@article{DagistanliPossamaiTurneretal.2018, author = {Dagistanli, Selda and Possamai, Adam and Turner, Bryan S. and Voyce, Malcolm and Roose, Joshua}, title = {The limits of multiculturalism in Australia?}, series = {The Sociological Review}, volume = {66}, journal = {The Sociological Review}, number = {6}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {0038-0261}, doi = {10.1177/0038026118768133}, pages = {1258 -- 1275}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This article focuses on the marginal extremities - the limits - of Shari'a practices in Australia, through the example of a criminal case in which four Sydney-based Muslim men whipped a Muslim convert to punish him for his excessive consumption of drugs and alcohol. The men claimed they acted in line with the doctrines of Shari'a practice to 'purify' or absolve the victim of his sins. While the case was tried before a magistrate in a lower court, it is argued in this article that its social and political significance was wider, reaching into contemporary debates around multiculturalism and immigration from non-western, non-liberal and mainly Muslim nations. Mainstream media and political narratives viewed the whipping as an example of the moral dangers of accommodating Shari'a norms, eliding the differences between peaceable Shari'a and its violent extremities, while situating the case at the limits of multicultural accommodation. This article interrogates the objectionable margins of some cultural practices through this limit case. At the same time it questions the limits or limitations of a multiculturalism that homogeneously views the practices of entire ethnic or religious groups as violent and incommensurable with dominant norms, while using these understandings as a justification for marginalising these groups.}, language = {en} } @article{Thewes2018, author = {Thewes, Christoph}, title = {Verzerrte Beteiligung}, series = {K{\"o}lner Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie}, volume = {70}, journal = {K{\"o}lner Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {0023-2653}, doi = {10.1007/s11577-018-0514-1}, pages = {53 -- 86}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Die Beteiligung von B{\"u}rgern abseits der institutionell geregelten Wahlen gilt vermehrt als Allheilmittel gegen die Erosion b{\"u}rgerschaftlichen Engagements. Eine Vielzahl von Autoren haben auf den Missstand aufmerksam gemacht, dass Beteiligung abseits von Wahlen nur von wenigen, oftmals privilegierten Personen genutzt wird, die Beteiligung demnach verzerrt sei. Dieser Artikel nimmt als erster sowohl die ungleiche Beteiligung als auch die Verzerrung eines konkreten Abstimmungsergebnisses in den Blick. F{\"u}r den Volksentscheid {\"u}ber das Bauprojekt Stuttgart 21 (S21) aus dem Jahr 2011 wird ein kontrafaktisches Wahlergebnis aller Nichtw{\"a}hler gesch{\"a}tzt. Durch die Verkn{\"u}pfung von Makro-Daten auf Gemeindeebene mit einem Vorhersagemodell auf Individualebene wird der Beteiligungs-Bias gesch{\"a}tzt. Dieser liegt {\"u}ber dem von Wahlen, jedoch niedriger als bei Petitionen und Demonstrationen. Das kontrafaktische Abstimmungsergebnis prognostiziert eine verst{\"a}rkte Ablehnung von S21.}, language = {de} } @article{PraegFritschRichard2022, author = {Pr{\"a}g, Patrick and Fritsch, Nina-Sophie and Richard, Lindsay}, title = {Intragenerational social mobility and wellbeing}, series = {Social forces : SF ; an international journal of social research associated with the Southern Sociological Society}, volume = {101}, journal = {Social forces : SF ; an international journal of social research associated with the Southern Sociological Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1534-7605}, pages = {665 -- 693}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Social theory has long predicted that social mobility, in particular downward social mobility, is detrimental to the well-being of individuals. Dissociative and "falling from grace" theories suggest that mobility is stressful due to the weakening of social ties, feelings of alienation, and loss of status. In light of these theories, it is a puzzle that the majority of quantitative studies in this area have shown null results. Our approach to resolve the puzzle is two-fold. First, we argue for a broader conception of the mobility process than is often used and thus focus on intragenerational occupational class mobility rather than restricting ourselves to the more commonly studied intergenerational mobility. Second, we argue that self-reported measures may be biased by habituation (or "entrenched deprivation"). Using nurse-collected health and biomarker data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2010-2012, N = 4,123), we derive a measure of allostatic load as an objective gauge of physiological "wear and tear" and compare patterns of mobility effects with self-reports of health using diagonal reference models. Our findings indicate a strong class gradient in both allostatic load and self-rated health, and that both first and current job matter for current well-being outcomes. However, in terms of the effects of mobility itself, we find that intragenerational social mobility is consequential for allostatic load, but not for self-rated health. Downward mobility is detrimental and upward mobility beneficial for well-being as assessed by allostatic load. Thus, these findings do not support the idea of generalized stress from dissociation, but they do support the "falling from grace" hypothesis of negative downward mobility effects. Our findings have a further implication, namely that the differences in mobility effects between the objective and subjective outcome infer the presence of entrenched deprivation. Null results in studies of self-rated outcomes may therefore be a methodological artifact, rather than an outright rejection of decades-old social theory.}, language = {en} } @article{Surrey2022, author = {Surrey, Heike}, title = {Neuroleadership}, publisher = {Sch{\"a}ffer-Poeschel}, address = {Stuttgart}, isbn = {978-3-7910-5642-5}, pages = {247}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Wie k{\"o}nnen notwendige Systemwechsel „gemanaged" werden, wenn die etablierten F{\"u}hrungsans{\"a}tze an heutigen Entwicklungen vorbeigehen? Das Buch besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit dem Ansatz des Neuroleadership, der einen Beitrag leisten kann, F{\"u}hrungskonzepte weiterzuentwickeln. Dieser neue Ansatz erweitert die bisherigen Konzepte durch die Verkn{\"u}pfung von Neurosciences, Leadershiptheorie und Systemtheorie. Leadership wird dabei vor allem als beratende und unterst{\"u}tzende Funktion gesehen, f{\"u}r die Kompetenzen im hybriden systemischen Neurocoaching ben{\"o}tigt werden. Ein spezieller Fokus liegt auf den Einfl{\"u}ssen durch Digitalisierung, Intuitive, K{\"u}nstliche und Web-Intelligenz.}, language = {de} } @article{StreckvonUngerGreiner2020, author = {Streck, Charlotte and von Unger, Moritz and Greiner, Sandra}, title = {COP 25}, series = {Journal for European environmental \& planning law}, volume = {17}, journal = {Journal for European environmental \& planning law}, number = {2}, publisher = {Brill}, address = {Leiden}, issn = {1613-7272}, doi = {10.1163/18760104-01702003}, pages = {136 -- 160}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The 25th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP-25) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) became the longest COP on record - but yielded few results. It appears that four years after the adoption of the Paris Agreement, enthusiasm has waned and political bargaining and bean-counting have taken over. Countries, for even the slightest chance to keep temperatures 'well below' 2 degrees Celsius, must do much more than they have previously committed to and accelerate the shift towards a zero-carbon economy. However, the conference largely failed to heed the rallying cry of the Chilean presidency. The flagship decisions (grouped under the banner "Chile-Madrid Time for Action") neither produced new commitments - enhancing ambition or finance for developing countries - nor new rules that would nudge countries closer to the climate action targets needed. The leftover pieces from last year's negotiations of the "Paris Rulebook" were also not resolved, in particular the unfinished decisions on Article 6 on market- and non-market mechanisms. The procrastination shows that the new architecture of the Paris Agreement, while addressing several of the shortcomings of the Kyoto Protocol, suffers from its own weaknesses. The meager results of Madrid give reason to pause and reflect on the conditions that may hold countries back from fully embracing the Paris Agreement, but also to consider the future and nature of carbon markets and what is making the issue so difficult to resolve.}, language = {en} } @article{HippKonrad2022, author = {Hipp, Lena and Konrad, Markus}, title = {Has Covid-19 increased gender inequalities in professional advancement?}, series = {Journal of family research}, volume = {34}, journal = {Journal of family research}, number = {1}, publisher = {University of Bamberg Press}, address = {Bamberg}, issn = {2699-2337}, doi = {10.20377/jfr-697}, pages = {134 -- 160}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Objective: This article analyzed gender differences in professional advancement following the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic based on data from open-source software developers in 37 countries. Background: Men and women may have been affected differently from the social distancing measures implemented to contain the Covid-19 pandemic. Given that men and women tend to work in different jobs and that they have been unequally involved in childcare duties, school and workplace closings may have impacted men's and women's professional lives unequally. Method: We analyzed original data from the world's largest social coding community, GitHub. We first estimated a Holt-Winters forecast model to compare the predicted and the observed average weekly productivity of a random sample of male and female developers (N=177,480) during the first lockdown period in 2020. To explain the crosscountry variation in the gendered effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on software developers' productivity, we estimated two-way fixed effects models with different lockdown measures as predictors - school and workplace closures, in particular. Results: In most countries, both male and female developers were, on average, more productive than predicted, and productivity increased for both genders with increasing lockdown stringency. When examining the effects of the most relevant types of lockdown measures separately, we found that stay-at-home restrictions increased both men's and women's productivity and that workplace closures also increased the number of weekly contributions on average - but for women, only when schools were open. Conclusion: Having found gender differences in the effect of workplace closures contingent on school and daycare closures within a population that is relatively young and unlikely to have children (software developers), we conclude that the Covid-19 pandemic may indeed have contributed to increased gender inequalities in professional advancement.}, language = {en} } @article{CoeruetCoeruet2021, author = {C{\"o}r{\"u}t, G{\"o}zde Yaz{\i}c{\i} and C{\"o}r{\"u}t, İlker}, title = {The neo-liberal conception of empowerment and its limits}, series = {Central Asian survey}, volume = {41}, journal = {Central Asian survey}, number = {1}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0263-4937}, doi = {10.1080/02634937.2021.1969897}, pages = {118 -- 137}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Through qualitative research conducted in the bazaars of Bishkek, this paper examines the posited tripartite relationship between the free market, micro-finance and women's empowerment by focusing on how loans from micro-finance institutions in Bishkek influence the lives of female loanees. The neo-liberal conception of 'individual autonomy' and 'empowerment', it is argued, may not adequately serve as indicators of actual female empowerment/disempowerment in Bishkek and lead us to fail to recognize moments of self-exploitation and forms of claim-making. The research also underlines the disempowering effects of the affectional burden, that is, the constant sense of anxiety, that the loanees have to manage in order to survive in the neo-liberal business environment, which offers high interest rate loans and exposes the loanees to over-indebtedness. These effects can be followed through the analysis of the role the desire for stability and 'ontological security' plays in the formation of the identities/world views of the loanees.}, language = {en} } @incollection{TrinkhausVoelker2022, author = {Trinkhaus, Stephan and V{\"o}lker, Susanne}, title = {Inhabiting the entanglement of that time with our own" (Saidiya Hartman)}, series = {Handbuch Intersektionalit{\"a}tsforschung}, booktitle = {Handbuch Intersektionalit{\"a}tsforschung}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-26291-4}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-26292-1_11}, pages = {145 -- 159}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In diesem Beitrag wird der Versuch unternommen, anhand des Konzepts der Diffraktion die (neomaterialistischen) Arbeiten Donna Haraways und Karen Barads mit bestimmten Ans{\"a}tzen der Black Studies in Kontakt zu bringen. Im Mittelpunkt stehen hier Texte von Saidiya Hartman und Christina Sharpe, die auf dem afterlife of slavery und der Grundlegung modernen Wissens und moderner Politik als antiblackness insistieren. Angestrebt ist ein nicht-integratives, wechselseitiges Beachten divergenter (Theorie-)Praktiken, um partielle Kollaborationen zu erm{\"o}glichen.}, language = {de} } @article{OPUS4-55263, title = {Bildung als Privileg}, editor = {Becker, Rolf and Lauterbach, Wolfgang}, edition = {5., aktual.}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-11951-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-11952-2}, pages = {XVII, 492}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Im Anschluss an kontroverse Diskussionen {\"u}ber dauerhafte Bildungsungleichheiten stellt das vorliegende Buch detailliert aus sozialwissenschaftlicher Perspektive zentrale Ursachen f{\"u}r sozial ungleiche Bildungschancen in den Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung. Im vorliegenden Band werden daher aktueller Stand empirischer Bildungsforschung diskutiert und neue Analysen vorgelegt. Ziel ist es, in systematischer Weise soziale Mechanismen aufzuzeigen, die zur Entstehung und Reproduktion von Bildungsungleichheiten beitragen.}, language = {de} } @article{BeckerLauterbach2016, author = {Becker, Rolf and Lauterbach, Wolfgang}, title = {Bildung als Privileg - Ursachen, Mechanismen, Prozesse und Wirkungen Einleitung}, series = {Bildung als Privileg : Erkl{\"a}rungen und Befunde zu den Ursachen der Bildungsungleichheit}, journal = {Bildung als Privileg : Erkl{\"a}rungen und Befunde zu den Ursachen der Bildungsungleichheit}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-11951-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-11952-2_1}, pages = {3 -- 53}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Bildung ist eine der wichtigsten sozialen Fragen des 21. Jahrhunderts (Mayer 2000). Sie beschr{\"a}nkt sich nicht auf die allgemeine Schulbildung und formelle Berufsausbildung, sondern ebenso auf die Hochschulbildung (siehe den Beitrag von M{\"u}ller und Pollak in diesem Band), berufliche Weiterbildung und das kontinuierliche selbstgesteuerte Lernen (siehe den Beitrag von Offerhaus, Leschke und Sch{\"o}mann).}, language = {de} } @article{SorgeStreeck2018, author = {Sorge, Arndt and Streeck, Wolfgang}, title = {Diversified quality production revisited}, series = {Socio-economic review}, volume = {16}, journal = {Socio-economic review}, number = {3}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1475-1461}, doi = {10.1093/ser/mwy022}, pages = {587 -- 612}, year = {2018}, abstract = {We revisit the concept of Diversified Quality Production (DQP), which we introduced about 30 years ago. Our purpose is to examine the extent to which the concept can still be considered tenable for describing and explaining the development of the interaction between the political economy and concepts of production, notably in Germany. First, we show why and in which ways DQP was more heterogeneous than we had originally understood. Then, on the basis of evidence with respect to political, business, and economic changes in Germany, we show that DQP Mark I, a regime by and large characteristic of the 1980s, turned into DQP Mark II. In the process, major 'complementarities' disappeared between the late 1980s and now—mainly the complementarity between production modes on the one hand and industrial relations and economic regulation on the other. While the latter exhibit greater change, business strategies and production organization show more continuity, which helps explain how Germany maintained economic performance after the mid-2000s, more than other countries in Europe. Conceptually, our most important result is that the complementarities emphasized in political economy are historically relative and limited, so that they should not be postulated as stable configurations.}, language = {en} } @article{SimmsEversbergDupuyetal.2018, author = {Simms, Melanie and Eversberg, Dennis and Dupuy, Camille and Hipp, Lena}, title = {Organizing young workers under precarious conditions}, series = {Work and occupations}, volume = {45}, journal = {Work and occupations}, number = {4}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {0730-8884}, doi = {10.1177/0730888418785947}, pages = {420 -- 450}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Under what conditions do young precarious workers join unions? Based on case studies from France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States, the authors identify targeted campaigns, coalition building, membership activism, and training activities as innovative organizing approaches. In addition to traditional issues such as wages and training quality, these approaches also featured issues specific to precarious workers, including skills training, demands for minimum working hours, and specific support in insecure employment situations. Organizing success is influenced by bargaining structures, occupational identity, labor market conditions, and support by union leaders and members. Innovative organizing tends to happen when unions combine new approaches with existing structures.}, language = {en} } @article{ForlenzaTurner2019, author = {Forlenza, Rosario and Turner, Bryan S.