = {12}, journal = {Aquatic Invasions}, publisher = {Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions centre-reabic}, address = {Helsinki}, issn = {1798-6540}, doi = {10.3391/ai.2017.12.3.07}, pages = {333 -- 341}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The potentially toxic, invasive cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, originating from sub-tropical regions, has spread into temperate climate zones in almost all continents. Potential factors in its success are temperature, light and nutrient levels. Grazing losses through zooplankton have been measured in the laboratory but are typically not regarded as a factor in (failed) invasion success. In some potentially suitable lakes, C. raciborskii has never been found, although it is present in water bodies close by. Therefore, we tested the invasive potential of three different isolates introduced into natural plankton communities using laboratory mesocosm experiments under three grazing levels: ambient zooplankton densities, removal of large species using 100 mu m mesh and a ca. doubling of large species. Three C. raciborskii isolates originating from the same geographic region (North-East Germany) were added separately to the four replicates of each treatment and kept in semi-continuous cultures for 21 days. Two isolates disappeared from the mesocosms and were also not viable in filtered lake water indicating that the lake water itself or the switch from culture medium to lake water led to the decay of the inoculated C. raciborskii. Only one out of the three isolates persisted in the plankton communities at a rather low level and only in the treatment without larger zooplankton. This result demonstrates that under potentially suitable environmental conditions, top-down control from zooplankton might hamper the establishment of C. raciborskii. Non-metric multidimensional scaling showed distinct variation in resident phytoplankton communities between the different grazing levels, thus differential grazing impact shaped the resident community in different ways allowing C. raciborskii only to invade under competitive (= low grazing pressure) conditions. Furthermore, even after invasion failure, the temporary presence of C. raciborskii influenced the phytoplankton community.}, language = {en} } @article{FliesserDeWittHubertsWippert2017, author = {Fliesser, Michael and De Witt Huberts, Jessie and Wippert, Pia-Maria}, title = {The choice that matters: the relative influence of socioeconomic status indicators on chronic back pain- a longitudinal study}, series = {BMC health services research}, volume = {17}, journal = {BMC health services research}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {1472-6963}, doi = {10.1186/s12913-017-2735-9}, pages = {8}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: In health research, indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) are often used interchangeably and often lack theoretical foundation. This makes it difficult to compare results from different studies and to explore the relationship between SES and health outcomes. To aid researchers in choosing appropriate indicators of SES, this article proposes and tests a theory-based selection of SES indicators using chronic back pain as a health outcome. Results: Chronic back pain intensity was best predicted by the multidimensional index (beta = 0.31, p < 0.05), followed by job position (beta = 0.29, p < 0.05) and education (beta = -0.29, p < 0.05); whereas, income exerted no significant influence. Back pain disability was predicted strongest by education (beta = -0.30, p < 0.05) and job position (beta = 0. 29, p < 0.05). Here, multidimensional index and income had no significant influence. Conclusions: The choice of SES indicators influences predictive power on both back pain dimensions, suggesting SES predictors cannot be used interchangeably. Therefore, researchers should carefully consider prior to each study which SES indicator to use. The introduced framework can be valuable in supporting this decision because it allows for a stable prediction of SES indicator influence and their hierarchy on a specific health outcomes.}, language = {en} } @article{ThomasCarvalhoHaileetal.2017, author = {Thomas, Jessica E. and Carvalho, Gary R. and Haile, James and Martin, Michael D. and Castruita, Jose A. Samaniego and Niemann, Jonas and Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S. and Sandoval-Velasco, Marcela and Rawlence, Nicolas J. and Fuller, Errol and Fjeldsa, Jon and Hofreiter, Michael and Stewart, John R. and Gilbert, M. Thomas P. and Knapp, Michael}, title = {An ‛Aukward' tale}, series = {Genes}, volume = {8}, journal = {Genes}, number = {6}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-4425}, doi = {10.3390/genes8060164}, pages = {164}, year = {2017}, abstract = {One hundred and seventy-three years ago, the last two Great Auks, Pinguinus impennis, ever reliably seen were killed. Their internal organs can be found in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Denmark, but the location of their skins has remained a mystery. In 1999, Great Auk expert Errol Fuller proposed a list of five potential candidate skins in museums around the world. Here we take a palaeogenomic approach to test which—if any—of Fuller's candidate skins likely belong to either of the two birds. Using mitochondrial genomes from the five candidate birds (housed in museums in Bremen, Brussels, Kiel, Los Angeles, and Oldenburg) and the organs of the last two known individuals, we partially solve the mystery that has been on Great Auk scholars' minds for generations and make new suggestions as to the whereabouts of the still-missing skin from these two birds.