@article{PerkinsRoseGrossartetal.2021,
  author    = {Perkins, Anita and Rose, Andrew and Grossart, Hans-Peter and Rojas-Jimenez, Keilor Osvaldo and Barroso Prescott, Selva Kiri and Oakes, Joanne M.},
  title     = {Oxic and Anoxic Organic Polymer Degradation Potential of Endophytic Fungi From the Marine Macroalga, Ecklonia radiata},
  series = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
  publisher = {Frontiers in microbiology},
  address   = {Lausanne, Schweiz},
  issn      = {1664-302X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fmicb.2021.726138},
  pages     = {1 -- 13},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Cellulose and chitin are the most abundant polymeric, organic carbon source globally. Thus, microbes degrading these polymers significantly influence global carbon cycling and greenhouse gas production. Fungi are recognized as important for cellulose decomposition in terrestrial environments, but are far less studied in marine environments, where bacterial organic matter degradation pathways tend to receive more attention. In this study, we investigated the potential of fungi to degrade kelp detritus, which is a major source of cellulose in marine systems. Given that kelp detritus can be transported considerable distances in the marine environment, we were specifically interested in the capability of endophytic fungi, which are transported with detritus, to ultimately contribute to kelp detritus degradation. We isolated 10 species and two strains of endophytic fungi from the kelp Ecklonia radiata. We then used a dye decolorization assay to assess their ability to degrade organic polymers (lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose) under both oxic and anoxic conditions and compared their degradation ability with common terrestrial fungi. Under oxic conditions, there was evidence that Ascomycota isolates produced cellulose-degrading extracellular enzymes (associated with manganese peroxidase and sulfur-containing lignin peroxidase), while Mucoromycota isolates appeared to produce both lignin and cellulose-degrading extracellular enzymes, and all Basidiomycota isolates produced lignin-degrading enzymes (associated with laccase and lignin peroxidase). Under anoxic conditions, only three kelp endophytes degraded cellulose. We concluded that kelp fungal endophytes can contribute to cellulose degradation in both oxic and anoxic environments. Thus, endophytic kelp fungi may play a significant role in marine carbon cycling via polymeric organic matter degradation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KuehneFauthAyBrysonetal.2021,
  author    = {K{\"u}hne, Franziska and Fauth, Henriette and Ay-Bryson, Destina Sevde and Visser, Leonie N.C. and Weck, Florian},
  title     = {Communicating the diagnosis of cancer or depression},
  series = {Cancer medicine},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Cancer medicine},
  number    = {24},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken, New Jersey, USA},
  issn      = {2045-7634},
  doi       = {10.1002/cam4.4396},
  pages     = {9012 -- 9021},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background Communicating a diagnosis is highly important, yet complex, especially in the context of cancer and mental disorders. The aim was to explore the communication style of an oncologist vs. psychotherapist in an online study. Methods Patients (N = 136: 65 cancer, 71 depression) were randomly assigned to watch a standardized video vignette with one of two communication styles (empathic vs. unempathic). Outcome measures of affectivity, information recall, communication skills, empathy and trust were applied. Results Regardless of diagnosis, empathic communication was associated with the perception of a significantly more empathic (p < 0.001, η2partial = 0.08) and trustworthy practitioner (p = 0.014, η2partial = 0.04) with better communication skills (p = 0.013, η2partial = 0.05). Cancer patients reported a larger decrease in positive affect (p < 0.001, η2partial = 0.15) and a larger increase in negative affect (p < 0.001, η2partial = 0.14) from pre- to post-video than depressive patients. Highly relevant information was recalled better in both groups (p < 0.001, d = 0.61-1.06). Conclusions The results highlight the importance of empathy while communicating both a diagnosis of cancer and a mental disorder. Further research should focus on the communication of a mental disorder in association with cancer.},
  language  = {en}
}