}, title = {Das Abendland}, series = {Critical research on religion : crr}, volume = {7}, journal = {Critical research on religion : crr}, number = {1}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {2050-3032}, doi = {10.1177/2050303218774891}, pages = {6 -- 23}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The religious borders of Europe, which are more evident and controversial than ever, challenge established forms of political legitimacy and the legal requirements for citizenship. Perhaps covertly rather than overtly, they shape politics and policies. While scholars have once again resorted to Edward Said's Orientalism to describe the dynamic at play, this article argues that the Orientalism narrative of East and West is too simple to capture the actual complexity of Europe's borders. There are four religious and thus four cultural-symbolic borders, which are increasingly defining the continent: north-western Europe is Protestant, southern Europe is Catholic, the East is Orthodox and increasingly nationalist, and the South and Near East are Muslim. The cultural purity and the values that Europe craves in search of identity and order are simply not available in a world of global interconnectedness and social diversity.}, language = {en} } @article{Mischke2018, author = {Mischke, Dennis}, title = {A universal, uniform humanity}, series = {Postcolonial Studies}, volume = {21}, journal = {Postcolonial Studies}, number = {1}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1368-8790}, doi = {10.1080/13688790.2018.1435149}, pages = {83 -- 95}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The focus in this article, through a reading of the German-Australian newspaper Der Kosmopolit, is on the legacies of entangled imperial identities in the period of the nineteenth-century German Enlightenment. Attention is drawn to members of the liberal nationalist generation of 1848 who emigrated to the Australian colonies and became involved in intellectual activities there. The idea of entanglement is applied to the philosophical orientation of the German-language newspaper that this group formed, Der Kosmopolit, which was published between 1856 and 1957. Against simplistic notions that would view cosmopolitanism as the opposite of nationalism, it is argued that individuals like Gustav Droege and Carl Muecke deployed an entangled 'cosmo-nationalism' in ways that both advanced German nationalism and facilitated their own engagement with and investment in Australian colonial society.}, language = {en} } @article{Tosch2013, author = {Tosch, Frank}, title = {Zur Entdeckung von Kindheit und Jugend an Rochows philanthropischer Musterschule in Reckahn}, series = {Kindheit in Brandenburg}, journal = {Kindheit in Brandenburg}, publisher = {Koehler \& Amelang}, address = {Leipzig}, isbn = {978-3-7338-0390-2}, pages = {30 -- 39}, year = {2013}, language = {de} } @article{KrappmannKerberCansePrengeletal.2013, author = {Krappmann, Lothar and Kerber-Canse, Waltraut and Prengel, Annedore and Schmitt, Hanno}, title = {Die Sehnsucht nach Anerkennung}, series = {Kindheit in Brandenburg}, journal = {Kindheit in Brandenburg}, publisher = {Koehler \& Amelang}, address = {Leipzig}, isbn = {978-3-7338-0390-2}, pages = {74 -- 81}, year = {2013}, language = {de} } @book{Souchon2020, author = {Souchon, Lennart}, title = {Strategy in the 21st century}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-46028-0}, pages = {xix, 242}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This book presents a detailed discussion of Clausewitz's principal lines of thought and methods of implementation. It elaborates on his main objective of laying a foundation for the education of up-and-coming creative, knowledgeable and experienced future leaders. The book encourages reflection and study in strategic thinking in order to transform knowledge into genuine capability. The book explores the question of what a twenty-first-century decision-maker can learn from these strategic lines of thought. It bridges the gap between philosophical theory and strategic interaction in conflicts with an equal opponent. Readers learn to understand and employ the clash of wills, attack and defence, and friction, and in essence the necessary virtues of a strategic commander. The findings presented help to identify the essential features in complex decision-making situations and developing possible courses of strategic action from a holistic standpoint. As such, the book is a must read for strategists, business practitioners, and scholars of political leadership and management interested in a better understanding of strategy and decision-making.}, language = {en} } @article{Giest2019, author = {Giest, Hartmut}, title = {Methodologische Probleme empirischer Forschung zur Didaktik des Sachunterrichts}, series = {Methodologien der Forschungen zur Didaktik des Sachunterrichts}, journal = {Methodologien der Forschungen zur Didaktik des Sachunterrichts}, publisher = {Klinkhardt}, address = {Bad Heilbrunn}, isbn = {978-3-7815-2335-7}, pages = {13 -- 42}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @article{Giest2019, author = {Giest, Hartmut}, title = {Gesundheitsbildung}, series = {Sachunterricht - Didaktik f{\"u}r die Grundschule}, journal = {Sachunterricht - Didaktik f{\"u}r die Grundschule}, edition = {5. Auflage}, publisher = {Cornelsen}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-589-15917-8}, pages = {148 -- 156}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @misc{Hipp2018, author = {Hipp, Lena}, title = {Rezension zu: A. L. Kalleberg \& S. P. Vallas (Eds.): Precarious Work. - United Kingdom : Emerald Publishing, 2018 (Research in the Sociology of Work; 31). - 463 pp. - ISBN 978-1-78743-288-8}, series = {Work and occupations : an international sociological journal}, volume = {46}, journal = {Work and occupations : an international sociological journal}, number = {1}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {0730-8884}, doi = {10.1177/0730888418810071}, pages = {103 -- 105}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Work has become more precarious in recent years. Although this claim is more or less uncontested among social scientists, there are a still many questions that have not yet been conclusively answered. What exactly constitutes precariousness? How should it be operationalized and measured? How does the character of precarious employment vary across organizations, occupations, demographic groups, and countries? The edited volume by Arne Kalleberg and Steven Vallas seeks to provide answers to these and related questions. Sociologists from around the world employed different methodologies in a broad range of economic sectors and countries to identify the origins, manifestations, and consequences of precarious work. The different contributions not only illustrate the great heterogeneity that exists within precarious employment but also point to some central features of precarious work independent of the geographical context in which it occurs. Moreover, they highlight some challenges for the study of precarious work. First, drawing on their earlier work, Kalleberg and Vallas conceptualize precarious employment as work that is characterized by uncertainty and insecurity with regard to pay and the stability of the work arrangement; workers in precarious jobs only have limited access to social benefits and statutory protections and bear the entrepreneurial risk of the employment relationship. This broad definition not only captures various forms of nonstandard employment, such as temporary employment, part-time work, or one-person businesses, but also covers informal workers or workers who are at risk of losing their jobs. Nonetheless, this definition does not seem to be broad enough or specific enough to fit the needs of all types of research and to appropriately capture the multifaceted nature of precarious work. Kiersztyn, for example, shows the necessity to distinguish between objective and subjective insecurities when measuring precarious work. Likewise, Rogan et al. point out that the concept of "precarious employment" has little resonance in the developing world, where most of the workforce is at or near poverty and informal work is the default employment type. Second, the book repeatedly illustrates that the increase in precarious work can be attributed to the rise of neoliberal doctrines and practices, the deinstitutionalization of organized workers, and the dismantling of the welfare state. This applies not only to the United States, where market logics have often been equated with economic freedom, but also to countries like Germany with its corporatist tradition and a strong welfare state (Brady and Biegert) as well as to emerging economies like India (Sapkal and Sundar). In the opening chapter, Pulignano, moreover, convincingly argues that the institutional determinants of precariousness should not only be sought at the national level but that the supranational context plays a major role when it comes to explain precarity. Third, by focusing on different aspects of precariousness and employment, the book shows the need for differentiation when studying precarious work. This is nicely illustrated by the following three chapters, which draw different conclusions on the gendered nature of precarious employment. Wallace and Kwak study the rise of "bad jobs" in U.S. metropolitan areas and show that men's work became more precarious during the Great Financial Crisis. By contrast, Banch and Hanley, who have investigated the prevalence of different forms of nonstandard work since the 1980s in the United States, show that the risk of working in precarious jobs has declined over time for men. Likewise, Witteveen shows that the employment trajectories of young men are less precarious than those of young women in the United States. These seemingly contradictory claims stem from the fact that the authors focused on different aspects of precariousness, used different methodologies and datasets, and took on slightly different populations and time frames. The work on precarious work is hence not yet done. Fourth, precarious work is certainly no longer a characteristic of those with low levels of education but has increasingly become common among professional and technical workers as well. It might come in disguise and is oftentimes perceived as an opportunity, a means for career advancement, and a personal choice. These disguises and perceptions are evident in chapters by Zukin and Papadantonakis on the unpaid work performed by programmers in hackathons, the chapter by Rao on young professionals in international organizations, and to some degree also the chapter by Williams on professional female workers in the oil and gas industry. These insights (and more that are not mentioned here) make the book relevant and interesting to read. A summary chapter to synthesize the diverse findings and potentially also outline some of the methodological challenges in the study of precarious work would have had been a nice close of the book. Furthermore, such a summation would have been the place to speculate about the consequences of recent changes in the world of work, such as the rise of the gig economy and cloud or crowd work, which add new forms of precarity to the ones that we have known thus far. Although it has primarily been written for an academic audience, the book is a highly commendable and enjoyable read for both social scientists and practitioners such as labor activists, human resources managers, and policy makers. Moreover, the book is certainly a valuable teaching resource suitable for graduate and master's seminars in sociology due to its broad coverage of various aspects of precariousness, geographical regions, and methodological approaches.}, language = {en} } @misc{Turner2018, author = {Turner, Bryan S.}, title = {Islam, gender, and democracy in comparative perspective}, series = {Journal of Religious and Political Practice}, volume = {4}, journal = {Journal of Religious and Political Practice}, number = {2}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {2056-6093}, doi = {10.1080/20566093.2018.1439439}, pages = {195 -- 201}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @article{Bose2021, author = {Bose, K{\"a}the von}, title = {Umweltf{\"u}rsorge im Krankenhaus}, series = {NTM : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin}, volume = {29}, journal = {NTM : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin}, number = {1}, publisher = {Birkh{\"a}user}, address = {Basel ; Berlin}, issn = {0036-6978}, doi = {10.1007/s00048-020-00289-x}, pages = {113 -- 141}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Den Boden putzen, das Bett abziehen, einen Blumenstrauß arrangieren - Bem{\"u}hungen um Sauberkeit sowie eine angenehme Raumatmosph{\"a}re obliegen im Krankenhaus meist weiblichen* Pflegerinnen, Reinigungskr{\"a}ften und Hauswirtschafterinnen. Im Klinikalltag vermischen sich Anforderungen an hygienische Sauberkeit unter Prozessen der {\"O}konomisierung mit Logiken des Marketings sowie mit affektiv-emotionalen Bed{\"u}rfnissen der Akteur_innen dieser R{\"a}ume. Obwohl die Maßst{\"a}be klinischer Hygiene auf medizinischem Wissen basieren, sind die Arbeitsteilung sowie Anspr{\"u}che an Sauberkeit auf verschiedenen Hierarchieebenen zugleich von vergeschlechtlichten und teils rassifizierten Vorstellungen durchdrungen, die {\"u}ber den klinischen Kontext hinausweisen. Dies legt schon eine Besch{\"a}ftigung mit der Geschichte der Bakteriologie nahe: Die Logik und Sprache der Infektionsabwehr ist in Wissenschaft und Alltag auch verwoben mit sozialen Differenzmarkierungen. Unter R{\"u}ckgriff auf die Ergebnisse einer Ethnografie zu Sauberkeit und Reinigungsarbeiten im Krankenhaus, die wissensgeschichtlich fundiert werden, wird in dem Beitrag die Frage nach der (feminisierten) Sorge f{\"u}r die Umwelt mit der Frage nach der Atmosph{\"a}re klinischer R{\"a}ume verkn{\"u}pft. Auf welche Weise und mit welchen Effekten verschr{\"a}nken sich wissenschaftlich-medizinisches Hygienewissen mit einem allt{\"a}glichen, jedoch historisierbaren Wissen {\"u}ber sch{\"o}ne und angenehme Sauberkeit, das immer noch weiblich konnotiert ist?}, language = {de} } @book{OPUS4-56105, title = {Briefwechsel der Br{\"u}der Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm mit Johann Martin Lappenberg, Friedrich Lisch und Georg Waitz}, series = {Briefwechsel der Br{\"u}der Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm. Kritische Ausgabe in Einzelb{\"a}nden}, journal = {Briefwechsel der Br{\"u}der Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm. Kritische Ausgabe in Einzelb{\"a}nden}, number = {8}, editor = {Friemel, Berthold and Hoppe, Vinzenz and Kraut, Philip and Ehrhardt, Holger and Barton, Roman A.}, publisher = {Hirzel}, address = {Stuttgart}, isbn = {978-3-7776-2625-3}, pages = {835}, year = {2022}, language = {de} } @article{Haenel2020, author = {H{\"a}nel, Hilkje Charlotte}, title = {Who's to Blame?}, series = {Social Epistemology}, volume = {35}, journal = {Social Epistemology}, number = {2}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, doi = {10.1080/02691728.2020.1839591}, pages = {173 -- 184}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The main aim of this paper is to investigate how sexist ideology distorts our conceptions of sexual violence and the hermeneutical gaps such an ideology yields. I propose that we can understand the problematic issue of hermeneutical gaps about sexual violence with the help of Fricker's theory of hermeneutical injustice. By distinguishing between hermeneutical injustice and hermeneutical misfire, we can distinguish between the hermeneutical gap and its consequences for the victim of sexual violence and those of the perpetrator of such violence. I then argue that perpetrators are both morally responsible and accountable for their acts, even if they are the result of a hermeneutical misfire. Ultimately, I show that with regard to sexual violence, we should opt for accountability to change the behaviour of the perpetrator and the social structure. Content warning: The paper discusses sexual violence and difficulties conceptualising experiences of such violence.}, language = {en} } @article{Haenel2021, author = {H{\"a}nel, Hilkje Charlotte}, title = {\#MeToo and testimonial injustice}, series = {Philosophy and Social Criticism}, volume = {48}, journal = {Philosophy and Social Criticism}, number = {6}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {0191-4537}, doi = {10.1177/01914537211017578}, pages = {833 -- 859}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Two decades ago, Tarana Burke started using the phrase 'me too' to release victims of sexual abuse and rape from their shame and to empower girls from minority communities. In 2017, actress Alyssa Milano made the hashtag \#MeToo go viral. This article's concern is with the role of testimonial practices in the context of sexual violence. While many feminists have claimed that the word of those who claim to being sexually violated by others (should) have political and/or epistemic priority, others have failed to recognize the harm and injury of instances of sexual violence that are not yet acknowledged as such and failed to listen to victims from marginalized social groups. In fact, some feminists have attacked \#MeToo for mingling accounts of 'proper' sexual violence and accounts that are not 'proper' experiences of sexual violence. My aim in this article is to show why this critique is problematic and find a philosophically fruitful way to understand the \#MeToo-movement as a movement that strives for moral and conceptual progress.}, language = {en} } @article{Yılmaz2017, author = {Y{\i}lmaz, Zafer}, title = {The AKP and the spirit of the 'new' Turkey}, series = {Turkish studies}, volume = {18}, journal = {Turkish studies}, number = {3}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1468-3849}, doi = {10.1080/14683849.2017.1314763}, pages = {482 -- 513}, year = {2017}, abstract = {A strong sense of victimhood, a discourse of social suffering, and complementary bodily performances, which mobilize rancor, resentfulness, and revengefulness, are fundamental elements of Turkish-Islamist ideology. This article discusses the political dynamics and implications of such assertions of victimhood in the Turkish context. To underscore these dynamics, it analyses the role of the logic of pain in the subject formation of Turkish-Islamist identity and how this logic has been revitalized by constitutive and hegemonic social imagination, and circulated and intensified by a reactionary mood. Additionally, it aims to expose how this reactionary mood profoundly depends on contradictory subjectification processes, which simultaneously involve mobilization of feelings of impotency, non-responsibility, self-pitying, and sublimation of power. This subject formation opens the way for identification with authoritarian figures in the Turkish case.