@misc{KraheSpringerWeinmanetal.2013,
  author    = {Krahe, Charlotte and Springer, Anne and Weinman, John A. and Fotopoulou, Aikaterini},
  title     = {The social modulation of pain - others as predictive signals of salience ; a systematic review},
  series = {Frontiers in human neuroscienc},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Frontiers in human neuroscienc},
  number    = {29},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1662-5161},
  doi       = {10.3389/fnhum.2013.00386},
  pages     = {21},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Several studies in cognitive neuroscience have investigated the cognitive and affective modulation of pain. By contrast, fewer studies have focused on the social modulation of pain, despite a plethora of relevant clinical findings. Here we present the first review of experimental studies addressing how interpersonal factors, such as the presence, behavior, and spatial proximity of an observer, modulate pain. Based on a systematic literature search, we identified 26 studies on experimentally induced pain that manipulated different interpersonal variables and measured behavioral, physiological, and neural pain-related responses. We observed that the modulation of pain by interpersonal factors depended on (1) the degree to which the social partners were active or were perceived by the participants to possess possibility for action; (2) the degree to which participants could perceive the specific intentions of the social partners; (3) the type of pre-existing relationship between the social partner and the person in pain, and lastly, (4) individual differences in relating to others and coping styles. Based on these findings, we propose that the modulation of pain by social factors can be fruitfully understood in relation to a recent predictive coding model, the free energy framework, particularly as applied to interoception and social cognition. Specifically, we argue that interpersonal interactions during pain may function as social, predictive signals of contextual threat or safety and as such influence the salience of noxious stimuli. The perception of such interpersonal interactions may in turn depend on (a) prior beliefs about interpersonal relating and (b) the certainty or precision by which an interpersonal interaction may predict environmental threat or safety.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{BaldKopyraKeller2014,
  author    = {Bald, Ilko and Kopyra, Janina and Keller, Adrian},
  title     = {On the role of fluoro-substituted nucleosides in DNA radiosensitization for tumor radiation therapy},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-73412},
  pages     = {6825 -- 6829},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Gemcitabine (2′,2′-difluorocytidine) is a well-known radiosensitizer routinely applied in concomitant chemoradiotherapy. During irradiation of biological media with high-energy radiation secondary low-energy (<10 eV) electrons are produced that can directly induce chemical bond breakage in DNA by dissociative electron attachment (DEA). Here, we investigate and compare DEA to the three molecules 2′-deoxycytidine, 2′-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine, and gemcitabine. Fluorination at specific molecular sites, i.e., nucleobase or sugar moiety, is found to control electron attachment and subsequent dissociation pathways. The presence of two fluorine atoms at the sugar ring results in more efficient electron attachment to the sugar moiety and subsequent bond cleavage. For the formation of the dehydrogenated nucleobase anion, we obtain an enhancement factor of 2.8 upon fluorination of the sugar, whereas the enhancement factor is 5.5 when the nucleobase is fluorinated. The observed fragmentation reactions suggest enhanced DNA strand breakage induced by secondary electrons when gemcitabine is incorporated into DNA.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BaldKellerKopyra2014,
  author    = {Bald, Ilko and Keller, Adrian and Kopyra, Janina},
  title     = {On the role of fluoro-substituted nucleosides in DNA radiosensitization for tumor radiation therapy},
  series = {RSC Advances : an international journal to further the chemical sciences},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {RSC Advances : an international journal to further the chemical sciences},
  number    = {13},
  publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
  issn      = {2046-2069},
  doi       = {10.1039/C3RA46735J},
  pages     = {6825 -- 6829},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Gemcitabine (2′,2′-difluorocytidine) is a well-known radiosensitizer routinely applied in concomitant chemoradiotherapy. During irradiation of biological media with high-energy radiation secondary low-energy (<10 eV) electrons are produced that can directly induce chemical bond breakage in DNA by dissociative electron attachment (DEA). Here, we investigate and compare DEA to the three molecules 2′-deoxycytidine, 2′-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine, and gemcitabine. Fluorination at specific molecular sites, i.e., nucleobase or sugar moiety, is found to control electron attachment and subsequent dissociation pathways. The presence of two fluorine atoms at the sugar ring results in more efficient electron attachment to the sugar moiety and subsequent bond cleavage. For the formation of the dehydrogenated nucleobase anion, we obtain an enhancement factor of 2.8 upon fluorination of the sugar, whereas the enhancement factor is 5.5 when the nucleobase is fluorinated. The observed fragmentation reactions suggest enhanced DNA strand breakage induced by secondary electrons when gemcitabine is incorporated into DNA.},
  language  = {en}
}