}, language = {en} } @article{GisderSchuelerHorchleretal.2017, author = {Gisder, Sebastian and Sch{\"u}ler, Vivian and Horchler, Lennart L. and Groth, Detlef and Genersch, Elke}, title = {Long-Term Temporal Trends of Nosema spp. Infection Prevalence in Northeast Germany}, series = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology}, volume = {7}, journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2235-2988}, doi = {10.3389/fcimb.2017.00301}, pages = {14}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) is widely used as commercial pollinator in worldwide agriculture and, therefore, plays an important role in global food security. Among the parasites and pathogens threatening health and survival of honey bees are two species of microsporidia, Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. Nosema ceranae is considered an emerging pathogen of the Western honey bee. Reports on the spread of N. ceranae suggested that this presumably highly virulent species is replacing its more benign congener N. apis in the global A. mellifera population. We here present a 12 year longitudinal cohort study on the prevalence of N. apis and N. ceranae in Northeast Germany. Between 2005 and 2016, a cohort of about 230 honey bee colonies originating from 23 apiaries was sampled twice a year (spring and autumn) resulting in a total of 5,600 bee samples which were subjected to microscopic and molecular analysis for determining the presence of infections with N. apis or/and N. ceranae. Throughout the entire study period, both N. apis- and N. ceranae-infections could be diagnosed within the cohort. Logistic regression analysis of the prevalence data demonstrated a significant increase of N. ceranae-infections over the last 12 years, both in autumn (reflecting the development during the summer) and in spring (reflecting the development over winter) samples. Cell culture experiments confirmed that N. ceranae has a higher proliferative potential than N. apis at 27. and 33 degrees C potentially explaining the increase in N. ceranae prevalence during summer. In autumn, characterized by generally low infection prevalence, this increase was accompanied by a significant decrease in N. apis- infection prevalence. In contrast, in spring, the season with a higher prevalence of infection, no significant decrease of N. apis infections despite a significant increase in N. ceranae infections could be observed. Therefore, our data do not support a general advantage of N. ceranae over N. apis and an overall replacement of N. apis by N. ceranae in the studied honey bee population.}, language = {en} } @article{WolfHolzmeierWagneretal.2017, author = {Wolf, Thomas J. A. and Holzmeier, Fabian and Wagner, Isabella and Berrah, Nora and Bostedt, Christoph and Bozek, John and Bucksbaum, Phil and Coffee, Ryan and Cryan, James and Farrell, Joe and Feifel, Raimund and Martinez, Todd J. and McFarland, Brian and Mucke, Melanie and Nandi, Saikat and Tarantelli, Francesco and Fischer, Ingo and G{\"u}hr, Markus}, title = {Observing Femtosecond Fragmentation Using Ultrafast X-ray-Induced Auger Spectra}, series = {Applied sciences}, volume = {7}, journal = {Applied sciences}, number = {7}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2076-3417}, doi = {10.3390/app7070681}, pages = {11}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Molecules often fragment after photoionization in the gas phase. Usually, this process can only be investigated spectroscopically as long as there exists electron correlation between the photofragments. Important parameters, like their kinetic energy after separation, cannot be investigated. We are reporting on a femtosecond time-resolved Auger electron spectroscopy study concerning the photofragmentation dynamics of thymine. We observe the appearance of clearly distinguishable signatures from thymines neutral photofragment isocyanic acid. Furthermore, we observe a time-dependent shift of its spectrum, which we can attribute to the influence of the charged fragment on the Auger electron. This allows us to map our time-dependent dataset onto the fragmentation coordinate. The time dependence of the shift supports efficient transformation of the excess energy gained from photoionization into kinetic energy of the fragments. Our method is broadly applicable to the investigation of photofragmentation processes.}, language = {en} } @article{ToetzkeCermakNadezhdinaetal.2017, author = {T{\"o}tzke, Christian and Cermak, Jan and Nadezhdina, Nadezhda and Tributsch, Helmut}, title = {Electrochemical in-situ studies of solar mediated oxygen transport and turnover dynamics in a tree trunk of Tilia cordata}, series = {iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry}, volume = {10}, journal = {iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry}, number = {2}, publisher = {SISEF - The Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology}, address = {Potenza}, issn = {1971-7458}, doi = {10.3832/ifor1681-010}, pages = {355 -- 361}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Platinum electrodes were implanted into the xylem of a lime tree (Tilia cordata) stem and solar- induced electrochemical potential differences of up to 120 mV were measured during the vegetative period and up to 30 mV in winter. The time dependent curves were found to be delayed with respect to solar radiation, sap flow activity, temperature and vapor pressure deficit. A general equation for the potential difference was derived and simplified by analyzing the effect of temperature and tensile strength. The potential determining influence of oxygen concentration on the respective location of the platinum electrode was identified as the principal phenomenon measured. A systematic analysis and investigation of the observed periodic oxygen concentration signals promises new information on sap flow, oxygen diffusion through tree tissues and on oxygen consumption related to the energy turnover in tree tissues.