}, language = {en} } @misc{TjadenHaarmannSavaskan2022, author = {Tjaden, Jasper and Haarmann, Esther and Savaskan, Nicolai}, title = {Experimental evidence on improving COVID-19 vaccine outreach among migrant communities on social media}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {156}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-58740}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-587409}, pages = {10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Studies from several countries suggest that COVID-19 vaccination rates are lower among migrants compared to the general population. Urgent calls have been made to improve vaccine outreach to migrants, however, there is limited evidence on effective approaches, especially using social media. We assessed a targeted, low-cost, Facebook campaign disseminating COVID-19 vaccine information among Arabic, Turkish and Russian speakers in Germany (N = 888,994). As part of the campaign, we conducted two randomized, online experiments to assess the impact of the advertisement (1) language and (2) depicted messenger (government authority, religious leader, doctor or family). Key outcomes included reach, click-through rates, conversion rates and cost-effectiveness. Within 29 days, the campaign reached 890 thousand Facebook users. On average, 2.3 individuals accessed the advertised COVID-19 vaccination appointment tool for every euro spent on the campaign. Migrants were 2.4 (Arabic), 1.8 (Russian) and 1.2 (Turkish) times more likely to click on advertisements translated to their native language compared to German-language advertisements. Furthermore, findings showed that government representatives can be more successful in engaging migrants online compared to other messengers, despite common claims of lower trust in government institutions among migrants. This study highlights the potential of tailored, and translated, vaccination campaigns on social media for reaching migrants who may be left out by traditional media campaigns.}, language = {en} } @article{HirthVoigtSchueller2022, author = {Hirth, Janina and Voigt, Anna and Sch{\"u}ller, Elke}, title = {Richtig oder falsch?}, series = {Geschlechtergerechtigkeit und MINT : Irritationen, Ambivalenzen und Widerspr{\"u}che in Geschlechterdiskursen an Hochschulen}, journal = {Geschlechtergerechtigkeit und MINT : Irritationen, Ambivalenzen und Widerspr{\"u}che in Geschlechterdiskursen an Hochschulen}, publisher = {Budrich}, address = {Opladen}, isbn = {978-3-8474-2519-9}, pages = {193 -- 210}, year = {2022}, language = {de} } @article{Hipp2020, author = {Hipp, Lena}, title = {Do hiring practices penalize women and benefit men for having children?}, series = {European sociological review}, volume = {36}, journal = {European sociological review}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0266-7215}, doi = {10.1093/esr/jcz056}, pages = {250 -- 264}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Although observational studies from many countries have consistently shown that motherhood negatively affects women's wages, experimental findings on its effect on the likelihood of being hired are less conclusive. Motherhood penalties in hiring have been reported in the United States, the prototypical liberal market economy, but not in Sweden, the prototypical social-democratic welfare state. Based on a field experiment in Germany, this study examines the effects of parenthood on hiring processes in the prototypical conservative welfare state. My findings indicate that job recruitment processes indeed penalize women but not men for having children. In addition to providing theoretical explanations for why motherhood penalties in hiring are particularly likely to occur in the German context, this study also highlights several methodological and practical issues that should be considered when conducting correspondence studies to examine labour market discrimination.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Kohler2015, author = {Kohler, Ulrich}, title = {Toleranz}, series = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, booktitle = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, editor = {Diaz-Bone, Rainer and Weischer, Christoph}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-531-16629-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_20}, pages = {410 -- 410}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @incollection{Kohler2015, author = {Kohler, Ulrich}, title = {Perzentilband}, series = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, booktitle = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, editor = {Diaz-Bone, Rainer and Weischer, Christoph}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-531-16629-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_16}, pages = {308 -- 309}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @article{Kohler2019, author = {Kohler, Ulrich}, title = {Possible uses of nonprobability sampling for the social sciences}, series = {Survey methods : insights from the field}, journal = {Survey methods : insights from the field}, publisher = {Swiss Found. for Research in Social Sciences}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2296-4754}, doi = {10.13094/SMIF-2019-00014}, pages = {13}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This paper compares the usability of data stemming from probability sampling with data stemming from nonprobability sampling. It develops six research scenarios that differ in their research goals and assumptions about the data generating process. It is shown that inferences from data stemming from nonprobability sampling implies demanding assumptions on the homogeneity of the units being studied. Researchers who are not willing to pose these assumptions are generally better off using data from probability sampling, regardless of the amount of nonresponse. However, even in cases when data from probability sampling is clearly advertised, data stemming from nonprobability sampling may contribute to the cumulative scientific endeavour of pinpointing a plausible interval for the parameter of interest.}, language = {en} } @article{HippKohlerLeumann2019, author = {Hipp, Lena and Kohler, Ulrich and Leumann, Sandra}, title = {How to implement respondent-driven sampling in practice}, series = {Survey methods : insights from the field}, journal = {Survey methods : insights from the field}, publisher = {Swiss Found. for Research in Social Sciences}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2296-4754}, doi = {10.13094/SMIF-2019-00009}, pages = {1 -- 13}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This article draws on the experience from an ongoing research project employing respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to survey (illicit) 24-hour home care workers. We highlight issues around the preparatory work and the fielding of the survey to provide researchers with useful insights on how to implement RDS when surveying populations for which the method has not yet been used. We conclude the article with ethical considerations that occur when employing RDS.}, language = {en} } @misc{KeckKohlerNauenburg2016, author = {Keck, Wolfgang and Kohler, Ulrich and Nauenburg, Ricarda}, title = {Quality of life in the european union and the candidate countries}, publisher = {WZB - Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin f{\"u}r Sozialforschung}, doi = {10.7802/1209}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Harmonized data file as the basis for comparative analysis of quality of life in the Candidate Countries and the European Union member states, based on seven different data sets, one Eurobarometer survey covering 13 Candidate Countries with an identical set of variables conducted in April 2002, the other six Standard Eurobarometer of different subjects and fielded in different years, each with another set of questions identical with the CC Eurobarometer. Selected aggregate indicators of quality of life ... describing the social situation in the EU15 and Candidate Countries.}, language = {en} } @misc{Kohler2020, author = {Kohler, Ulrich}, title = {Editorial: Survey Research Methods during the COVID-19 Crisis}, series = {Survey Research Methods}, volume = {14}, journal = {Survey Research Methods}, number = {2}, address = {Konstanz}, issn = {1864-3361}, doi = {10.18148/srm/2020.v14i2.7769}, pages = {93 -- 94}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @incollection{Kohler, author = {Kohler, Ulrich}, title = {European Quality of Life Survey}, series = {Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research}, booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research}, editor = {Michalos, Alex C.}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, isbn = {978-94-007-0752-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_939}, pages = {2014 -- 2017}, language = {en} } @misc{KrawietzKohlerClassetal.2020, author = {Krawietz, Marian and Kohler, Ulrich and Class, Fabian and Albrecht, Sophia and Feuerstein, Collin}, title = {The potsdam grievance statistic File (PGSF)}, doi = {10.4232/1.12993}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Der Potsdam Grievance Statistics File (PGSF) ist eine historische Datensammlung von Beschwerden, sog. Eingaben, die in der DDR von deren B{\"u}rgern eingereicht wurden. Die Eingaben wurden schriftlich oder m{\"u}ndlich gestellt und waren an staatliche Institutionen gerichtet. Der Staat z{\"a}hlte diese Eingaben und kategorisierte sie in Eingabenstatistiken. Der PGSF enth{\"a}lt Eingabenstatistiken des Zeitraums 1970-1989 einer Wahrscheinlichkeitsstichprobe von im Jahr 1990 existierenden Kreisen. Zus{\"a}tzlich finden sich Eingabenstatistiken eines Convenience-Samples von Kreisen aus dem Zeitraum 1970-1989.}, language = {de} } @misc{AlbrechtClassFeuersteinetal.2020, author = {Albrecht, Sophia and Class, Fabian and Feuerstein, Collin and Kohler, Ulrich and Krawietz, Marian}, title = {The Potsdam grievance statistics file (PGSF)}, doi = {10.4232/1.13615}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Der Potsdam Grievance Statistics File (PGSF) ist eine historische Datensammlung von Beschwerden, sog. Eingaben, die in der DDR von deren B{\"u}rgern eingereicht wurden. Die Eingaben wurden schriftlich oder m{\"u}ndlich gestellt und waren an staatliche Institutionen gerichtet. Der Staat z{\"a}hlte diese Eingaben und kategorisierte sie in Eingabenstatistiken. Der PGSF enth{\"a}lt Eingabenstatistiken des Zeitraums 1970-1989 einer Wahrscheinlichkeitsstichprobe von im Jahr 1990 existierenden Kreisen. Zus{\"a}tzlich finden sich Eingabenstatistiken eines Convenience-Samples von Kreisen aus dem Zeitraum 1970-1989.}, language = {de} } @misc{AlbrechtClassGoebeletal.2020, author = {Albrecht, Sophia and Class, Fabian and Goebel, Jan and Kohler, Ulrich and Krawietz, Marian}, title = {Leben in der ehemaligen DDR}, series = {SOEP Survey Papers}, journal = {SOEP Survey Papers}, publisher = {German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin)}, address = {Berlin}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @misc{KrawietzGoebelAlbrechtetal.2019, author = {Krawietz, Marian and Goebel, Jan and Albrecht, Sophia and Class, Fabian and Kohler, Ulrich}, title = {Leben in der ehemaligen DDR}, publisher = {German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin)}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.5684/soep.ddr18}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @incollection{Kohler2015, author = {Kohler, Ulrich}, title = {Variance Inflation Factor}, series = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, booktitle = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, editor = {Diaz-Bone, Rainer and Weischer, Christoph}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-531-16629-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_22}, pages = {423 -- 423}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @incollection{Kohler2015, author = {Kohler, Ulrich}, title = {Cook's Distanz}, series = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, booktitle = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, editor = {Diaz-Bone, Rainer and Weischer, Christoph}, publisher = {Springer Fachmedien}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-531-16629-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_3}, pages = {69 -- 69}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @incollection{Kohler2015, author = {Kohler, Ulrich}, title = {Component-Plus-Residual Plot}, series = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, booktitle = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, editor = {Diaz-Bone, Rainer and Weischer, Christoph}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-531-16629-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_3}, pages = {67 -- 67}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @incollection{Kohler2015, author = {Kohler, Ulrich}, title = {Homoskedastizit{\"a}t}, series = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, booktitle = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, editor = {Diaz-Bone, Rainer and Weischer, Christoph}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-531-16629-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_8}, pages = {181 -- 181}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @incollection{Kohler2015, author = {Kohler, Ulrich}, title = {Added Variable Plot}, series = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, booktitle = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, editor = {Diaz-Bone, Rainer and Weischer, Christoph}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-531-16629-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_1}, pages = {11 -- 11}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @incollection{Kohler2015, author = {Kohler, Ulrich}, title = {DFbeta}, series = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, booktitle = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, editor = {Diaz-Bone, Rainer and Weischer, Christoph}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-531-16629-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_4}, pages = {88 -- 88}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @incollection{KohlerPoege2015, author = {Kohler, Ulrich and P{\"o}ge, Andreas}, title = {Optimal Matching}, series = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, booktitle = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, editor = {Diaz-Bone, Rainer and Weischer, Christoph}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-531-16629-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_15}, pages = {299 -- 299}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @incollection{Kohler2015, author = {Kohler, Ulrich}, title = {Sequenzanalyse [1]}, series = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, booktitle = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, editor = {Diaz-Bone, Rainer and Weischer, Christoph}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-531-16629-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_19}, pages = {364 -- 364}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @incollection{Kohler2015, author = {Kohler, Ulrich}, title = {Regressionsdiagnostik}, series = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, booktitle = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, editor = {Diaz-Bone, Rainer and Weischer, Christoph}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-531-16629-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_18}, pages = {348 -- 348}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @incollection{Kohler2015, author = {Kohler, Ulrich}, title = {Q-Q-Plot}, series = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, booktitle = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, editor = {Diaz-Bone, Rainer and Weischer, Christoph}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-531-16629-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_17}, pages = {329 -- 329}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @incollection{Kohler2015, author = {Kohler, Ulrich}, title = {P-P-Plot}, series = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, booktitle = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, editor = {Diaz-Bone, Rainer and Weischer, Christoph}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-531-16629-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_16}, pages = {301 -- 301}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @incollection{Kohler2015, author = {Kohler, Ulrich}, title = {Lowess}, series = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, booktitle = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, editor = {Diaz-Bone, Rainer and Weischer, Christoph}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-531-16629-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_12}, pages = {250 -- 251}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @book{KohlerKreuter2016, author = {Kohler, Ulrich and Kreuter, Frauke}, title = {Datenanalyse mit Stata}, edition = {5., aktualisierte}, publisher = {de Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-11-046950-9}, doi = {10.1515/9783110469509}, pages = {XII, 514}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Dieses Buch bietet eine Einf{\"u}hrung in das Datenanalysepaket Stata und ist zugleich das einzige Buch {\"u}ber Stata, das auch Anf{\"a}ngern eine ausreichende Erkl{\"a}rung statistischer Verfahren liefert. „Datenanalyse mit Stata' ist kein Befehls-Handbuch sondern erl{\"a}utert alle Schritte einer Datenanalyse an praktischen Beispielen. Die Beispiele beziehen sich auf Themen der {\"o}ffentlichen Diskussion oder der direkten Umgebung der meisten Leser. Damit eignet sich diese Buch als Einstieg in Data Analytics in allen Disziplinen. Die neue Auflage bietet einen systematischeren Zugang zum Datenmanagement in Gegenwart von „Missing Values' und behandelt die in der Stata-Programmversion 14 implementierte Unicode-Codierung.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Kohler2015, author = {Kohler, Ulrich}, title = {Sunflower plot}, series = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, booktitle = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, editor = {Diaz-Bone, Rainer and Weischer, Christoph}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-531-16629-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_19}, pages = {400 -- 401}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @incollection{Kohler, author = {Kohler, Ulrich}, title = {Heteroskedastizit{\"a}t}, series = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, booktitle = {Methoden-Lexikon f{\"u}r die Sozialwissenschaften}, editor = {Diaz-Bone, Rainer and Weischer, Christoph}, publisher = {Springer Fachmedien}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-531-16629-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_8}, pages = {177 -- 177}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Tattarini2022, author = {Tattarini, Giulia}, title = {A job is good, but is a good job healthier?