@misc{KlieglMassonRichter2009,
  author    = {Kliegl, Reinhold and Masson, Michael E. J. and Richter, Eike M.},
  title     = {A linear mixed model analysis of masked repetition priming},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57073},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {We examined individual differences in masked repetition priming by re-analyzing item-level response-time (RT) data from three experiments. Using a linear mixed model (LMM) with subjects and items specified as crossed random factors, the originally reported priming and word-frequency effects were recovered. In the same LMM, we estimated parameters describing the distributions of these effects across subjects. Subjects' frequency and priming effects correlated positively with each other and negatively with mean RT. These correlation estimates, however, emerged only with a reciprocal transformation of RT (i.e., -1/RT), justified on the basis of distributional analyses. Different correlations, some with opposite sign, were obtained (1) for untransformed or logarithmic RTs or (2) when correlations were computed using within-subject analyses. We discuss the relevance of the new results for accounts of masked priming, implications of applying RT transformations, and the use of LMMs as a tool for the joint analysis of experimental effects and associated individual differences.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{WernerDonnellyKliegl1987,
  author    = {Werner, John S. and Donnelly, Seaneen K. and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Aging and human macular pigment density : appended with translations from the work of Max Schultze and Ewald Hering},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16836},
  year      = {1987},
  abstract  = {The optical density of human macular pigment was measured for 50 observers ranging in age from 10 to 90 years. The psychophysical method required adjusting the radiance of a 1°, monochromatic light (400-550 nm) to minimize flicker (15 Hz) when presented in counterphase with a 460 nm standard. This test stimulus was presented superimposed on a broad-band, short-wave background. Macular pigment density was determined by comparing sensitivity under these conditions for the fovea, where macular pigment is maximal, and 5° temporally. This difference spectrum, measured for 12 observers, matched Wyszecki and Stiles's standard density spectrum for macular pigment. To study variation in macular pigment density for a larger group of observers, measurements were made at only selected spectral points (460, 500 and 550 nm). The mean optical density at 460 nm for the complete sample of 50 subjects was 0.39. Substantial individual differences in density were found (ca. 0.10-0.80), but this variation was not systematically related to age.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{MacWhinneyBatesKliegl1984,
  author    = {MacWhinney, Brian and Bates, Elizabeth and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Cue validity and sentence interpretation in English, German, and Italian},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16847},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {Linguistic and psycholinguistic accounts based on the study of English may prove unreliable as guides to sentence processing in even closely related languages. The present study illustrates this claim in a test of sentence interpretation by German-, Italian-, and English-speaking adults. Subjects were presented with simple transitive sentences in which contrasts of (1) word order, (2) agreement, (3) animacy, and (4) stress were systematically varied. For each sentence, subjects were asked to state which of the two nouns was the actor. The results indicated that Americans relied overwhelming on word order, using a first-noun strategy in NVN and a second-noun strategy in VNN and NNV sentences. Germans relied on both agreement and animacy. Italians showed extreme reliance on agreement cues. In both German and Italian, stress played a role in terms of complex interactions with word order and agreement. The findings were interpreted in terms of the "competition model" of Bates and MacWhinney (in H. Winitz (Ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Conference on Native and Foreign Language Acquisition. New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1982) in which cue validity is considered to be the primary determinant of cue strength. According to this model, cues are said to be high in validity when they are also high in applicability and reliability.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{OlsonDavidsonKliegletal.1984,
  author    = {Olson, Richard K. and Davidson, Brian J. and Kliegl, Reinhold and Davies, Susan E.},
  title     = {Development of phonetic memory in disabled and normal readers},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16888},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {The development of phonetic codes in memory of 141 pairs of normal and disabled readers from 7.8 to 16.8 years of age was tested with a task adapted from L. S. Mark, D. Shankweiler, I. Y. Liberman, and C. A. Fowler (Memory \& Cognition, 1977, 5, 623-629) that measured false-positive errors in recognition memory for foil words which rhymed with words in the memory list versus foil words that did not rhyme. Our younger subjects replicated Mark et al., showing a larger difference between rhyming and nonrhyming false-positive errors for the normal readers. The older disabled readers' phonetic effect was comparable to that of the younger normal readers, suggesting a developmental lag in their use of phonetic coding in memory. Surprisingly, the normal readers' phonetic effect declined with age in the recognition task, but they maintained a significant advantage across age in the auditory WISC-R digit span recall test, and a test of phonological nonword decoding. The normals' decline with age in rhyming confusion may be due to an increase in the precision of their phonetic codes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{RheinbergManigKliegletal.2008,
  author    = {Rheinberg, Falko and Manig, Yvette and Kliegl, Reinhold and Engeser, Stefan and Vollmeyer, Regina},
  title     = {Flow bei der Arbeit, doch Gl{\"u}ck in der Freizeit : Zielausrichtung, Flow und Gl{\"u}cksgef{\"u}hle},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19740},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Bei N = 101 Arbeitnehmern verschiedener Berufe wurden mit der Experience Sampling Method (ESM) eine Woche lang Daten zum Flow-Erleben, zu Gl{\"u}ck/Zufriedenheit und zur Zielausrichtung laufender Aktivit{\"a}ten erhoben (N = 4603 Messungen). Die Daten wurden mit GLMM-Analysen ausgewertet. Auch bei der jetzt vollst{\"a}ndigen Erfassung aller Flow-Komponenten mit der FKS best{\"a}tigte sich das „Paradoxon der Arbeit", wonach w{\"a}hrend der Arbeit h{\"o}here Flow-Werte, aber niedrigere Werte f{\"u}r Gl{\"u}ck/Zufriedenheit auftreten als jeweils in der Freizeit. W{\"a}hrend der Arbeit waren Aktivit{\"a}ten h{\"a}ufiger auf die Erreichung von Zielen ausgerichtet als w{\"a}hrend der Freizeit. Die Zielausrichtung wirkte auf Flow vs. Gl{\"u}ck/Zufriedenheit signifikant verschieden. W{\"a}hrend der Arbeit hat die Zielausrichtung auf Flow einen stark positiven Effekt, auf Gl{\"u}ck/Zufriedenheit jedoch nicht. Im Freizeitbereich war der Effekt von Zielausrichtung auf Gl{\"u}ck/Zufriedenheit sogar negativ. Das „Paradoxon der Arbeit" l{\"a}sst sich partiell als Effekt der Zielausrichtung verstehen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{DimigenValsecchiSommeretal.2009,