}, language = {en} } @article{GodessRiccitelli2017, author = {Godess-Riccitelli, Moran}, title = {The final end of imagination}, series = {Filosofia unisinos}, volume = {18}, journal = {Filosofia unisinos}, number = {2}, publisher = {Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos}, address = {S{\~a}o Leopoldo}, issn = {1519-5023}, doi = {10.4013/fsu.2017.182.05}, pages = {107 -- 115}, year = {2017}, abstract = {One main quandary that emerges in the context of Immanuel Kant's moral ideal, The Highest Good, is that on the one hand Kant sets it as a moral demand, that is, as a principle that must be comprehended as an attainable end for man in practice while, on the other hand, it is set as a moral ideal, i.e. as something that cannot be concretized and realized within the empirical world. The main goal of this paper is to argue for the realizability of the moral ideal by means of the principle of reflective judgment as a form of judgment that in fact clarifies human limitation. I assert that the very recognition of this limitation constitutes the possibility for hope in that ideal, or for striving towards it, and that this striving is the only way that the moral ideal can be concretized. I examine man's recognition of self-limitation as a response to the moral demand to realize the moral ideal and the necessity of the power of imagination for this, used reflectively.}, language = {en} } @article{IslamKhalilMaenneretal.2017, author = {Islam, Khan M. S. and Khalil, Mahmoud Abd Elhamid and Maenner, Klaus and Raila, Jens and Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal and Zentek, J{\"u}rgen and Schweigert, Florian J.}, title = {Lutein Specific Relationships among Some Spectrophotometric and Colorimetric Parameters of Chicken Egg Yolk}, series = {The journal of poultry science}, volume = {54}, journal = {The journal of poultry science}, publisher = {Japan Poultry Science Association}, address = {Tsukuba}, issn = {1346-7395}, doi = {10.2141/jpsa.0160065}, pages = {271 -- 277}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Lutein is an essential dietary carotenoid with health benefits and is inter alia responsible for the colouration of egg yolk. The relationship between lutein accumulation and egg yolk colouration was therefore studied in more detail. After feeding a low-luteine diet for 21 days, 14 birds (Lohmann brown hens aged 20 weeks) were fed a diet containing marigold (80 mg lutein/kg feed) and 14 other birds were fed a diet containing oleoresin (45 mg lutein/kg feed) for 21 days; for both groups of birds, this feeding period was followed by withdrawal for 21 days. The Roche Yolk Colour Fan (RYCF) score (0 to 15, where higher values denote greater colour intensity; R-2=0.87; P<0.01) and redness (R-2=0.89; P<0.01) increased with increasing lutein content of egg yolk. Total carotenoid content had a poor relationship with lightness (R-2=0.13; P>0.05) and yellowness (R-2=0.12; P>0.05) of the yolk. It may be concluded that increased lutein is potentially responsible for an increased RYCF score and redness (a*), but decreased yellowness (b*) and lightness (L*), of egg yolk.}, language = {en} } @article{Nuesiri2017, author = {Nuesiri, Emmanuel O.}, title = {Feigning Democracy}, series = {Conservation \& society}, volume = {15}, journal = {Conservation \& society}, number = {4}, publisher = {Medknow publications \& media Pvt LTD}, address = {Mumbai}, issn = {0972-4923}, doi = {10.4103/cs.cs_16_106}, pages = {384 -- 399}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation plus the sustainable management of forest and enhancement of carbon stocks (REDD+) is a global climate change mitigation initiative. The United Nations REDD Programme (UN-REDD) is training governments in developing countries, including Nigeria, to implement REDD+. To protect local people, UN-REDD has developed social safeguards including a commitment to strengthen local democracy to prevent an elite capture of REDD+ benefits. This study examines local participation and representation in the UN-REDD international policy board and in the national-level design process for the Nigeria-REDD proposal, to see if practices are congruent with the UN-REDD commitment to local democracy. It is based on research in Nigeria in 2012 and 2013, and finds that local representation in the UN-REDD policy board and in Nigeria-REDD is not substantive. Participation is merely symbolic. For example, elected local government authorities, who ostensibly represent rural people, are neither present in the UN-REDD board nor were they invited to the participatory forums that vetted the Nigeria-REDD. They were excluded because they were politically weak. However, UN-REDD approved the Nigeria-REDD proposal without a strategy to include or strengthen elected local governments. The study concludes with recommendations to help the UN-REDD strengthen elected local government authority in Nigeria in support of democratic local representation.