}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-53672}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-536723}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {182}, year = {2022}, abstract = {What are the consequences of unemployment and precarious employment for individuals' health in Europe? What are the moderating factors that may offset (or increase) the health consequences of labor-market risks? How do the effects of these risks vary across different contexts, which differ in their institutional and cultural settings? Does gender, regarded as a social structure, play a role, and how? To answer these questions is the aim of my cumulative thesis. This study aims to advance our knowledge about the health consequences that unemployment and precariousness cause over the life course. In particular, I investigate how several moderating factors, such as gender, the family, and the broader cultural and institutional context, may offset or increase the impact of employment instability and insecurity on individual health. In my first paper, 'The buffering role of the family in the relationship between job loss and self-perceived health: Longitudinal results from Europe, 2004-2011', I and my co-authors measure the causal effect of job loss on health and the role of the family and welfare states (regimes) as moderating factors. Using EU-SILC longitudinal data (2004-2011), we estimate the probability of experiencing 'bad health' following a transition to unemployment by applying linear probability models and undertake separate analyses for men and women. Firstly, we measure whether changes in the independent variable 'job loss' lead to changes in the dependent variable 'self-rated health' for men and women separately. Then, by adding into the model different interaction terms, we measure the moderating effect of the family, both in terms of emotional and economic support, and how much it varies across different welfare regimes. As an identification strategy, we first implement static fixed-effect panel models, which control for time-varying observables and indirect health selection—i.e., constant unobserved heterogeneity. Secondly, to control for reverse causality and path dependency, we implement dynamic fixed-effect panel models, adding a lagged dependent variable to the model. We explore the role of the family by focusing on close ties within households: we consider the presence of a stable partner and his/her working status as a source of social and economic support. According to previous literature, having a partner should reduce the stress from adverse events, thanks to the symbolic and emotional dimensions that such a relationship entails, regardless of any economic benefits. Our results, however, suggest that benefits linked to the presence of a (female) partner also come from the financial stability that (s)he can provide in terms of a second income. Furthermore, we find partners' employment to be at least as important as the mere presence of the partner in reducing the negative effect of job loss on the individual's health by maintaining the household's standard of living and decreasing economic strain on the family. Our results are in line with previous research, which has highlighted that some people cope better than others with adverse life circumstances, and the support provided by the family is a crucial resource in that regard. We also reported an important interaction between the family and the welfare state in moderating the health consequences of unemployment, showing how the compensation effect of the family varies across welfare regimes. The family plays a decisive role in cushioning the adverse consequences of labor market risks in Southern and Eastern welfare states, characterized by less developed social protection systems and -especially the Southern - high level of familialism. The first paper also found important gender differences concerning job loss, family and welfare effects. Of particular interest is the evidence suggesting that health selection works differently for men and women, playing a more prominent role for women than for men in explaining the relationship between job loss and self-perceived health. The second paper, 'Gender roles and selection mechanisms across contexts: A comparative analysis of the relationship between unemployment, self-perceived health, and gender.' investigates more in-depth the gender differential in health driven by unemployment. Being a highly contested issue in literature, we aim to study whether men are more penalized than women or the other way around and the mechanisms that may explain the gender difference. To do that, we rely on two theoretical arguments: the availability of alternative roles and social selection. The first argument builds on the idea that men and women may compensate for the detrimental health consequences of unemployment through the commitment to 'alternative roles,' which can provide for the resources needed to fulfill people's socially constructed needs. Notably, the availability of alternative options depends on the different positions that men and women have in society. Further, we merge the availability of the 'alternative roles' argument with the health selection argument. We assume that health selection could be contingent on people's social position as defined by gender and, thus, explain the gender differential in the relationship between unemployment and health. Ill people might be less reluctant to fall or remain (i.e., self-select) in unemployment if they have alternative roles. In Western societies, women generally have more alternative roles than men and thus more discretion in their labor market attachment. Therefore, health selection should be stronger for them, explaining why unemployment is less menace for women than for their male counterparts. Finally, relying on the idea of different gender regimes, we extended these arguments to comparison across contexts. For example, in contexts where being a caregiver is assumed to be women's traditional and primary roles and the primary breadwinner role is reserved to men, unemployment is less stigmatized, and taking up alternative roles is more socially accepted for women than for men (Hp.1). Accordingly, social (self)selection should be stronger for women than for men in traditional contexts, where, in the case of ill-health, the separation from work is eased by the availability of alternative roles (Hp.2). By focusing on contexts that are representative of different gender regimes, we implement a multiple-step comparative approach. Firstly, by using EU-SILC longitudinal data (2004-2015), our analysis tests gender roles and selection mechanisms for Sweden and Italy, representing radically different gender regimes, thus providing institutional and cultural variation. Then, we limit institutional heterogeneity by focusing on Germany and comparing East- and West-Germany and older and younger cohorts—for West-Germany (SOEP data 1995-2017). Next, to assess the differential impact of unemployment for men and women, we compared (unemployed and employed) men with (unemployed and employed) women. To do so, we calculate predicted probabilities and average marginal effect from two distinct random-effects probit models. Our first step is estimating random-effects models that assess the association between unemployment and self-perceived health, controlling for observable characteristics. In the second step, our fully adjusted model controls for both direct and indirect selection. We do this using dynamic correlated random-effects (CRE) models. Further, based on the fully adjusted model, we test our hypotheses on alternative roles (Hp.1) by comparing several contexts - models are estimated separately for each context. For this hypothesis, we pool men and women and include an interaction term between unemployment and gender, which has the advantage to allow for directly testing whether gender differences in the effect of unemployment exist and are statistically significant. Finally, we test the role of selection mechanisms (Hp.2), using the KHB method to compare coefficients across nested nonlinear models. Specifically, we test the role of selection for the relationship between unemployment and health by comparing the partially-adjusted and fully-adjusted models. To allow selection mechanisms to operate differently between genders, we estimate separate models for men and women. We found support to our first hypotheses—the context where people are embedded structures the relationship between unemployment, health, and gender. We found no gendered effect of unemployment on health in the egalitarian context of Sweden. Conversely, in the traditional context of Italy, we observed substantive and statistically significant gender differences in the effect of unemployment on bad health, with women suffering less than men. We found the same pattern for comparing East and West Germany and younger and older cohorts in West Germany. On the contrary, our results did not support our theoretical argument on social selection. We found that in Sweden, women are more selected out of employment than men. In contrast, in Italy, health selection does not seem to be the primary mechanism behind the gender differential—Italian men and women seem to be selected out of employment to the same extent. Namely, we do not find any evidence that health selection is stronger for women in more traditional countries (Hp2), despite the fact that the institutional and the cultural context would offer them a more comprehensive range of 'alternative roles' relative to men. Moreover, our second hypothesis is also rejected in the second and third comparisons, where the cross-country heterogeneity is reduced to maximize cultural differences within the same institutional context. Further research that addresses selection into inactivity is needed to evaluate the interplay between selection and social roles across gender regimes. While the health consequences of unemployment have been on the research agenda for a pretty long time, the interest in precarious employment—defined as the linking of the vulnerable worker to work that is characterized by uncertainty and insecurity concerning pay, the stability of the work arrangement, limited access to social benefits, and statutory protections—has emerged only later. Since the 80s, scholars from different disciplines have raised concerns about the social consequences of de-standardization of employment relationships. However, while work has become undoubtedly more precarious, very little is known about its causal effect on individual health and the role of gender as a moderator. These questions are at the core of my third paper : 'Bad job, bad health? A longitudinal analysis of the interaction between precariousness, gender and self-perceived health in Germany'. Herein, I investigate the multidimensional nature of precarious employment and its causal effect on health, particularly focusing on gender differences. With this paper, I aim at overcoming three major shortcomings of earlier studies: The first one regards the cross-sectional nature of data that prevents the authors from ruling out unobserved heterogeneity as a mechanism for the association between precarious employment and health. Indeed, several unmeasured individual characteristics—such as cognitive abilities—may confound the relationship between precarious work and health, leading to biased results. Secondly, only a few studies have directly addressed the role of gender in shaping the relationship. Moreover, available results on the gender differential are mixed and inconsistent: some found precarious employment being more detrimental for women's health, while others found no gender differences or stronger negative association for men. Finally, previous attempts to an empirical translation of the employment precariousness (EP) concept have not always been coherent with their theoretical framework. EP is usually assumed to be a multidimensional and continuous phenomenon; it is characterized by different dimensions of insecurity that may overlap in the same job and lead to different "degrees of precariousness." However, researchers have predominantly focused on one-dimensional indicators—e.g., temporary employment, subjective job insecurity—to measure EP and study the association with health. Besides the fact that this approach partially grasps the phenomenon's complexity, the major problem is the inconsistency of evidence that it has produced. Indeed, this line of inquiry generally reveals an ambiguous picture, with some studies finding substantial adverse effects of temporary over permanent employment, while others report only minor differences. To measure the (causal) effect of precarious work on self-rated health and its variation by gender, I focus on Germany and use four waves from SOEP data (2003, 2007, 2011, and 2015). Germany is a suitable context for my study. Indeed, since the 1980s, the labor market and welfare system have been restructured in many ways to increase the German economy's competitiveness in the global market. As a result, the (standard) employment relationship has been de-standardized: non-standard and atypical employment arrangements—i.e., part-time work, fixed-term contracts, mini-jobs, and work agencies—have increased over time while wages have lowered, even among workers with standard work. In addition, the power of unions has also fallen over the last three decades, leaving a large share of workers without collective protection. Because of this process of de-standardization, the link between wage employment and strong social rights has eroded, making workers more powerless and more vulnerable to labor market risks than in the past. EP refers to this uneven distribution of power in the employment relationship, which can be detrimental to workers' health. Indeed, by affecting individuals' access to power and other resources, EP puts precarious workers at risk of experiencing health shocks and influences their ability to gain and accumulate health advantages (Hp.1). Further, the focus on Germany allows me to investigate my second research question on the gender differential. Germany is usually regarded as a traditionalist gender regime: a context characterized by a configuration of roles. Here, being a caregiver is assumed to be women's primary role, whereas the primary breadwinner role is reserved for men. Although many signs of progress have been made over the last decades towards a greater equalization of opportunities and more egalitarianism, the breadwinner model has barely changed towards a modified version. Thus, women usually take on the double role of workers (the so-called secondary earner) and caregivers, and men still devote most of their time to paid work activities. Moreover, the overall upward trend towards more egalitarian gender ideologies has leveled off over the last decades, moving notably towards more traditional gender ideologies. In this setting, two alternative hypotheses are possible. Firstly, I assume that the negative relationship between EP and health is stronger for women than for men. This is because women are systematically more disadvantaged than men in the public and private spheres of life, having less access to formal and informal sources of power. These gender-related power asymmetries may interact with EP-related power asymmetries resulting in a stronger effect of EP on women's health than on men's health (Hp.2). An alternative way of looking at the gender differential is to consider the interaction that precariousness might have with men's and women's gender identities. According to this view, the negative relationship between EP and health is weaker for women than for men (Hp.2a). In a society with a gendered division of labor and a strong link between masculine identities and stable and well-rewarded job—i.e., a job that confers the role of primary family provider—a male worker with precarious employment might violate the traditional male gender role. Men in precarious jobs may perceive themselves (and by others) as possessing a socially undesirable characteristic, which conflicts with the stereotypical idea of themselves as the male breadwinner. Engaging in behaviors that contradict stereotypical gender identity may decrease self-esteem and foster feelings of inferiority, helplessness, and jealousy, leading to poor health. I develop a new indicator of EP that empirically translates a definition of EP as a multidimensional and continuous phenomenon. I assume that EP is a latent construct composed of seven dimensions of insecurity chosen according to the theory and previous empirical research: Income insecurity, social insecurity, legal insecurity, employment insecurity, working-time insecurity, representation insecurity, worker's vulnerability. The seven dimensions are proxied by eight indicators available in the four waves of the SOEP dataset. The EP composite indicator is obtained by performing a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) on the eight indicators. This approach aims to construct a summary scale in which all dimensions contribute jointly to the measured experience of precariousness and its health impact. Further, the relationship between EP and 'general self-perceived health' is estimated by applying ordered probit random-effects estimators and calculating average marginal effect (further AME). Then, to control for unobserved heterogeneity, I implement correlated random-effects models that add to the model the within-individual means of the time-varying independent variables. To test the significance of the gender differential, I add an interaction term between EP and gender in the fully adjusted model in the pooled sample. My correlated random-effects models showed EP's negative and substantial 'effect' on self-perceived health for both men and women. Although nonsignificant, the evidence seems in line with previous cross-sectional literature. It supports the hypothesis that employment precariousness could be detrimental to workers' health. Further, my results showed the crucial role of unobserved heterogeneity in shaping the health consequences of precarious employment. This is particularly important as evidence accumulates, yet it is still mostly descriptive. Moreover, my results revealed a substantial difference among men and women in the relationship between EP and health: when EP increases, the risk of experiencing poor health increases much more for men than for women. This evidence falsifies previous theory according to whom the gender differential is contingent on the structurally disadvantaged position of women in western societies. In contrast, they seem to confirm the idea that men in precarious work could experience role conflict to a larger extent than women, as their self-standard is supposed to be the stereotypical breadwinner worker with a good and well-rewarded job. Finally, results from the multiple correspondence analysis contribute to the methodological debate on precariousness, showing that a multidimensional and continuous indicator can express a latent variable of EP. All in all, complementarities are revealed in the results of unemployment and employment precariousness, which have two implications: Policy-makers need to be aware that the total costs of unemployment and precariousness go far beyond the economic and material realm penetrating other fundamental life domains such as individual health. Moreover, they need to balance the trade-off between protecting adequately unemployed people and fostering high-quality employment in reaction to the highlighted market pressures. In this sense, the further development of a (universalistic) welfare state certainly helps mitigate the adverse health effects of unemployment and, therefore, the future costs of both individuals' health and welfare spending. In addition, the presence of a working partner is crucial for reducing the health consequences of employment instability. Therefore, policies aiming to increase female labor market participation should be promoted, especially in those contexts where the welfare state is less developed. Moreover, my results support the significance of taking account of a gender perspective in health research. The findings of the three articles show that job loss, unemployment, and precarious employment, in general, have adverse effects on men's health but less or absent consequences for women's health. Indeed, this suggests the importance of labor and health policies that consider and further distinguish the specific needs of the male and female labor force in Europe. Nevertheless, a further implication emerges: the health consequences of employment instability and de-standardization need to be investigated in light of the gender arrangements and the transforming gender relationships in specific cultural and institutional contexts. My results indeed seem to suggest that women's health advantage may be a transitory phenomenon, contingent on the predominant gendered institutional and cultural context. As the structural difference between men's and women's position in society is eroded, egalitarianism becomes the dominant normative status, so will probably be the gender difference in the health consequences of job loss and precariousness. Therefore, while gender equality in opportunities and roles is a desirable aspect for contemporary societies and a political goal that cannot be postponed further, this thesis raises a further and maybe more crucial question: What kind of equality should be pursued to provide men and women with both good life quality and equal chances in the public and private spheres? In this sense, I believe that social and labor policies aiming to reduce gender inequality in society should focus on improving women's integration into the labor market, implementing policies targeting men, and facilitating their involvement in the private sphere of life. Equal redistribution of social roles could activate a crucial transformation of gender roles and the cultural models that sustain and still legitimate gender inequality in Western societies.