  author    = {Dimigen, Olaf and Valsecchi, Matteo and Sommer, Werner and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Human Microsaccade-Related Visual Brain Responses},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-56923},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Microsaccades are very small, involuntary flicks in eye position that occur on average once or twice per second during attempted visual fixation. Microsaccades give rise to EMG eye muscle spikes that can distort the spectrum of the scalp EEG and mimic increases in gamma band power. Here we demonstrate that microsaccades are also accompanied by genuine and sizeable cortical activity, manifested in the EEG. In three experiments, high-resolution eye movements were corecorded with the EEG: during sustained fixation of checkerboard and face stimuli and in a standard visual oddball task that required the counting of target stimuli. Results show that microsaccades as small as 0.15° generate a field potential over occipital cortex and midcentral scalp sites 100 -140 ms after movement onset, which resembles the visual lambda response evoked by larger voluntary saccades. This challenges the standard assumption of human brain imaging studies that saccade-related brain activity is precluded by fixation, even when fully complied with. Instead, additional cortical potentials from microsaccades were present in 86\% of the oddball task trials and of similar amplitude as the visual response to stimulus onset. Furthermore, microsaccade probability varied systematically according to the proportion of target stimuli in the oddball task, causing modulations of late stimulus-locked event-related potential (ERP) components. Microsaccades present an unrecognized source of visual brain signal that is of interest for vision research and may have influenced the data of many ERP and neuroimaging studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KlieglBates2011,
  author    = {Kliegl, Reinhold and Bates, Douglas},
  title     = {International Collaboration in Psychology is on the Rise},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57045},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {There has been a substantial increase in the percentage for publications with co-authors located in departments from different countries in 12 major journals of psychology. The results are evidence for a remarkable internationalization of psychological research, starting in the mid 1970s and increasing in rate at the beginning of the 1990s. This growth occurs against a constant number of articles with authors from the same country; it is not due to a concomitant increase in the number of co-authors per article. Thus, international collaboration in psychology is obviously on the rise.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{ValsecchiDimigenKliegletal.2009,
  author    = {Valsecchi, Matteo and Dimigen, Olaf and Kliegl, Reinhold and Sommer, Werner and Turatto, Massimo},
  title     = {Microsaccadic Inhibition and P300 Enhancement in a Visual Oddball Task},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57170},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {It has recently been demonstrated that the presentation of a rare target in a visual oddball paradigm induces a prolonged inhibition of microsaccades. In the field of electrophysiology, the amplitude of the P300 component in event-related potentials (ERP) has been shown to be sensitive to the stimulus category (target vs. non target) of the eliciting stimulus, its overall probability, and the preceding stimulus sequence. In the present study we further specify the functional underpinnings of the prolonged microsaccadic inhibition in the visual oddball task, showing that the stimulus category, the frequency of a stimulus and the preceding stimulus sequence influence microsaccade rate. Furthermore, by co-recording ERPs and eye-movements, we were able to demonstrate that, despite being largely sensitive to the same experimental manipulation, the amplitude of P300 and the microsaccadic inhibition predict each other very weakly, and thus constitute two independent measures of the brain's response to rare targets in the visual oddball paradigm.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{MingKlieglShuetal.2010,
  author    = {Ming, Yan and Kliegl, Reinhold and Shu, Hua and Pan, Jinger and Zhou, Xiaolin},
  title     = {Parafoveal Load of Word N+1 Modulates Preprocessing Effectivenessof Word N+2 in Chinese Reading},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57103},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Preview benefits (PBs) from two words to the right of the fixated one (i.e., word N+2)and associated parafoveal-on-foveal effects are critical for proposals of distributed lexical processing during reading. This experiment examined parafoveal processing during reading of Chinese sentences, using a boundary manipulation of N+2-word preview with low- and high-frequency words N+1. The main findings were (a) an identity PB for word N+2 that was (b) primarily observed when word N+1 was of high frequency (i.e., an interaction between frequency of word N+1 and PB for word N+2), and (c) a parafoveal-on-foveal frequency effect of word N+1 for fixation durations on word N. We discuss implications for theories of serial attention shifts and parallel distributed processing of words during reading.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{AngeleSlatteryYangetal.2008,
  author    = {Angele, Bernhard and Slattery, Timothy J. and Yang, Jinmian and Kliegl, Reinhold and Rayner, Keith},
  title     = {Parafoveal processing in reading: Manipulating n+1 and n+2 previews simultaneously},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57128},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {The boundary paradigm (Rayner, 1975) with a novel preview manipulation was used to examine the extent of parafoveal processing of words to the right of fixation. Words n+1 and n+2 had either correct or incorrect previews prior to fixation (prior to crossing the boundary location). In addition, the manipulation utilized either a high or low frequency word in word n+1 location on the assumption that it would be more likely that n+2 preview effects could be obtained when word n+1 was high frequency. The primary findings were that there was no evidence for a preview benefit for word n+2 and no evidence for parafoveal-on-foveal effects when word n+1 is at least four letters long. We discuss implications for models of eye-movement control in reading.},
  language  = {en}
}