}, language = {en} } @article{ParagasHumphreysMinetal.2017, author = {Paragas, Erickson M. and Humphreys, Sara C. and Min, Joshua and Joswig-Jones, Carolyn A. and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke and Jones, Jeffrey P.}, title = {ecoAO}, series = {ACS OMEGA}, volume = {2}, journal = {ACS OMEGA}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2470-1343}, doi = {10.1021/acsomega.7b01054}, pages = {4820 -- 4827}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Although aldehyde oxidase (AO) is an important hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme, it remains understudied and is consequently often overlooked in preclinical studies, an oversight that has resulted in the failure of multiple clinical trials. AO's preclusion to investigation stems from the following: (1) difficulties synthesizing metabolic standards due to the chemospecificity and regiospecificity of the enzyme and (2) significant inherent variability across existing in vitro systems including liver cytosol, S9 fractions, and primary hepatocytes, which lack specificity and generate discordant expression and activity profiles. Here, we describe a practical bacterial biotransformation system, ecoAO, addressing both issues simultaneously. ecoAO is a cell paste of MoCo-producing Escherichia coli strain TP1017 expressing human AO. It exhibits specific activity toward known substrates, zoniporide, 4-trans-(N,N-dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde, O6-benzylguanine, and zaleplon; it also has utility as a biocatalyst, yielding milligram quantities of synthetically challenging metabolite standards such as 2-oxo-zoniporide. Moreover, ecoAO enables routine determination of kcat and V/K, which are essential parameters for accurate in vivo clearance predictions. Furthermore, ecoAO has potential as a preclinical in vitro screening tool for AO activity, as demonstrated by its metabolism of 3-aminoquinoline, a previously uncharacterized substrate. ecoAO promises to provide easy access to metabolites with the potential to improve pharmacokinetic clearance predictions and guide drug development.}, language = {en} } @article{BuschKlausPenoneetal.2017, author = {Busch, Verena and Klaus, Valentin H. and Penone, Caterina and Sch{\"a}fer, Deborah and Boch, Steffen and Prati, Daniel and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Socher, Stephanie A. and Niinemets, {\"U}lo and Penuelas, Josep and H{\"o}lzel, Norbert and Fischer, Markus and Kleinebecker, Till}, title = {Nutrient stoichiometry and land use rather than species richness determine plant functional diversity}, series = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {8}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {2045-7758}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.3609}, pages = {601 -- 616}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Plant functional traits reflect individual and community ecological strategies. They allow the detection of directional changes in community dynamics and ecosystemic processes, being an additional tool to assess biodiversity than species richness. Analysis of functional patterns in plant communities provides mechanistic insight into biodiversity alterations due to anthropogenic activity. Although studies have consi-dered of either anthropogenic management or nutrient availability on functional traits in temperate grasslands, studies combining effects of both drivers are scarce. Here, we assessed the impacts of management intensity (fertilization, mowing, grazing), nutrient stoichiometry (C, N, P, K), and vegetation composition on community-weighted means (CWMs) and functional diversity (Rao's Q) from seven plant traits in 150 grasslands in three regions in Germany, using data of 6 years. Land use and nutrient stoichiometry accounted for larger proportions of model variance of CWM and Rao's Q than species richness and productivity. Grazing affected all analyzed trait groups; fertilization and mowing only impacted generative traits. Grazing was clearly associated with nutrient retention strategies, that is, investing in durable structures and production of fewer, less variable seed. Phenological variability was increased. Fertilization and mowing decreased seed number/mass variability, indicating competition-related effects. Impacts of nutrient stoichiometry on trait syndromes varied. Nutrient limitation (large N:P, C:N ratios) promoted species with conservative strategies, that is, investment in durable plant structures rather than fast growth, fewer seed, and delayed flowering onset. In contrast to seed mass, leaf-economics variability was reduced under P shortage. Species diversity was positively associated with the variability of generative traits. Synthesis. Here, land use, nutrient availability, species richness, and plant functional strategies have been shown to interact complexly, driving community composition, and vegetation responses to management intensity. We suggest that deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms shaping community assembly and biodiversity will require analyzing all these parameters.}, language = {en} }