}, language = {en} } @article{KohlerClassSawert2023, author = {Kohler, Ulrich and Class, Fabian and Sawert, Tim}, title = {Control variable selection in applied quantitative sociology}, series = {European sociological review}, journal = {European sociological review}, number = {20}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0266-7215}, doi = {10.1093/esr/jcac078}, pages = {14}, year = {2023}, abstract = {A review of all research papers published in the European Sociological Review in 2016 and 2017 (N = 118) shows that only a minority of papers clearly define the parameter of interest and provide sufficient reasoning for the selected control variables of the statistical analysis. Thus, the vast majority of papers does not reach minimal standards for the selection of control variables. Consequently, a majority of papers interpret biased coefficients, or statistics without proper sociological meaning. We postulate that authors and reviewers should be more careful about control variable selection. We propose graphical causal models in the form of directed acyclic graphs as an example for a parsimonious and powerful means to that end.}, language = {en} } @article{Wolf2022, author = {Wolf, Hannah}, title = {Es ist, als ob der Stuhl wackelt}, series = {Figurationen der Wohnungsnot}, journal = {Figurationen der Wohnungsnot}, publisher = {Beltz}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-3919-1}, pages = {116 -- 137}, year = {2022}, language = {de} } @article{Mackert2013, author = {Mackert, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Gewalt in Ordnungskonflikten als Problem der erkl{\"a}renden Soziologie}, series = {Berliner Journal f{\"u}r Soziologie}, volume = {23}, journal = {Berliner Journal f{\"u}r Soziologie}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {0863-1808}, doi = {10.1007/s11609-013-0210-y}, pages = {91 -- 113}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Gewaltt{\"a}tige soziale und politische Auseinandersetzungen, wie sie sich j{\"u}ngst in den Staaten Nordafrikas und des Nahen Ostens, in den franz{\"o}sischen Banlieues oder in London ereignet haben, deuten darauf hin, dass die sozialen Ordnungen, in denen sie entstehen, nicht l{\"a}nger ungeteilt als legitim erachtet werden. Vielmehr werden sie von alternativen Ordnungsvorstellungen infrage gestellt und herausgefordert. Auf die Erkl{\"a}rung derartiger Ordnungskonflikte ist die Soziologie nicht gut vorbereitet. Der Aufsatz skizziert deshalb zun{\"a}chst Probleme und offene Fragen einer Soziologie der Gewalt - von der klassischen Soziologie {\"u}ber begrifflich-konzeptionelle und theoretisch-methodologische Probleme bis hin zu problematischen modernisierungs- und zivilisationstheoretischen Annahmen {\"u}ber eine k{\"u}nftige Rolle von Gewalt in sozialen Prozessen. Eine Erkl{\"a}rung der genannten Ph{\"a}nomene, so die These, wird nur dann m{\"o}glich, wenn eine Soziologie der Gewalt den konstitutiven Zusammenhang von Ph{\"a}nomenen physischer Gewalt und Formen sozialer Ordnung in den Mittelpunkt stellt. Eine erkl{\"a}rende Soziologie, die „Warum"- und „Wie"-Fragen nicht auseinanderreißt, muss sich dazu auf die sozialen Mechanismen der Gewaltentstehung in Prozessen der Produktion und Reproduktion sozialer Ordnung konzentrieren.}, language = {de} } @article{Mackert2011, author = {Mackert, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Im Auftrag des Staates}, series = {Berliner Journal f{\"u}r Soziologie}, volume = {21}, journal = {Berliner Journal f{\"u}r Soziologie}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {0863-1808}, doi = {10.1007/s11609-011-0165-9}, pages = {431 -- 459}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Folter ist ein Akt extremer kollektiver Gewalt, der im Auftrag eines Staates im Geheimen ausge{\"u}bt wird. Die Frage, was Menschen dazu bringt, anderen Menschen diese extreme Gewalt anzutun, verengt den Blick f{\"u}r ein Verst{\"a}ndnis der Folter allzu schnell auf individualistische Erkl{\"a}rungsversuche. Der vorliegende Aufsatz geht im Gegensatz dazu von der Gruppe der Folterer aus und r{\"u}ckt die sozialen Beziehungen dieser Form der Vergesellschaftung und die von ihnen ausgehenden sozialen Dynamiken und Effekte in den Mittelpunkt. In einem ersten Schritt werden Georg Simmels formale Bestimmungen der geheimen Gesellschaft rekonstruiert und auf die geheime Gesellschaft der Folterer angewandt und spezifiziert; auf dieser Grundlage werden im zweiten Schritt Handlungsbedingungen der Mitglieder der geheimen Gesellschaft der Folterer herausgearbeitet; der dritte Schritt bestimmt die eigendynamischen Prozesse des Ph{\"a}nomens der Folter, die aus der Eskalation politischer Konflikte, der Gruppe der Folterer und der Situation der Folter erwachsen. Die These lautet, dass sich aus der Perspektive einer relationalen Soziologie ein theoretischer Zugriff auf das Problem der Folter ergibt, der weiterf{\"u}hrende Erkl{\"a}rungen des Ph{\"a}nomens erm{\"o}glicht.}, language = {de} } @article{Mackert2010, author = {Mackert, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Opportunit{\"a}tsstrukturen und Lebenschancen}, series = {Berliner Journal f{\"u}r Soziologie}, volume = {20}, journal = {Berliner Journal f{\"u}r Soziologie}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {1862-2593}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11609-010-0135-7}, pages = {401 -- 420}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Der Beitrag diskutiert Genese, Bedeutungsgehalt und theoretischen Kontext des Merton'schen Konzepts der Opportunit{\"a}tsstruktur und des von ihm bei Weber entliehenen Konzepts der Lebenschancen. Die These lautet, dass beide Konzepte konflikttheoretisch interpretiert werden m{\"u}ssen, damit sie ihr volles analytisches und erkl{\"a}rendes Potenzial zur Analyse zentraler sozialer Konflikte entfalten k{\"o}nnen. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass beide Konzepte in ihrem Bedeutungsgehalt konvergieren, ein konflikttheoretisch inspiriertes Verst{\"a}ndnis aber unterschiedliche theoretische Strategien erfordert. W{\"a}hrend die Opportunit{\"a}tsstrukturen jenseits des Merton'schen Verst{\"a}ndnisses reinterpretiert werden m{\"u}ssen, um verstehen zu k{\"o}nnen, dass das Handeln sozialer Akteure die Optionen anderer beschr{\"a}nken kann, ist f{\"u}r die Lebenschancen ein Zur{\"u}ck zu Max Webers urspr{\"u}nglicher Idee angezeigt, um der Bedeutung sozialer Schließung als sozialen Mechanismus einer Auseinandersetzung um knappe G{\"u}ter nachgehen zu k{\"o}nnen}, language = {de} } @book{MackertSteinbicker2013, author = {Mackert, J{\"u}rgen and Steinbicker, Jochen}, title = {Zur Aktualit{\"a}t von Robert K. Merton}, series = {Aktuelle und klassische Sozial- und KulturwissenschaftlerInnen}, journal = {Aktuelle und klassische Sozial- und KulturwissenschaftlerInnen}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-531-19040-2}, issn = {2625-9389}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-19040-2}, pages = {132}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Robert King Merton (1910 - 2003) gilt heute l{\"a}ngst als Klassiker der Soziologie. Er kann als der bedeutendste Soziologe der zweiten H{\"a}lfte des 20. Jahrhunderts und als Wegbereiter einer modernen Soziologie bezeichnet werden, die das konstitutive Verh{\"a}ltnis von soziologischer Theorie und empirischer Forschung ins Zentrum des Interesses ger{\"u}ckt hat. Aufgrund seiner Beitr{\"a}ge zur Sozialtheorie, zur Begriffsbildung in der Soziologie und seiner vielf{\"a}ltigen inhaltlichen und empirischen Arbeiten spielt Merton bis heute eine bedeutende Rolle in der Soziologie als wissenschaftlicher Disziplin.}, language = {de} } @article{Mackert2015, author = {Mackert, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {The secret society of torturers}, series = {Internationale journal of conflict and violence}, volume = {9}, journal = {Internationale journal of conflict and violence}, number = {1}, issn = {1864-1385}, doi = {10.4119/ijcv-3071}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0070-ijcv-2015130}, pages = {106 -- 120}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The Secret Society of Torturers107How do normal people become able to torture others? In order to explain this puzzling social phenomenon, we have to take secrecy - the characteristic trait of modern torture - as the lynchpin of the analysis. Following Georg Simmel's formal analysis of the "secret society", the contribution reconstructs structural and cultural aspects of the secret society of torturers that generate social processes that allow its members to behave extremely violently, forcing individuals to turn into torturers. The contribution argues that the form of social behaviour that we call torture is socially shaped. It goes beyond social psychology to de-velop an explanation from the perspective of relational sociology}, language = {en} } @article{Mackert2010, author = {Mackert, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Auf den Schultern von Robert Merton?}, series = {die analytische Soziologie in der Diskussion}, journal = {die analytische Soziologie in der Diskussion}, publisher = {VS, Verl. f{\"u}r Sozialwiss.}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-531-16914-9}, pages = {91 -- 115}, year = {2010}, language = {de} } @article{Mackert2010, author = {Mackert, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Lebenschancen und die Dynamik sozialer Ungleichheit}, series = {Soziale Ungleichheiten}, journal = {Soziale Ungleichheiten}, publisher = {Seismo}, address = {Z{\"u}rich}, isbn = {978-3-03-777067-2}, pages = {11 -- 33}, year = {2010}, language = {de} } @article{Mackert2014, author = {Mackert, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Schließung, soziale}, series = {Max Weber-Handbuch : Leben - Werk - Wirkung}, journal = {Max Weber-Handbuch : Leben - Werk - Wirkung}, publisher = {WBG}, address = {Darmstadt}, isbn = {978-3-534-26348-6}, pages = {122 -- 124}, year = {2014}, language = {de} } @article{Mackert2012, author = {Mackert, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Social Closure}, series = {Oxford Bibliographies}, journal = {Oxford Bibliographies}, publisher = {Oxford University}, address = {Oxford}, doi = {10.1093/obo/9780199756384-0084}, year = {2012}, abstract = {"Social closure" is one of the most basic terms and concepts in sociology. Basically, closure refers to processes of drawing boundaries, constructing identities, and building communities in order to monopolize scarce resources for one's own group, thereby excluding others from using them. Society is not a homogenous entity but is instead internally structured and subdivided by processes of social closure. Some social formations, such as groups, organizations, or institutions, may be open to everybody, provided they are capable of participation, while access to most others is limited due to certain criteria that either allow people to become members or exclude them from membership. Therefore, social closure is a ubiquitous, everyday phenomenon that can be observed in almost every sphere and place in the social world. Members of societies experience closure from the very beginning of their social life. To be excluded from certain groups starts at school, where presumably homogenous classes begin to subdivide into distinct peer groups or sports teams. Here, exclusion may be rather arbitrary, but the experience of having a door slammed in one's face proceeds in cases, where inclusion depends on formal rules or preconditions. Access to private schools follows explicit rules and depends on financial capacities; access to university depends on a certificate or diploma, eventually from certain schools only; membership in a highly prestigious club depends on economic and social capital and the respective social networks; and finally, in the case of migration, people will have to be eligible for citizenship and pass the thorny path of naturalization. However, it is not just the enormous plurality of forms that makes social closure crucial for sociology. Rather, the process of closure of social relations—of groups, organizations, institutions, and even national societies—is the fundamental process of both "communal" (Vergemeinschaftung) and "associative" relationships (Vergesellschaftung), and neither would be possible without social closure. In this broad and fundamental sense, social closure is not restricted to processes in national societies. It even allows for understanding crucial processes of the way the social world is organized at the regional or global level.}, language = {en} } @article{Mackert2014, author = {Mackert, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {The secret society and the social dynamics of terrorist behavior}, series = {Revue de Synth{\`e}se}, volume = {135}, journal = {Revue de Synth{\`e}se}, publisher = {Brill}, address = {Leiden}, issn = {1955-2343}, doi = {10.1007/s11873-014-0261-z}, pages = {331 -- 359}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The article argues that individualist accounts cannot adequately explain the social dynamics of terrorist behavior as they turn analyses of terrorism into analyses of terrorists. A relational approach that concentrates on the social relations between terrorist organizations and their members would be able to do this, however. Therefore, the article presents a formal analysis that makes the "secret society" of terrorists the lynchpin of an explanation of how terrorist organizations shape the behavioral conditions of volunteers and suicide terrorists in a manner that triggers a type of behavior we might call terrorism.}, language = {de} } @article{WolfMackert2020, author = {Wolf, Hannah and Mackert, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Introduction}, series = {Urban Change and Citizenship in Times of Crisis Vol. 2. Urban Neo-liberalisation}, journal = {Urban Change and Citizenship in Times of Crisis Vol. 2. Urban Neo-liberalisation}, editor = {Mackert, J{\"u}rgen and Turner, Bryan S. and Wolf, Hannah}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {978-0-42926-228-9}, pages = {1 -- 14}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The processes of neo-liberalisation, coined as 'actually existing neo-liberalism' are by their very nature variegated and context-specific and can appear in multi-faceted and contradictory forms. Consequentially, sociological reflection has tried to conceptualise ongoing processes of transforming the city under the concept of urban neo-liberalism which is generally understood as the contextually specific and path-dependent realisation of neo-liberal restructuration projects, embedded in varying social, political, economic, and cultural 'regulatory landscapes'. As much as neo-liberalism as ideology and political programme aims at erasing any democratic participation in society, its proponents have taken sides pushing ahead the re-conceptualisation of the city as a market with the right of the stronger 'to do down the weaker'. The city has become a focal point for neo-liberalism's war against democracy and citizens. Turning social relations into market transactions in order to restructure cities is not a new idea from the neo-liberals but one of the non-negotiable dogmas of their religion called science.}, language = {en} } @article{Mackert2004, author = {Mackert, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Reorganiszation and Stabilization}, series = {Journal of classical sociology}, volume = {4}, journal = {Journal of classical sociology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {1468-795X}, pages = {311 -- 336}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The consequences of economic globalization have created a new interest in'EmileDurkheim's conception of an institutional and moral reorganization of modernsociety that he developed in Professional Ethics and Civic Morals. Contrary toexisting attempts to explain these political processes towards democratization, thisarticle argues for a causal analysis of social change and concentrates on the socialmechanisms that trigger the reorganization process of modern society. Two thesesare entertained. The first thesis argues that the programme of an institutional andmoral reorganization of modern society can be reanalysed as a causal process ofdemocratization. This process takes two steps. While social mechanisms of reorgan-izationbring about the institutional and moral reorganization of modern society,social mechanisms of stabilizationguarantee the functioning of the emergingdemocratic system. Further, the second thesis argues that this kind of explanationcan be applied to Durkheim's vision of a European confederation. The analysisreveals that his idea of a 'post-national' constellation refers to crucial problems ofthe recent debate regarding a democratic deficit in the European Union, and itshows that Durkheim's contribution to both political sociology and historical-comparative research has been misconceived and prematurely repudiated.}, language = {en} } @article{Mackert2021, author = {Mackert, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Social life as collective struggle}, series = {sozialpolitik.ch}, journal = {sozialpolitik.ch}, number = {1}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t}, address = {Freiburg}, issn = {2297-8224}, doi = {10.18753/2297-8224-174}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In recent years, all over the globe we have seen intensifying economic exploitation, political disenfranchisement, social marginalization and cultural repression in all kinds of political regimes, from liberal democratic to authoritarian and dictatorial. Although the strategies vary with regard to regime and context, in all of them we observe that while a growing number of social groups are speaking out and rising against them, a presumably much higher number of groups do not. In this article, I argue that all these processes can be conceived as aspects of ongoing closure struggles in social life. However, in order to understand why some social groups are able to fight against closure strategies while others are not, closure theory in its current state of elaboration is not of any help. While it operates with the term solidarization, it does not offer any explanation of how such acting in solidarity may become possible in closure struggles. The article is a mainly theoretical contribution of how to solve this problem.}, language = {en} } @article{OPUS4-59446, title = {Editorial}, series = {Berliner Journal f{\"u}r Soziologie}, volume = {23}, journal = {Berliner Journal f{\"u}r Soziologie}, editor = {Hartmann, Eddie and Mackert, J{\"u}rgen}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {1862-2593}, doi = {10.1007/s11609-013-0215-6}, pages = {1 -- 5}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Das „Berliner Journal f{\"u}r Soziologie" beginnt seinen 23. Jahrgang mit einem Heft zum Schwerpunktthema „Ordnung und Gewalt". Damit geben zwei Begriffe und Konzepte die Perspektive vor, die auf die Konstitutionsproblematik von Gesellschaften verweisen. Das wechselseitige Verh{\"a}ltnis von sozialer Ordnung und Gewalt steht im Mittelpunkt der Beitr{\"a}ge. Einerseits untersuchen sie dieses Wechselverh{\"a}ltnis anhand unterschiedlicher Gewalt- und Ordnungsformen und ihres Zusammenspiels, andererseits thematisieren sie Gewalt sowohl als individuelles, aber gesellschaftlich gerahmtes als auch als kollektives und damit organisiertes soziales Ph{\"a}nomen.}, language = {de} } @article{SchmidtWellenburgMackert2018, author = {Schmidt-Wellenburg, Christian and Mackert, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {EU-Citizenship}, series = {Europasoziologie : Handbuch f{\"u}r Wissenschaft und Studium}, journal = {Europasoziologie : Handbuch f{\"u}r Wissenschaft und Studium}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-8487-2456-7}, pages = {120 -- 129}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @article{MackertHartmann2015, author = {Mackert, J{\"u}rgen and Hartmann, Eddie}, title = {Violence}, series = {Oxford Bibliographies sociology}, journal = {Oxford Bibliographies sociology}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, doi = {10.1093/obo/9780199756384-0137}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @article{Mackert2023, author = {Mackert, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Soziale Schließung}, series = {Politische Soziologie : Handbuch f{\"u}r Wissenschaft und Studium}, journal = {Politische Soziologie : Handbuch f{\"u}r Wissenschaft und Studium}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-8487-4836-5}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @article{OPUS4-59448, title = {Editorial}, series = {Berliner Journal f{\"u}r Soziologie}, journal = {Berliner Journal f{\"u}r Soziologie}, number = {20}, editor = {Mackert, J{\"u}rgen and Schmidt, Michael}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {0863-1808}, doi = {10.1007/s11609-010-0131-y}, pages = {281 -- 284}, year = {2010}, abstract = {In der Wissenschaft sollten Geburtstage oder Jubil{\"a}en bestenfalls Anlass, nicht aber der eigentliche Grund sein, sich in Form eines Schwerpunktheftes erneut mit dem Werk eines wichtigen Vertreters der Zunft zu befassen. Nur allzu leicht geraten R{\"u}ckblicke zu einer bloßen Einordnung eines Werkes in den Kontext seiner Zeit und beschr{\"a}nken sich damit auf seine schlichte Historisierung. Das lange Schaffen Robert King Mertons ließe sich ohne Probleme als bedeutender Teil der Geschichte der Soziologie in der zweiten H{\"a}lfte des 20. Jahrhunderts beschreiben. Doch Merton selbst hat schon fr{\"u}h betont, dass in der Wissenschaft ein grundlegender Unterschied zwischen erz{\"a}hlter (Wissenschafts-)Geschichte und systematischer Analyse eines klassischen theoretischen Werkes besteht. In diesem Sinne geht es darum, jenem Diktum Alfred N. Whiteheads gerecht zu werden, das Merton selbst seinem Hauptwerk Social Theory and Social Structure vorangestellt hat: „A science that hesitates to forget its founders is lost." Damit sollte keineswegs die fortbestehende Bedeutung einer Auseinandersetzung mit den klassischen Texten der Soziologie in Zweifel gezogen werden, aber eben nicht in der Form immer wiederkehrender Exegese, die zum gebetsm{\"u}hlenhaften Wiederholen bereits bekannten Wissens oder zu dessen Banalisierung f{\"u}hren muss. Vielmehr ging es Merton darum, dass der theoretische Wissensfundus sowie die forschungspraktischen und methodischen Erfahrungen und Kenntnisse der Soziologie im Zentrum der Besch{\"a}ftigung mit den Klassikern und Gr{\"u}nderv{\"a}tern der Disziplin stehen sollten.}, language = {de} } @article{OPUS4-59133, title = {Concepts and theory}, series = {Populism and the crisis of democracy}, volume = {1}, journal = {Populism and the crisis of democracy}, editor = {Fitzi, Gregor and Mackert, J{\"u}rgen and Turner, Bryan S.}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {978-1-138-09136-8}, doi = {10.4324/9781315108070}, pages = {xiv, 177}, year = {2019}, abstract = {There is no threat to Western democracies today comparable to the rise of right-wing populism. While it has played an increasing role at least since the 1990s, only the social consequences of the global financial crises in 2008 have given it its break that led to UK's 'Brexit' and the election of Donald Trump as US President in 2016, as well as promoting what has been called left populism in countries that were hit the hardest by both the banking crisis and consequential neo-liberal austerity politics in the EU, such as Greece and Portugal. In 2017, the French Front National (FN) attracted many voters in the French Presidential elections; we have seen the radicalization of the Alternative f{\"u}r Deutschland (AfD) in Germany and the formation of centre-right government in Austria. Further, we have witnessed the consolidation of autocratic regimes, as in the EU member states Poland and Greece. All these manifestations of right-wing populism share a common feature: they attack or even compromise the core elements of democratic societies such as the separation of powers, protection of minorities, or the rule of law. Despite a broad debate on the re-emergence of 'populism' in the transition from the twentieth to the twenty-first century that has brought forth many interesting findings, a lack of sociological reasoning cannot be denied, as sociology itself withdrew from theorising populism decades ago and largely left the field to political sciences and history. In a sense, Populism and the Crisis of Democracy considers itself a contribution to begin filling this lacuna. Written in a direct and clear style, this set of volumes will be an invaluable reference for students and scholars in the field of political theory, political sociology and European Studies. This volume Concepts and Theory offers new and fresh perspectives on the debate on populism. Starting from complaints about the problems of conceptualising populism that in recent years have begun to revolve around themselves, the chapters offer a fundamental critique of the term and concept of populism, theoretically inspired typologies and descriptions of currently dominant concepts, and ways to elaborate on them. With regard to theory, the volume offers approaches that exceed the disciplinary horizon of political science that so far has dominated the debate. As sociological theory so far has been more or less absent in the debate on populism, only few efforts have been made to discuss populism more intensely within different theoretical contexts in order to explain its dynamics and processes. Thus, this volume offers critical views on the debate on populism from the perspectives of political economy and the analysis of critical historical events, the links of analyses of populism with social movement mobilisation, the significance of 'superfluous populations' in the rise of populism and an analysis of the exclusionary character of populism from the perspective of the theory of social closure.}, language = {en} } @article{OPUS4-59450, title = {Migration, gender and religion}, series = {Populism and the crisis of democracy}, volume = {3}, journal = {Populism and the crisis of democracy}, editor = {Fitzi, Gregor and Mackert, J{\"u}rgen and Turner, Bryan S.}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {978-11-3809-135-1}, pages = {xiv, 190}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Burkert2022, author = {Burkert, Rebecca}, title = {Struggle for existence}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54293}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-542937}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XII, 239}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In this project, I sought to understand how Palestinian claim-making in the West Bank is possible within the context of continuing Israeli occupation and repression by the Palestinian political leadership. I explored the questions of what channels non-state actors use to advance their claims, what opportunities they have for making these claims, and what challenges they face. This exploration covers the time period from the Oslo Accords in the mid-1990s to the so-called Great March of Return in 2018. I demonstrated that Palestinians used different modes and strategies of resistance in the past century, as the area of what today is Israel/Palestine has historically been a target for foreign penetration. Yet, the Oslo agreements between the Israeli government and the Palestinian leadership have ended Palestinians' decentralized and pluralist social governance, reinforced Israeli rule in the Palestinian territories, promoted continuing dispossession and segregation of Palestinians, and further restricted their rights and their claim-making opportunities until this day. Therefore, today, Palestinian society in the West Bank is characterized by fragmentation, geographical and societal segregation, and double repression by Israeli occupation and Palestinian Authority (PA) policies. What is more, Palestinian claim-making is legally curtailed due to the establishment of different geographical entities in which Palestinians are subjugated to different forms of Israeli rule and regulations. I argue that the concepts of civil society and acts of citizenship, which are often used to describe non-state actors' rights-seeking activities, fall short on understanding and describing Palestinian claim-making in the West Bank comprehensively. By determining their boundaries, the concept of acts of subjecthood evolved as a novel theoretical approach within the research process and as a means of claim-making within repressive contexts where claim makers' rights are curtailed and opportunities for rights-seeking activities are few. Thereby, this study applies a new theoretical framework to the conflict in Israel/Palestine and contributes to a better understanding of rights-seeking activities within the West Bank. Further, I argue that Palestinian acts of subjecthood against hostile Israeli rule in the West Bank are embedded within the comprehensive structure of settler colonialism. As a form of colonialism that aims at replacing an indigenous population, Israeli settler colonialism in the West Bank manifests itself in restrictions of Palestinian movement, settlement constructions, home demolitions, violence, and detentions. By using grounded theory and inductive reasoning as methodological approaches, I was able to make generalizations about the state of Palestinian claim-making. These generalizations are based on the analysis of secondary materials and data collected via face-to-face and video interviews with non-state actors in Israel/Palestine. The conducted research shows that there is not a single measure or a standalone condition that hinders Palestinian claim-making, but a complex and comprehensive structure that, on the one hand, shrinks Palestinian living space by occupation and destruction and, on the other hand, diminishes Palestinian civic space by limiting the fundamental rights to organize and build social movements to change the status Palestinians live in. Although the concrete, tangible outcomes of Palestinian acts of subjecthood are marginal, they contribute to strengthening and perpetuating Palestinian's long history of resistance against Israeli oppression. With a lack of adherence to international law, the neglect of UN resolutions by the Israeli government, the continuous defeats of rights organizations in Israeli courts, and the repression of institutions based in the West Bank by PA and occupation policies, Palestinian acts of subjecthood cannot overturn current power structures. Nevertheless, the ongoing persistence of non-state actors claiming rights, as well as the pop-up of new initiatives and youth movements are all essential for strengthening Palestinians' resilience and documenting current injustices. Therefore, they can build the pillars for social change in the future. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation war es zu untersuchen, wie pal{\"a}stinensisches claim-making, also die Artikulation von Forderungen bzw. die Geltendmachung von bestimmten Rechten, vor dem Hintergrund der anhaltenden israelischen Besatzung und Repressalien durch die pal{\"a}stinensische politische F{\"u}hrung im Westjordanland durchgesetzt werden kann. Dabei soll der Frage nachgegangen werden, welche Kan{\"a}le nichtstaatliche Akteure nutzen, um ihre Anspr{\"u}che geltend zu machen, welche M{\"o}glichkeiten sich ihnen daf{\"u}r bieten und vor welchen Herausforderungen sie stehen. Der Untersuchungszeitraum erstreckt sich dabei vom Osloer Friedensprozess Mitte der 1990er Jahre bis hin zum sogenannten Great March of Return im Jahr 2018. Die im Gebiet des heutigen Israel/Pal{\"a}stina lebenden Pal{\"a}stinenserInnen bedienten sich in Zeiten ausl{\"a}ndischer Einflussnahme, z.B. w{\"a}hrend der britischen Besatzung im vergangenen Jahrhundert, verschiedenster Widerstandsformen und -strategien. Jedoch haben die Osloer Abkommen zwischen der israelischen Regierung und der pal{\"a}stinensischen F{\"u}hrung die dezentrale und partizipative Mobilisierung der pal{\"a}stinensischen Gesellschaft erschwert, die andauernde Enteignung von Pal{\"a}stinenserInnen beg{\"u}nstigt und ihre Rechte bis zum heutigen Tag weiter eingeschr{\"a}nkt. Die heutige pal{\"a}stinensische Gesellschaft im Westjordanland ist daher durch Zersplitterung, geografische und gesellschaftliche Segregation und doppelte Un-terdr{\"u}ckung durch die israelische Besatzung sowie die Pal{\"a}stinensische Autonomiebeh{\"o}rde gekennzeichnet. Zudem f{\"u}hrt die Etablierung verschiedener geografischer Entit{\"a}ten, in denen Pal{\"a}stinenserInnen unterschiedlichen Formen israelischer Herrschaft, Regularien und Ein-griffsrechten unterworfen sind, dazu, dass pal{\"a}stinensisches claim-making auch formalrecht-lich eingeschr{\"a}nkt ist. Um die Aktivit{\"a}ten nichtstaatlicher Akteure in diesem Kontext beschreiben zu k{\"o}nnen, wer-den h{\"a}ufig das Konzept der Zivilgesellschaft oder das der acts of citizenship herangezogen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird jedoch argumentiert, dass diese Konzepte nur bedingt auf den Status Quo im Westjordanland anwendbar sind und pal{\"a}stinensisches claim-making nicht hinreichend verstehen und beschreiben k{\"o}nnen. Im Laufe des Forschungsprozesses hat sich daher das Konzept der acts of subjecthood als neuer theoretischer Ansatz herausgebildet, der claim-making in repressiven Kontexten beschreibt, in denen nichtstaatliche Akteure nur geringen Handlungsspielraum haben, ihre Forderungen durchsetzen zu k{\"o}nnen. Durch diese „Theorie-Brille" erm{\"o}glicht meine Forschung einen neuartigen Blick auf den israelisch-pal{\"a}stinensischen Konflikt und tr{\"a}gt auf diese Weise zu einem besseren Verst{\"a}ndnis von claim-making-Aktivit{\"a}ten im Westjordanland bei. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus bettet die vorliegende Ar-beit acts of subjecthood in den gr{\"o}ßeren Kontext des Siedlungskolonialismus ein. Dieser beschreibt eine Form des Kolonialismus, die darauf abzielt, eine einheimische Bev{\"o}lkerung durch die der Kolonialmacht zu ersetzen. Im Westjordanland manifestiert sich der israelische Siedlungskolonialismus in der Einschr{\"a}nkung der Bewegungsfreiheit von Pal{\"a}stinenserIn-nen, dem Bau von Siedlungen, der Zerst{\"o}rung von H{\"a}usern, Gewalt und Inhaftierungen. Die Verwendung der Grounded Theory und des induktiven Denkens als methodische Ans{\"a}tze erm{\"o}glichte es, verallgemeinerbare Aussagen zum Zustand pal{\"a}stinensischen claim-makings treffen zu k{\"o}nnen. Diese Verallgemeinerungen beruhen auf der Analyse von Sekund{\"a}rquellen und Daten, die im Rahmen von Interviews mit VertreterInnen nichtstaatlicher Organisationen in Israel/Pal{\"a}stina erhoben wurden. Die durchgef{\"u}hrte Analyse macht deutlich, dass nicht eine einzelne Maßnahme oder Bedingung pal{\"a}stinensisches claim-making behindert, sondern eine komplexe, vielschichtige und zielgerichtet implementierte Struktur. Diese verringert einerseits den Lebensraum von Pal{\"a}stinenserInnen durch Besatzung und Zerst{\"o}rung und schr{\"a}nkt andererseits den zivilen Raum ein, indem sie ihnen grundlegende Rechte und fundamentale Freiheiten verwehrt. Obwohl die konkreten Auswirkungen pal{\"a}stinensischer acts of subjecthood marginal sind, tragen sie dazu bei, den Widerstand gegen politische Unterdr{\"u}ckung zu st{\"a}rken und fortzusetzen. Angesichts der Verletzung von V{\"o}lkerrecht und der Missachtung zahlreicher UN-Resolutionen durch die israelische Regierung, der Niederlagen von Menschenrechtsorganisationen vor israelischen Gerichten, der Unterdr{\"u}ckung von Institutionen im Westjordanland durch die Pal{\"a}stinensische Autonomiebeh{\"o}rde und die Besatzungspolitik k{\"o}nnen acts of subjecthood die derzeitigen Machtstrukturen nicht aufbrechen. Dennoch sind die anhaltende Beharrlichkeit nichtstaatlicher Akteure, Forderungen zu artikulieren und Rechte einzufordern und die Gr{\"u}ndung neuer Initiativen und Organisationen essenziell f{\"u}r die St{\"a}rkung gesellschaftlicher Resilienz sowie die Dokumentation von Ungerechtigkeiten und Rechtsverletzungen. Diese Akteure legen so den Grundstein f{\"u}r einen m{\"o}glichen gesellschaftspolitischen Wandel in der Zukunft.}, language = {en} } @misc{Zimmermann2023, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Zimmermann, Lucas}, title = {Der Zoo: {\"U}ber einen Ausdrucksort ambivalenter Mensch-Tier-Beziehungen und dessen politisches Bildungspotenzial}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-59279}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-592790}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {63}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Diese Masterarbeit zielt darauf ab, exemplarisch an zoologischen G{\"a}rten f{\"u}r das politische Spannungsverh{\"a}ltnis zwischen Mensch und Tier zu sensibilisieren sowie die damit einhergehenden Aushandlungsprozesse auf individueller bzw. gesamtgesellschaftlicher Ebene didaktisch anschlussf{\"a}hig zu machen. Nach einer kurzen begrifflichen Einf{\"u}hrung der titelgebenden Termini werden in diesem Sinne vier verschiedene Ausdrucksformen ambivalenter Mensch-Tier-Beziehungen er{\"o}rtert: die Entwicklungsgeschichte und Architektur sowie die Artenschutz- bzw. Bildungsleistungen der Zoos. Dabei wird der historisch vorbelastete Balanceakt zoologischer G{\"a}rten deutlich, in Gegenwart und Zukunft menschliche und tierliche Interessen glaubhaft in Einklang bringen zu m{\"u}ssen. Als Grund{\"u}bel dieses Dilemmas wird wiederum der menschliche Anspruch identifiziert, Naturzust{\"a}nde vor dem Hintergrund eines fragw{\"u}rdigen Legitimationsnarratives kulturell nachstellen zu wollen. Außerdem entfaltet der Autor die These, dass der Zoo gerade durch die ihn pr{\"a}genden Ambivalenzen gegen{\"u}ber anderen Problembereichen der Mensch-Tier-Beziehungen an Kontroversit{\"a}t gewinnt und somit pr{\"a}destiniert ist, um als politikdidaktische Reibungsfl{\"a}che zeitgem{\"a}ßer Mensch-Tier-Beziehungen zu fungieren. Dementsprechend werden abschließend Zug{\"a}nge vorgeschlagen, um den Zoo als außerschulischen politischen Lernort vor dem Hintergrund vielf{\"a}ltiger Streitfragen erkunden und produktiv er{\"o}rtern zu k{\"o}nnen. Indem Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler demnach die Wert- und Zweckrationalit{\"a}t der Zoos auf den Pr{\"u}fstand stellen, werden sie dazu angeregt, sich selbst- und gesellschaftskritisch mit dem politischen Verh{\"a}ltnis zwischen Tieren und Menschen auseinanderzusetzen. Die dabei exemplarisch am Zoo gewonnenen Erkenntnisse und {\"U}berzeugungen lassen sich in Bezug auf die ebenso dr{\"a}ngende wie polarisierende Tierfrage abstrahieren. Durch den somit geschaffenen Orientierungsrahmen werden die Lernenden nicht zuletzt in die Lage versetzt, ihre gereiften Vorstellungen von einem angemessenen Umgang mit (nichtmenschlichen) Tieren {\"o}ffentlich zu vertreten.}, language = {de} } @article{Hartmann2017, author = {Hartmann, Eddie}, title = {Violence}, series = {International Journal of Conflict and Violence}, volume = {11}, journal = {International Journal of Conflict and Violence}, publisher = {Institute for Interdisciplinary Conflict and Violence Research}, address = {Bielefeld}, issn = {1864-1385}, doi = {10.4119/UNIBI/ijcv.623}, pages = {1 -- 9}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @misc{BradyKohlerZheng2023, author = {Brady, David and Kohler, Ulrich and Zheng, Hui}, title = {Novel estimates of mortality associated with poverty in the U.S.}, series = {The journal of the American Medical Association : JAMA}, journal = {The journal of the American Medical Association : JAMA}, publisher = {American Medical Association}, address = {Chicago, Ill.}, issn = {0254-9077}, doi = {10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.0276}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The US perennially has a far higher poverty rate than peer-rich democracies.1 This high poverty rate in the US presents an enormous challenge to population health given that considerable research demonstrates that being in poverty is bad for one's health.2 Despite valuable contributions of prior research on income and mortality, the quantity of mortality associated with poverty in the US remains uknown. In this cohort study, we estimated the association between poverty and mortality and quantified the proportion and number of deaths associated with poverty.}, language = {en} } @article{BradyGuerraKohleretal.2022, author = {Brady, David and Guerra, Christian and Kohler, Ulrich and Link, Bruce}, title = {The long arm of prospective childhood income for mature adult health in the U.S.}, series = {Journal of health and social behavior}, volume = {63}, journal = {Journal of health and social behavior}, number = {4}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {Los Angeles}, issn = {0022-1465}, doi = {10.1177/00221465221081094}, pages = {543 -- 559}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Pioneering scholarship links retrospective childhood conditions to mature adult health. We distinctively provide critical evidence with prospective state-of-the-art measures of parent income observed multiple times during childhood in the 1970s to 1990s. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we analyze six health outcomes (self-rated health, heart attack, stroke, life-threatening chronic conditions, non-life-threatening chronic conditions, and psychological distress) among 40- to 65-year-olds. Parent relative income rank has statistically and substantively significant relationships with five of six outcomes. The relationships with heart attack, stroke, and life-threatening chronic conditions are particularly strong. Parent income rank performs slightly better than alternative prospective and retrospective measures. At the same time, we provide novel validation on which retrospective measures (i.e., father's education) perform almost as well as prospective measures. Furthermore, we inform several perennial debates about how relative versus absolute income and other measures of socioeconomic status and social class influence health.}, language = {en} } @article{BradyFinniganKohleretal.2020, author = {Brady, David and Finnigan, Ryan and Kohler, Ulrich and Legewie, Joscha}, title = {The inheritance of race revisited}, series = {Sociological Science}, volume = {7}, journal = {Sociological Science}, number = {25}, publisher = {Society for Sociological Science}, issn = {2330-6696}, doi = {10.15195/v7.a25}, pages = {599 -- 627}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Vast racial inequalities continue to prevail across the United States and are closely linked to economic resources. One particularly prominent argument contends that childhood wealth accounts for black-white (BW) disadvantages in life chances. This article analyzes how much childhood wealth and childhood income mediate BW disadvantages in adult life chances with Panel Study of Income Dynamics and Cross-National Equivalent File data on children from the 1980s and 1990s who were 30+ years old in 2015. Compared with previous research, we exploit longer panel data, more comprehensively assess adult life chances with 18 outcomes, and measure income and wealth more rigorously. We find large BW disadvantages in most outcomes. Childhood wealth and income mediate a substantial share of most BW disadvantages, although there are several significant BW disadvantages even after adjusting for childhood wealth and income. The evidence mostly contradicts the prominent claim that childhood wealth is more important than childhood income. Indeed, the analyses mostly show that childhood income explains more of BW disadvantages and has larger standardized coefficients than childhood wealth. We also show how limitations in prior wealth research explain why our conclusions differ. Replication with the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and a variety of robustness checks support these conclusions.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kunkel2023, author = {Kunkel, Stefanie}, title = {Green industry through industry 4.0? Expected and observed effects of digitalisation in industry for environmental sustainability}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-61395}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-613954}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {vii, 168}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Digitalisation in industry - also called "Industry 4.0" - is seen by numerous actors as an opportunity to reduce the environmental impact of the industrial sector. The scientific assessments of the effects of digitalisation in industry on environmental sustainability, however, are ambivalent. This cumulative dissertation uses three empirical studies to examine the expected and observed effects of digitalisation in industry on environmental sustainability. The aim of this dissertation is to identify opportunities and risks of digitalisation at different system levels and to derive options for action in politics and industry for a more sustainable design of digitalisation in industry. I use an interdisciplinary, socio-technical approach and look at selected countries of the Global South (Study 1) and the example of China (all studies). In the first study (section 2, joint work with Marcel Matthess), I use qualitative content analysis to examine digital and industrial policies from seven different countries in Africa and Asia for expectations regarding the impact of digitalisation on sustainability and compare these with the potentials of digitalisation for sustainability in the respective country contexts. The analysis reveals that the documents express a wide range of vague expectations that relate more to positive indirect impacts of information and communication technology (ICT) use, such as improved energy efficiency and resource management, and less to negative direct impacts of ICT, such as electricity consumption through ICT. In the second study (section 3, joint work with Marcel Matthess, Grischa Beier and Bing Xue), I conduct and analyse interviews with 18 industry representatives of the electronics industry from Europe, Japan and China on digitalisation measures in supply chains using qualitative content analysis. I find that while there are positive expectations regarding the effects of digital technologies on supply chain sustainability, their actual use and observable effects are still limited. Interview partners can only provide few examples from their own companies which show that sustainability goals have already been pursued through digitalisation of the supply chain or where sustainability effects, such as resource savings, have been demonstrably achieved. In the third study (section 4, joint work with Peter Neuh{\"a}usler, Melissa Dachrodt and Marcel Matthess), I conduct an econometric panel data analysis. I examine the relationship between the degree of Industry 4.0, energy consumption and energy intensity in ten manufacturing sectors in China between 2006 and 2019. The results suggest that overall, there is no significant relationship between the degree of Industry 4.0 and energy consumption or energy intensity in manufacturing sectors in China. However, differences can be found in subgroups of sectors. I find a negative correlation of Industry 4.0 and energy intensity in highly digitalised sectors, indicating an efficiency-enhancing effect of Industry 4.0 in these sectors. On the other hand, there is a positive correlation of Industry 4.0 and energy consumption for sectors with low energy consumption, which could be explained by the fact that digitalisation, such as the automation of previously mainly labour-intensive sectors, requires energy and also induces growth effects. In the discussion section (section 6) of this dissertation, I use the classification scheme of the three levels macro, meso and micro, as well as of direct and indirect environmental effects to classify the empirical observations into opportunities and risks, for example, with regard to the probability of rebound effects of digitalisation at the three levels. I link the investigated actor perspectives (policy makers, industry representatives), statistical data and additional literature across the system levels and consider political economy aspects to suggest fields of action for more sustainable (digitalised) industries. The dissertation thus makes two overarching contributions to the academic and societal discourse. First, my three empirical studies expand the limited state of research at the interface between digitalisation in industry and sustainability, especially by considering selected countries in the Global South and the example of China. Secondly, exploring the topic through data and methods from different disciplinary contexts and taking a socio-technical point of view, enables an analysis of (path) dependencies, uncertainties, and interactions in the socio-technical system across different system levels, which have often not been sufficiently considered in previous studies. The dissertation thus aims to create a scientifically and practically relevant knowledge basis for a value-guided, sustainability-oriented design of digitalisation in industry.}, language = {en} } @article{Tjaden2023, author = {Tjaden, Jasper}, title = {Web scraping for migration, mobility, and migrant integration studies}, series = {International migration review}, journal = {International migration review}, publisher = {Sage Publications}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {0197-9183}, doi = {10.1177/01979183231208428}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Web scraping, a technique for extracting data from web pages, has been in use for decades, yet its utilization in the field of migration, mobility, and migrant integration studies has been limited. The field faces notorious limitations regarding data access and availability, particularly in low-income settings. Web scraping has the potential to provide new datasets for further qualitative and quantitative analysis. Web scraping requires no financial resources, is agnostic to epistemic divides in the field, reduces researcher bias, and increases transparency and replicability of data collection. As large providers of digital data such as Facebook or Twitter increasingly restrict access to their data for researchers, web scraping will become more important in the future and deserves its place in the toolbox of migration and mobility scholars. This short and nontechnical methods note introduces the fundamental concepts of web scraping, provides guidance on how to learn the technique, showcases practical applications of web scraping in the study of migrant populations, and discusses potential future use cases.}, language = {en} } @article{Dosdall2018, author = {Dosdall, Henrik}, title = {Organisationsversagen und NSU-Ermittlungen}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie}, volume = {47}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie}, number = {6}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0340-1804}, doi = {10.1515/zfsoz-2018-0125}, pages = {402 -- 417}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Der vorliegende Artikel analysiert aus organisationssoziologischer Perspektive, warum die polizeilichen NSU-Ermittlungen auch nach jahrelang erfolglosen Untersuchungen im Bereich der Organisierten Kriminalit{\"a}t eine rechtsextremistische Urheberschaft der NSU-Morde ausschlossen. Um diese Frage zu beantworten, bedient sich der Artikel einer entscheidungstheoretischen Routine- und Lernperspektive. Das mit diesem theoretischen Instrumentarium verfolgte Ziel liegt in der Analyse der Lernobstruktionen der polizeilichen Ermittlungen im NSU-Komplex. Darauf aufbauend werden empirische und analytische Anschlussperspektiven aufgezeigt.}, language = {de} } @article{TjadenGninafon2022, author = {Tjaden, Jasper and Gninafon, Horace}, title = {Raising awareness about the risk of irregular migration}, series = {Population and development review}, volume = {48}, journal = {Population and development review}, number = {3}, publisher = {Population Council}, address = {New York}, issn = {0098-7921}, doi = {10.1111/padr.12468}, pages = {745 -- 766}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In response to mounting evidence of harm inflicted on irregular migrants along their journeys from West Africa to Europe, international organizations, civil society organizations, and governments have scaled up campaigns as a tool for raising awareness about the risks of irregular migration. Campaigns aim to counter misinformation by smugglers and facilitate safe migration decisions. Despite the growing number of interventions, there is limited empirical evidence on the impact and effectiveness of such campaigns. Based on a difference-in-difference design, this study investigates the effect of a mobile cinema and community discussion intervention on the perceptions, knowledge, and intentions of potential irregular migrants in Northern Guinea in 2019. The results show that potential migrants who participated in events were significantly more likely to show awareness gains and less likely to report high intentions to migrate irregularly. While the relative importance of risk perceptions and their impact on migration flows remain unclear, the findings provide evidence supporting the assumption that risk awareness can be a relevant factor in the decision-making process of potential irregular migrants. While campaigns may be an effective tool in certain contexts, effect sizes highlight the need for policymakers to keep realistic expectations.}, language = {en} } @article{BiegertBradyHipp2022, author = {Biegert, Thomas and Brady, David and Hipp, Lena}, title = {Cross-national variation in the relationship between welfare generosity and single mother employment}, series = {The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science}, volume = {702}, journal = {The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science}, number = {1}, publisher = {SAGE Publishing}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {0002-7162}, doi = {10.1177/00027162221120760}, pages = {37 -- 54}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Reform of the U.S. welfare system in 1996 spurred claims that cuts to welfare programs effectively incentivized single mothers to find employment. It is difficult to assess the veracity of those claims, however, absent evidence of how the relationship between welfare benefits and single mother employment generalizes across countries. This study combines data from the European Union Labour Force Survey and the U.S. Current Population Survey (1992-2015) into one of the largest samples of single mothers ever, testing the relationships between welfare generosity and single mothers' employment and work hours. We find no consistent evidence of a negative relationship between welfare generosity and single mother employment outcomes. Rather, we find tremendous cross-national heterogeneity, which does not clearly correspond to well-known institutional variations. Our findings demonstrate the limitations of single country studies and the pervasive, salient interactions between institutional contexts and social policies.}, language = {en} } @article{BuschingKrahe2020, author = {Busching, Robert and Krah{\´e}, Barbara}, title = {With a little help from their peers}, series = {Journal of youth and adolescence : a multidisciplinary research publication}, volume = {49}, journal = {Journal of youth and adolescence : a multidisciplinary research publication}, number = {9}, publisher = {Springer Science}, address = {New York}, issn = {0047-2891}, doi = {10.1007/s10964-020-01260-8}, pages = {1849 -- 1863}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Peer groups are critical socialization agents for the development of social behavior in adolescence, but studies examining peer-group effects on individuals' prosocial behavior are scarce. Using a two-wave, multilevel data set (N = 16,893, 8481 male; 8412 female; mean age at Time 1: 14.0 years) from 1308 classes in 252 secondary schools in Germany, main effects of the classroom level of prosocial behavior, cross-level interactions between the classroom and the individual levels of prosocial behavior at Time 1, and the moderating role of gender were examined. The results showed that adolescents in classrooms with high collective levels of prosocial behavior at Time 1 reported more prosocial behavior at Time 2, about two years later, reflecting a class-level main effect. A significant cross-level interaction indicated that a high classroom level of prosocial behavior particularly affected individuals with lower levels of prosocial behavior at Time 1. The influence of same-gender peers was larger compared with opposite-gender peers. The findings are discussed with respect to social learning mechanisms in the development of prosocial behavior and their implications for interventions to promote prosocial behavior.}, language = {en} } @article{VerwiebeHagemann2023, author = {Verwiebe, Roland and Hagemann, Steffen}, title = {Digitales Kapital: Entstehung, Reproduktion, Ungleichverteilung}, series = {Leviathan}, volume = {51}, journal = {Leviathan}, number = {2}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, issn = {0340-0425}, doi = {10.5771/0340-0425-2023-2-325}, pages = {325 -- 355}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Ausgehend von Bourdieus Kapitaltheorie diskutieren wir in diesem Beitrag, inwiefern {\"o}konomisch verwertbare personenbezogene Daten als Fundament einer eigenst{\"a}ndigen Form eines neuen digitalen Kapitals gesehen werden k{\"o}nnen. Als wertvolles und umk{\"a}mpftes Gut entfaltet es in spezifischen Feldern eine soziale Wirkm{\"a}chtigkeit und spiegelt sich in den Reproduktionsstrategien von Akteur*innen und korrespondierenden Ungleichheitsstrukturen.}, language = {de} } @article{WiesboeckVerwiebe2023, author = {Wiesb{\"o}ck, Laura and Verwiebe, Roland}, title = {Sind Einkommensunterschiede zu groß?}, series = {{\"O}sterreichische Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie}, volume = {48}, journal = {{\"O}sterreichische Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {1862-2585}, doi = {10.1007/s11614-023-00514-6}, pages = {53 -- 66}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Im Zentrum dieser Forschungsnotiz steht die Frage nach der Bewertung von Einkommensungleichheit in der {\"o}sterreichischen Gegenwartsgesellschaft. Anhand von ISSP- und SS{\"O}-Daten k{\"o}nnen unsere Analysen diesbez{\"u}glich zeigen, dass Einkommensungleichheit von einer großen Mehrheit aktuell als zu hoch wahrgenommen wird. Zudem sehen die Menschen in {\"O}sterreich sehr h{\"a}ufig den Staat in der Verantwortung Einkommensungleichheit abzubauen; viel h{\"a}ufiger als das in anderen europ{\"a}ischen L{\"a}ndern der Fall ist. W{\"a}hrend der Bereich Gesundheit und Pension seit Mitte der 1980er von der {\"u}berwiegenden Mehrheit als staatliche Aufgabe gesehen wurde, liegt die Verantwortung f{\"u}r den Abbau von Einkommensungleichheit auf einem niedrigeren Zustimmungsniveau. Die Bef{\"u}rwortung der Absicherung von Arbeitslosen als Verantwortung des Staats nimmt aktuell eher ab, trotz der gestiegenen Arbeitslosigkeit zu Beginn der Pandemie. Schließlich zeigen unsere Regressionsanalysen, dass Unterschiede in der Beurteilung von Einkommensungleichheiten u. a. durch sozio-demographische Faktoren, die berufliche Stellung, das Haushaltseinkommen aber auch durch pers{\"o}nliche Einstellungen und Gerechtigkeits{\"u}berzeugungen erkl{\"a}rt werden k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @article{Botsch2021, author = {Botsch, Gideon}, title = {Rassenb{\"u}rgerkrieg}, publisher = {Transcript}, address = {Bielefeld}, isbn = {978-3-8376-5863-7}, pages = {147 -- 159}, year = {2021}, language = {de} } @misc{Eckstein2023, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Eckstein, Johannes}, title = {Die Corona-Schutzimpfung: Zur umk{\"a}mpften Konstitution eines zentralen Ph{\"a}nomens des Pandemiediskurses}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62725}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-627258}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {100}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Schon fr{\"u}h w{\"a}hrend der Corona-Pandemie entwickelte sich die Idee einer Schutzimpfung gegen das Virus zu einem zentralen Motiv im Kampf gegen die globale und teils t{\"o}dliche Seuche. Dies spiegelt sich auch in den medial ausgetragenen Debatten um Anti-Corona-Vakzine wider, in denen bestimmtes, teils konflikthaftes Wissen produziert und vermittelt wurde. Die vorliegende Masterarbeit rekonstruiert den deutschsprachigen Diskurs um die Corona-Schutzimpfung in Form einer wissenssoziologischen Diskursanalyse. Sie untersucht, wie gesellschaftliches Wissen zur Impfung in meinungsf{\"u}hrenden Tages- und Wochenzeitungen sowie in ausgew{\"a}hlten Blogs w{\"a}hrend der Pandemie von Anfang 2020 bis Mitte 2022 (re)produziert wird. Ausgangspunkt sind - ankn{\"u}pfend an aktuelle Beitr{\"a}ge der kritischen Soziologie - die politisch-{\"o}konomischen Zusammenh{\"a}nge und Voraussetzungen, wie beispielsweise globale Lebens-, Wirtschafts- und Konsumweisen, durch die diese Pandemie erst m{\"o}glich wurde. Durch diese Perspektive kann die Pandemie als soziales Ereignis begriffen werden, anstatt als unvorhersehbare medizinische Katastrophe, wie es in den politischen und medialen Debatten den Anschein hatte. In der Analyse zeigt sich, dass diese Umst{\"a}nde in der medialen Auseinandersetzung keinerlei Widerhall fanden, was den Diskurs de-kontextualisiert und den herausgearbeiteten Radikalismen den Boden bereitet hat. Die Analyse erm{\"o}glicht es, zwei Zug{\"a}nge zum Diskurs zu unterscheiden: Ein Portal er{\"o}ffnet den Zugang {\"u}ber gesellschaftlich mehrheitlich anerkanntes, also orthodoxes Wissen, das zweite {\"u}ber gesellschaftlich mehrheitlich nicht anerkanntes, also heterodoxes Wissen. Entlang von benannten Themen, Problemen und L{\"o}sungen lassen sich auf einer Pro-Kontra-Achse sieben Wissenstypen rekonstruieren, die von radikaler Impfbef{\"u}rwortung bis radikaler Ablehnung reichen. Vier der Wissensbest{\"a}nde argumentieren f{\"u}r die Impfung, drei dagegen - der Raum des Indifferenten dazwischen bleibt medial unbesetzt. Anschließend werden diese Typen entlang von Werten, auf die rekurriert wird, und schließlich nach Ressourcen, Verantwortlichkeiten und Sprecher*innenrollen unterschieden, sodass eine klare und idealtypische Charakterisierung des jeweiligen Wissens entsteht. Durch die Analyse werden {\"u}berdies diskursive Verschiebungen im Zeitverlauf sichtbar. Es zeigen sich einerseits eine Polarisierung des Diskurses insgesamt, andererseits eine Ern{\"u}chterung innerhalb der Impfbef{\"u}rwortung sowie die interdependente Radikalisierung von Positionen an beiden Enden des Spektrums. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse der Analyse komplement{\"a}r zum Ausgangspunkt gesellschaftstheoretisch eingebettet. Zum einen werden Eigendynamiken de-kontextualisierter und sich infolgedessen radikalisierender Diskurse reflektiert, innerhalb derer sich die Extreme so weit voneinander entfernen, dass sie sich schlussendlich wieder ber{\"u}hren. Zum anderen wird die im Diskurs sichtbar dominante neo-soziale Anrufung der individuellen Verantwortung in einer gleichzeitig wenig solidarischen Gesellschaft im Kontext eines neoliberal gepr{\"a}gten Verst{\"a}ndnisses von individueller Freiheit, Demokratie und sozialer Verantwortung diskutiert.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Bachsleitner2019, author = {Bachsleitner, Anna}, title = {Bildungsverl{\"a}ufe und soziale Ungleichheit vom Abitur bis zur Promotion}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {193}, year = {2019}, abstract = {{\"U}berg{\"a}nge im Bildungssystem sind zentrale Stationen f{\"u}r die Generierung von sozialer Ungleichheit. W{\"a}hrend die Bildungswege und die Bedeutung der sozialen Ungleichheit f{\"u}r den Schulbereich umfangreich untersucht wurden, liegen kaum Studien zu den nachschulischen Bildungsverl{\"a}ufen von Hochschulzugangsberechtigten und dem Einfluss der sozialen Herkunft bis zur Aufnahme einer Promotion vor. Daher ist es das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit, die Gestaltung nachschulischer Bildungsverl{\"a}ufe zu untersuchen sowie die Bedeutung der sozialen Herkunft vom Abitur bis zur Promotionsaufnahme zu analysieren. Den beiden Forschungsfragen wurde in vier Teilstudien nachgegangen. In Teilstudie 1 wurde die Relevanz von Merkmalen des Bildungsverlaufes f{\"u}r die Promotionsaufnahme untersucht. Der Schwerpunkt der drei folgenden Teilstudien lag auf der Bedeutung der sozialen Herkunft bei Aufnahme einer Promotion beziehungsweise der sozialen Ungleichheit in den relevanten Selektionsstufen des nachschulischen Bildungsverlaufs bis zur Promotionsaufnahme. In Teilstudie 2 wurden diesbez{\"u}glich soziale Herkunftseffekte bei der f{\"u}r eine Promotionsaufnahme bedeutsamen Wahl der Hochschulform untersucht, in Teilstudie 3 die Mechanismen hinter sozialen Herkunftseffekten bei Promotionsaufnahme analysiert und in Teilstudie 4 wurde soziale Ungleichheit bei Studienaufnahme und Promotionsaufnahme vergleichend betrachtet. Als Datengrundlage wurde die L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie BIJU (Bildungsverl{\"a}ufe und psychosoziale Entwicklung im Jugend- und jungen Erwachsenenalter) herangezogen. Die Befunde der Dissertation verweisen auf die Relevanz sozialer Ungleichheiten vom Eintritt in die Hochschule bis zum {\"U}bergang in die Promotion. Auch wenn ein abnehmender Herkunftseffekt vom {\"U}bertritt ins Studium zum {\"U}bertritt in die Promotion vorliegt, sind soziale Herkunftseffekte bei dem sp{\"a}ten Bildungs{\"u}bergang noch sichtbar. Zudem zeigt sich die Bedeutung von Pfadabh{\"a}ngigkeiten in Bildungsverl{\"a}ufen sowie von Leistungsunterschieden f{\"u}r eine Promotionsaufnahme.}, language = {de} } @article{BruttelGuethNithammeretal.2022, author = {Bruttel, Lisa Verena and G{\"u}th, Werner and Nithammer, Juri and Orland, Andreas}, title = {Inefficient cooperation under stochastic and strategic uncertainty}, series = {Conflict resolution}, volume = {66}, journal = {Conflict resolution}, number = {4-5}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {0022-0027}, doi = {10.1177/00220027211066614}, pages = {755 -- 782}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Stochastic uncertainty can cause coordination problems that may hinder mutually beneficial cooperation. We propose a mechanism of ex-post voluntary transfers designed to circumvent these coordination problems and ask whether it can increase efficiency. To test this transfer mechanism, we implement a controlled laboratory experiment based on a repeated Ultimatum Game with a stochastic endowment. Contrary to our hypothesis, we find that allowing voluntary transfers does not lead to an efficiency increase. We suggest and analyze two major reasons for this failure: first, stochastic uncertainty forces proposers intending to cooperate to accept high strategic uncertainty, which many proposers avoid; second, many responders behave only incompletely conditionally cooperatively, which hinders cooperation in future periods.}, language = {en} } @misc{PearceOezkulaGreeneetal.2018, author = {Pearce, Warren and {\"O}zkula, Suay M. and Greene, Amanda K. and Teeling, Lauren and Bansard, Jennifer S. and Omena, Janna Joceli and Rabello, Elaine Teixeira}, title = {Visual cross-platform analysis}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {2}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-51553}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-515539}, pages = {22}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Analysis of social media using digital methods is a flourishing approach. However, the relatively easy availability of data collected via platform application programming interfaces has arguably led to the predominance of single-platform research of social media. Such research has also privileged the role of text in social media analysis, as a form of data that is more readily gathered and searchable than images. In this paper, we challenge both of these prevailing forms of social media research by outlining a methodology for visual cross-platform analysis (VCPA), defined as the study of still and moving images across two or more social media platforms. Our argument contains three steps. First, we argue that cross-platform analysis addresses a gap in research methods in that it acknowledges the interplay between a social phenomenon under investigation and the medium within which it is being researched, thus illuminating the different affordances and cultures of web platforms. Second, we build on the literature on multimodal communication and platform vernacular to provide a rationale for incorporating the visual into cross-platform analysis. Third, we reflect on an experimental cross-platform analysis of images within social media posts (n = 471,033) used to communicate climate change to advance different modes of macro- and meso-levels of analysis that are natively visual: image-text networks, image plots and composite images. We conclude by assessing the research pathways opened up by VCPA, delineating potential contributions to empirical research and theory and the potential impact on practitioners of social media communication.}, language = {en} } @article{PearceOezkulaGreeneetal.2018, author = {Pearce, Warren and {\"O}zkula, Suay M. and Greene, Amanda K. and Teeling, Lauren and Bansard, Jennifer S. and Omena, Janna Joceli and Rabello, Elaine Teixeira}, title = {Visual cross-platform analysis}, series = {Information, Communication and Society: digital methods to research social media images}, volume = {23}, journal = {Information, Communication and Society: digital methods to research social media images}, number = {2}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, issn = {1468-4462}, doi = {10.1080/1369118X.2018.1486871}, pages = {161 -- 180}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Analysis of social media using digital methods is a flourishing approach. However, the relatively easy availability of data collected via platform application programming interfaces has arguably led to the predominance of single-platform research of social media. Such research has also privileged the role of text in social media analysis, as a form of data that is more readily gathered and searchable than images. In this paper, we challenge both of these prevailing forms of social media research by outlining a methodology for visual cross-platform analysis (VCPA), defined as the study of still and moving images across two or more social media platforms. Our argument contains three steps. First, we argue that cross-platform analysis addresses a gap in research methods in that it acknowledges the interplay between a social phenomenon under investigation and the medium within which it is being researched, thus illuminating the different affordances and cultures of web platforms. Second, we build on the literature on multimodal communication and platform vernacular to provide a rationale for incorporating the visual into cross-platform analysis. Third, we reflect on an experimental cross-platform analysis of images within social media posts (n = 471,033) used to communicate climate change to advance different modes of macro- and meso-levels of analysis that are natively visual: image-text networks, image plots and composite images. We conclude by assessing the research pathways opened up by VCPA, delineating potential contributions to empirical research and theory and the potential impact on practitioners of social media communication.}, language = {en} } @misc{AhnBrennerCuccaetal.2021, author = {Ahn, Byeongsun and Brenner, Anna-Katharina and Cucca, Roberta and Friesenecker, Michael and Litschauer, Katharina and Mocca, Elisabetta and Riederer, Bernhard}, title = {Vienna}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, editor = {Kazepov, Yuri Albert Kyrill and Verwiebe, Roland}, isbn = {978-0-367-68011-4}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-53784}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-537843}, pages = {176}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This book explores and debates the urban transformations that have taken place in Vienna over the past 30 years and their consequences in policy fields such as labour and housing, political and social participation and the environment. Historically, European cities have been characterised by a strong association between social cohesion, quality of life, economic ambition and a robust State. Vienna is an excellent example for that. In more recent years, however, cities were pressured to change policy principles and mechanisms in the context of demographic shifts, post-industrial transformations and welfare recalibration which have led to worsened social conditions in many cities. Each chapter in this volume discusses Vienna's responses to these pressures in key policy arenas, looking at outcomes from the context-specific local arrangements. Against a theoretical framework debating the European city as a model of inclusion and social justice, authors explore the local capacity to innovate urban policies and to address new social risks, while paying attention to potential trade-offs. The book questions and assesses the city's resilience using time series and an institutional analysis of four key dimensions that characterise the European city model within the context of post-industrial transition: redistribution, recognition, representation and sustainability. It offers a multiscalar perspective of urban governance through labour, housing, participatory and environmental policies, bringing together different levels and public policy types.}, language = {en} } @article{Wolf2022, author = {Wolf, Hannah}, title = {Trying as hard as i can}, series = {Human arenas : HA : an interdisciplinary journal of psychology, culture, and meaning}, journal = {Human arenas : HA : an interdisciplinary journal of psychology, culture, and meaning}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, isbn = {2522-5804}, issn = {2522-5790}, doi = {10.1007/s42087-021-00268-1}, pages = {15}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The housing crisis represents a liminal experience: a loss of the taken-for-granted and the suspension of ontological security has put individuals in a situation of potentiality in which both conceptions of home and of personal identity are open to transformation. Empirically assessing this liminal transition allows us to understand the refiguration processes of both home and subjectivities. This has both conceptual and political implications: with ongoing individualization of responsibility in virtually all spheres of social life, it is no longer possible to assume that the private sphere of home is an arena in which individuals are free and secured from societal forces, pressures, and compulsions. Instead, we might find ourselves in a transient liminal period in which the very meaning and psycho-social foundation of home are being transformed. To understand these processes is not only an epistemological but also a political endeavor, for only by understanding the psycho-social implications of the housing crisis can we acknowledge its embeddedness in and relation to processes of societal individualization, as well as the potential to open up pathways to the emergence of a liminal communitas.}, language = {en} }